{"pageNumber":"3865","pageRowStart":"96600","pageSize":"25","recordCount":185177,"records":[{"id":31683,"text":"ofr95299 - 1995 - Near field receiving water monitoring of trace metals in clams (Macoma balthica) and sediments near the Palo Alto and San Jose/Sunnyvale water quality control plants in South San Francisco Bay; June 1993 through October 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-12T14:03:36.529767","indexId":"ofr95299","displayToPublicDate":"1995-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-299","title":"Near field receiving water monitoring of trace metals in clams (Macoma balthica) and sediments near the Palo Alto and San Jose/Sunnyvale water quality control plants in South San Francisco Bay; June 1993 through October 1994","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95299","usgsCitation":"Luoma, S., Cain, D., Brown, C.L., Hornberger, M.I., and Bouse-Schaenemann, R.M., 1995, Near field receiving water monitoring of trace metals in clams (Macoma balthica) and sediments near the Palo Alto and San Jose/Sunnyvale water quality control plants in South San Francisco Bay; June 1993 through October 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-299, 83 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95299.","productDescription":"83 p. ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159999,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0299/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59916,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0299/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California ","otherGeospatial":"South San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.464599609375,\n              37.39634613318923\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.86035156249999,\n              37.39634613318923\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.86035156249999,\n              37.75334401310656\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.464599609375,\n              37.75334401310656\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.464599609375,\n              37.39634613318923\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db697f8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":86353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cain, D.J.","contributorId":68329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, C. L.","contributorId":35678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hornberger, Michelle I. 0000-0002-7787-3446","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7787-3446","contributorId":23574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornberger","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bouse-Schaenemann, R. M.","contributorId":24392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bouse-Schaenemann","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":31686,"text":"ofr95479 - 1995 - A teacher's guide to the San Francisco Bay area geophysics maps (U.S. Geological Survey GP-1006 and GP-1007)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-30T19:26:37.472644","indexId":"ofr95479","displayToPublicDate":"1995-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-479","title":"A teacher's guide to the San Francisco Bay area geophysics maps (U.S. Geological Survey GP-1006 and GP-1007)","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95479","usgsCitation":"Langenheim, V., and Gordon, L.C., 1995, A teacher's guide to the San Francisco Bay area geophysics maps (U.S. Geological Survey GP-1006 and GP-1007): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-479, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95479.","productDescription":"35 p.","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":407734,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18483.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":59918,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0479/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159897,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0479/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.596,\n              36.265\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.644,\n              36.265\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.644,\n              38.909\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.596,\n              38.909\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.596,\n              36.265\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a5c25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langenheim, V.E. 0000-0003-2170-5213","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":54956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"V.E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":206704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gordon, L. C.","contributorId":80320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gordon","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":20105,"text":"ofr94457 - 1995 - Computation of the time-varying flow rate from an artesian well in central Dade County, Florida, by analytical and numerical simulation methods","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":20105,"text":"ofr94457 - 1995 - Computation of the time-varying flow rate from an artesian well in central Dade County, Florida, by analytical and numerical simulation methods","indexId":"ofr94457","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Computation of the time-varying flow rate from an artesian well in central Dade County, Florida, by analytical and numerical simulation methods"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2300,"text":"wsp2491 - 1997 - Computation of the time-varying flow rate from an artesian well in central Dade County, Florida, by analytical and numerical simulation methods","indexId":"wsp2491","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"Computation of the time-varying flow rate from an artesian well in central Dade County, Florida, by analytical and numerical simulation methods"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":2300,"text":"wsp2491 - 1997 - Computation of the time-varying flow rate from an artesian well in central Dade County, Florida, by analytical and numerical simulation methods","indexId":"wsp2491","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"Computation of the time-varying flow rate from an artesian well in central Dade County, Florida, by analytical and numerical simulation methods"},"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-08T16:20:19.82069","indexId":"ofr94457","displayToPublicDate":"1995-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-457","title":"Computation of the time-varying flow rate from an artesian well in central Dade County, Florida, by analytical and numerical simulation methods","docAbstract":"<p>To construct a digital simulation of a plume of brackish water in the surficial Biscayne aquifer of central Dade County, Florida, that originated from a flowing artesian well, it was necessary to quantify the rate of spillage and the consequent point-source loading of the aquifer. However, a flow-rate measurement (2,350 gallons per minute) made 2 months after drilling of the well in 1944 was inconsistent with later measurements (1,170 gallons per minute) in 1964, 1965, and 1969. Possible explanations were the: (1) drawdown of the aquifer over time; (2) raising of the altitude at which the water was discharged; (3) installation of 80 feet of 8-inch liner; (4) an increase in the density of the flowing water; and (5) gradual deterioration of the well casing. The first approach to reconciling the measured flow rates was to apply a form of the equation for constant-drawdown analysis often used to estimate aquifer transmissivity. Next, a numerical simulation analysis was made that provided the means to account for friction loss in the well and recharge across vertically adjacent confining layers and from lateral boundaries. The numerical analysis required the construction of a generalized model of the subsurface from the surficial Biscayne aquifer to the cavernous, dolomitic Boulder Zone at a depth of 3,000 feet. Calibration of the generalized flow model required that the moddle confining unit of the Floridan aquifer system separating the artesian flow zone in the Upper Floridan aquifer from the Lower Floridan aquifer (the Boulder Zone) have a vertical hydraulic conductivity of at least 1 foot per day. The intermediate confining unit separating the flow zone from the surficial Biscayne aquifer was assigned a much lower hydraulic conductivity (0.01 foot per day or less). The model indicated that the observed mounding of Upper Floridan aquifer heads along the axis of the Florida Peninsula was related to the variable depth of the freshwater and brackish-water zone overlying deeper saline water. The analyses only partly reconciled the two rates. The second rate was accepted as representative of the conditions prevailing at the time of its measurement. On the basis of flowmeter logging, it was assumed that an additional 230 gallons per minute escaped through the corroded casing at that time. Factors not amenable to analysis, such as the inherent inaccuracy of the method of estimating flow from the well and possible error in estimating losses through the casing, could easily account for the remainder of the difference between the two measured rates.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr94457","usgsCitation":"Merritt, M.L., 1995, Computation of the time-varying flow rate from an artesian well in central Dade County, Florida, by analytical and numerical simulation methods: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-457, iv, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94457.","productDescription":"iv, 47 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152239,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0457/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":379233,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0457/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Dade County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.8538818359375,\n              25.095548539604252\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.9969482421875,\n              25.095548539604252\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.9969482421875,\n              26.892679095908164\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.8538818359375,\n              26.892679095908164\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.8538818359375,\n              25.095548539604252\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a7d48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merritt, Michael L.","contributorId":29392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merritt","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":19512,"text":"ofr95558 - 1995 - A bibliography of Klamath Mountains geology, California and Oregon, listing authors from Aalto to Zucca for the years 1849 to mid-1995","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":19512,"text":"ofr95558 - 1995 - A bibliography of Klamath Mountains geology, California and Oregon, listing authors from Aalto to Zucca for the years 1849 to mid-1995","indexId":"ofr95558","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"A bibliography of Klamath Mountains geology, California and Oregon, listing authors from Aalto to Zucca for the years 1849 to mid-1995"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":51521,"text":"ofr2003306 - 2003 - A bibliography of Klamath Mountains geology, California and Oregon, listing authors from Aalto to Zucca for the years 1849 to Mid-2003","indexId":"ofr2003306","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"title":"A bibliography of Klamath Mountains geology, California and Oregon, listing authors from Aalto to Zucca for the years 1849 to Mid-2003"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":51521,"text":"ofr2003306 - 2003 - A bibliography of Klamath Mountains geology, California and Oregon, listing authors from Aalto to Zucca for the years 1849 to Mid-2003","indexId":"ofr2003306","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"title":"A bibliography of Klamath Mountains geology, California and Oregon, listing authors from Aalto to Zucca for the years 1849 to Mid-2003"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-21T12:08:13","indexId":"ofr95558","displayToPublicDate":"1995-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-558","title":"A bibliography of Klamath Mountains geology, California and Oregon, listing authors from Aalto to Zucca for the years 1849 to mid-1995","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr95558","usgsCitation":"Irwin, W.P., 1995, A bibliography of Klamath Mountains geology, California and Oregon, listing authors from Aalto to Zucca for the years 1849 to mid-1995: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-558, 151 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95558.","productDescription":"151 p.","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":152636,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0558/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48970,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0558/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4973e4b0b290850ef2e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Irwin, William P. (compiler)","contributorId":43412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"William","suffix":"(compiler)","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70185358,"text":"70185358 - 1995 - Comment on \"Horizontal aquifer movement in a theis-theim confined system\" by Donald C. Helm","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-25T02:26:37.22791","indexId":"70185358","displayToPublicDate":"1995-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comment on \"Horizontal aquifer movement in a theis-theim confined system\" by Donald C. Helm","docAbstract":"<p>In a recent paper, Helm [1994] presents an analysis of horizontal aquifer movement induced by groundwater withdrawal from a confined aquifer in which fluid and grains are incompressible. The analysis considers the aquifer in isolation (ignoring overlying and underlying strata) and assumes that the aquifer deforms purely in the horizontal direction (with no vertical movement). Helm's solution for grain displacement is obtained through introduction of a quantity known as bulk flux, q<i><sub>b</sub></i>, defined as</p><p>q<i><sub>b</sub></i> = <i>n</i>v<i><sub>w</sub></i> + (1 - <i>n</i>)v<i><sub>s</sub></i></p><p>where n is porosity, v<i><sub>w</sub></i> is velocity of water, and v<i><sub>s</sub></i> is the velocity of the solid grains. On the basis of the bulk flux concept, Helm develops an explanation for the driving force on the bulk material.</p><p>It is our view that Helm's analysis is subject to four limitations. First, Helm's assumption of zero vertical displacement is not supported by field observations and could result in over- estimation of radial displacement. Second, in ignoring the role of overlying and underlying strata, Helm's solution does not yield reliable estimates of aquifer deformation. Third, Helm's solution method works only for problems that involve one spatial coordinate (for example, x or r) but does not generally work for problems involving three-dimensional flow and de- formation. Fourth, Helm's explanation of the driving force on the bulk material is faulty for general three-dimensional problems. The purpose of our comment is to discuss these four issues.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/95WR02713","usgsCitation":"Hsieh, P.A., and Cooley, R.L., 1995, Comment on \"Horizontal aquifer movement in a theis-theim confined system\" by Donald C. Helm: Water Resources Research, v. 31, no. 12, p. 3107-3111, https://doi.org/10.1029/95WR02713.","productDescription":"5 p. ","startPage":"3107","endPage":"3111","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479198,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/95wr02713","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337920,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d23b92e4b0236b68f82908","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hsieh, Paul A. 0000-0003-4873-4874 pahsieh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4873-4874","contributorId":1634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hsieh","given":"Paul","email":"pahsieh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":39113,"text":"WMA - Office of Quality Assurance","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooley, Richard L.","contributorId":8831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooley","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70195997,"text":"70195997 - 1995 - Accuracy of tretyakov precipitation gauge: Result of wmo intercomparison","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T10:56:41","indexId":"70195997","displayToPublicDate":"1995-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accuracy of tretyakov precipitation gauge: Result of wmo intercomparison","docAbstract":"<p>The Tretyakov non-recording precipitation gauge has been used historically as the official precipitation measurement instrument in the Russian (formerly the USSR) climatic and hydrological station network and in a number of other European countries. From 1986 to 1993, the accuracy and performance of this gauge were evaluated during the WMO Solid Precipitation Measurement Intercomparison at 11 stations in Canada, the USA, Russia, Germany, Finland, Romania and Croatia. The double fence intercomparison reference (DFIR) was the reference standard used at all the Intercomparison stations in the Intercomparison. The Intercomparison data collected at the different sites are compatible with respect to the catch ratio (measured/DFIR) for the same gauge, when compared using mean wind speed at the height of the gauge orifice during the observation period.</p><p>The Intercomparison data for the Tretyakov gauge were compiled from measurements made at these WMO intercomparison sites. These data represent a variety of climates, terrains and exposures. The effects of environmental factors, such as wind speed, wind direction, type of precipitation and temperature, on gauge catch ratios were investigated. Wind speed was found to be the most important factor determining the gauge catch and air temperature had a secondary effect when precipitation was classified into snow, mixed and rain. The results of the analysis of gauge catch ratio versus wind speed and temperature on a daily time step are presented for various types of precipitation. Independent checks of the correction equations against the DFIR have been conducted at those Intercomparison stations and a good agreement (difference less than 10%) has been obtained. The use of such adjustment procedures should significantly improve the accuracy and homogeneity of gauge-measured precipitation data over large regions of the former USSR and central Europe.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.3360090805","usgsCitation":"Yang, D., Goodison, B.E., Metcalfe, J.R., Golubev, V.S., Elomaa, E., Gunther, T., Bates, R., Pangburn, T., Hanson, C.L., Emerson, D.G., Copaciu, V., and Milkovic, J., 1995, Accuracy of tretyakov precipitation gauge: Result of wmo intercomparison: Hydrological Processes, v. 9, no. 8, p. 877-895, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.3360090805.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"877","endPage":"895","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352429,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff209ce4b0da30c1bfd5bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yang, Daqing","contributorId":203286,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yang","given":"Daqing","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goodison, Barry E.","contributorId":203293,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goodison","given":"Barry","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Metcalfe, John R.","contributorId":203294,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Metcalfe","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Golubev, Valentin S.","contributorId":203295,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Golubev","given":"Valentin","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Elomaa, Esko","contributorId":203296,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elomaa","given":"Esko","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gunther, Thilo","contributorId":203287,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gunther","given":"Thilo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bates, Roy","contributorId":203288,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bates","given":"Roy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pangburn, Timothy","contributorId":203289,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pangburn","given":"Timothy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hanson, Clayton L.","contributorId":203290,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hanson","given":"Clayton","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Emerson, Douglas G.","contributorId":40579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emerson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Copaciu, Voilete","contributorId":203291,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Copaciu","given":"Voilete","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Milkovic, Janja","contributorId":203292,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Milkovic","given":"Janja","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":18959,"text":"ofr9530 - 1995 - Trace metals and major and rare earth elements in cuttings from five high-temperature wells in the northwest region of The Geysers, California, vapor-dominated geothermal system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-05T13:22:12","indexId":"ofr9530","displayToPublicDate":"1995-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-30","title":"Trace metals and major and rare earth elements in cuttings from five high-temperature wells in the northwest region of The Geysers, California, vapor-dominated geothermal system","docAbstract":"<p>Temperatures within the main vapor-dominated steam reservoir at The Geysers geothermal field generally are in the range 238°C to 244°C. A few deep wells in the northwestern part of the field have penetrated beneath this reservoir into a second vapor-dominated reservoir where temperatures are &gt;315°C, while vapor pressure remains nearly constant at about 35.9 bars (Walters et al., 1992). Vapor-dominated reservoirs generally are thought to operate like heat pipes in which steam formed near the base of the system convects upward (along with other gases, such as CC&gt;2 and H2S), while liquid that has condensed from steam near the top of the reservoir counterflows downward (White et al., 1971). To the extent that this steam condensate carries H2S in solution, it may dissolve gold from the surrounding rock during the counterflow. Re-evaporation of the down-flowing condensate and precipitation of dissolved material might occur at the base of the upper reservoir where there is a relatively sharp increase in temperature while vapor pressure remains nearly constant. In addition, brine that once was present throughout the system (Moore, 1992) may have deposited a variety of ore minerals when and where boiling was vigorous during the transition from previous hot water-dominated to present-day vapor-dominated conditions. The investigation reported here was a geochemical reconnaissance survey looking for evidence of accumulation of Au and other metals in the transition zone between the two reservoirs. The petrology of the cuttings was not examined as part of the investigation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9530","usgsCitation":"Fournier, R.O., and Moore, J.N., 1995, Trace metals and major and rare earth elements in cuttings from five high-temperature wells in the northwest region of The Geysers, California, vapor-dominated geothermal system: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-30, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9530.","productDescription":"11 p.","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":151415,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0030/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48366,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0030/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db627582","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fournier, Robert O.","contributorId":73202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fournier","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, Joseph N.","contributorId":12508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":18974,"text":"ofr95265 - 1995 - Palynomorph distributions in the Rincon Shale (lower Miocene) of the Tajiguas Landfill section, Santa Barbara County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:32","indexId":"ofr95265","displayToPublicDate":"1995-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-265","title":"Palynomorph distributions in the Rincon Shale (lower Miocene) of the Tajiguas Landfill section, Santa Barbara County, California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr95265","usgsCitation":"Frederiksen, N.O., 1995, Palynomorph distributions in the Rincon Shale (lower Miocene) of the Tajiguas Landfill section, Santa Barbara County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-265, 19 p. ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95265.","productDescription":"19 p. ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151527,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0265/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48384,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0265/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db6895e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frederiksen, Norman O.","contributorId":50880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frederiksen","given":"Norman","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29916,"text":"wri944239 - 1995 - Geohydrology and simulation of ground-water flow in the aquifer system near Calvert City, Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:03","indexId":"wri944239","displayToPublicDate":"1995-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4239","title":"Geohydrology and simulation of ground-water flow in the aquifer system near Calvert City, Kentucky","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Kentucky Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Cabinet, constructed a two-dimensional, steady-state ground-water-flow model to estimate hydraulic properties, contributing areas to discharge boundaries, and the average linear velocity at selected locations in an aquifer system near Calvert City, Ky. Nonlinear regression was used to estimate values of model parameters and the reliability of the parameter estimates. The regression minimizes the weighted difference between observed and calculated hydraulic heads and rates of flow. The calibrated model generally was better than alternative models considered, and although adding transmissive faults in the bedrock produced a slightly better model, fault transmissivity was not estimated reliably. The average transmissivity of the aquifer was 20,000 feet squared per day. Recharge to two outcrop areas, the McNairy Formation of Cretaceous age and the alluvium of Quaternary age, were 0.00269 feet per day (11.8 inches per year) and 0.000484 feet per day (2.1 inches per year), respectively. Contributing areas to wells at the Calvert City Water Company in 1992 did not include the Calvert City Industrial Complex. Since completing the fieldwork for this study in 1992, the Calvert City Water Company discontinued use of their wells and began withdrawing water from new wells that were located 4.5 miles east-southeast of the previous location; the contributing area moved farther from the industrial complex. The extent of the alluvium contributing water to wells was limited by the overlying lacustrine deposits. The average linear ground-water velocity at the industrial complex ranged from 0.90 feet per day to 4.47 feet per day with a mean of 1.98 feet per day.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S.G.S. Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944239","usgsCitation":"Starn, J., Arihood, L.D., and Rose, M., 1995, Geohydrology and simulation of ground-water flow in the aquifer system near Calvert City, Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4239, v, 52 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944239.","productDescription":"v, 52 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123601,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4239/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58733,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4239/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8c43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Starn, J.J.","contributorId":69591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Starn","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arihood, L. D. 0000-0001-5792-3699","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5792-3699","contributorId":74388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arihood","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rose, M.F.","contributorId":27893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"M.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":30257,"text":"wri944218 - 1995 - Water-quality assessment of the Trinity River Basin, Texas - Review and analysis of available pesticide information, 1968-91","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-16T14:38:37","indexId":"wri944218","displayToPublicDate":"1995-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4218","title":"Water-quality assessment of the Trinity River Basin, Texas - Review and analysis of available pesticide information, 1968-91","docAbstract":"<p>In 1991 the Trinity River Basin study unit was among the first 20 study units in which work began under full-scale program implementation of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program. A retrospective assessment was undertaken to review and analyze existing pesticide data and related environmental factors. Population and land-use data indicate human modifications to the landscape and hydrologic system of the study area during the period 1968&ndash;91. A variety of crops treated with pesticides were identified, with wheat and cotton accounting for the largest number of acres treated annually (541,250 and 519,870 acres, respectively). Agricultural-use estimates for the later period covered by this report (1988&ndash;90) indicate that 105 different pesticides were used and that 24 pesticides accounted for 75 percent of average agricultural use in the study area. Sorghum was treated by the largest number of the 24 mostused pesticides, and cotton was treated by the second largest number of those pesticides. Dimethoate and methyl parathion were the most heavily used of the organophosphate class pesticides. The herbicide 2,4&ndash;D was the most heavily used chlorophenoxy pesticide. Carbamate pesticides are used extensively in the study area, with carbaryl, carbofuran, methomyl, and thiodicarb accounting for the majority of the use of this class of pesticide. Miscellaneous pesticides included alachlor, arsenic acid, picloram, and glyphosate, among others. The data indicate that herbicide use generally is proportionally higher in the study area than in the Nation, and that insecticide use in the study area generally is proportionally lower than in the Nation.</p>\n<p>Eight different agencies collected the waterquality data used in this report. Samples were collected by all agencies at a combined total of 155 surface-water sites and 121 ground-water sites. The sampled media included water, bed sediment, and tissues of fish and other aquatic wildlife.</p>\n<p>Some 273 samples for analysis of the herbicide 2,4&ndash;D were collected as part of the city of Arlington&rsquo;s data-collection program. The herbicide was detected in 74 percent of the samples, but none exceeded the Maximum Contamination Level for drinking water.</p>\n<p>Dallas Water Utilities collected pesticide samples during a storm in February 1977. Samples were collected at 17 sites with detections of some pesticides in over 50 percent of the samples. Diazinon was detected in 56 percent of samples and 2,4&ndash;D was found in 56 percent of samples.</p>\n<p>Texas Parks and Wildlife Department collected samples from fish tissue for analyses of organochlorine pesticides from 15 sites in the Dallas-Fort Worth area. Chlordane concentrations in some of the samples exceeded the Food and Drug Administration&rsquo;s action level of 300 micrograms per kilogram.</p>\n<p>The Texas Water Commission collected ground-water samples in the study area during 1990 for the major types of pesticides and none were detected. No arsenic was detected in samples from 121 wells in or near the study area. Organochlorine and organophosphate samples were collected beginning in 1974 and ending in 1991. Concentrations of organochlorine pesticides in bed sediment decrease with increasing distance downstream from the Dallas-Fort Worth urban area.</p>\n<p>Pesticide samples collected by the U.S. Geological Survey indicated significant rank correlation between number of detects of chlordane and the percent of the contributing watershed classified as urban land use. Dieldrin in bed sediment samples, and lindane, diazinon, and malathion, in water samples, also were significantly correlated with urban land use. Chlordane and dieldrin were significantly correlated with distance downstream from the Dallas-Fort Worth urban area.</p>\n<p>Review of all available data showed that pesticides were detected to a substantial degree in various sample media over the time period covered by this report. The authors were able to locate little pesticide-sample data for ground water or for tributary streams because sampling efforts historically have been concentrated on the mainstem Trinity River.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri944218","usgsCitation":"Ulery, R., and Brown, M., 1995, Water-quality assessment of the Trinity River Basin, Texas - Review and analysis of available pesticide information, 1968-91: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4218, viii, 88 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944218.","productDescription":"viii, 88 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":11560,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://tx.usgs.gov/projects/trin/pubs/pdf/wri-94-4218.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123228,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4218/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59046,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4218/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Trinity River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -99,\n              34\n            ],\n            [\n              -99,\n              31\n            ],\n            [\n              -94,\n              31\n            ],\n            [\n              -94,\n              34\n            ],\n            [\n              -99,\n              34\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67ae60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ulery, R.L.","contributorId":46507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ulery","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, M.F.","contributorId":71579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"M.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":33117,"text":"b1988K - 1995 - Summary of chemical analyses and 40Ar/39Ar age-spectra data for Eocene volcanic rocks from the central part of the Northeast Nevada volcanic field","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":33117,"text":"b1988K - 1995 - Summary of chemical analyses and 40Ar/39Ar age-spectra data for Eocene volcanic rocks from the central part of the Northeast Nevada volcanic field","indexId":"b1988K","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"chapter":"K","title":"Summary of chemical analyses and 40Ar/39Ar age-spectra data for Eocene volcanic rocks from the central part of the Northeast Nevada volcanic field"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33239,"text":"b1988 - 1992 - Evolution of sedimentary basins: Eastern Great Basin","indexId":"b1988","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"title":"Evolution of sedimentary basins: Eastern Great Basin"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":33239,"text":"b1988 - 1992 - Evolution of sedimentary basins: Eastern Great Basin","indexId":"b1988","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"title":"Evolution of sedimentary basins: Eastern Great Basin"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-09T13:57:33","indexId":"b1988K","displayToPublicDate":"1995-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1988","chapter":"K","title":"Summary of chemical analyses and 40Ar/39Ar age-spectra data for Eocene volcanic rocks from the central part of the Northeast Nevada volcanic field","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/b1988K","usgsCitation":"Brooks, W.E., Thorman, C.H., Snee, L., Nutt, C.J., Potter, C.J., and Dubiel, R.F., 1995, Summary of chemical analyses and 40Ar/39Ar age-spectra data for Eocene volcanic rocks from the central part of the Northeast Nevada volcanic field: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1988, p. K1-K33, illus. incl. sect., 7 tables, geol. sketch maps, 43 refs, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1988K.","productDescription":"p. K1-K33, illus. incl. sect., 7 tables, geol. sketch maps, 43 refs","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161430,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1988k/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":60918,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1988k/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db69936f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, William E.","contributorId":104061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thorman, Charles H. cthorman@usgs.gov","contributorId":254,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thorman","given":"Charles","email":"cthorman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":7065,"text":"USGS emeritus","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":209929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Snee, Lawrence W.","contributorId":81534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snee","given":"Lawrence W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nutt, Constance J. cnutt@usgs.gov","contributorId":1781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nutt","given":"Constance","email":"cnutt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":209932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Potter, Christopher J. 0000-0002-2300-6670 cpotter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2300-6670","contributorId":1026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Potter","given":"Christopher","email":"cpotter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":209930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dubiel, Russell F. 0000-0002-1280-0350 rdubiel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1280-0350","contributorId":1294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dubiel","given":"Russell","email":"rdubiel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":209931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70018724,"text":"70018724 - 1995 - A review of the geochemistry of methane in natural gas hydrate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-12T16:52:34.754929","indexId":"70018724","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A review of the geochemistry of methane in natural gas hydrate","docAbstract":"<p><span>The largest accumulations on Earth of natural gas are in the form of gas hydrate, found mainly offshore in outer continental margin sediment and, to a lesser extent, in polar regions commonly associated with permafrost. Measurements of hydrocarbon gas compositions and of carbon-isotopic compositions of methane from natural gas hydrate samples, collected in subaquatic settings from around the world, suggest that methane guest molecules in the water clathrate structures are mainly derived by the microbial reduction of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;from sedimentary organic matter. Typically, these hydrocarbon gases are composed of &gt; 99% methane, with carbon-isotopic compositions (δ</span><sup>13</sup><span>C</span><sub>PDB</sub><span>) ranging from − 57 to − 73‰. In only two regions, the Gulf of Mexico and the Caspian Sea, has mainly thermogenic methane been found in gas hydrate. There, hydrocarbon gases have methane contents ranging from 21 to 97%, with δ</span><sup>13</sup><span>C values ranging from − 29 to − 57‰. At a few locations, where the gas hydrate contains a mixture of microbial and thermal methane, microbial methane is always dominant. Continental gas hydrate, identified in Alaska and Russia, also has hydrocarbon gases composed of &gt; 99% methane, with carbon-isotopic compositions ranging from − 41 to − 49‰. These gas hydrate deposits also contain a mixture of microbial and thermal methane, with thermal methane likely to be dominant.&nbsp;</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0146-6380(96)00002-2","usgsCitation":"Kvenvolden, K.A., 1995, A review of the geochemistry of methane in natural gas hydrate: Organic Geochemistry, v. 23, no. 11-12, p. 997-1008, https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(96)00002-2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"997","endPage":"1008","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227354,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"11-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e559e4b0c8380cd46cdf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kvenvolden, Keith A. kkvenvolden@usgs.gov","contributorId":3384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvenvolden","given":"Keith","email":"kkvenvolden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":380556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70216600,"text":"70216600 - 1995 - Two-year simulation of the Great Lakes region with a coupled modeling system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-01T13:05:06.053468","indexId":"70216600","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-25T14:12:33","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2786,"text":"Monthly Weather Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Two-year simulation of the Great Lakes region with a coupled modeling system","docAbstract":"<p>In this paper, we report on an experiment aimed at evaluating the feasibility of the application of our coupled regional climate modeling system to long-term climate simulations over the Great Lakes region. The simulation analyzed covers a continuous 24-month period beginning 1 September 1990 and extending to 1 September 1992.</p><p>Many aspects of this simulation agreed well with observations. Compared with European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) analyses, area-averaged atmospheric temperature and moisture biases were generally small. The largest temperature biases were found in the simulated boundary layer, up to 1–1.5 K colder than observed in most months. Atmospheric moisture biases were of both signs and small in magnitude, almost universally less than 0.5 g kg<sup>−1</sup>.</p><p>Comparison of simulated surface air temperatures with station observations also indicated that model simulated temperatures generally display a cold bias. Simulated precipitation values agreed well with observations during the cold portions of the year while during warm months precipitation was overpredicted by 10%–50%. Spatial patterns of precipitation over the model domain agreed well with observations during the winter months but were not as well simulated during the other seasons.</p><p>A one-dimensional lake model was coupled to the atmospheric component of the model to capture the effects of the Great Lakes on regional climate. Lake surface temperatures were generally well simulated by the lake model in the summer and fall seasons, and lake ice extent agreed well with the analysis over at least three of the five lakes. The greatest shortcomings in lake temperature simulation were the earlier-than-observed warm-up in the spring and warmer than observed peak temperatures in the summer over the northern portions of the lakes. Also, lake ice extent was generally overpredicted over Lake Superior and underpredicted over Lake Erie.</p><p>In summary, the coupled modeling system described in this paper shows promise for use in climate simulators over regions where lakes are important such as the Great Lakes. It has been shown that many aspects of the simulation are in good agreement with available observations. Areas in which the results point to the need for further work are the model's convective parameterization, the eddy diffusivities in the lake model, and the treatment of clouds in the radiation package.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/1520-0493(1995)123<1505:TYSOTG>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Bates, G.T., Hostetler, S.W., and Giorgi, F., 1995, Two-year simulation of the Great Lakes region with a coupled modeling system: Monthly Weather Review, v. 123, no. 5, p. 1505-1522, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1995)123<1505:TYSOTG>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1505","endPage":"1522","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479199,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1995)123<1505:tysotg>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":380817,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Ontario","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes region","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.091796875,\n              44.02442151965934\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.5078125,\n              46.6795944656402\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.099609375,\n              49.49667452747045\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.515625,\n              46.800059446787316\n            ],\n            [\n              -90,\n              45.9511496866914\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.76953125,\n              46.01222384063236\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.76953125,\n              43.51668853502906\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.802734375,\n              40.91351257612758\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.517578125,\n              41.902277040963696\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.55078125,\n              44.715513732021336\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.55078125,\n              41.902277040963696\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.3203125,\n              40.91351257612758\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.1015625,\n              41.83682786072714\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.091796875,\n              44.02442151965934\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"123","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bates, G. T.","contributorId":29147,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bates","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":805693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hostetler, S. W. 0000-0003-2272-8302","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2272-8302","contributorId":42911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostetler","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":805694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Giorgi, F.","contributorId":24924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Giorgi","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":805695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70216585,"text":"70216585 - 1995 - Effects of a 2 x CO2 climate on two large lake systems: Pyramid Lake, Nevada, and Yellowstone Lake, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-27T18:26:13.210991","indexId":"70216585","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-25T13:28:55","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1844,"text":"Global and Planetary Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Effects of a 2 × CO<sub>2</sub> climate on two large lake systems: Pyramid Lake, Nevada, and Yellowstone Lake, Wyoming","title":"Effects of a 2 x CO2 climate on two large lake systems: Pyramid Lake, Nevada, and Yellowstone Lake, Wyoming","docAbstract":"<p>The possible effects of trace-gas induced climatic changes on Pyramid and Yellowstone Lakes are assessed using a model of lake temperature. The model is driven by<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>3</mtext><mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">312</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;</span>years of hourly meteorological data obtained directly from the output of double-CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>experiments (2 × CO<sub>2</sub>) conducted with a regional climate model nested in a general circulation model. The regional atmospheric model is the climate version of the National Center for Atmospheric Research/Pennsylvania State University mesoscale model, MM4.</p><p>Average annual surface temperature of Pyramid Lake for the 2 × CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>climate is 15.5 ± 5.4°C (±1 σ), 2.8°C higher than the control. Annual overturn of the lake ceases as a result of these higher temperatures for the 2 × CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>climate. Evaporation increases from 1400 mm yr<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>in the control to 1595 mm yr<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>in the 2 × CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>simulation, but net water supplied to the Pyramid Lake basin increases from −6 mm yr<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>in the control to +27 mm yr<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>in the 2 × CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>simulation due to increased precipitation.</p><p>For the open water periods, the average annual surface temperature of Yellowstone Lake is 13.2 ± 5.1°C for the 2 × CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>climate, a temperature 1.6°C higher than the control. The annual duration of ice cover on the lake is 152 days in the 2 × CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>simulation, a reduction of 44 days relative to the control. Warming of the lake for the 2 × CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>climate is mostly confined to the near-surface. Simulated spring overturn for the 2 × CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>climate occurs earlier in the year and fall overturn later than in the control. Evaporation increases from 544 mm yr<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>to 600 mm yr<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>in the 2 × CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>simulation, but net water supplied to the Yellowstone Lake basin increases from +373 mm yr<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>in the control to +619 mm yr<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>due to increased precipitation. The effects of these climatic changes suggest possible deterioration of water quality and productivity in Pyramid Lake and possible enhancement of productivity in Yellowstone Lake.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0921-8181(94)00019-A","usgsCitation":"Hostetler, S.W., and Giorgino, M.L., 1995, Effects of a 2 x CO2 climate on two large lake systems: Pyramid Lake, Nevada, and Yellowstone Lake, Wyoming: Global and Planetary Change, v. 10, no. 1, p. 43-54, https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-8181(94)00019-A.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"54","costCenters":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":380812,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Pyramid Lake, Nevada, and Yellowstone Lake, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.8004150390625,\n              39.79376521264885\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.278564453125,\n              39.79376521264885\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.278564453125,\n              40.23550866893913\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.8004150390625,\n              40.23550866893913\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.8004150390625,\n              39.79376521264885\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.64056396484375,\n              44.21764696919354\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.10772705078125,\n              44.21764696919354\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.10772705078125,\n              44.63543682256858\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.64056396484375,\n              44.63543682256858\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.64056396484375,\n              44.21764696919354\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hostetler, S. W. 0000-0003-2272-8302","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2272-8302","contributorId":42911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostetler","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":805687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Giorgino, Mary L. giorgino@usgs.gov","contributorId":2242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giorgino","given":"Mary","email":"giorgino@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":805688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70201382,"text":"70201382 - 1995 - Reply to comment on the global resurfacing of Venus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-12T10:46:28","indexId":"70201382","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-25T10:45:52","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reply to comment on the global resurfacing of Venus","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/95JE02294","usgsCitation":"Strom, R., Schaber, G.G., Dawson, D., and Kirk, R.L., 1995, Reply to comment on the global resurfacing of Venus: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 100, no. E11, p. 23361-23365, https://doi.org/10.1029/95JE02294.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"23361","endPage":"23365","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":360197,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Venus","volume":"100","issue":"E11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c122c5ae4b034bf6a856a14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Strom, R.G.","contributorId":45744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strom","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schaber, G. G.","contributorId":68300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaber","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dawson, D.D.","contributorId":31180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":753913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70246360,"text":"70246360 - 1995 - Fault healing inferred from time dependent variations in source properties of repeating earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-06T12:26:39.165471","indexId":"70246360","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-15T06:56:47","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fault healing inferred from time dependent variations in source properties of repeating earthquakes","docAbstract":"<p><span>We analyze two sets of repeating earthquakes on the Calaveras fault to estimate in-situ rates of fault strengthening (healing). Earthquake recurrence intervals&nbsp;</span><i>t<sub>r</sub></i><span>&nbsp;range from 3 to 803 days. Variations in relative moment and duration are combined to study changes in stress drop, rupture dimension, rupture velocity, and particle velocity as a function of&nbsp;</span><i>t<sub>r</sub></i><span>. Healing rates and source variations are compared with predictions of laboratory-derived friction laws. Two interpretations of event duration τ are used: one in which τ is given by the ratio of slip to particle velocity and one in which it scales as rupture dimension divided by rupture velocity. Our data indicate that faults strengthen during the interseismic period. We infer that source dimension decreases with&nbsp;</span><i>t<sub>r</sub></i><span>&nbsp;due to aseismic creep within the region surrounding the repeating events. Stress drop increases 1–3MPa per decade increase in&nbsp;</span><i>t<sub>r</sub></i><span>, which represents an increase of a factor of 2–3 relative to events with&nbsp;</span><i>t<sub>r</sub></i><span>&nbsp;between 10 and 100 days. This rate of fault healing is consistent with extrapolations of laboratory measurements of healing rates if fault strength is high, on order of 60MPa, and stress drop is roughly 10% of this value.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/95GL03076","usgsCitation":"Marone, C., Vidale, J.E., and Ellsworth, W.L., 1995, Fault healing inferred from time dependent variations in source properties of repeating earthquakes: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 22, no. 22, p. 3095-3098, https://doi.org/10.1029/95GL03076.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"3095","endPage":"3098","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":418706,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Calaveras Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.4052173911836,\n              36.689160402516464\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.0187556020827,\n              36.689160402516464\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.0187556020827,\n              37.40239566504556\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.4052173911836,\n              37.40239566504556\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.4052173911836,\n              36.689160402516464\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marone, Chris","contributorId":7426,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marone","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":876962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vidale, John E.","contributorId":48850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vidale","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":876963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellsworth, William L. ellsworth@usgs.gov","contributorId":787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"William","email":"ellsworth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":876964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018879,"text":"70018879 - 1995 - A new mechanism for calcium loss in forest-floor soils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-27T16:45:23.220901","indexId":"70018879","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new mechanism for calcium loss in forest-floor soils","docAbstract":"<p><span>Calcium is the fifth most abundant element in trees, and is an essential component for wood formation and the maintenance of cell walls. Depletion of Ca from the rooting zone can result in acidification of soil</span><sup>1</sup><span>&nbsp;and surface water</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;and possibly growth decline and dieback of red spruce</span><sup>3,4</sup><span>. During the past six decades, concentrations of root-available Ca (exchangeable and acid-extractable forms) in forest-floor soils have decreased in the northeastern United States</span><sup>5,6</sup><span>. Both net forest growth and acid deposition have been put forth as mechanisms that can account for this Ca depletion</span><sup>5,6</sup><span>. Here, however, we present data collected in red spruce forests in the northeastern United States that are inconsistent with either of these mechanisms. We propose that aluminum, mobilized in the mineral soil by acid deposition, is transported into the forest floor in a reactive form that reduces storage of Ca, and thus its availability for root uptake. This results in potential stress to trees and, by increasing the demand for Ca, also decreases neutralization of drainage waters, thereby leading to acidification of lakes and streams.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/378162a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Lawrence, G., David, M., and Shortle, W., 1995, A new mechanism for calcium loss in forest-floor soils: Nature, v. 378, no. 6554, p. 162-165, https://doi.org/10.1038/378162a0.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"162","endPage":"165","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226568,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine, New Hampshire, New York, Vermont","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.81139821146178,\n              41.976904710177735\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.2802424783358,\n              41.921621596916935\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.1715106085156,\n              40.79407527919547\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.29251711455471,\n              42.850257955491664\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.57770654436503,\n              42.65553052457847\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.60638992909391,\n              43.43169103892214\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.86006646177543,\n              44.60593697307479\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.64499297722698,\n              47.34141546851657\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.04427473056774,\n              47.82336454020606\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.3037999349875,\n              46.54637188101704\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.72947305780795,\n              45.213447153163\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.69173396027902,\n              45.0411677564464\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.91945380625381,\n              43.74283608094513\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.11868475702047,\n              43.75235616594216\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.99444661383374,\n              42.818565275393155\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.81139821146178,\n              41.976904710177735\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"378","issue":"6554","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4a7e4b0c8380cd467e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lawrence, G.B. 0000-0002-8035-2350","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-2350","contributorId":76347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"G.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"David, M.B.","contributorId":20089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"David","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shortle, W.C.","contributorId":20919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shortle","given":"W.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70048798,"text":"70048798 - 1995 - Historical Landsat data comparisons: illustrations of the Earth's changing surface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-02T05:49:32","indexId":"70048798","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-05T15:45:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Historical Landsat data comparisons: illustrations of the Earth's changing surface","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) EROS Data Center (EDC) has managed the Landsat data archive for more than two decades. This archive provides a rich collection of information about the Earth's land surface. Major changes to the surface of the planet can be detected, measured, and analyzed using Landsat data. The effects of desertification, deforestation, pollution, cataclysmic volcanic activity, and other natural and anthropogenic events can be examined using data acquired from the Landsat series of Earth-observing satellites. The information obtainable from the historical and current Landsat data play a key role in studying surface changes through time.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>This document provides an overview of the Landsat program and illustrates the application of the data to monitor changes occurring on the surface of the Earth. To reveal changes that have taken place within the past 20 years, pairs and triplicates of images were constructed from the Landsat multispectral scanner (MSS) and thematic mapper (TM) sensors. Landsat MSS data provide a historical record of the Earth's land surface from the early 1970's to the early 1990's. Landsat TM data provide land surface information from the early 1980's to the present.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70048798","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1995, Historical Landsat data comparisons: illustrations of the Earth's changing surface, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70048798.","productDescription":"45 p.","numberOfPages":"48","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287916,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287915,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70048798/report.pdf"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,-90.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"527a2187e4b051792d019547","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70234171,"text":"70234171 - 1995 - The Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake of January 17, 1995: Performance of lifelines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-02T16:24:09.752426","indexId":"70234171","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-03T10:50:11","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesNumber":"95-0015","title":"The Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake of January 17, 1995: Performance of lifelines","docAbstract":"<p>This report describes the damage to lifelines caused by the 1995 Hanshin-Awaji (Kobe) earthquake in Japan. It begins with a summary of the earthquake's seismological characteristics which is followed by separate chapters that focus on the performance of lifelines in&nbsp; the affected region. In order of presentation, individual chapters discuss the damage to: 1) electric power networks; 2) gas delivery&nbsp; systems; 3) hospitals (considered as a system composed of&nbsp; building/architectural components, as well as communication and&nbsp; support systems); 4) telecommunication systems; 5) transportation systems; and 6) water supply systems and wastewater systems. The transportation section includes three subsections: airport facilities, highways and bridges, and underground rapid transit systems. For each lifeline, an overview of the system is given, indicating the owner/operator, the location and extent of the service area, the number of households and industrial/commercial customers served. In addition to descriptions of the individual system, design criteria for the physical components of the individual systems are provided, including a comparison of the differences between the US and Japanese systems. The performance of each lifeline system is discussed with reference to seismic damage, emergency response, service interruption and restoration.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research","usgsCitation":"Ballantyne, D., Borcherdt, R.D., Buckle, I.G., O'Rourke, T., and Schiff, A.J., 1995, The Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake of January 17, 1995: Performance of lifelines, xxiv, 322 p.","productDescription":"xxiv, 322 p.","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":404667,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":404664,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.buffalo.edu/mceer/catalog.host.html/content/shared/www/mceer/publications/NCEER-95-0015.detail.html"}],"country":"Japan","state":"Hanshin","county":"Hyōgo Prefecture","city":"Kobe","otherGeospatial":"Awaji","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              133.758544921875,\n              33.8339199536547\n            ],\n            [\n              135.889892578125,\n              33.8339199536547\n            ],\n            [\n              135.889892578125,\n              35.016500995886005\n            ],\n            [\n              133.758544921875,\n              35.016500995886005\n            ],\n            [\n              133.758544921875,\n              33.8339199536547\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Shinozuka, M.","contributorId":294475,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shinozuka","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":848083,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Ballantyne, Donald","contributorId":294474,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ballantyne","given":"Donald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":848078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Borcherdt, Roger D. 0000-0002-8668-0849 borcherdt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8668-0849","contributorId":2373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borcherdt","given":"Roger","email":"borcherdt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":848079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buckle, Ian G.","contributorId":265705,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buckle","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":848080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O'Rourke, Thomas D.","contributorId":52243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Rourke","given":"Thomas D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":848081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schiff, Anshel J.","contributorId":58265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schiff","given":"Anshel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":848082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1014621,"text":"1014621 - 1995 - Estimating losses to predation of recently released American shad larvae in the Juniata River, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-27T16:42:25.884158","indexId":"1014621","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating losses to predation of recently released American shad larvae in the Juniata River, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"<p><span>Predation on recently released larval American shad&nbsp;</span><i>Alosa sapidissima</i><span>&nbsp;was quantified in the Juniata River, Pennsylvania, on 10 occasions during 1991 and 1992. Of the four sites examined (the stocking site and 100, 200, and 350 m downstream) predation on shad larvae was highest at the stocking site; 44% of the total estimated losses occurred within this 30-m zone. Percentage predation mortality was weakly and inversely related to the number of shad larvae released, and it ranged from 0 to 2.2% among sites. Overall percent mortality of larvae within the first 2 h of release was about 5% (range, 2–10%). Major predators included juvenile smallmouth bass&nbsp;</span><i>Micropterus dolomieu</i><span>, the spotfin shiner&nbsp;</span><i>Cyprinella spiloptera</i><span>, and the mimic shiner&nbsp;</span><i>Notropis volucellus</i><span>. Predation by these species varied among sites. Percent mortality of American shad larvae after nocturnal releases (0.17%) was significantly lower than after diurnal releases (1.18%). For most predators, the length of shad eaten increased with predator length. However, among predators of similar size, there were significant differences in the length of shad consumed. Estimated losses to predation were about equally divided among small (&lt;50 mm, 30%) medium (50–99 mm, 37%), and large (&gt;99 mm, 33%) predators. Because 30% of the estimated number of shad larvae lost to predation were eaten by predators less than 50 mm long, releasing slightly larger shad might reduce predation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(1995)015<0854:ELTPOR>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.H., and Ringler, N., 1995, Estimating losses to predation of recently released American shad larvae in the Juniata River, Pennsylvania: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 15, no. 4, p. 854-861, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1995)015<0854:ELTPOR>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"854","endPage":"861","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131998,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Juniata River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -78.08765958462843,\n              40.58494707731401\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.08765958462843,\n              40.386504575218964\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.01292109745076,\n              40.386504575218964\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.01292109745076,\n              40.58494707731401\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.08765958462843,\n              40.58494707731401\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc90b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, J. H.","contributorId":54914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ringler, N.H.","contributorId":6806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ringler","given":"N.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1003397,"text":"1003397 - 1995 - Largemouth bass response to habitat and water quality rehabilitation in a backwater of the upper Mississippi River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-27T17:01:44.289281","indexId":"1003397","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Largemouth bass response to habitat and water quality rehabilitation in a backwater of the upper Mississippi River","docAbstract":"<p><span>Severe sedimentation since lock and dam construction in the 1930s has reduced water depth in Upper and Lower Brownˈs lakes, a backwater complex in Pool 13 of the upper Mississippi River, and resulted in periods of chronic anoxia. This backwater complex was rehabilitated by construction of a deflection levee, installation of a water control structure, and excavation of canals through the area. Water quality variables inside and outside the project area, movement of radio-tagged largemouth bass in response to changing oxygen concentrations, and creel statistics were used to evaluate the success of the improvements. Turbidity was significantly less in the Brownˈs Lake complex than in the main channel. Oxygen concentrations were allowed to deteriorate to 3 ppm before the water control structures were opened during the winter; within 7 d, oxygen concentrations as high as 10 ppm were found in the top strata in most of the Brownˈs Lake complex. Chemical and thermal stratification observed in the dredge canal water column were caused by colder (32°F), highly oxygenated water from the main channel moving over denser, warmer (36–38°F) water in the dredge canals. Water in the dredge canals remained stratified until ice-out, with colder, oxygenated water in the surface stratum; warmer, but anoxic, water in the bottom stratum; and a mixture (3–7 ppm oxygen and 35–36°F) in the middle stratum. Fourteen radio-tagged largemouth bass&nbsp;</span><i>Micropterus salmoides</i><span>&nbsp;were located in the Brownˈs Lake complex in December before oxygen concentrations began to decline, Concurrent with oxygen declines, most radio-tagged fish exited the complex through a slough connected to the main channel and returned when the water control structure was opened and oxygen concentrations increased. Some radio-tagged largemouth bass moved 4 mi under ice to return to the complex. Estimated angler effort and catch increased 58 and 117%, respectively, in the Lower Brownˈs Lake–Lainesville Slough complex following rehabilitation. A 10-fold increase in angler effort and catch was estimated for Upper Brownˈs Lake after the project was completed.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(1995)015<0784:LBRTHA>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Gent, R., Pitlo, J., and Boland, T., 1995, Largemouth bass response to habitat and water quality rehabilitation in a backwater of the upper Mississippi River: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 15, no. 4, p. 784-793, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1995)015<0784:LBRTHA>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"784","endPage":"793","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134512,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","otherGeospatial":"Lower Brown Lake, Upper Brown Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.29405599738945,\n              42.173806423999736\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.29405599738945,\n              42.13274986118711\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.21576537301553,\n              42.13274986118711\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.21576537301553,\n              42.173806423999736\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.29405599738945,\n              42.173806423999736\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8ec4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gent, R.D.","contributorId":100348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gent","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pitlo, John Jr.","contributorId":83491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitlo","given":"John Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boland, T.","contributorId":98284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boland","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1001146,"text":"1001146 - 1995 - Climate response among growth increments of fish and trees","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-20T16:54:20.348869","indexId":"1001146","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate response among growth increments of fish and trees","docAbstract":"<p><span>Significant correlations were found among the annual growth increments of stream fish, trees, and climate variables in the Ozark region of the United States. The variation in annual growth increments of rock bass (</span><i>Ambloplites rupestris</i><span>) from the Jacks Fork River was significantly correlated over 22 years with the ring width of four tree species: white oak (</span><i>Quercus alba</i><span>), post oak (</span><i>Quercus stellata</i><span>), shortleaf pine (</span><i>Pinus echinata</i><span>) and eastern red cedar (</span><i>Juniperus virginiana</i><span>). Rock bass growth and tree growth were both significantly correlated with July rainfall and stream discharge. Variations in annual growth of smallmouth bass (</span><i>Micropterus dolomieu</i><span>) from four streams were significantly correlated over 29 years (1939–1968) with mean May maximum air temperature but not with tree growth. The magnitude and significance of correlations among growth increments from fish and trees imply that conditions such as topography, stream gradient, organism age, and the distribution of a population relative to its geographic range can influence the climatic response of an organism. The timing and intensity of climatic variables may produce different responses among closely related species.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1007/BF00328361","usgsCitation":"Guyette, R.P., and Rabeni, C.F., 1995, Climate response among growth increments of fish and trees: Oecologia, v. 104, no. 3, p. 272-279, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00328361.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"272","endPage":"279","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133900,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Ozark region","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.69689697692189,\n              38.44744532390001\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.69689697692189,\n              35.714906269677016\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.60335957582157,\n              35.714906269677016\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.60335957582157,\n              38.44744532390001\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.69689697692189,\n              38.44744532390001\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"104","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db634457","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guyette, Richard P.","contributorId":176595,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guyette","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rabeni, Charles F.","contributorId":34804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabeni","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70245171,"text":"70245171 - 1995 - Sea ice scouring on the inner shelf of the southeastern Canadian Beaufort Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-20T14:20:54.426814","indexId":"70245171","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T08:56:57","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sea ice scouring on the inner shelf of the southeastern Canadian Beaufort Sea","docAbstract":"<p><span>About 2200 ice scours were observed and analyzed over a distance of approximately 500 km on the inner shelf of the southeastern Canadian Beaufort Sea. Ice scours were divided into two types based on their morphology: multiple scours consisting of a series of parallel scours and ridges, and single scours. Single scours are the dominant type representing more than 85% of the total observations. The mean scour depth and width are 0.3 m and 11 m respectively, but scour depths of more than 2 m and a scour width up to 345 m were documented. The magnitude of ice scouring processes increases with water depth. In water depths less than 10 m, less than 25% of the seafloor surface is reworked by ice scours. This percentage increases significantly seaward of the 10 m isobath, being more than 75% in water depths in excess of 12 m. A break in the seabed slope at about 10 to 12 m water depth marks a boundary between a nearshore zone moderately influenced by ice processes and an outer zone affected by intense ice scouring. This morphological boundary could be due to intense erosion by the keels of pressure ice ridges at the inner edge of a zone of grounded ice ridges. Most of the observed ice scours appear to be reworked, especially in water depths of less than 10 m, and represent small-scale sediment sinks. Inshore of the 10 m isobath, scour reworking is believed to be mainly due to frequent bottom disturbance by wave orbital currents and mean near-bottom flows during the open water season. Scour orientations show that the dominant motion of ice during scouring events is east or west, which is subparallel to the bathymetric contours and coastline. Scour terminal push mounds, however, suggest a dominant east to southeast movement that may contribute to onshore sediment transport during ice push events.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(95)00095-G","usgsCitation":"Hequette, A., Desrosiers, M., and Barnes, P.W., 1995, Sea ice scouring on the inner shelf of the southeastern Canadian Beaufort Sea: Marine Geology, v. 128, no. 3-4, p. 201-219, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(95)00095-G.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"201","endPage":"219","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479200,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1258198","text":"External Repository"},{"id":418230,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","state":"Northwest Territories, Yukon","otherGeospatial":"Beaufort Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -141.03647929645314,\n              68.08659955534648\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.84605634257517,\n              68.08659955534648\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.84605634257517,\n              71.98916841649827\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.03647929645314,\n              71.98916841649827\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.03647929645314,\n              68.08659955534648\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"128","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hequette, Arnaud","contributorId":310471,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hequette","given":"Arnaud","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Desrosiers, Marc","contributorId":310472,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Desrosiers","given":"Marc","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barnes, Peter W.","contributorId":223441,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barnes","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70244261,"text":"70244261 - 1995 - Tilting history of the San Manuel-Kalamazoo porphyry system, southeastern Arizona: A reply","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-09T12:44:31.310284","indexId":"70244261","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T07:30:42","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tilting history of the San Manuel-Kalamazoo porphyry system, southeastern Arizona: A reply","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.90.7.2096","usgsCitation":"Dickinson, W.R., Force, E.R., and Hagstrum, J.T., 1995, Tilting history of the San Manuel-Kalamazoo porphyry system, southeastern Arizona: A reply: Economic Geology, v. 90, no. 7, p. 2096-2098, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.90.7.2096.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"2096","endPage":"2098","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":417961,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Black Hills, San Manuel Mining District","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.74573982332099,\n              32.725197673980745\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.74573982332099,\n              32.67245942192733\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.6724276331242,\n              32.67245942192733\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.6724276331242,\n              32.725197673980745\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.74573982332099,\n              32.725197673980745\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"90","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1995-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dickinson, William R.","contributorId":75064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickinson","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Force, Eric R.","contributorId":32916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Force","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hagstrum, Jonathan T. 0000-0002-0689-280X jhag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0689-280X","contributorId":3474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagstrum","given":"Jonathan","email":"jhag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":875064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":18789,"text":"ofr95269 - 1995 - Merging of analog and digital data in the Northern California Seismic Network, and characteristics of the principal seismic systems it employs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:35","indexId":"ofr95269","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-269","title":"Merging of analog and digital data in the Northern California Seismic Network, and characteristics of the principal seismic systems it employs","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr95269","usgsCitation":"Eaton, J.P., 1995, Merging of analog and digital data in the Northern California Seismic Network, and characteristics of the principal seismic systems it employs: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-269, 28 p. ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95269.","productDescription":"28 p. ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152512,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0269/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48159,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0269/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624ee1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eaton, Jerry P.","contributorId":22341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eaton","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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