Native woody riparian species, primarily plains cottonwood (Populus fremontii), are regenerating at less than historical rates along Boulder Creek, a regulated stream near Boulder, Colorado. Loss of native riparian habitats might cause a decline in numbers of some native wildlife species. Previous studies have indicated that streamflow regulation can adversely affect native riparian vegetation reproduction. Surface- and ground-water data were collected from September 1989 to September 1991 along a riparian section of Boulder Creek to assist ecologists in assessing woody plant-recruitment characteristics. Annual mean streamflows in Boulder Creek at Cottonwood Grove of 34.5 cubic feet per second for water year 1990 (October 1, 1989- September 30, 1990) and 34.1 cubic feet per second for water year 1991 were 53 percent less than a site on Boulder Creek about 5 miles upstream from the study area. Diversions dating from 1882 caused most of the decrease. The alluvial aquifer in the study area averaged 5 feet in thickness and consisted of gravel- to cobble-size particles derived from crystalline rock of Precambrian age. The direction of ground-water movement was similar to the direction of streamflow. Ground-water movement in the northeastern part of the grove was affected by a pond constructed at a lower elevation than the stream channel. Water levels in the alluvial aquifer adjacent to the stream pre- dominantly were affected by stream stage, whereas farther from the channel, ground-water levels were affected by other processes such as evapotrans- piration, infiltration, and recharge from urban runoff.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944111","usgsCitation":"Kimbrough, R., 1995, Hydrologic assessment of a riparian section along Boulder Creek near Boulder, Colorado, September 1989-September 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4111, iv, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944111.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414122,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48002.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":56858,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4111/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123945,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4111/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Boulder","otherGeospatial":"Boulder Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.2439,\n 40.0236\n ],\n [\n -105.2439,\n 40.0167\n ],\n [\n -105.2292,\n 40.0167\n ],\n [\n -105.2292,\n 40.0236\n ],\n [\n -105.2439,\n 40.0236\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db6116d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kimbrough, Robert","contributorId":101704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimbrough","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26529,"text":"wri954022 - 1995 - Synthesis of natural flows at selected sites in and near the Milk River basin, Montana, 1928-89","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:30","indexId":"wri954022","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4022","title":"Synthesis of natural flows at selected sites in and near the Milk River basin, Montana, 1928-89","docAbstract":"Natural monthly streamflows were synthesized for the years 1928-89 at 2 sites in the St. Mary River Basin and 11 sites in the Milk River Basin in north- central Montana. The sites are represented as nodes in a streamflow accounting model being developed by the Bureau of Reclamation for the Milk River Basin. Recorded flows at most sites have been affected by human activities, including reservoir storage and irrigation diversions. The flows at the model nodes were corrected for the effects of these activities to obtain synthesized flows. The synthesized flows at nodes with seasonal and short-term records were extended using a statistical technique. The methods of synthesis varied, depending on upstream activities and information available. Flows at sites in the St. Mary River Basin and at the Milk River at Eastern Crossing of International Boundary pre- viously had been synthesized. The flows at mainstem sites downstream from the Milk River at Eastern Crossing were synthesized by adding synthesized natural runoff from intervening drainage areas to natural flows for Milk River at Eastern Crossing. Natural runoff from intervening drainage areas was estimated by multiplying recorded flows at selected index gaging stations on tributary streams by the ratio of the intervening drainage area to the combined drainage area of the index stations. The recorded flows for Milk River at Western Crossing of International Boundary and for Peoples Creek near Dodson, Montana, were assumed to be natural flows. The synthesized annual flows at the mouth of the Milk River compared favorably with the recorded flows near the mouth when the effects of upstream irrigation were considered.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri954022","usgsCitation":"Cary, L.E., and Parrett, C., 1995, Synthesis of natural flows at selected sites in and near the Milk River basin, Montana, 1928-89: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4022, iv, 42 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954022.","productDescription":"iv, 42 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158162,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4022/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55391,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4022/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adfe4b07f02db6879a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cary, L. E.","contributorId":47369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cary","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parrett, Charles","contributorId":9635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrett","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28013,"text":"wri944074 - 1995 - Hydrogeology and ground-water quality in the Black Belt area of west-central Alabama, and estimated water use for aquaculture, 1990","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-22T13:17:58","indexId":"wri944074","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4074","title":"Hydrogeology and ground-water quality in the Black Belt area of west-central Alabama, and estimated water use for aquaculture, 1990","docAbstract":"Commercial production of catfish in west-central Alabama began about 1970, and by 1991 catfish ponds covered about 16,000 acres in the Black Belt area of the State. The rapid increase in catfish farming or aquaculture and the associated demand for ground water led the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with other Federal and State agencies in 1990 to initiate a study to better define the ground-water resources in the Black Belt area.
The major aquifers in the study area are sand and gravel beds in the Eutaw, Gordo, and Coker Formations. Recharge to these aquifers occurs primarily in areas where those formations crop out. The average recharge to the major aquifers in the study area, as estimated from baseflow analysis of streams in the outcrop area, is 11.4 inches per year.
Water from the major aquifers in the study area generally is of good quality and suitable for most uses. Water from the Eutaw aquifer, however, contains chloride in concentrations greater than 500 milligrams per liter in central Greene County and in downdip areas in Marengo and Wilcox Counties and is not suitable for public water supply. Some ground water with elevated chloride concentrations is used for catfish farming in these areas, however.
The total estimated water use for aquaculture in the study area in 1990 was 21.83 million gallons per day, 16.08 million gallons per day from ground-water sources, and 5.75 million gallons per day from surface water sources. About 13.54 million gallons per day of water was used for filling catfish ponds and an additional 8.29 million gallons per day was used to replace evaporation losses.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944074","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture Soil and Conversation Service and the Alabama Department of Economic and Community Affairs","usgsCitation":"Kidd, R.E., and Lambeth, D.S., 1995, Hydrogeology and ground-water quality in the Black Belt area of west-central Alabama, and estimated water use for aquaculture, 1990: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4074, Report: v, 52 p.; 3 Plates: 17.22 x 18.21 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944074.","productDescription":"Report: v, 52 p.; 3 Plates: 17.22 x 18.21 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":56840,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4074/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":352736,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4074/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":352737,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4074/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":352738,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4074/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124350,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4074/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.4,\n 32.0\n ],\n [\n -87,\n 32.0\n ],\n [\n -87,\n 33.25\n ],\n [\n -88.4,\n 33.25\n ],\n [\n -88.4,\n 32.0\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db627552","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kidd, Robert E.","contributorId":21523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kidd","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lambeth, Darrell S. dlambeth@usgs.gov","contributorId":5082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambeth","given":"Darrell","email":"dlambeth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":199067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27488,"text":"wri944040 - 1995 - Hydrogeology and geochemistry of acid mine drainage in ground water in the vicinity of Penn Mine and Camanche Reservoir, Calaveras County, California: First-year summary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-03T19:16:44.087572","indexId":"wri944040","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4040","title":"Hydrogeology and geochemistry of acid mine drainage in ground water in the vicinity of Penn Mine and Camanche Reservoir, Calaveras County, California: First-year summary","docAbstract":"Acid drainage from the Penn Mine in Calaveras County, California, has caused contamination of ground water between Mine Run Dam and Camanche Reservoir. The Penn Mine was first developed in the 1860's primarily for copper and later produced lesser amounts of zinc, lead, silver, and gold from steeply dipping massive sulfide lenses in metamorphic rocks. Surface disposal of sulfidic waste rock and tailings from mine operations has produced acidic drainage with pH values between 2.3 and 2.7 and elevated concentrations of sulfate and metals, including copper, zinc, cadmium, iron, and aluminum. During the mine's operation and after its subsequent abandonment in the late 1950's, acid mine drainage flowed down Mine Run into the Mokelumne River. Construction of Camanche Dam in 1963 flooded part of the Mokelumne River adjacent to Penn Mine. Surface-water diversions and unlined impoundments were constructed at Penn Mine in 1979 to reduce runoff from the mine, collect contaminated surface water, and enhance evaporation. Some of the contaminated surface water infiltrates the ground water and flows toward Camanche Reservoir.
Ground- water flow in the study area is controlled by the local hydraulic gradient and the hydraulic characteristics of two principal rock types, a Jurassic metavolcanic unit and the underlying Salt Spring slate. The hydraulic gradient is west from Mine Run impoundment toward Camanche Reservoir. The median hydraulic conductivity was about 10 to 50 times higher in the metavolcanic rock (0.1 foot per day) than in the slate (0.002 to 0.01 foot per day); most flow occurs in the metavolcanic rock where hydraulic conductivity is as high as 50 feet per day in two locations. The contact between the two rock units is a fault plane that strikes N20?W, dips 20?NE, and is a likely conduit for ground-water flow, based on down-hole measurements with a heatpulse flowmeter.
Analyses of water samples collected during April 1992 provide a comprehensive characterization of ground water below Mine Run Dam at the Penn Mine. Specific conductance of the samples ranged from 1,810 to 18,000 microsiemens per centimeter. pH values of sampled ground water ranged from 3.7 to 7.8. Dissolved constituents in ground water ranged from less than 0.010 to 86 milligrams per liter for copper, from less than 0.010 to 240 milligrams per liter for iron, from less than 0.01 to 250 milligrams per liter for aluminum, and from 0.020 to 600 milligrams per liter for zinc. A contaminated ground-water plume appears to originate in the metavolcanic unit along the north abutment of Mine Run Dam. The plume is characterized by low pH, high concentrations of sulfate and dissolved metals, and enrichment of the heavy stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen. Dissolved iron and sulfate correlate positively, suggesting pyrite as the probable source of these elements. The concentrations of some dissolved constituents apparently are controlled by equilibrium with solid mineral phases. Poorly crystalline hydrous ferric oxide and microcrystalline gibbsite are close to saturation in ground water with pH values between 4 and 7.8 and probably control the solubility of Fe3+ and Al3+, respectively.
Using a range of bulk hydraulic conductivity values for the metavolcanic unit from the median value (0.1 foot per day) to the highest values (50 feet per day), together with a representative cross-sectional area (3,000 square feet) for the contaminated ground-water plume and a hydraulic gradient of 0.14 from August 1992, the following range in ground-water flow rates is estimated by Darcy's law: 42 to 21,000 cubic feet per day, or 105 to 5x107 gallons per year. Multiplying this estimated range in ground-water flow by representative metal concentrations from the contaminated plume gives the following estimates for annual metal transport to Camanche Reservoir by ground water: 86 to 42,000 pounds of copper; 310 to 150,000 pounds of zinc; and 1.5 to 750 pounds of cadmium.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri944040","usgsCitation":"Hamlin, S.N., and Alpers, C.N., 1995, Hydrogeology and geochemistry of acid mine drainage in ground water in the vicinity of Penn Mine and Camanche Reservoir, Calaveras County, California: First-year summary: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4040, v, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944040.","productDescription":"v, 45 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121640,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4040/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56339,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4040/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":395392,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47945.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Calaveras County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-120.0169,38.4363],[-120.0262,38.4263],[-120.0303,38.4249],[-120.0338,38.4235],[-120.0391,38.4253],[-120.0473,38.4198],[-120.0572,38.4171],[-120.0725,38.4107],[-120.0853,38.4043],[-120.0929,38.4002],[-120.1187,38.3978],[-120.131,38.3936],[-120.1533,38.3858],[-120.1754,38.368],[-120.187,38.3543],[-120.2009,38.333],[-120.2131,38.3211],[-120.2219,38.317],[-120.2352,38.2983],[-120.255,38.2828],[-120.2637,38.2732],[-120.2666,38.2705],[-120.2694,38.265],[-120.2775,38.2532],[-120.2833,38.2482],[-120.2868,38.245],[-120.2891,38.2404],[-120.2902,38.2345],[-120.3042,38.2263],[-120.3105,38.2167],[-120.3221,38.1994],[-120.3325,38.1885],[-120.3359,38.183],[-120.3394,38.1794],[-120.3405,38.1753],[-120.3405,38.1707],[-120.3504,38.1679],[-120.355,38.1607],[-120.359,38.1557],[-120.3678,38.1511],[-120.3701,38.1483],[-120.367,38.1384],[-120.3775,38.1315],[-120.3815,38.1265],[-120.3849,38.1156],[-120.3936,38.1087],[-120.3988,38.1073],[-120.4087,38.1023],[-120.4086,38.0928],[-120.4143,38.0791],[-120.4294,38.0708],[-120.4287,38.0681],[-120.4316,38.064],[-120.4357,38.0613],[-120.4414,38.0526],[-120.4437,38.0472],[-120.4454,38.0453],[-120.4535,38.0358],[-120.454,38.0326],[-120.4609,38.0225],[-120.4661,38.018],[-120.4631,38.013],[-120.4654,38.0103],[-120.4683,38.0103],[-120.4771,38.0102],[-120.4888,38.011],[-120.4946,38.0096],[-120.4963,38.0064],[-120.5014,37.9937],[-120.5101,37.9918],[-120.5131,37.9958],[-120.5115,38.0036],[-120.519,38.0026],[-120.5236,37.9948],[-120.5317,37.9916],[-120.5346,37.9898],[-120.5275,37.983],[-120.5398,37.9811],[-120.5385,37.9766],[-120.5326,37.9744],[-120.5286,37.9762],[-120.5232,37.9695],[-120.5149,37.9596],[-120.509,37.956],[-120.5183,37.9518],[-120.5241,37.9477],[-120.5346,37.9449],[-120.5415,37.9358],[-120.5384,37.9267],[-120.5418,37.9213],[-120.5511,37.9198],[-120.5633,37.9138],[-120.5661,37.902],[-120.5701,37.897],[-120.577,37.8942],[-120.5841,37.896],[-120.5893,37.8927],[-120.5968,37.8868],[-120.5961,37.8832],[-120.6042,37.8772],[-120.6053,37.8727],[-120.6204,37.8689],[-120.6348,37.8606],[-120.6381,37.847],[-120.6428,37.8456],[-120.6439,37.841],[-120.6542,37.8323],[-120.7258,37.8987],[-120.9259,38.0779],[-120.9383,38.0886],[-120.9926,38.2244],[-120.9796,38.2209],[-120.9708,38.2183],[-120.9678,38.2188],[-120.9533,38.2244],[-120.9475,38.2249],[-120.9316,38.2206],[-120.9235,38.227],[-120.9083,38.229],[-120.9047,38.225],[-120.9,38.2218],[-120.8899,38.2197],[-120.8895,38.2251],[-120.8837,38.2279],[-120.8796,38.2316],[-120.878,38.2389],[-120.8629,38.2449],[-120.8559,38.2459],[-120.8536,38.2518],[-120.8508,38.2587],[-120.8439,38.2646],[-120.8392,38.2656],[-120.8247,38.273],[-120.8184,38.2808],[-120.809,38.279],[-120.8079,38.2831],[-120.805,38.2886],[-120.7904,38.2888],[-120.7786,38.2871],[-120.7757,38.2867],[-120.7634,38.289],[-120.7552,38.2878],[-120.7483,38.2987],[-120.7397,38.3065],[-120.7297,38.308],[-120.7262,38.3089],[-120.7117,38.3145],[-120.7005,38.3169],[-120.6918,38.3179],[-120.6883,38.3188],[-120.6854,38.3206],[-120.6802,38.3248],[-120.665,38.3322],[-120.6586,38.3322],[-120.655,38.3318],[-120.6422,38.3356],[-120.6393,38.3383],[-120.6305,38.3397],[-120.6276,38.3434],[-120.6265,38.3498],[-120.626,38.3516],[-120.626,38.3538],[-120.6202,38.3571],[-120.6145,38.3662],[-120.611,38.3716],[-120.6152,38.3761],[-120.6125,38.388],[-120.6119,38.3893],[-120.6073,38.3957],[-120.5991,38.3989],[-120.5827,38.4],[-120.5774,38.401],[-120.5722,38.4028],[-120.5687,38.4074],[-120.5694,38.4123],[-120.5623,38.4151],[-120.5542,38.4175],[-120.5407,38.4217],[-120.5342,38.4181],[-120.5313,38.419],[-120.5196,38.4223],[-120.515,38.4282],[-120.508,38.4333],[-120.504,38.4401],[-120.5005,38.4437],[-120.4964,38.4447],[-120.4923,38.4447],[-120.4893,38.4452],[-120.4864,38.4461],[-120.4841,38.4462],[-120.4788,38.4471],[-120.4711,38.4458],[-120.4635,38.4486],[-120.4548,38.4518],[-120.453,38.4532],[-120.4501,38.455],[-120.4472,38.4569],[-120.4454,38.4582],[-120.4367,38.4633],[-120.4355,38.4637],[-120.4344,38.4651],[-120.4308,38.4674],[-120.425,38.4697],[-120.4203,38.472],[-120.4139,38.4712],[-120.4091,38.4671],[-120.3938,38.4659],[-120.3879,38.4636],[-120.3838,38.4619],[-120.3796,38.4605],[-120.3738,38.4624],[-120.3673,38.4642],[-120.3603,38.4666],[-120.3491,38.4644],[-120.3438,38.4653],[-120.3397,38.4663],[-120.3345,38.4667],[-120.3291,38.465],[-120.3151,38.4705],[-120.3098,38.4714],[-120.2981,38.4729],[-120.2946,38.4747],[-120.2846,38.4743],[-120.2787,38.4762],[-120.2629,38.4799],[-120.2553,38.4877],[-120.2465,38.4859],[-120.2424,38.4859],[-120.2324,38.4901],[-120.2195,38.4938],[-120.2072,38.502],[-120.1902,38.4989],[-120.1813,38.4962],[-120.1684,38.4954],[-120.1572,38.4946],[-120.1496,38.4946],[-120.1413,38.4969],[-120.1284,38.4956],[-120.1178,38.4966],[-120.1137,38.4975],[-120.1079,38.5048],[-120.0985,38.5053],[-120.0938,38.5076],[-120.0885,38.5067],[-120.0727,38.5117],[-120.072,38.5013],[-120.0719,38.4936],[-120.0727,38.4478],[-120.0528,38.4534],[-120.0169,38.4363]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Calaveras\",\"state\":\"CA\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db626fa9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamlin, S. N.","contributorId":46560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamlin","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":198204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29380,"text":"wri954033 - 1995 - A strategy for delineating the area of ground-water contribution to wells completed in fractured bedrock aquifers in Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-19T11:38:13","indexId":"wri954033","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4033","title":"A strategy for delineating the area of ground-water contribution to wells completed in fractured bedrock aquifers in Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Delineating a contributing area to a well completed in a fractured bedrock aquifer in Pennsylvania is difficult because the hydrogeologic characteristics of fractured rocks are extremely complex. Because of this complexity, a single method or technique to delineate a contributing area will not be applicable for all wells completed in fractured-bedrock aquifers. Therefore, a strategy for refining the understanding of boundary conditions and major heterogeneities that control ground-water flow and sources of water to a supply well is suggested.\r\n\r\n The strategy is based on developing and refining a conceptual model for the sources of water to the well. Specifically, the strategy begins with an initial conceptual model of the ground-water-flow system, then requires the collection of hydrogeologic information to refine the conceptual model in a stepwise manner from one or more of sic categories: (1) hydrogeologic mapping, (2) water-level and streamflow measurements, (3) geochemistry, (4) geophysics and borehole flowmetering, (5) aquifer testing, and (6) tracer testing.\r\n\r\n During the refinement process, the applicability of treating the fratured-rock aquifer as a hydrologic continuum is evaluated, and the contributing area is delineated. Choice of the method used to delineate the contributing area is less important than insuring that the method is consistent with the refined conceptual model. By use of such a strategy, the improved understanding of the ground-water-flow system will lead to a technically defensible delineation of the contributing area.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri954033","usgsCitation":"Risser, D.W., and Barton, G.J., 1995, A strategy for delineating the area of ground-water contribution to wells completed in fractured bedrock aquifers in Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4033, vi, 30 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954033.","productDescription":"vi, 30 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122616,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4033/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58225,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4033/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a62e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Risser, D. W.","contributorId":48211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risser","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barton, G. J.","contributorId":58660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":19920,"text":"ofr95572 - 1995 - Selected bibliography of Appalachian coalbed methane","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:42","indexId":"ofr95572","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-572","title":"Selected bibliography of Appalachian coalbed methane","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr95572","usgsCitation":"Lyons, P., and Ryder, R., 1995, Selected bibliography of Appalachian coalbed methane: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-572, 23 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95572.","productDescription":"23 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153249,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0572/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49427,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0572/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fa6e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lyons, Paul C.","contributorId":79894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"Paul C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ryder, Robert T.","contributorId":77918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryder","given":"Robert T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":33114,"text":"b1904U - 1995 - Precambrian crustal blocks in Minnesota: Neodymium isotope evidence from basement and metasedimentary rocks","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":33114,"text":"b1904U - 1995 - Precambrian crustal blocks in Minnesota: Neodymium isotope evidence from basement and metasedimentary rocks","indexId":"b1904U","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"chapter":"U","title":"Precambrian crustal blocks in Minnesota: Neodymium isotope evidence from basement and metasedimentary rocks"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33170,"text":"b1904 - 1990 - Contributions to Precambrian geology of Lake Superior region","indexId":"b1904","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"title":"Contributions to Precambrian geology of Lake Superior region"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":33170,"text":"b1904 - 1990 - Contributions to Precambrian geology of Lake Superior region","indexId":"b1904","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"title":"Contributions to Precambrian geology of Lake Superior region"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-21T22:31:44.799275","indexId":"b1904U","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1904","chapter":"U","title":"Precambrian crustal blocks in Minnesota: Neodymium isotope evidence from basement and metasedimentary rocks","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Precambrian geology of Lake Superior region (Bulletin 1904)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3133/b1904U","usgsCitation":"Hemming, S.R., Hanson, G.N., and McLennan, S.M., 1995, Precambrian crustal blocks in Minnesota: Neodymium isotope evidence from basement and metasedimentary rocks: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1904, iii, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1904U.","productDescription":"iii, 15 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":60913,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1904u/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":161392,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1904u/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":410904,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22110.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.267,\n 47\n ],\n [\n -96.667,\n 47\n ],\n [\n -96.667,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -92.267,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -92.267,\n 47\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad1e4b07f02db681135","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hemming, S. R.","contributorId":71225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemming","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanson, G. N.","contributorId":81152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McLennan, S. M.","contributorId":96733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLennan","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70185316,"text":"70185316 - 1995 - Use of a reactive gas transport model to determine rates of hydrocarbon biodegradation in unsaturated porous media","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T10:06:58","indexId":"70185316","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of a reactive gas transport model to determine rates of hydrocarbon biodegradation in unsaturated porous media","docAbstract":"A mathematical model is presented that simulates the transport and reaction of any number of gaseous phase constituents (e.g. CO2, O2, N2, and hydrocarbons) in unsaturated porous media. The model was developed as part of a method to determine rates of hydrocarbon biodegradation associated with natural cleansing at petroleum product spill sites. The one-dimensional model can be applied to analyze data from column experiments or from field sites where gas transport in the unsaturated zone is approximately vertical. A coupled, non-Fickian constitutive relation between fluxes and concentration gradients, together with the capability of incorporating heterogeneity with respect to model parameters, results in model applicability over a wide range of experimental and field conditions. When applied in a calibration mode, the model allows for the determination of constituent production/consumption rates as a function of the spatial coordinate. Alternatively, the model can be applied in a predictive mode to obtain the distribution of constituent concentrations and fluxes on the basis of assumed values of model parameters and a biodegradation hypothesis. Data requirements for the model are illustrated by analyzing data from a column experiment designed to determine the aerobic degradation rate of toluene in sediments collected from a gasoline spill site in Galloway Township, New Jersey.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/95WR02077","usgsCitation":"Baehr, A.L., and Baker, R.J., 1995, Use of a reactive gas transport model to determine rates of hydrocarbon biodegradation in unsaturated porous media: Water Resources Research, v. 31, no. 11, p. 2877-2882, https://doi.org/10.1029/95WR02077.","productDescription":"6 p. ","startPage":"2877","endPage":"2882","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337859,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d0ea1ee4b0236b68f67397","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baehr, Arthur L.","contributorId":104523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baehr","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baker, Ronald J. rbaker@usgs.gov","contributorId":1436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"Ronald","email":"rbaker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185714,"text":"70185714 - 1995 - Evaluation of lipid-containing semipermeable membrane devices for monitoring organochlorine contaminants in the Upper Mississippi river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-28T10:30:11","indexId":"70185714","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of lipid-containing semipermeable membrane devices for monitoring organochlorine contaminants in the Upper Mississippi river","docAbstract":"Organochlorine contaminants sequestered in lipid-containing semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) were compared to those found in tangential-flow ultrafilter permeates as part of a pilot study at 10 sites in the Upper Mississippi River system. Caged and feral fish from three primary sites were also analyzed for comparison. Concentrated organochlorine (OC) compounds were readily extracted from the SPMDs by dialysis into hexane, and samples were analyzed by gas chromatography-negative chemical ionization-mass spectrometry. Fish and water samples were processed by conventional methods. Reasonable agreement was found between analyte SPMD-derived water concentrations and measured values of ultrafilter permeates; however, concentrations of the same analytes in caged fish did not appear to be proportional to water concentrations derived from SPMDs and ultrafilter permeates. The greatest number of OC compounds was detected in SPMDs; fewer were detected in caged fish and feral fish.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620141109","usgsCitation":"Ellis, G.S., Rostad, C.E., Huckins, J.N., Schmitt, C.J., and MacCarthy, P., 1995, Evaluation of lipid-containing semipermeable membrane devices for monitoring organochlorine contaminants in the Upper Mississippi river: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 14, no. 11, p. 1875-1884, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620141109.","productDescription":"10 p. ","startPage":"1875","endPage":"1884","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338448,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Upper Mississippi River ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.65917968749999,\n 39.172658670429946\n ],\n [\n -90.81298828125,\n 39.14710270770074\n ],\n [\n -90.758056640625,\n 38.94232097947902\n ],\n [\n -90.560302734375,\n 38.8225909761771\n ],\n [\n -90.362548828125,\n 38.89103282648846\n ],\n [\n -90.186767578125,\n 38.85682013474361\n ],\n [\n -90.10986328125,\n 38.976492485539396\n ],\n [\n -90.439453125,\n 39.01064750994083\n ],\n [\n -90.615234375,\n 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cerostad@usgs.gov","contributorId":833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rostad","given":"Colleen","email":"cerostad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":686508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huckins, James N.","contributorId":83454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huckins","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":686509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schmitt, Christopher J. 0000-0001-6804-2360 cjschmitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6804-2360","contributorId":491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"Christopher","email":"cjschmitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"MacCarthy, Patrick","contributorId":29027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacCarthy","given":"Patrick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":29817,"text":"wri954038 - 1995 - Geology and hydrogeology of Naval Air Station Chase Field and Naval Auxiliary Landing Field Goliad, Bee and Goliad counties, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-16T14:48:34","indexId":"wri954038","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4038","title":"Geology and hydrogeology of Naval Air Station Chase Field and Naval Auxiliary Landing Field Goliad, Bee and Goliad counties, Texas","docAbstract":"The geologic formations that crop out near Naval Air Station Chase Field and Naval Auxiliary Landing Field Goliad military bases consist of fluvial to fluvial-deltaic sediments of Tertiary and Quaternary age. These formations include the Fleming and Goliad Formations of Miocene age, Lissie Formation of Pleistocene age, fluvial terrace deposits of Pleistocene to Holocene age, and alluvium of Holocene age. The lithology of these formations consists of sand, sandstone, silt, and clay, with lesser amounts of gravel and caliche in the outcrops.
\nThe freshwater aquifers underlying the study area are the unconfined Evangeline (watertable) aquifer, comprising the upper sandy parts of the Fleming Formation and Goliad Formation, and confined Fleming aquifers, comprising the thick sandstone beds of the Fleming Formation. Both military bases withdraw potable water from one of the confined aquifers. At Naval Air Station Chase Field, the transmissivity and storativity of the confined aquifer where the base withdraws its public water supply are 1,060 feet squared per day and 1.2x10-4, respectively, as computed from the results of a 74-hour constant-discharge aquifer test. Selected water-quality field measurements of specific conductance, pH, and temperature indicate that each of the three aquifers at Naval Air Station Chase Field are somewhat insulated from one another by the intervening confining units.
\nLarge vertical hydraulic-head gradients are present between the unconfined Evangeline aquifer and confined Fleming aquifers at Naval Air Station Chase Field and Naval Auxiliary Landing Field Goliad. These gradients, together with the results of the aquifer test at Naval Air Station Chase Field and assumed characteristics of the confining units, indicate that downward flow of ground water probably occurs from the water-table aquifer to the underlying aquifers. The rate of downward flow between the two confined Fleming aquifers (from A-sand to B-sand) can be approximated using an estimate of vertical hydraulic conductivity of the intervening confining unit obtained from assumed storage characteristics and data from the aquifer test. Under the relatively high vertical hydraulic-head gradient induced by the aquifer test, ground-water movement from the A-sand aquifer to the B-sand aquifer could require about 490 years; and about 730 years under the natural gradient. Future increases in ground-water withdrawals from the B-sand aquifer might increase downward flow in the aquifer system of the study area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri954038","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Navy, Navy Facilities Engineering Command, Southern Division, Charleston, South Carolina","usgsCitation":"Snyder, G.L., 1995, Geology and hydrogeology of Naval Air Station Chase Field and Naval Auxiliary Landing Field Goliad, Bee and Goliad counties, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4038, iv, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954038.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126640,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4038/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58620,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4038/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Bee County, Goliad County","otherGeospatial":"Naval Air Station Chase Field and Naval Auxiliary Landing Field Goliad","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-97.3742,28.3879],[-97.5355,28.1613],[-97.5607,28.1256],[-97.8084,28.1788],[-98.0167,28.5323],[-98.0894,28.6599],[-98.0037,28.6896],[-97.9189,28.7187],[-97.9127,28.7168],[-97.9035,28.7116],[-97.8999,28.7092],[-97.8989,28.7073],[-97.8995,28.7055],[-97.8975,28.7032],[-97.8954,28.7013],[-97.8913,28.6998],[-97.8795,28.6932],[-97.8682,28.6902],[-97.8641,28.6874],[-97.8637,28.6841],[-97.859,28.6845],[-97.8538,28.6839],[-97.8461,28.6824],[-97.8353,28.679],[-97.8291,28.6761],[-97.8276,28.6742],[-97.8267,28.6715],[-97.7929,28.6721],[-97.7882,28.6716],[-97.7847,28.6688],[-97.7812,28.6646],[-97.7743,28.669],[-97.7706,28.6717],[-97.5693,28.8157],[-97.4199,28.9233],[-97.4126,28.9241],[-97.4074,28.923],[-97.4043,28.9216],[-97.4044,28.9183],[-97.403,28.9146],[-97.403,28.9133],[-97.4015,28.9123],[-97.3994,28.9127],[-97.3973,28.9136],[-97.3957,28.9154],[-97.3951,28.9172],[-97.3894,28.9162],[-97.3853,28.9156],[-97.3832,28.9142],[-97.3833,28.9123],[-97.385,28.9087],[-97.385,28.9064],[-97.3588,28.8966],[-97.3557,28.8951],[-97.3553,28.8928],[-97.3538,28.8914],[-97.3527,28.8909],[-97.3506,28.8913],[-97.3464,28.8931],[-97.3417,28.8939],[-97.3381,28.8924],[-97.3305,28.8876],[-97.3264,28.8848],[-97.3249,28.8829],[-97.325,28.8811],[-97.3261,28.8792],[-97.3277,28.8765],[-97.3288,28.8743],[-97.3289,28.8729],[-97.3273,28.8719],[-97.3242,28.8718],[-97.3211,28.8727],[-97.319,28.8736],[-97.3174,28.874],[-97.3164,28.8735],[-97.3164,28.8717],[-97.317,28.8698],[-97.3145,28.8661],[-97.3068,28.8622],[-97.3033,28.8585],[-97.3018,28.8557],[-97.303,28.8525],[-97.3052,28.8484],[-97.3068,28.8462],[-97.3049,28.842],[-97.2997,28.8414],[-97.2856,28.8447],[-97.2725,28.8453],[-97.2653,28.8433],[-97.2606,28.8436],[-97.259,28.8459],[-97.2594,28.8491],[-97.2599,28.8514],[-97.2592,28.8541],[-97.2571,28.8559],[-97.2503,28.8562],[-97.2447,28.8538],[-97.239,28.8532],[-97.2364,28.8545],[-97.2383,28.8582],[-97.2419,28.861],[-97.2423,28.8629],[-97.2412,28.8642],[-97.2324,28.8649],[-97.2196,28.8586],[-97.215,28.8567],[-97.2084,28.8519],[-97.2074,28.8487],[-97.2024,28.8426],[-97.1968,28.8383],[-97.1923,28.8359],[-97.1919,28.8308],[-97.1911,28.8225],[-97.1945,28.8148],[-97.1861,28.8022],[-97.1792,28.7905],[-97.1731,28.7858],[-97.168,28.7843],[-97.1634,28.7819],[-97.163,28.7777],[-97.1647,28.775],[-97.1659,28.7691],[-97.1672,28.7604],[-97.1675,28.7535],[-97.1681,28.7498],[-97.1693,28.7471],[-97.1714,28.7449],[-97.1741,28.7431],[-97.1767,28.7413],[-97.1773,28.739],[-97.1779,28.7372],[-97.1769,28.7358],[-97.1738,28.7357],[-97.1717,28.7352],[-97.1692,28.7324],[-97.1699,28.7292],[-97.1711,28.7085],[-97.1759,28.5943],[-97.1709,28.5914],[-97.1632,28.5884],[-97.1586,28.5851],[-97.1566,28.5832],[-97.1572,28.5823],[-97.1582,28.5814],[-97.1613,28.5819],[-97.1624,28.582],[-97.164,28.5788],[-97.1647,28.5747],[-97.1648,28.5719],[-97.1623,28.5686],[-97.1586,28.5708],[-97.1581,28.5704],[-97.1593,28.5663],[-97.161,28.5622],[-97.1601,28.5576],[-97.1566,28.552],[-97.1516,28.5468],[-97.3477,28.4088],[-97.3631,28.3973],[-97.3742,28.3879]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Bee\",\"state\":\"TX\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4670","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, G. L.","contributorId":34505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29721,"text":"wri934073 - 1995 - Geohydrology, ground-water availability, and ground-water quality of Berkeley County, West Virginia, with emphasis on the carbonate-rock area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:01","indexId":"wri934073","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4073","title":"Geohydrology, ground-water availability, and ground-water quality of Berkeley County, West Virginia, with emphasis on the carbonate-rock area","docAbstract":"Berkeley County is underlain by carbonate rocks, upon which karst topography has developed, and by noncarbonate rocks. Ground-water levels tend to follow seasonal trends, and fluctuate more in carbonate areas than in noncarbonate areas. Well yields of greater than 100 gallons per minute are possible from the carbonate rocks, but are unlikely from the noncarbonate rocks. The largest springs, which yield more than 2,000 gallons per minute, are located in the carbonate rocks and are typically on or near faults or the limestone-shale contacts. Ground-water-flow velocities in the carbonate rocks ranged from 32 to 1,879 feet per day. Recharge was estimated to be about 10 inches per year for a 60-square-mile area of carbonate rocks. Specific yield for carbonate rocks ranged from 0.044 to 0.049. Estimated transmissivity values for carbonate rocks ranged from 730 to 9,140 feet squared per day. Concentrations of the following constituents exceeded the maximum and secondary maximum contaminant levels set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in ground water from at least one site: iron, manganese, nitrate, fecal coliform and fecal streptococcal bacteria, pH, total dissolved solids, and chloride. Analyses of the ground water indicated that the following organochlorine and organophosphate insecticides were present in detectable concentrations: chlordane, DDE, DDT, diazinon, dieldrin, endosulfan, endrin, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, and malathion. Triazine herbicides that were present in detectable concentrations were atrazine, cyanazine, and simazine. Radon concentrations ranged from 92 to 1,600 picocuries per liter. Ground water from four springs in the carbonate rocks was analyzed for 36 volatile organic compounds. None of the compounds were present in detectable concentrations.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S. Geological Survey, Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri934073","usgsCitation":"Shultz, R., Hobba, W., and Kozar, M., 1995, Geohydrology, ground-water availability, and ground-water quality of Berkeley County, West Virginia, with emphasis on the carbonate-rock area: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4073, vi, 88 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934073.","productDescription":"vi, 88 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123668,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4073/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58533,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4073/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b20e4b07f02db6abbaa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shultz, R.A.","contributorId":27442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shultz","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hobba, W.A. Jr.","contributorId":77518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hobba","given":"W.A.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kozar, M.D.","contributorId":67544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kozar","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":18564,"text":"ofr95343 - 1995 - Overview of environmental and hydrogeologic conditions at Bettles Field, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:31","indexId":"ofr95343","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-343","title":"Overview of environmental and hydrogeologic conditions at Bettles Field, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95343","usgsCitation":"Cowan, J.R., 1995, Overview of environmental and hydrogeologic conditions at Bettles Field, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-343, 43 p. ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95343.","productDescription":"43 p. ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151314,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0343/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47916,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0343/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a36a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cowan, James R.","contributorId":42237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowan","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30094,"text":"wri954005 - 1995 - Water-quality assessment of the upper Illinois River Basin in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin: Nutrients, dissolved oxygen, and fecal-indicator bacteria in surface water, April 1987 through August 1990","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-16T20:38:41.200733","indexId":"wri954005","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4005","title":"Water-quality assessment of the upper Illinois River Basin in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin: Nutrients, dissolved oxygen, and fecal-indicator bacteria in surface water, April 1987 through August 1990","docAbstract":"Data describing the presence, spatial distribution, and temporal variability of nutrients, dissolved oxygen, and fecal-indicator bacteria in surface water were collected from streams in the upper Illinois River Basin from 1987-90 as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program. The largest concen- trations and loads of total nitrogen and total phosphorus were observed in streams in the urban areas of the basin. Mean annual loads of total nitrogen and total phosphorus leaving the upper Illinois River Basin accounted for 30 and 4 percent, respectively, of the input of these nutrients to the basin. Upward trends in total nitrogen concen- trations from 1978-90 were observed at three surface-water sampling stations, and downward trends in total phosphorus concentrations were observed at two stations. Median dissolved oxygen concentrations ranged from 3.4 to 12.2 milligrams per liter at eight long-term monitoring stations in the basin. During low-flow conditions, dissolved oxygen concentrations at 59 percent of the sites in the agricultural Kankakee River Basin and 49 percent of the sites in the urban Des Plaines River Basin were less than the Illinois water-quality standard of 5.0 milligrams per liter. Upward trends in dissolved oxygen concentrations were indicated at the two most downstream stations in the upper Illinois River Basin. Fecal-coliform densities at the fixed stations ranged from 1 to 45,000 colonies per 100 milliliters; stream-water samples from the Des Plaines River Basin typically had densities one or two orders of magnitude larger than samples from the rest of the Upper Illinois River Basin. Between 30 and 100 percent of the samples collected at surface-water sampling stations in the Des Plaines River Basin had densities of E.Coli greater than the Federal criteria for infrequently used full-body- contact water. Significant downward trends in bacteria densities were observed at three of the surface-water-monitoring stations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri954005","usgsCitation":"Terrio, P.J., 1995, Water-quality assessment of the upper Illinois River Basin in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin: Nutrients, dissolved oxygen, and fecal-indicator bacteria in surface water, April 1987 through August 1990: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4005, vii, 79 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954005.","productDescription":"vii, 79 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":393016,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48128.htm"},{"id":58908,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4005/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160575,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4005/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Illinois River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89,\n 40.4667\n ],\n [\n -86,\n 40.4667\n ],\n [\n -86,\n 43.1\n ],\n [\n -89,\n 43.1\n ],\n [\n -89,\n 40.4667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cee4b07f02db545177","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Terrio, P. 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A.","contributorId":22333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Du Bray","given":"E. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":18717,"text":"ofr95347 - 1995 - Overview of environmental and hydrogeologic conditions at Unalakleet, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:24","indexId":"ofr95347","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-347","title":"Overview of environmental and hydrogeologic conditions at Unalakleet, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95347","usgsCitation":"Dorava, J.M., 1995, Overview of environmental and hydrogeologic conditions at Unalakleet, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-347, 54 p. ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95347.","productDescription":"54 p. ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150994,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0347/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48076,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0347/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a2ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dorava, Joseph M.","contributorId":87125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorava","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":20588,"text":"ofr94336 - 1995 - Trihalomethane and nonpurgeable total organic-halide formation potentials for the Mississippi River and some of its tributaries, March-April 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:43","indexId":"ofr94336","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-336","title":"Trihalomethane and nonpurgeable total organic-halide formation potentials for the Mississippi River and some of its tributaries, March-April 1992","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr94336","usgsCitation":"Rathbun, R.E., 1995, Trihalomethane and nonpurgeable total organic-halide formation potentials for the Mississippi River and some of its tributaries, March-April 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-336, vi, 55 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94336.","productDescription":"vi, 55 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153301,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0336/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50106,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0336/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db624640","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rathbun, R. E.","contributorId":61796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rathbun","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":23182,"text":"ofr95627 - 1995 - Digital release of stream-sediment, heavy-mineral-concentrate, soil, and other geochemical data collected in Big Delta 1 deg x 3 deg Quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-17T15:06:15","indexId":"ofr95627","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-627","title":"Digital release of stream-sediment, heavy-mineral-concentrate, soil, and other geochemical data collected in Big Delta 1 deg x 3 deg Quadrangle, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr95627","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"The USGS does not support this software or technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","usgsCitation":"George, S., 1995, Digital release of stream-sediment, heavy-mineral-concentrate, soil, and other geochemical data collected in Big Delta 1 deg x 3 deg Quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-627, 1 Computer disk ;3 1/2 in. +1 text (10 p. ; 28 cm.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95627.","productDescription":"1 Computer disk ;3 1/2 in. +1 text (10 p. ; 28 cm.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156068,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0627/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52504,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0627/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":277687,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0627/application.zip"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65a527","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"George, S.L.","contributorId":45342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":20325,"text":"ofr95281 - 1995 - Reassessment of hydrogeologic data and refinement of a regional ground-water-flow model for the Milford-Souhegan glacial-drift aquifer, Milford, New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:34","indexId":"ofr95281","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-281","title":"Reassessment of hydrogeologic data and refinement of a regional ground-water-flow model for the Milford-Souhegan glacial-drift aquifer, Milford, New Hampshire","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S.G.S. Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95281","usgsCitation":"Olimpio, J.R., and Harte, P.T., 1995, Reassessment of hydrogeologic data and refinement of a regional ground-water-flow model for the Milford-Souhegan glacial-drift aquifer, Milford, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-281, iv, 40 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95281.","productDescription":"iv, 40 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152525,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0281/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49855,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0281/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648678","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olimpio, Joseph R.","contributorId":57878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olimpio","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harte, Philip T. 0000-0002-7718-1204 ptharte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7718-1204","contributorId":1008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harte","given":"Philip","email":"ptharte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":182452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":33116,"text":"b00L - 1995 - Palynology of part of the Paradox and Honaker Trail formations, Paradox Basin, Utah","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":33116,"text":"b00L - 1995 - Palynology of part of the Paradox and Honaker Trail formations, Paradox Basin, Utah","indexId":"b00L","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"chapter":"L","title":"Palynology of part of the Paradox and Honaker Trail formations, Paradox Basin, Utah"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33201,"text":"b2000 - 1993 - Evolution of sedimentary basins: Paradox Basin","indexId":"b2000","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Evolution of sedimentary basins: Paradox Basin"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":33201,"text":"b2000 - 1993 - Evolution of sedimentary basins: Paradox Basin","indexId":"b2000","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Evolution of sedimentary basins: Paradox Basin"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-09T14:18:53","indexId":"b00L","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000","chapter":"L","title":"Palynology of part of the Paradox and Honaker Trail formations, Paradox Basin, Utah","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/b00L","usgsCitation":"Kosanke, R., 1995, Palynology of part of the Paradox and Honaker Trail formations, Paradox Basin, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2000, p. L1-L7, https://doi.org/10.3133/b00L.","productDescription":"p. L1-L7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95941,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2000l/report.pdf","size":"1440","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":161429,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2000l/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db689546","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kosanke, R.M.","contributorId":97517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kosanke","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":18019,"text":"ofr95363 - 1995 - Geohydrology of the Flints Pond Aquifer, Hollis, New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:23","indexId":"ofr95363","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-363","title":"Geohydrology of the Flints Pond Aquifer, Hollis, New Hampshire","docAbstract":"Flints pond has been subjected to accelerated eutrophication as a result of watershed development (building of new homes and conversion of summer cottages into permanent homes) since the 1930's. Ground-water flow is the primary recharge and discharge mechanism for Flints Pond. The saturated thickness, transmissive properties, and altitude of the water table were determined by use of surface geophysics, test drilling, and aquifer-test data. Information on the geohydrology of the adjacent Flints Pond aquifer can be used in developing a water and nutrient budget for the pond-aquifer system. Ground-penetrating-radar surveys were done over more than 4 miles of the study area and on Flints Pond. Three distinct reflection signatures were commonly identifiable on the radar profiles: (1) thin, relatively flat-lying, continuous reflectors that represent fine-grained lacustrine sediment; (2) subparallel to hummocky and chaotic, coarse-grained reflectors that possibly represent coarse-grained ice-contact deposits or deltaic sediments in a lacustrine environment; and (3) sharply diffracted, fine-grained, chaotic reflectors that represent till and (or) till over bedrock. The saturated thickness of the aquifer exceeds 90 feet in the northern end of the study area and averages 30 to 50 feet in the southern and eastern parts. The saturated thickness of the western part is generally less than 10 feet. Test borings were completed at 19 sites and 13 wells (6 of which were nested pairs) were installed in various lithologic units. A water-table map, constructed from data collected in November 1994, represents average water-table conditions in the aquifer. Horizontal hydraulic conductivities calculated from single-well aquifer test data for stratified drift range from 2.8 to 226 feet per day. Hydraulic conductivities were quantitatively correlated with the reflector signatures produced with ground-penetrating radar so that transmissivities could be inferred for areas where well data were unavailable but where ground- penetrating-radar surveys were done. A saturated- thickness and transmissivity map for the aquifer shows that transmissivities exceeds 3,000 feet squared per day in the southern and east-central parts of the aquifer. Transmissivity ranges from 1,000 to 2,000 feet squared per day in the northern part of the aquifer and is generally less than 1,000 feet squared per day in the western part.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95363","usgsCitation":"Ayotte, J., and Dorgan, T.H., 1995, Geohydrology of the Flints Pond Aquifer, Hollis, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-363, v, 23 p. ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95363.","productDescription":"v, 23 p. ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151252,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0363/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47266,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0363/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a89c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ayotte, Joseph D. jayotte@usgs.gov","contributorId":1802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayotte","given":"Joseph D.","email":"jayotte@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":178385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dorgan, Tracy H.","contributorId":10447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorgan","given":"Tracy","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":18565,"text":"ofr95348 - 1995 - Overview of environmental and hydrogeologic conditions at Chandalar Lake, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:31","indexId":"ofr95348","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-348","title":"Overview of environmental and hydrogeologic conditions at Chandalar Lake, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95348","usgsCitation":"Cowan, J.R., 1995, Overview of environmental and hydrogeologic conditions at Chandalar Lake, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-348, iv, 9 p. ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95348.","productDescription":"iv, 9 p. ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151329,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0348/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47917,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0348/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a36d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cowan, James R.","contributorId":42237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowan","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":17556,"text":"ofr95236 - 1995 - Preliminary report on major and minor elements in cores from the Triassic Shublik Formation, Jurassic and Cretaceous Kingak Shale, and Cretaceous pebble shale unit, Hue Shale, and Torok Formation, North Slope, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:12","indexId":"ofr95236","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-236","title":"Preliminary report on major and minor elements in cores from the Triassic Shublik Formation, Jurassic and Cretaceous Kingak Shale, and Cretaceous pebble shale unit, Hue Shale, and Torok Formation, North Slope, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr95236","usgsCitation":"Issacs, C., Bird, K.J., Medrano, M., Keller, M., Piper, D., and Gautier, D.L., 1995, Preliminary report on major and minor elements in cores from the Triassic Shublik Formation, Jurassic and Cretaceous Kingak Shale, and Cretaceous pebble shale unit, Hue Shale, and Torok Formation, North Slope, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-236, 30 p. ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95236.","productDescription":"30 p. ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149756,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0236/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":46764,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0236/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66caac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Issacs, C.M.","contributorId":66709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Issacs","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bird, K. J.","contributorId":57824,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bird","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Medrano, M.D.","contributorId":68326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Medrano","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keller, M.A.","contributorId":41008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Piper, D.Z.","contributorId":34154,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piper","given":"D.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gautier, D. L.","contributorId":69996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gautier","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":18017,"text":"ofr95142 - 1995 - Results of geophysical surveys of glacial deposits near a former waste-disposal site, Nashua, New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:23","indexId":"ofr95142","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-142","title":"Results of geophysical surveys of glacial deposits near a former waste-disposal site, Nashua, New Hampshire","docAbstract":"Geophysical investigations were done near a former waste-disposal site in Nashua, New Hampshire to determine the thickness and infer hydraulic characteristics of the glacial sediments that underlie the area. Approximately 5 miles of ground- penetrating radar (GPR) data were collected in the study area by use of dual-80 Megahertz antennas. Three distinct radar-reflection signatures were evident from the data and are interpreted to represent (1) glacial lake-bottom sediments, (2) coarse sand and gravel and (or) sandy glacial till, and (3) bedrock. The GPR signal penetrated as much as 70 feet of sediment in coarse-grained areas, but penetration depth was generally less than 40 feet in extensive areas of fine-grained deposits. Geologic features were evident in many of the profiles. Glacial-lake-bottom sediments were the most common features identified. Other features include deltas deposited in glacial Lake Nashua and lobate fans of sediment deposited subaqueously at the distal end of deltaic sediments. Cross-bedded sands were often identifiable in the deltaic sediments. Seismic-refraction data were also collected at five of the GPR data sites. In most cases, depths to the water table and to the till and (or) bedrock surface indicated by the seismic-refraction data compared favorably with depths calculated from the GPR data. Test holes were drilled at three locations to determine the true depths to radar reflectors and to determine the types of geologic material represented by the various reflectors.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S.G.S. Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95142","usgsCitation":"Ayotte, J., and Dorgan, T.H., 1995, Results of geophysical surveys of glacial deposits near a former waste-disposal site, Nashua, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-142, iv, 16 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95142.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151230,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0142/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47263,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0142/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaee4b07f02db66c812","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ayotte, Joseph D. jayotte@usgs.gov","contributorId":1802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayotte","given":"Joseph D.","email":"jayotte@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":178382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dorgan, Tracy H.","contributorId":10447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorgan","given":"Tracy","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":18570,"text":"ofr9531 - 1995 - An evaluation of sand and gravel resources in and near the Verde Valley of the Coconino National Forest, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:29","indexId":"ofr9531","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-31","title":"An evaluation of sand and gravel resources in and near the Verde Valley of the Coconino National Forest, Arizona","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr9531","usgsCitation":"Cox, L.J., 1995, An evaluation of sand and gravel resources in and near the Verde Valley of the Coconino National Forest, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-31, 20 p. ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9531.","productDescription":"20 p. ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151992,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0031/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":19348,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0031/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db6848aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cox, Leslie J.","contributorId":92692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Leslie","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}