Phosphorus and nitrogen are essential macronutrients necessary for the survival of virtually all living organisms. In groundwater systems, these nutrients can be quite scarce and can represent limiting elements for growth of subsurface microorganisms. In this study we examined silicate sources of these elements by characterizing the colonization and weathering of feldspars in situ using field microcosms. We found that in carbon-rich anoxic groundwaters where P and N are scarce, feldspars that contain inclusions of P-minerals such as apatite are preferentially colonized over similar feldspars without P. A microcline from S. Dakota, which contains 0.24% P2O5 but ,1 mmol/ g NH , was heavily colonized 1 4 and deeply weathered. A similar microcline from Ontario, which has no detectable P or NH , was barren of attached organisms and completely unweathered after one year. An- 1 4 orthoclase (0.28% P2O5, ;1 mmol/g NH ) was very heavily colonized and weathered, 1 4 whereas plagioclase specimens (,0.01% P, ,1 mmmol/g NH ) were uncolonized and 1 4 unweathered. In addition, the observed weathering rates are faster than expected based on laboratory rates. We propose that this system is particularly sensitive to the availability of P, and the native subsurface microorganisms have developed biochemical strategies to aggressively scavenge P (or some other essential nutrient such as Fe31 ) from resistant feldspars. The result of this interaction is that only minerals containing P will be signifi- cantly colonized, and these feldspars will be preferentially destroyed, as the subsurface microbial community scavenges a limiting nutrient.
","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld ","doi":"10.2138/am-1998-11-1241","usgsCitation":"Rogers, J., Bennett, P., and Choi, W., 1998, Feldspars as a source of nutrients for microorganisms: American Mineralogist, v. 83, p. 1532-1540, https://doi.org/10.2138/am-1998-11-1241.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1532","endPage":"1540","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338423,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58da253be4b0543bf7fda86d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rogers, J.R.","contributorId":189897,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rogers","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bennett, P.C.","contributorId":24357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Choi, W.J.","contributorId":189896,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Choi","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70021343,"text":"70021343 - 1998 - Tidal creek changes at the Sonoma Baylands restoration site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:50","indexId":"70021343","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Tidal creek changes at the Sonoma Baylands restoration site","docAbstract":"Over the past 150 years, human activity has had a major impact on tidal wetlands adjoining the San Francisco Bay-Delta estuary Growing concern about the effect of this change on the ecology of the estuary has prompted Bay area managers to attempt to reclaim tidal wetlands. The Sonoma Baylands Restoration Project is designed to use dredge material to convert 348 acres from farmland to wetland. This paper describes changes to a tidal creek that flows from that restoration site to San Pablo Bay (north San Francisco Bay) through an existing tidal wetland during different phases of the project. Hydrologic measurements near the bottom of the creek and cross-creek profiles show how the creek responded to non-tidal flow conditions introduced by filling the site with dredge materials. At the time of this study, the creek had deepened by approximately 40 cm but had not widened.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Conference on California and the World Ocean","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1997 Conference on California and the World Ocean. Part 1 (of 2)","conferenceDate":"24 March 1997 through 27 March 1997","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA, United States","usgsCitation":"Dingler, J.R., and Cacchione, D.A., 1998, Tidal creek changes at the Sonoma Baylands restoration site, in Proceedings of the Conference on California and the World Ocean, v. 2, San Diego, CA, USA, 24 March 1997 through 27 March 1997.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230265,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb370e4b08c986b325da1","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Magoon O.T.Converse H.Baird B.Miller-Henson M.","contributorId":128343,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Magoon O.T.Converse H.Baird B.Miller-Henson M.","id":536471,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Dingler, John R.","contributorId":55795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dingler","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cacchione, David A.","contributorId":37327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cacchione","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70174934,"text":"70174934 - 1998 - Carbon cycling in terrestrial environments: Chapter 17","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T17:59:17","indexId":"70174934","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Carbon cycling in terrestrial environments: Chapter 17","docAbstract":"This chapter reviews a number of applications of isotopic techniques for the investigation of carbon cycling processes. Carbon dioxide (C02) is an important greenhouse gas. Its concentration in the atmosphere has increased from an estimated 270 ppm at the beginning of the industrial revolution to ∼ 360 ppm at present. Climatic conditions and atmospheric C02 concentration also influence isotopic discrimination during photosynthesis. Natural and anthropogenically induced variations in the carbon isotopic abundance can be exploited to investigate carbon transformations between pools on various time scales. It also discusses one of the isotopes of carbon, the 14C, that is produced in the atmosphere by interactions of cosmic-ray produced neutrons with stable isotopes of nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), and carbon (C), and has a natural abundance in the atmosphere of ∼1 atom 14 C per 1012 atoms 12C. The most important factor affecting the measured 14C ages of soil organic matter is the rate of organic carbon cycling in soils. Differences in the dynamics of soil carbon among different soils or soil horizons will result in different soil organic 14C signatures. As a result, the deviation of the measured 14C age from the true age could differ significantly among different soils or soil horizons.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Isotope tracers in catchment hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-444-81546-0.50024-0","usgsCitation":"Wang, Y., Huntington, T.G., Osher, L.J., Wassenaar, L.I., Trumbore, S., Amundson, R., Harden, J.W., McKnight, D.M., Schiff, S.L., Aiken, G.R., Lyons, W.B., Aravena, R.O., and Baron, J., 1998, Carbon cycling in terrestrial environments: Chapter 17, chap. of Isotope tracers in catchment hydrology, p. 577-610, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-81546-0.50024-0.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"577","endPage":"610","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325541,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57934442e4b0eb1ce79e8bd9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Yang","contributorId":173071,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Yang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huntington, Thomas G. 0000-0002-9427-3530 thunting@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-3530","contributorId":1884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"Thomas","email":"thunting@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Osher, Laurie J.","contributorId":173072,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osher","given":"Laurie","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wassenaar, Leonard I","contributorId":150277,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wassenaar","given":"Leonard","email":"","middleInitial":"I","affiliations":[{"id":17954,"text":"International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Trumbore, Susan E. 0000-0003-3885-6202","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3885-6202","contributorId":139916,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trumbore","given":"Susan E.","affiliations":[{"id":13313,"text":"Max Planck Institute of Biogeochemistry","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Amundson, Ronald","contributorId":59925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amundson","given":"Ronald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Harden, Jennifer W. 0000-0002-6570-8259 jharden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":1971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"Jennifer","email":"jharden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Schiff, Sherry L.","contributorId":173073,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schiff","given":"Sherry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Lyons, W. Berry","contributorId":73497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Berry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Aravena, Ramon O.","contributorId":173074,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aravena","given":"Ramon","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70033350,"text":"70033350 - 1998 - Nitrous oxide fluxes from a claypan soil overlying nitrate-enriched glacial drift","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-04T10:32:52","indexId":"70033350","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2257,"text":"Journal of Environmental Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrous oxide fluxes from a claypan soil overlying nitrate-enriched glacial drift","docAbstract":"The closed chamber method was used to assess nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes from corn (Zea mays, L.) fields during the 1995 growing season. The study area was characterized by a claypan soil overlying a nitrate (NO31-)-enriched glacial-drift aquifer. Denitrification produced N2O fluxes of 0.2-6.9 g ha-1 hr-1 early in the growing season. Fluxes increased with increasing soil temperature, soil water potential, and soil saturation. However, greatly diminished N2O fluxes (0.001-0.09 gha-1 hr-1) occurred when soil saturation increased to 94 percent. Losses of N2O increased linearly during the day and decreased at night, probably because of declining soil temperatures. Declines in soil saturation (less than 80 percent) and soil moisture potential (less than -10 kPa) produced late season N2O fluxes (0.03-0.8 g ha-1 hr-1) attributable to nitrification. Results indicate that denitrification would not significantly reduce claypan soil NO31- concentrations.","language":"English","issn":"10583","usgsCitation":"Pomes, M., Wilkison, D., and McMahon, P., 1998, Nitrous oxide fluxes from a claypan soil overlying nitrate-enriched glacial drift: Journal of Environmental Hydrology, v. 6, p. 1-14.","productDescription":"Paper 8; 14 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241026,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":360964,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.hydroweb.com/journal-hydrology-1998.html"}],"volume":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6704e4b0c8380cd73120","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pomes, M.L.","contributorId":84393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pomes","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilkison, D.H.","contributorId":39800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilkison","given":"D.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McMahon, P.B. 0000-0001-7452-2379","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":10762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"P.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70046128,"text":"70046128 - 1998 - Location of wells shown in \"Structure, outcrop,, and subcrop of the bedrock aquifers along the western margin of the Denver Basin, Colorado.\" Hydrologic Atlas 742","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-28T11:24:09","indexId":"70046128","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Location of wells shown in \"Structure, outcrop,, and subcrop of the bedrock aquifers along the western margin of the Denver Basin, Colorado.\" Hydrologic Atlas 742","docAbstract":"This digital geospatial data set consists of locations of coal, oil, gas and water wells shown as data points in the report, \"Structure, Outcrop, and Subcrop of the Bedrock Aquifers Along the Western Margin of the Denver Basin, Colorado\" (Robson and others, 1998).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70046128","usgsCitation":"Rafferty, S., 1998, Location of wells shown in \"Structure, outcrop,, and subcrop of the bedrock aquifers along the western margin of the Denver Basin, Colorado.\" Hydrologic Atlas 742, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/70046128.","productDescription":"Dataset","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":272879,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272878,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/co_wells_ha742.xml"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.25683628,39.2254652 ], [ -105.25683628,40.88667734 ], [ 104.58906752,40.88667734 ], [ 104.58906752,39.2254652 ], [ -105.25683628,39.2254652 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51a5d1ebe4b0605bc571efd9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rafferty, Sharon","contributorId":99025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rafferty","given":"Sharon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70020870,"text":"70020870 - 1998 - Methyl mercury dynamics in littoral sediments of a temperate seepage lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-01-30T10:28:42","indexId":"70020870","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methyl mercury dynamics in littoral sediments of a temperate seepage lake","docAbstract":"The sites and rates of methyl mercury (MeHg) production and transport in littoral zone sediments were investigated at Pallette Lake in northern Wisconsin. In littoral areas where groundwater inflow occurs, sulfate supply from groundwater creates profiles of electron acceptors (sulfate) and donors (methane, sulfide) that are reversed from those found in sediments whose sulfate supply is delivered from overlying water. The highest MeHg concentrations in porewaters and the maximal advective MeHg flux rates (4.5-61.7 ng ·m-2 ·day-1) were observed in the spring, while highest bulk phase concentrations occur later in the summer. These estimated MeHg fluxes are greater than the mean areal production rates estimated previously for the water column and are similar to the atmospheric flux. Gross MeHg production was measured using the addition of 203Hg as a tracer to sediments. The depth at which maximal 203Hg methylation occurred coincided with the observed maximums in solid-phase and porewater MeHg concentrations. Because input, advection, and accumulation of MeHg in these sediments were measured directly, an independent estimate of MeHg production could be made and compared with 203Hg-derived rates. This comparison suggests that that the 203Hg tracer method provides reasonable estimates of gross methylation rates and that a substantial fraction of solid-phase Hg is available for methylation
","language":"English","publisher":"CSP","doi":"10.1139/f97-304","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Krabbenhoft, D., Gilmour, C., Benoit, J., Babiarz, C., Andren, A., and Hurley, J., 1998, Methyl mercury dynamics in littoral sediments of a temperate seepage lake: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 55, no. 4, p. 835-844, https://doi.org/10.1139/f97-304.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"835","endPage":"844","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229721,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5611e4b0c8380cd6d339","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krabbenhoft, D. P. 0000-0003-1964-5020","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":90765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"D. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilmour, C.C.","contributorId":63558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilmour","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Benoit, J.M.","contributorId":102648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benoit","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Babiarz, Christopher L.","contributorId":101822,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Babiarz","given":"Christopher L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Andren, A.W.","contributorId":49121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andren","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hurley, J.P.","contributorId":97645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurley","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70020671,"text":"70020671 - 1998 - Multi-level slug tests in highly permeable formations: 1. Modification of the Springer-Gelhar (SG) model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:17","indexId":"70020671","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multi-level slug tests in highly permeable formations: 1. Modification of the Springer-Gelhar (SG) model","docAbstract":"A multi-level slug test model and a method for the evaluation of vertical profiles of hydraulic conductivity in highly permeable formations are developed. A double-packer system is employed to estimate local hydraulic conductivity. Depending on the formation and double-packer system parameters, the water level recovery in the tested well can exhibit a monotonic or oscillatory response. To discern information on aquifer properties from artifacts introduced by the measurement system, the theory of flow in an aquifer and a double-packer system is developed. The mathematical model incorporates features of the Springer and Gelhar (1991) model and reduces to the Bouwer and Rice (1976) model in a special case. The model involves equations of momentum and mass conservation for the double-packer system with quasi-steady well-aquifer interaction equations. The method is uniformly applicable for both monotonic and oscillatory well responses and can produce profiles of hydraulic conductivity for the tested well. The criterion is given to determine the type of well response for given slug test conditions.A multi-level slug test model and a method for the evaluation of vertical profiles of hydraulic conductivity in highly permeable formations are developed. A double-packer system is employed to estimate local hydraulic conductivity. Depending on the formation and double-packer system parameters, the water level recovery in the tested well can exhibit a monotonic or oscillatory response. To discern information on aquifer properties from artifacts introduced by the measurement system, the theory of flow in an aquifer and a double-packer system is developed. The mathematical model incorporates features of the Springer and Gelhar (1991) model and reduces to the Bouwer and Rice (1976) model in a special case. The model involves equations of momentum and mass conservation for the double-packer system with quasi-steady well-aquifer interaction equations. The method is uniformly applicable for both monotonic and oscillatory well responses and can produce profiles of hydraulic conductivity for the tested well. The criterion is given to determine the type of well response for given slug test conditions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Sci B.V.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(97)00128-5","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Zlotnik, V., and McGuire, V., 1998, Multi-level slug tests in highly permeable formations: 1. Modification of the Springer-Gelhar (SG) model: Journal of Hydrology, v. 204, no. 1-4, p. 271-282, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(97)00128-5.","startPage":"271","endPage":"282","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206989,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(97)00128-5"},{"id":231502,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"204","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5fb6e4b0c8380cd710be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zlotnik, V.A.","contributorId":102660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zlotnik","given":"V.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGuire, V. L. 0000-0002-3962-4158","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3962-4158","contributorId":94702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"V. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020652,"text":"70020652 - 1998 - Effects of arctic temperatures on distribution and retention of the nuclear waste radionuclides 241Am, 57Co, and 137Cs in the bioindicator bivalve Macoma balthica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-05T18:10:32","indexId":"70020652","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2664,"text":"Marine Environmental Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of arctic temperatures on distribution and retention of the nuclear waste radionuclides 241Am, 57Co, and 137Cs in the bioindicator bivalve Macoma balthica","docAbstract":"The disposal of radioactive wastes in Arctic seas has made it important to understand the processes affecting the accumulation of radionuclides in food webs in coldwater ecosystems. We examined the effects of temperature on radionuclide assimilation and retention by the bioindicator bivalve Macoma balthica using three representative nuclear waste components, 241Am, 57Co, and 137Cs. Experiments were designed to determine the kinetics of processes that control uptake from food and water, as well as kinetic constants of loss. 137Cs was not accumulated in soft tissue from water during short exposures, and was rapidly lost from shell with no thermal dependence. No effects of temperature on 57Co assimilation or retention from food were observed. The only substantial effect of polar temperatures was that on the assimilation efficiency of 241Am from food, where 10% was assimilated at 2 °C and 26% at 12 °C. For all three radionuclides, body distributions were correlated with source, with most radioactivity obtained from water found in the shell and food in the soft tissues. These results suggest that in general Arctic conditions had relatively small effects on the biological processes which influence the bioaccumulation of radioactive wastes, and bivalve concentration factors may not be appreciably different between polar and temperate waters.
A facultatively methylotrophic bacterium, strain IMB-1, that has been isolated from agricultural soil grows on methyl bromide (MeBr), methyl iodide, methyl chloride, and methylated amines, as well as on glucose, pyruvate, or acetate. Phylogenetic analysis of its 16S rRNA gene sequence indicates that strain IMB-1 classes in the alpha subgroup of the class Proteobacteria and is closely related to members of the genus Rhizobium. The ability of strain IMB-1 to oxidize MeBr to CO2 is constitutive in cells regardless of the growth substrate. Addition of cell suspensions of strain IMB-1 to soils greatly accelerates the oxidation of MeBr, as does pretreatment of soils with low concentrations of methyl iodide. These results suggest that soil treatment strategies can be devised whereby bacteria can effectively consume MeBr during field fumigations, which would diminish or eliminate the outward flux of MeBr to the atmosphere.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/AEM.64.8.2899-2905.1998","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Connell, H.T., Costello, A., Lidstrom, M., and Oremland, R., 1998, Strain IMB-1, a novel bacterium for the removal of methyl bromide in fumigated agricultural soils: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 64, no. 8, p. 2899-2905, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.64.8.2899-2905.1998.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2899","endPage":"2905","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479733,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.8.2899-2905.1998","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229835,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b988ee4b08c986b31c093","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Connell, Hancock T.L.","contributorId":9418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connell","given":"Hancock","email":"","middleInitial":"T.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Costello, A.M.","contributorId":49951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costello","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lidstrom, M.E.","contributorId":93207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lidstrom","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oremland, R.S.","contributorId":97512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70020840,"text":"70020840 - 1998 - Impact of the 1993 flood on the distribution of organic contaminants in bed sediments of the Upper Mississippi River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-04T08:01:23","indexId":"70020840","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impact of the 1993 flood on the distribution of organic contaminants in bed sediments of the Upper Mississippi River","docAbstract":"The 1500 km Upper Mississippi River (UMR) consists of 29 navigation pools and can be divided into the upper reach (pools 1-4), the middle reach (pools 5-13), and the lower reach (pools 14-26). Comparison of composite bed sediment samples collected from the downstream third of 24 pools before and after the 1993 UMR flood provides fieldscale data on the effect of the flood on sediment organic compound distributions. The sediments were analyzed for organic carbon, coprostanol, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons including pyrene, linear alkylbenzene-sulfonates, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and organochlorine pesticides. Most of the target compounds were detected in all of the sediment samples, although concentrations were generally <1 mg/kg. The highest concentrations typically occurred in the upper reach, an urbanized area on a relatively small river. Pool 4 (Lake Pepin) is an efficient sediment trap, and concentrations of the compounds below pool 4 were substantially lower than those in pools 2-4. Differences in concentrations before and after the 1993 flood also were greatest in the upper reach. In pools 1-4, concentrations of pyrene and PCBs decreased after the flood whereas coprostanol increased. These results suggest that bed sediments stored in the pools were diluted or buried by sediments with different organic compound compositions washed in from urban and agricultural portions of the watershed.The 1500 km Upper Mississippi River (UMR) consists of 29 navigation pools and can be divided into the upper reach (pools 1-4), the middle reach (pools 5-13), and the lower reach (pools 14-26). Comparison of composite bed sediment samples collected from the downstream third of 24 pools before and after the 1993 UMR flood provides field-scale data on the effect of the flood on sediment organic compound distributions. The sediments were analyzed for organic carbon, coprostanol, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons including pyrene, linear alkylbenzene-sulfonates, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and organochlorine pesticides. Most of the target compounds were detected in all of the sediment samples, although concentrations were generally <1 mg/kg. The highest concentrations typically occurred in the upper reach, an urbanized area on a relatively small river. Pool 4 (Lake Pepin) is an efficient sediment trap, and concentrations of the compounds below pool 4 were substantially lower than those in pools 2-4. Differences in concentrations before and after the 1993 flood also were greatest in the upper reach. In pools 1-4, concentrations of pyrene and PCBs decreased after the flood whereas coprostanol increased. These results suggest that bed sediments stored in the pools were diluted or buried by sediments with different organic compound compositions washed in from urban and agricultural portions of the watershed.","largerWorkTitle":"Science and Technology","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es970795i","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Barber, L.B., and Writer, J., 1998, Impact of the 1993 flood on the distribution of organic contaminants in bed sediments of the Upper Mississippi River: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 32, no. 14, p. 2077-2083, https://doi.org/10.1021/es970795i.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2077","endPage":"2083","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229875,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206468,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es970795i"}],"volume":"32","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-06-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38cce4b0c8380cd616cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barber, L. B.","contributorId":64602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Writer, J.H.","contributorId":9780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Writer","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020595,"text":"70020595 - 1998 - Type curves to determine the relative importance of advection and dispersion for solute and vapor transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-01T06:23:19","indexId":"70020595","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Type curves to determine the relative importance of advection and dispersion for solute and vapor transport","docAbstract":"The relative importance of advection and dispersion for both solute and vapor transport can be determined from type curves or concentration, flux, or cumulative flux. The dimensionless form of the type curves provides a means to directly evaluate the importance of mass transport by advection relative to that of mass transport by diffusion and dispersion. Type curves based on an analytical solution to the advection-dispersion equation are plotted in terms of dimensionless time and Peclet number. Flux and cumulative flux type curves provide additional rationale for transport regime determination in addition to the traditional concentration type curves. The extension of type curves to include vapor transport with phase partitioning in the unsaturated zone is a new development. Type curves for negative Peclet numbers also are presented. A negative Peclet number characterizes a problem in which one direction of flow is toward the contamination source, and thereby diffusion and advection can act in opposite directions. Examples are the diffusion of solutes away from the downgradient edge of a pump-and-treat capture zone, the upward diffusion of vapors through the unsaturated zone with recharge, and the diffusion of solutes through a low hydraulic conductivity cutoff wall with an inward advective gradient.","largerWorkTitle":"Wiley","language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1998.tb02102.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Garges, J., and Baehr, A.L., 1998, Type curves to determine the relative importance of advection and dispersion for solute and vapor transport: Ground Water, v. 36, no. 6, p. 959-965, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1998.tb02102.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"959","endPage":"965","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231344,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd1ce4b0c8380cd4e630","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garges, J.A.","contributorId":8253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garges","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baehr, A. L.","contributorId":59831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baehr","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020594,"text":"70020594 - 1998 - Changes in the isotopic and chemical composition of ground water resulting from a recharge pulse from a sinking stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-21T07:52:32","indexId":"70020594","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in the isotopic and chemical composition of ground water resulting from a recharge pulse from a sinking stream","docAbstract":"The Little River, an ephemeral stream that drains a watershed of approximately 88 km2 in northern Florida, disappears into a series of sinkholes along the Cody Scarp and flows directly into the carbonate Upper Floridan aquifer, the source of water supply in northern Florida. The changes in the geochemistry of ground water caused by a major recharge pulse from the sinking stream were investigated using chemical and isotopic tracers and mass-balance modeling techniques. Nine monitoring wells were installed open to the uppermost part of the aquifer in areas near the sinks where numerous subterranean karst solution features were identified using ground penetrating radar. During high-flow conditions in the Little River, the chemistry of water in some of the monitoring wells changed, reflecting the mixing of river water with ground water. Rapid recharge of river water into some parts of the aquifer during high-flow conditions was indicated by enriched values of delta 18O and delta deuterium (-1.67 to -3.17 per mil and -9.2 to -15.6 per mil, respectively), elevated concentrations of tannic acid, higher (more radiogenic) 87Sr/86Sr ratios, and lower concentrations of 222Rn, silica, and alkalinity compared to low-flow conditions. The proportion of river water that mixed with ground water ranged from 0.10 to 0.67 based on binary mixing models using the tracers 18O, deuterium, tannic acid, silica, 222Rn, and 87Sr/86Sr. On the basis of mass-balance modeling during steady-state flow conditions, the dominant processes controlling carbon cycling in ground water are the dissolution of calcite and dolomite in aquifer material, and aerobic degradation of organic matter.The Little River of northern Florida disappears into a series of sinkholes along the Cody Scarp and flows directly into the carbonate Upper Floridan aquifer. The changes in the geochemistry of ground water caused by a major recharge pulse from the sinking stream were investigated using chemical and isotopic tracers and mass-balance modeling techniques. Nine monitoring wells were installed open to the uppermost part of the aquifer. During high-flow conditions in the Little River, the chemistry of water in some of the monitoring wells changed, reflecting the mixing of river water with ground water. Based on mass-balance modeling during steady-state flow conditions, it was found that the dominant processes controlling carbon cycling in ground water are the dissolution of calcite and dolomite in aquifer material, and aerobic degradation of organic matter.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier ","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00236-4","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Katz, B., Catches, J., Bullen, T., and Michel, R.L., 1998, Changes in the isotopic and chemical composition of ground water resulting from a recharge pulse from a sinking stream: Journal of Hydrology, v. 211, no. 1-4, p. 178-207, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00236-4.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"178","endPage":"207","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231343,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206954,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00236-4"}],"volume":"211","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f432e4b0c8380cd4bbcd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Katz, B. G.","contributorId":82702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katz","given":"B. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Catches, J.S.","contributorId":75702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Catches","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bullen, T.D.","contributorId":79911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Michel, R. L.","contributorId":86375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70020592,"text":"70020592 - 1998 - Difluoromethane, a new and improved inhibitor of methanotrophy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-12T21:07:41.228976","indexId":"70020592","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Difluoromethane, a new and improved inhibitor of methanotrophy","docAbstract":"Difluoromethane (HFC-32; DFM) is compared to acetylene and methyl fluoride as an inhibitor of methanotrophy in cultures and soils. DFM was found to be a reversible inhibitor of CH4 oxidation byMethylococcus capsulatus (Bath). Consumption of CH4 in soil was blocked by additions of low levels of DFM (0.03 kPa), and this inhibition was reversed by DFM removal. Although a small quantity of DFM was consumed during these incubations, its remaining concentration was sufficiently elevated to sustain inhibition. Methanogenesis in anaerobic soil slurries, including acetoclastic methanogenesis, was unaffected by levels of DFM which inhibit methanotrophy. Low levels of DFM (0.03 kPa) also inhibited nitrification and N2O production by soils. DFM is proposed as an improved inhibitor of CH4 oxidation over acetylene and/or methyl fluoride on the basis of its reversibility, its efficacy at low concentrations, its lack of inhibition of methanogenesis, and its low cost.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/AEM.64.11.4357-4362.1998","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Miller, L., Sasson, C., and Oremland, R., 1998, Difluoromethane, a new and improved inhibitor of methanotrophy: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 64, no. 11, p. 4357-4362, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.64.11.4357-4362.1998.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"4357","endPage":"4362","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479726,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.11.4357-4362.1998","text":"External Repository"},{"id":231306,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0114e4b0c8380cd4fab5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, L.G.","contributorId":32522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"L.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sasson, C.","contributorId":104663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sasson","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oremland, R.S.","contributorId":97512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020591,"text":"70020591 - 1998 - Flow of river water into a karstic limestone aquifer: 2. Dating the young fraction in groundwater mixtures in the Upper Floridan aquifer near Valdosta, Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-04T08:44:50","indexId":"70020591","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flow of river water into a karstic limestone aquifer: 2. Dating the young fraction in groundwater mixtures in the Upper Floridan aquifer near Valdosta, Georgia","docAbstract":"Tritium/helium-3 (3H/3He) and chlorofluorocarbon (CFCs, CFC–11, CFC–12, CFC–113) data are used to date the young fraction in groundwater mixtures from a karstic limestone aquifer near Valdosta, Georgia, where regional paleowater in the Upper Floridan aquifer receives recharge from two young sources—the flow of Withlacoochee River water through sinkholes in the river bed, and leakage of infiltration water through post-Eocene semi-confining beds above the Upper Floridan aquifer. In dating the young fraction of mixtures using CFCs, it is necessary to reconstruct the CFC concentration that was in the young fraction prior to mixing. The 3H/3He age is independent of the extent of dilution with older (3H-free and 3Hetrit-free) water. The groundwater mixtures are designated as Type-1 for mixtures of regional paleowater and regional infiltration water and Type-2 for mixtures containing more than approximately 4% of river water. The fractions of regional paleowater, regional infiltration water, and Withlacoochee River water in the groundwater mixtures were determined from Cl− and δ18O data for water from the Upper Floridan aquifer at Valdosta, Georgia.
The chlorofluorocarbons CFC–11 and CFC–113 are removed by microbial degradation and/or sorption processes in most anaerobic (Type-2) groundwater at Valdosta, but are present in some aerobic Type-1 water. CFC–12 persists in both SO4-reducing and methanogenic water. The very low detection limits for CFCs (approximately 0.3 pg kg−1) permitted CFC–11 and CFC–12 dating of the fraction of regional infiltration water in Type-1 mixtures, and CFC-12 dating of the river-water fraction in Type-2 mixtures. Overall, approximately 50% of the 85 water samples obtained from the Upper Floridan aquifer have CFC–12-based ages of the young fraction that are consistent with the 3H concentration of the groundwater. Because of uncertainties associated with very low 3H and 3He content in dilute mixtures, 3H/3He dating is limited to the river-water fraction in Type-2 mixtures containing more than about 10% river water. Of the 41 water samples measured for 3H/3He dating, dilution of 3H and low 3He concentration limited 3H/3He dating to 16 mixtures in which 3H/3He ages are defined with errors ranging from ±2 to ±7.5 a (1 σ). After correction for dilution with (assumed) CFC-free regional infiltration water and regional paleowater in the Upper Floridan aquifer, adjusted CFC–12 ages agree with 3H/3He ages within 5 a or less in 7 of the 9 co-dated Type-2 mixtures.
Tritium data and dating based on both CFC–11 and CFC–12 in Type-1 mixtures indicate that travel times of infiltration water through the overlying Post-Eocene semi-confining beds exceed 35 a. The CFC and 3H/3He dating indicate that the river fraction in most groundwater entered the groundwater reservoir in the past 20 to 30 a. Few domestic and municipal supply wells sampled intercept water younger than 5 a. Calculated velocities of river water in the Upper Floridan aquifer downgradient of the sinkhole area range from 0.4 to 8.2 m/d. Radiocarbon data indicate that ages of the regional paleowater are on the 10 000-a time scale. An average lag time of approximately 10 to 25 a is determined for discharge of groundwater from the surficial and intermediate aquifers above the Upper Floridan aquifer to the Withlacoochee River.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0883-2927(98)00032-8","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Plummer, N., Busenberg, E., Drenkard, S., Schlosser, P., Ekwurzel, B., Weppernig, R., McConnell, J.B., and Michel, R.L., 1998, Flow of river water into a karstic limestone aquifer: 2. Dating the young fraction in groundwater mixtures in the Upper Floridan aquifer near Valdosta, Georgia: Applied Geochemistry, v. 13, no. 8, p. 1017-1043, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(98)00032-8.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"1017","endPage":"1043","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487347,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0883-2927(98)00032-8","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231269,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206928,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(98)00032-8"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","county":"Lowndes County 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Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":386797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Busenberg, E.","contributorId":56796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Drenkard, S.","contributorId":89292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drenkard","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schlosser, P.","contributorId":106656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlosser","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ekwurzel, B.","contributorId":27223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ekwurzel","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Weppernig, R.","contributorId":57616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weppernig","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McConnell, J. B.","contributorId":25577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McConnell","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Michel, R. L.","contributorId":86375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70021078,"text":"70021078 - 1998 - Exchanges of sediment between the flood plain and channel of the Amazon River in Brazil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-20T12:18:54.969938","indexId":"70021078","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exchanges of sediment between the flood plain and channel of the Amazon River in Brazil","docAbstract":"Sediment transport through the Brazilian sector of the Amazon River valley, a distance of 2010 km, involves exchanges between the channel and the flood plain that in each direction exceed the annual flux of sediment out of the river at Óbidos (∼1200 Mt yr−1). The exchanges occur through bank erosion, bar deposition, settling from diffuse overbank flow, and sedimentation in flood-plain channels. We estimated the magnitude of these exchanges for each of 10 reaches of the valley, and combined them with calculations of sediment transport into and out of the reaches based on sediment sampling and flow records to define a sediment budget for each reach. Residuals in the sediment budget of a reach include errors of estimation and erosion or deposition within the channel. The annual supply of sediment entering the channel from bank erosion was estimated to average 1570 Mt yr−1 (1.3 × the Óbidos flux) and the amount transferred from channel transport to the bars (380 Mt yr−1) and the flood plain (460 Mt yr−1 in channelized flow; 1230 Mt yr−1 in diffuse overbank flow) totaled 2070 Mt yr−1 (1.7 × the Óbidos flux). Thus, deposition on the bars and flood plain exceeded bank erosion by 500 Mt yr−1 over a 10–16 yr period. Sampling and calculation of sediment loads in the channel indicate a net accumulation in the valley floor of approximately 200 Mt yr−1 over 16 yr, crudely validating the process-based calculations of the sediment budget, which in turn illuminate the physical controls on each exchange process. Another 300–400 Mt yr−1 are deposited in a delta plain downstream of Óbidos. The components of the sediment budget reflect hydrologic characteristics of the valley floor and geomorphic characteristics of the channel and flood plain, which in turn are influenced by tectonic features of the Amazon structural trough.
Meltwater runoff from glaciers can result from various sources, including recent precipitation and melted glacial ice. Determining the origin of the meltwater from glaciers through isotopic analysis can provide information about such things as the character and distribution of ablation on glaciers.
A 9.4 m ice core and meltwater were collected in 1995 and 1996 at the glacigenic Galena Creek rock glacier in Wyoming's Absaroka Mountains. Measurements of chlorine‐36 (36Cl), tritium (3H), sulphur‐35 (35S), and delta oxygen‐18 (δ18O) were compared to similar measurements from an ice core taken from the Upper Fremont Glacier in the Wind River Range of Wyoming collected in 1991–95. Meltwater samples from three sites on the rock glacier yielded 36Cl concentrations that ranged from 2.1±1.0×106 to 5.8±0.3×106 atoms/l. The ice‐core 36Cl concentrations from Galena Creek ranged from 3.4±0.3×105 to 1.0±0.1×106 atoms/l. Analysis of an ice core from the Upper Fremont Glacier yielded 36Cl concentrations of 1.2±0.2×106 and 5.2±0.2×106 atoms/l for pre‐1940 ice and between 2 ×106 and 3×106 atoms/l for post‐1980 ice. Purdue's PRIME Lab analyzed the ice from the Upper Fremont Glacier. The highest concentration of 36Cl in the ice was 77±2×106 atoms/l and was deposited during the peak of atmospheric nuclear weapons testing in the late 1950s. This is an order of magnitude greater than the largest measured concentration from both the Upper Fremont Glacier ice core that was not affected by weapons testing fallout and the ice core collected from the Galena Creek rock glacier.
Tritium concentrations from the rock glacier ranged from 9.2±0.6 to 13.2±0.8 tritium units (TU) in the meltwater to −1.3±1.3 TU in the ice core. Concentrations of 3H in the Upper Fremont Glacier ice core ranged from 0 TU in the ice older than 50 years to 6–12 TU in the ice deposited in the last 10 years. The maximum 3H concentration in ice from the Upper Fremont Glacier deposited in the early 1960s during peak weapons testing fallout for this isotope was 360 TU.
One meltwater sample from the rock glacier was analyzed for 35S with a measured concentration of 5.4±1.0 millibecquerel per liter (mBeq/l). Modern precipitation in the Rocky Mountains contains 35S from 10 to 40 mBeq/L. The δ18O results in meltwater from the Galena Creek rock glacier (−17.40±0.1 to −17.98±0.1 per mil) are similar to results for modern precipitation in the Rocky Mountains. Comparison of these isotopic concentrations from the two glaciers suggest that the meltwater at the Galena Creek site is composed mostly of melted snow and rain that percolates through the rock debris that covers the glacier. Additionally, this water from the rock debris is much younger (less than two years) than the reported age of about 2000 years for the subsurface ice at the mid‐glacier coring site. Thus the meltwater from the Galena Creek rock glacier is composed primarily of melted surface snow and rain water rather than melted glacier ice, supporting previous estimates of slow ablation rates beneath the surface debris of the rock glacier.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1111/j.0435-3676.1998.00044.x","issn":"04353676","usgsCitation":"Cecil, L., Green, J., Vogt, S., Michel, R., and Cottrell, G., 1998, Isotopic composition of ice cores and meltwater from upper fremont glacier and Galena Creek rock glacier, Wyoming: Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography, v. 80, no. 3-4, p. 287-292, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0435-3676.1998.00044.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"287","endPage":"292","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230986,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3fa0e4b0c8380cd6468f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cecil, L. DeWayne","contributorId":66856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cecil","given":"L. DeWayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, J.R.","contributorId":31146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vogt, S.","contributorId":86126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogt","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Michel, R.","contributorId":101042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cottrell, G.","contributorId":58417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cottrell","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70020501,"text":"70020501 - 1998 - Bacillus arsenicoselenatis, sp. nov., and Bacillus selenitireducens, sp. nov.: Two haloalkaliphiles from Mono Lake, California that respire oxyanions of selenium and arsenic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-01-30T09:09:03","indexId":"70020501","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":889,"text":"Archives of Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bacillus arsenicoselenatis, sp. nov., and Bacillus selenitireducens, sp. nov.: Two haloalkaliphiles from Mono Lake, California that respire oxyanions of selenium and arsenic","docAbstract":"Two gram-positive anaerobic bacteria (strains E1H and MLS10) were isolated from the anoxic muds of Mono Lake, California, an alkaline, hypersaline, arsenic-rich water body. Both grew by dissimilatory reduction of As(V) to As(III) with the concomitant oxidation of lactate to acetate plus CO2. Bacillus arsenicoselenatis (strain E1H) is a spore-forming rod that also grew by dissimilatory reduction of Se(VI) to Se(IV). Bacillus selenitireducens (strain MLS 10) is a short, non-spore-forming rod that grew by dissimilatory reduction of Se(IV) to Se(0). When the two isolates were cocultured, a complete reduction of Se(VI) to Se(0) was achieved. Both isolates are alkaliphiles and had optimal specific growth rates in the pH range of 8.5-10. Strain E1H had a salinity optimum at 60 g 1-1 NaCl, while strain MLS10 had optimal growth at lower salinities (24-60 g 1-1 NaCl). Both strains have limited abilities to grow with electron donors and acceptors other than those given above. Strain MLS10 demonstrated weak growth as a microaerophile and was also capable of fermentative growth on glucose, while strain E1H is a strict anaerobe. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis placed the two isolates with other Bacillus spp. in the low G+C gram-positive group of bacteria.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s002030050673","issn":"03028933","usgsCitation":"Switzer, B.J., Burns, B.A., Buzzelli, J., Stolz, J., and Oremland, R., 1998, Bacillus arsenicoselenatis, sp. nov., and Bacillus selenitireducens, sp. nov.: Two haloalkaliphiles from Mono Lake, California that respire oxyanions of selenium and arsenic: Archives of Microbiology, v. 171, no. 1, p. 19-30, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002030050673.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"30","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230985,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206856,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050673"}],"volume":"171","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ef8be4b0c8380cd4a2f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Switzer, Blum J.","contributorId":33076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Switzer","given":"Blum","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burns, Bindi A.","contributorId":24522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Bindi","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buzzelli, J.","contributorId":33882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buzzelli","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stolz, J.F.","contributorId":94022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stolz","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Oremland, R.S.","contributorId":97512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70020500,"text":"70020500 - 1998 - Sulfur geochemistry of hydrothermal waters in Yellowstone National Park: I. The origin of thiosulfate in hot spring waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-04T10:29:58","indexId":"70020500","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sulfur geochemistry of hydrothermal waters in Yellowstone National Park: I. The origin of thiosulfate in hot spring waters","docAbstract":"Thiosulfate (S2O32−), polythionate (SxO62−), dissolved sulfide (H2S), and sulfate (SO42−) concentrations in thirty-nine alkaline and acidic springs in Yellowstone National Park (YNP) were determined. The analyses were conducted on site, using ion chromatography for thiosulfate, polythionate, and sulfate, and using colorimetry for dissolved sulfide. Thiosulfate was detected at concentrations typically less than 2 μmol/L in neutral and alkaline chloride springs with low sulfate concentrations (Cl−/SO42− > 25). The thiosulfate concentration levels are about one to two orders of magnitude lower than the concentration of dissolved sulfide in these springs. In most acid sulfate and acid sulfate-chloride springs (Cl−/SO42− < 10), thiosulfate concentrations were also typically lower than 2 μmol/L. However, in some chloride springs enriched with sulfate (Cl−/SO42− between 10 to 25), thiosulfate was found at concentrations ranging from 9 to 95 μmol/L, higher than the concentrations of dissolved sulfide in these waters. Polythionate was detected only in Cinder Pool, Norris Geyser basin, at concentrations up to 8 μmol/L, with an average S-chain-length from 4.1 to 4.9 sulfur atoms.
The results indicate that no thiosulfate occurs in the deeper parts of the hydrothermal system. Thiosulfate may form, however, from (1) hydrolysis of native sulfur by hydrothermal solutions in the shallower parts (<50 m) of the system, (2) oxidation of dissolved sulfide upon mixing of a deep hydrothermal water with aerated shallow groundwater, and (3) the oxidation of dissolved sulfide by dissolved oxygen upon discharge of the hot spring. Upon discharge of a sulfide-containing hydrothermal water, oxidation proceeds rapidly as atmospheric oxygen enters the water. The transfer of oxygen is particularly effective if the hydrothermal discharge is turbulent and has a large surface area.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0016-7037(98)00269-5","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Xu, Y., Schoonen, M., Nordstrom, D.K., Cunningham, K., and Ball, J., 1998, Sulfur geochemistry of hydrothermal waters in Yellowstone National Park: I. The origin of thiosulfate in hot spring waters: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 62, no. 23-24, p. 3729-3743, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(98)00269-5.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"3729","endPage":"3743","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230948,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206847,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(98)00269-5"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.09374999999999,\n 42.50450285299051\n ],\n [\n -107.6220703125,\n 42.50450285299051\n ],\n [\n -107.6220703125,\n 44.99588261816546\n ],\n [\n -111.09374999999999,\n 44.99588261816546\n ],\n [\n -111.09374999999999,\n 42.50450285299051\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"62","issue":"23-24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9dd6e4b08c986b31dafd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xu, Y.","contributorId":47816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schoonen, M.A.A.","contributorId":82479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoonen","given":"M.A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":386451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cunningham, K.M.","contributorId":100020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ball, J.W.","contributorId":67507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70020466,"text":"70020466 - 1998 - Water-level changes in Lake Baikal, Siberia: Tectonism versus climate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-17T00:36:17.299874","indexId":"70020466","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water-level changes in Lake Baikal, Siberia: Tectonism versus climate","docAbstract":"Relative changes in the level of Lake Baikal, amounting to hundreds of meters in Quaternary time, are well documented. Data presented here show that tectonic displacements of the lake outlet or former shoreline features are entirely sufficient to explain these relative lake-level changes. In contrast, the morphology and hydrology of the lake make its level hydrologically insensitive to climate change. Available evidence indicates that, throughout the past several hundred thousand years, Lake Baikal was a dilute, through-flowing lake controlled by the level of its outlet. On the basis of geologic data alone, climatic effects on lake level, whatever their magnitude, are difficult to separate from those caused by active rift tectonism. However, consideration of (1) the hydrologic budget of the lake and (2) the configuration of the outlet suggests that potential lake-level fluctuations due solely to climate change were less than about 2 m.
Dissolved-solids data collected in the Upper Colorado River Basin upstream from Cameo, Colorado, and in the Gunnison River Basin were analyzed for trends in flow-adjusted dissolved-solids concentrations and loads for water years 1970 to 1993, 1980 to 1993, and 1986 to 1993. Trend results for flow-adjusted periodic dissolved-solids concentrations for the Colorado River Basin upstream from Cameo, CO, generally were downward or no trend was indicated. Trends in flow-adjusted monthly and annual dissolved-solids loads primarily were downward or absent. These trend results partly agree with the downward trends reported by a previous investigation for the Colorado River near Cameo site. In the Gunnison River Basin, trends in flow-adjusted dissolved-solids concentrations and loads were not detected for more than one-half of the site/analysis-period combinations. Of the trends that were present, most indicated decreases in concentrations and loads rather than increases. In both the Colorado River Basin upstream from Cameo, CO, and the Gunnison River Basin, trends in flow-adjusted dissolved-solids concentrations and flow-adjusted monthly and annual dissolved-solids loads may be affected by a variety of factors. These include channel evolution and hydrologic variation, water quality and flow rate of groundwater discharges and springs, sample size and period of record of dissolved-solids data, and changes in land use in the basin.
The 3H-3He dating method is applied in a buried-valley aquifer near Dayton, Ohio. The study area is large, not all sampling locations lie along well-defined flow paths, and existing wells with variable screen lengths and diameters are used. Reliable use of the method at this site requires addressing several complications: (1) The flow system is disturbed because of high pumping rates and induced infiltration; (2) tritium contamination is present in several areas of the aquifer; and (3) radiogenic helium concentrations are elevated in a significant number of the wells. The 3H-3He ages are examined for self-consistency by comparing the reconstructed tritium evolution to the annual weighted tritium measured in precipitation; deviations result from dispersion, tritium contamination, and mixing. 3H-3He ages are next examined for consistency with chlorofluorocarbon ages; the agreement is poor because of degradation of CFCs. Finally, the 3H-3He ages are examined for consistency with the current understanding of local hydrologic processes; the ages are generally supported by hydrogeologic data and the results of groundwater flow modeling coupled with particle-tracking analyses.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97WR03322","usgsCitation":"Shapiro, S.D., Rowe, G.L., Schlosser, P., Ludin, A., and Stute, M., 1998, Tritium-helium 3 dating under complex conditions in hydraulically stressed areas of a buried-valley aquifer: Water Resources Research, v. 34, no. 5, p. 1165-1180, https://doi.org/10.1029/97WR03322.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1165","endPage":"1180","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487337,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/97wr03322","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231367,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","city":"Dayton","volume":"34","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb874e4b08c986b32787e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shapiro, Stephanie Dunkle","contributorId":82738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Stephanie","email":"","middleInitial":"Dunkle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rowe, Gary L. glrowe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowe","given":"Gary","email":"glrowe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":385952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schlosser, Peter","contributorId":50936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlosser","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ludin, Andrea","contributorId":93232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludin","given":"Andrea","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stute, Martin","contributorId":131127,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stute","given":"Martin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7254,"text":"Columbia University - Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":385953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}