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Interpretations of these data are published periodically to update the record and help local officials manage this ground-water supply. Maps and hydrographs are presented on two sheets to aid in the interpretation of water-level changes for the period May 1989-May 1991. The altitude of the water table in the alluvial aquifer has increased as much as 5 feet in some areas during the 2-year period of May 1989-May 1991. Hydrographs for obser- vation wells throughout the alluvial aquifer show that water levels fluctuate seasonally and in response to wet and dry periods; overall, the water- level trend has been upward in recent years. Water levels in the downtown area are affected by the pumping of ground water to heat and cool several buildings in the area. Ground-water contour maps show induced infiltration of water from the Ohio River to the alluvial aquifer in downtown Louisville as a result of the ground-water pumping.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri944099","usgsCitation":"Unthank, M.D., 1995, Ground-water levels in and pumpage from the alluvial aquifer at Louisville, Kentucky, May 1989-May 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4099, 1 map on 2 sheets ; 31 x 22 cm. and 24 x 22 cm., sheets each 108 x 88 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944099.","productDescription":"1 map on 2 sheets ; 31 x 22 cm. and 24 x 22 cm., sheets each 108 x 88 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124041,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4099/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":82031,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4099/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db697fb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Unthank, Michael D. 0000-0003-2483-0431 munthank@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2483-0431","contributorId":3902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Unthank","given":"Michael","email":"munthank@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":19809,"text":"ofr95262 - 1995 - Application of heat flow equation to analyses of bottom simulation reflections","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:44","indexId":"ofr95262","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-262","title":"Application of heat flow equation to analyses of bottom simulation reflections","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr95262","usgsCitation":"Lee, M.W., 1995, Application of heat flow equation to analyses of bottom simulation reflections: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-262, 32 p. ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95262.","productDescription":"32 p. ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153147,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0262/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49294,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0262/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a984","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Myung W. mlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","email":"mlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":181557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":33245,"text":"b2056 - 1995 - Geologic studies in the Basin and Range-Colorado Plateau transition in southeastern Nevada, southwestern Utah, and northwestern Arizona, 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-27T20:59:33.074305","indexId":"b2056","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2056","title":"Geologic studies in the Basin and Range-Colorado Plateau transition in southeastern Nevada, southwestern Utah, and northwestern Arizona, 1992","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b2056","usgsCitation":"Scott, R.B., and Swadley, W.C., 1995, Geologic studies in the Basin and Range-Colorado Plateau transition in southeastern Nevada, southwestern Utah, and northwestern Arizona, 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2056, iii, 275 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2056.","productDescription":"iii, 275 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":61025,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2056/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":163278,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2056/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":401875,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22318.htm","text":"Stratigraphic relationships of Tertiary volcanic rocks in central Lincoln County, southeastern Nevada","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":481361,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22319.htm","text":"Stratigraphy of Miocene ash-flow tuffs in and near the Caliente caldera complex, southeastern Nevada and southwestern Utah","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":481362,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22320.htm","text":"Preliminary geochemistry of Miocene ash-flow tuffs in and near the Caliente caldera complex, southeastern Nevada and southwestern Utah","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":481363,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22321.htm","text":"Evidence of the Kane Springs Wash caldera in the Meadow Valley Mountains, southeastern Nevada","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":481364,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22322.htm","text":"Low-angle normal faults in Devonian rocks of the southern Delamar Mountains, Lincoln County, Nevada","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":481365,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22323.htm","text":"Paleomagnetic data from the Miocene Hiko Tuff, southeastern Nevada, and their tectonic implications","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":481366,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22324.htm","text":"Decoupling of mid-Tertiary rocks, Red Hills - western Markagunt Plateau, southwestern Utah","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Nevada, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Basin and Range-Colorado Plateau","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.4443359375,\n 36.03133177633187\n ],\n [\n -112.587890625,\n 36.03133177633187\n ],\n [\n -112.587890625,\n 38.20365531807149\n ],\n [\n -115.4443359375,\n 38.20365531807149\n ],\n [\n -115.4443359375,\n 36.03133177633187\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db68810e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, Robert B. rbscott@usgs.gov","contributorId":766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Robert","email":"rbscott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":210262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swadley, W. 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Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95178","usgsCitation":"Dorava, J.M., 1995, Overview of environmental and hydrogeologic conditions at Nome, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-178, iv, 12 p. ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95178.","productDescription":"iv, 12 p. ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150972,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0178/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48073,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0178/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a301","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dorava, Joseph M.","contributorId":87125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorava","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":18718,"text":"ofr95176 - 1995 - Overview of environmental and hydrogeologic conditions on Hinchinbrook Island, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:24","indexId":"ofr95176","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-176","title":"Overview of environmental and hydrogeologic conditions on Hinchinbrook Island, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S.G.S. Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95176","usgsCitation":"Dorava, J.M., and Murray, R.P., 1995, Overview of environmental and hydrogeologic conditions on Hinchinbrook Island, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-176, iv, 8 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95176.","productDescription":"iv, 8 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150995,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0176/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48077,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0176/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a237","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dorava, Joseph M.","contributorId":87125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorava","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murray, Rodrick P.","contributorId":23161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"Rodrick","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":35592,"text":"b2094D - 1995 - Source rock potential of the lower part of the Mississippian St. Louis Limestone in south-central Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-24T18:19:52.742526","indexId":"b2094D","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2094","chapter":"D","title":"Source rock potential of the lower part of the Mississippian St. Louis Limestone in south-central Indiana","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b2094D","usgsCitation":"Ridgley, J.L., and Nuccio, V.F., 1995, Source rock potential of the lower part of the Mississippian St. Louis Limestone in south-central Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2094, iii, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2094D.","productDescription":"iii, 12 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":420123,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_92820.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":63483,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2094d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":166117,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2094d/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.0586,\n 39.9272\n ],\n [\n -88.0586,\n 37.7717\n ],\n [\n -85.9536,\n 37.7717\n ],\n [\n -85.9536,\n 39.9272\n ],\n [\n -88.0586,\n 39.9272\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e7751","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ridgley, Jennie L. ridgley@usgs.gov","contributorId":1248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ridgley","given":"Jennie","email":"ridgley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":214904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nuccio, Vito F. vnuccio@usgs.gov","contributorId":853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nuccio","given":"Vito","email":"vnuccio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":214903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":69397,"text":"i2555 - 1995 - Chart showing lithology, mineralogy, and paleontology of the Pennsylvanian Hermosa Group at Hermosa Mountain, La Plata County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-15T15:10:48","indexId":"i2555","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2555","subseriesTitle":"NONE","title":"Chart showing lithology, mineralogy, and paleontology of the Pennsylvanian Hermosa Group at Hermosa Mountain, La Plata County, Colorado","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i2555","usgsCitation":"Franczyk, K., Clark, G., Brew, D., and Pitman, J.K., 1995, Chart showing lithology, mineralogy, and paleontology of the Pennsylvanian Hermosa Group at Hermosa Mountain, La Plata County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2555, -, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2555.","productDescription":"-","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":115609,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2555/report.pdf","size":"1917","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":115610,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2555/plate-1.pdf","size":"8415","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":187622,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2555/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4c68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Franczyk, K. J.","contributorId":60209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franczyk","given":"K. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Germaine","contributorId":79961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Germaine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brew, D.C.","contributorId":95962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brew","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pitman, Janet K. 0000-0002-0441-779X jpitman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0441-779X","contributorId":767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitman","given":"Janet","email":"jpitman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":280328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":20198,"text":"ofr95480 - 1995 - Earth science information and GIS technology in emergency management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:44","indexId":"ofr95480","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-480","title":"Earth science information and GIS technology in emergency management","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr95480","usgsCitation":"Mortensen, C.E., Wegenka, E.A., and Buika, J.K., 1995, Earth science information and GIS technology in emergency management: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-480, 13 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95480.","productDescription":"13 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152983,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0480/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49740,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0480/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c16d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mortensen, Carl E. cmortensen@usgs.gov","contributorId":3168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mortensen","given":"Carl","email":"cmortensen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":182235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wegenka, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":106144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wegenka","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buika, James K.","contributorId":78764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buika","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":25704,"text":"wri924052 - 1995 - Physical and chemical limnology of Ides Cove near Rochester, New York, 1970-1982","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:18","indexId":"wri924052","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4052","title":"Physical and chemical limnology of Ides Cove near Rochester, New York, 1970-1982","docAbstract":"Ides Cove is a small embayment on the western shore of Irondequoit Bay near Rochester, N.Y. In 1982, alum was applied to the cove to seal the bottom sediments and thereby decrease nutrient fluxes in an effort to assess the applicability of this technique to Irondequoit Bay. Published data were used to develop a baseline analysis of the chemical and physical limnology of Ides Cove prior to the alum treatment and to provide a basis for comparison and evaluation of post-treatment data. The baseline analysis also enables evaluation of trends in the nutrient status and mixing patterns in Ides Cove since the decrease of sewage inflows and use of road salt in the Irondequoit Bay and Ides Cove drainage basins during 1970-82. Data from 1970-72 and 1979-82 were used to construct partial and full-year depth profiles of several physical properties and chemical constituents of water in the cove; comparison of these profiles indicates a significant improvement in water quality between 1970 and 1982. The diversion of sewage out of the Irondequoit Creek drainage basin in the late 1970's resulted in an 80-percent decrease in total phosphate concentration and a 50- to 60-percent decrease in nitrogen (nitrate and ammonia) concentration in the cove. Indications of decreased primary productivity are associated with these lowered nutrient concentrations. Summer Secchi-disk transparency increased from 0.6 m (meters) in 1970-72 to 1.2 m in 1980-82; peak epilimnetic dissolved oxygen levels decreased from a range of 22 to 28 mg/L (milligrams per liter) to a range of 16 to 20 mg/L; and peak epilimnetic pH decreased from greater than 9.4 to between 8.8 and 9.0. The decrease in the use of road salt in the Irondequoit basin beginning in 1974 resulted in a decrease in chloride concentration and gradient (difference between the surface and bottom con- centration). The maximum annual chloride concentration in the epilimnion decreased from the 210-to-225-mg/L range in the spring of 1971-72 to the 140-to-l50-mg/L range in the spring of 1980-82, and the gradient between the hypolimnion and epilimnion during the spring decreased from the 80- to 160-mg/L range in 1971-72 to the O- to 90-mg/L range in 1980-82. Specific conductance values decreased similarly and indicate a comparable decrease in the density gradient from 1970-72 to 1980-82. The decrease in the density gradient resulted in an increase in the depth and duration of mixing in both the spring and fall of 1980-82, as illustrated by the profiles of physical properties, including temperature and specific conductance, and of chemical properties and constituents, including pH, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, chloride, silica, and several species of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. These data indicate that Ides Cove, which was described as marginally meromictic in the early 1970's, had evolved by the early 1980's into a spring meromictic water body that underwent complete mixing in the fall and was approaching a consistent dimictic condition with spring and fall mixing. Thus, water quality and mixing patterns of the cove improved with the removal of sewage and the decrease in the use of road salt.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S. Geological Survey, Books and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri924052","usgsCitation":"Bubeck, R., Staubitz, W., Weidemann, A., and Spittal, L., 1995, Physical and chemical limnology of Ides Cove near Rochester, New York, 1970-1982: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4052, v, 45 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924052.","productDescription":"v, 45 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123538,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4052/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54466,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4052/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685c28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bubeck, R.C.","contributorId":81940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bubeck","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Staubitz, W. W.","contributorId":73209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staubitz","given":"W. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weidemann, A.D.","contributorId":92705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weidemann","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Spittal, L.P.","contributorId":41864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spittal","given":"L.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":18709,"text":"ofr95173 - 1995 - Overview of environmental and hydrogeologic conditions at Bethel, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:30","indexId":"ofr95173","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-173","title":"Overview of environmental and hydrogeologic conditions at Bethel, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95173","usgsCitation":"Dorava, J.M., and Hogan, E.V., 1995, Overview of environmental and hydrogeologic conditions at Bethel, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-173, 1 v. (various pagings) :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95173.","productDescription":"1 v. (various pagings) :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151874,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0173/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48068,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0173/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a382","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dorava, Joseph M.","contributorId":87125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorava","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hogan, Eppie V.","contributorId":65101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hogan","given":"Eppie","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30303,"text":"wri944194 - 1995 - Water quality of storm runoff and comparison of procedures for estimating storm-runoff loads, volume, event-mean concentrations, and the mean load for a storm for selected properties and constituents for Colorado Springs, southeastern Colorado, 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-23T22:10:06.419017","indexId":"wri944194","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4194","title":"Water quality of storm runoff and comparison of procedures for estimating storm-runoff loads, volume, event-mean concentrations, and the mean load for a storm for selected properties and constituents for Colorado Springs, southeastern Colorado, 1992","docAbstract":"The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency requires that municipalities that have a population of 100,000 or greater obtain National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permits to characterize the quality of their storm runoff. In 1992, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Colorado Springs City Engineering Division, began a study to characterize the water quality of storm runoff and to evaluate procedures for the estimation of storm-runoff loads, volume and event-mean concentrations for selected properties and constituents. Precipitation, streamflow, and water-quality data were collected during 1992 at five sites in Colorado Springs. Thirty-five samples were collected, seven at each of the five sites. At each site, three samples were collected for permitting purposes; two of the samples were collected during rainfall runoff, and one sample was collected during snowmelt runoff. Four additional samples were collected at each site to obtain a large enough sample size to estimate storm-runoff loads, volume, and event-mean concentrations for selected properties and constituents using linear-regression procedures developed using data from the Nationwide Urban Runoff Program (NURP). Storm-water samples were analyzed for as many as 186 properties and constituents. The constituents measured include total-recoverable metals, vola-tile-organic compounds, acid-base/neutral organic compounds, and pesticides. Storm runoff sampled had large concentrations of chemical oxygen demand and 5-day biochemical oxygen demand. Chemical oxygen demand ranged from 100 to 830 milligrams per liter, and 5.-day biochemical oxygen demand ranged from 14 to 260 milligrams per liter. Total-organic carbon concentrations ranged from 18 to 240 milligrams per liter. The total-recoverable metals lead and zinc had the largest concentrations of the total-recoverable metals analyzed. Concentrations of lead ranged from 23 to 350 micrograms per liter, and concentrations of zinc ranged from 110 to 1,400 micrograms per liter. The data for 30 storms representing rainfall runoff from 5 drainage basins were used to develop single-storm local-regression models. The response variables, storm-runoff loads, volume, and event-mean concentrations were modeled using explanatory variables for climatic, physical, and land-use characteristics. The r2 for models that use ordinary least-squares regression ranged from 0.57 to 0.86 for storm-runoff loads and volume and from 0.25 to 0.63 for storm-runoff event-mean concentrations. Except for cadmium, standard errors of estimate ranged from 43 to 115 percent for storm- runoff loads and volume and from 35 to 66 percent for storm-runoff event-mean concentrations. Eleven of the 30 concentrations collected during rainfall runoff for total-recoverable cadmium were censored (less than) concentrations. Ordinary least-squares regression should not be used with censored data; however, censored data can be included with uncensored data using tobit regression. Standard errors of estimate for storm-runoff load and event-mean concentration for total-recoverable cadmium, computed using tobit regression, are 247 and 171 percent. Estimates from single-storm regional-regression models, developed from the Nationwide Urban Runoff Program data base, were compared with observed storm-runoff loads, volume, and event-mean concentrations determined from samples collected in the study area. Single-storm regional-regression models tended to overestimate storm-runoff loads, volume, and event-mean con-centrations. Therefore, single-storm local- and regional-regression models were combined using model-adjustment procedures to take advantage of the strengths of both models while minimizing the deficiencies of each model. Procedures were used to develop single-stormregression equations that were adjusted using local data and estimates from single-storm regional-regression equations. Single-storm regression models developed using model- adjustment proce","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944194","usgsCitation":"Von Guerard, P., and Weiss, W.B., 1995, Water quality of storm runoff and comparison of procedures for estimating storm-runoff loads, volume, event-mean concentrations, and the mean load for a storm for selected properties and constituents for Colorado Springs, southeastern Colorado, 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4194, iv, 68 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944194.","productDescription":"iv, 68 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":409620,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48067.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":59095,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4194/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159776,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4194/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Colorado Springs","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.69843282718571,\n 38.88682699005443\n ],\n [\n -104.93694788093742,\n 38.88682699005443\n ],\n [\n -104.93694788093742,\n 38.73893775339917\n ],\n [\n -104.69843282718571,\n 38.73893775339917\n ],\n [\n -104.69843282718571,\n 38.88682699005443\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67ae7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Von Guerard, Paul","contributorId":40620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Von Guerard","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weiss, W. B.","contributorId":57506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiss","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30240,"text":"wri944082 - 1995 - Geohydrology and ground-water quality of east King County, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:55","indexId":"wri944082","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4082","title":"Geohydrology and ground-water quality of east King County, Washington","docAbstract":"East King County is a 250-square-mile area east of Seattle underlain by as much as 1,200 feet of unconsolidated deposits of glacial and nonglacial origin. A surficial geology map and 12 geohydrologic sections were constructed and used to delineate 10 geohydrologic units, 4 of which are major aquifers. Annual precipitation over the study area averages 57 inches, of which 31 inches, or 413,000 acre-feet, enter the ground-water system as recharge. Some 98,500 acre-feet of ground water is estimated to discharge to surface water bodies each year, 9,540 acre-feet is discharged through springs, and 4,270 acre-feet is withdrawn from wells. The chemical quality of the ground water in east King County is typical of that in other areas of western Washington. The median dissolved-solids concen- tration of 124 samples analyzed was 115 milligrams per liter, and 95 percent of the water samples were classified as soft or moderately hard. The median nitrate concentration was 0.07 milligrams per liter, and no widespread nitrate contamination was apparent.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S.G.S. Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section, [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944082","usgsCitation":"Turney, G.L., Kahle, S.C., and Dion, N.P., 1995, Geohydrology and ground-water quality of east King County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4082, v, 123 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944082.","productDescription":"v, 123 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119485,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4082/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59012,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4082/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59013,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4082/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59014,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4082/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59015,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4082/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59016,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4082/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59017,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4082/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8d0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Turney, G. L.","contributorId":95070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turney","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kahle, S. C.","contributorId":46992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kahle","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dion, N. P.","contributorId":33302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dion","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":66161,"text":"i2362 - 1995 - Geologic map and structure sections of the Clear Lake Volcanics, Northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-13T17:16:49","indexId":"i2362","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2362","subseriesTitle":"NONE","title":"Geologic map and structure sections of the Clear Lake Volcanics, Northern California","docAbstract":"The Clear Lake Volcanics are located in the California Coast Ranges about 150 km north of San Francisco. This Quaternary volcanic field has erupted intermittently since 2.1 million years ago. This volcanic field is considered a high-threat volcanic system (Ewert and others, 2005) The adjacent Geysers geothermal field, largest power-producing geothermal field in the world, is powered by the magmatic heat source for the volcanic field. This report consists of three sheets that include the geologic map, one table, two figures, three cross sections, description of map units, charts of standard and diagrammatic correlation of map units, and references. This map supersedes U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 76-751. Descriptions of map units are grouped by geographic area. Summaries of the evolution, chemistry, structure, and tectonic setting of the Clear Lake Volcanics are given in Hearn and others (1981) and Donnelly-Nolan and others (1981). The geology of parts of the area underlain by the Cache Formation is based on mapping by Rymer (1981); the geology of parts of the areas underlain by the Sonoma Volcanics, Franciscan assemblage, and Great Valley sequence is based on mapping by McLaughlin (1978). Volcanic compositional map units are basalt, basaltic andesite, andesite, dacite, rhyodacite, and rhyolite, based on SiO2 content. Included in this report are maps showing the distribution of volcanic rocks through time and a chart showing erupted volumes of different lava types through time. A table gives petrographic data for each map unit by mineral type, abundance, and size. Most ages are potassium-argon (K/Ar) ages determined for whole-rock samples and mineral separates by Donnelly-Nolan and others (1981), unless otherwise noted. A few ages are carbon-14 ages or were estimated from geologic relationships. Magnetic polarities are from Mankinen and others (1978; 1981) or were determined in the field by B.C. Hearn, Jr., using a portable fluxgate magnetometer. Thickness for most units is estimated from topographic relief except where drill-hole data were available.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i2362","usgsCitation":"Hearn, B.C., Donnelly-Nolan, J., and Goff, F., 1995, Geologic map and structure sections of the Clear Lake Volcanics, Northern California: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2362, 1 map on 2 sheets :col. ;181 x 135 cm., sheets 105 x 142 cm. and 105 x 147 cm. +1 data sheet (105 x 142 cm.), folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/i2362.","productDescription":"1 map on 2 sheets :col. ;181 x 135 cm., sheets 105 x 142 cm. and 105 x 147 cm. +1 data sheet (105 x 142 cm.), folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":188232,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":107392,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2362/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"10247"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"Clear Lake Volcanics","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.91666666666667,38.700833333333335 ], [ -122.91666666666667,39.083333333333336 ], [ -122.5,39.083333333333336 ], [ -122.5,38.700833333333335 ], [ -122.91666666666667,38.700833333333335 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db671fcb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hearn, B. C. Jr.","contributorId":37709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hearn","given":"B.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":274077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Donnelly-Nolan, J.M.","contributorId":104936,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donnelly-Nolan","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":274078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goff, F.E.","contributorId":26808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goff","given":"F.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":274076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":26764,"text":"wri954012 - 1995 - A computer program (MACPUMP) for interactive aquifer-test analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-07T11:17:19","indexId":"wri954012","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4012","title":"A computer program (MACPUMP) for interactive aquifer-test analysis","docAbstract":"This report introduces MACPUMP (Version 1.0), an aquifer-test-analysis package for use with Macintosh4 computers. The report outlines the input- data format, describes the solutions encoded in the program, explains the menu-items, and offers a tutorial illustrating the use of the program. The package reads list-directed aquifer-test data from a file, plots the data to the screen, generates and plots type curves for several different test conditions, and allows mouse-controlled curve matching. MACPUMP features pull-down menus, a simple text viewer for displaying data-files, and optional on-line help windows. This version includes the analytical solutions for nonleaky and leaky confined aquifers, using both type curves and straight-line methods, and for the analysis of single-well slug tests using type curves. An executable version of the code and sample input data sets are included on an accompanying floppy disk.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri954012","usgsCitation":"Day-Lewis, F., Person, M., and Konikow, L.F., 1995, A computer program (MACPUMP) for interactive aquifer-test analysis: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4012, iv, 32 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954012.","productDescription":"iv, 32 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":366927,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4012/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158231,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4012/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b27e4b07f02db6b0d45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Day-Lewis, F. D. 0000-0003-3526-886X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-886X","contributorId":35773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day-Lewis","given":"F. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Person, M.A.","contributorId":91108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Person","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":196961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":25873,"text":"wri944257 - 1995 - Analysis of steady-state flow and advective transport in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer system, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:31","indexId":"wri944257","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4257","title":"Analysis of steady-state flow and advective transport in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer system, Idaho","docAbstract":"Quantitative estimates of ground-water flow directions and traveltimes for advective flow were developed for the regional aquifer system of the eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho. The work included: (1) descriptions of compartments in the aquifer that function as intermediate and regional flow systems, (2) descriptions of pathlines for flow originating at or near the water table, and (3) quantitative estimates of traveltimes for advective transport originating at or near the water table. A particle-tracking postprocessing program was used to compute pathlines on the basis of output from an existing three-dimensional steady-state flow model. The flow model uses 1980 conditions to approximate average annual conditions for 1950-80. The advective transport model required additional information about the nature of flow across model boundaries, aquifer thickness, and porosity. Porosity of two types of basalt strata has been reported for more than 1,500 individual cores from test holes, wells, and outcrops near the south side of the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory. The central 80 percent of samples had porosities of 0.08 to 0.25, the central 50 percent of samples, O. 11 to 0.21. Calibration of the model involved choosing a value for porosity that yielded the best solution. Two radiologic contaminants, iodine-129 and tritium, both introduced to the flow system about 40 years ago, are relatively conservative tracers. Iodine- 129 was considered to be more useful because of a lower analytical detection limit, longer half-life, and longer flow path. The calibration value for porosity was 0.21. Most flow in the aquifer is contained within a regional-scale compartment and follows paths that discharge to the Snake River downstream from Milner Dam. Two intermediate-scale compartments exist along the southeast side of the aquifer and near Mud Lake.One intermediate-scale compartment along the southeast side of the aquifer discharges to the Snake River near American Fails Reservoir and covers an area of nearly 1,000 square miles. This compartment, which receives recharge from an area of intensive surface-water irrigation, is apparently fairly stable. The other intermediate-scale compartment near Mud Lake covers an area of 300 square miles. The stability and size of this compartment are uncertain, but are assumed to be in a state of change. Traveltimes for advective flow from the water table to discharge points in the regional compartment ranged from 12 to 350 years for 80 percent of the particles; in the intermediate-scale flow compartment near American Falls Reservoir, from 7 to 60 years for 80 percent of the particles; and in the intermediate-scale compartment near Mud Lake, from 25 to 100 years for 80 percent of the particles. Traveltimes are sensitive to porosity and assumptions regarding the importance of the strength of internal sinks, which represent ground-water pumpage. A decrease in porosity results in shorter traveltimes but not a uniform decrease in traveltime, because the porosity and thickness is different in each model layer. Most flow was horizontal and occurred in the top 500 feet of the aquifer. An important limitation of the model is the assumption of steady-state flow. The most recent trend in the flow system has been a decrease in recharge since 1987 because of an extended drought and changes in land use. A decrease in flow through the system will result in longer traveltimes than those predicted for a greater flow. Because the interpretation of the model was limited to flow on a larger scale, and did not consider individual wells or well fields, the interpretations were not seriously limited by the discretization of well discharge. The interpretations made from this model also were limited by the discretization of the major discharge areas. Near discharge areas, pathlines might not be representative at the resolution of the grid. Most \t improvement in the estimates of ground-waterflow directions and travelt","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S.G.S. Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944257","usgsCitation":"Ackerman, D.J., 1995, Analysis of steady-state flow and advective transport in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer system, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4257, iv, 25 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944257.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119122,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4257/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54625,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4257/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db6801c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ackerman, D. J.","contributorId":53380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":17429,"text":"ofr95163 - 1995 - National Water-Quality Assessment Program, western Lake Michigan drainages: Summaries of liaison committee meeting, Green Bay, Wisconsin, March 28-29, 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-16T15:05:16","indexId":"ofr95163","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-163","title":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program, western Lake Michigan drainages: Summaries of liaison committee meeting, Green Bay, Wisconsin, March 28-29, 1995","docAbstract":"The Western Lake Michigan Drainages (WMIC) study unit, under investigation since 1991, drains 20,000 square miles (mi2) in eastern Wisconsin and Upper Michigan (fig. 1). The major water-quality issues in the WMIC study unit are: (1) nonpoint-source contamination of surface and ground water by agricultural chemicals, (2) contamination in bottom sediments of rivers and harbors by toxic substances, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's), other synthetic organic compounds, and trace elements, (3) nutrient enrichment of rivers and lakes resulting from nonpoint- and point-source discharges, and (4) acidification and mercury contamination of lakes in poorly buffered watersheds in the northwestern part of the study unit.
\nA study-unit liaison committee, which includes representatives of Federal, State, university, and private and citizen organizations, has met annually since 1991 to review plans and results and guide the investigators toward policy-relevant efforts. The results of research conducted in the WMIC study unit by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and non-USGS researchers were presented at the liaison committee meeting held in Green Bay, Wis., on March 28-29, 1995. This report contains summaries of the oral presentations given at the WMIC 1995 liaison committee meeting.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95163","usgsCitation":"Peters, C.A., 1995, National Water-Quality Assessment Program, western Lake Michigan drainages: Summaries of liaison committee meeting, Green Bay, Wisconsin, March 28-29, 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-163, vi, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95163.","productDescription":"vi, 57 p.","numberOfPages":"51","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":46571,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0163/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":149305,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0163/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.044921875,\n 45.98169518512228\n ],\n [\n -85.97900390625,\n 46.51351558059737\n ],\n [\n -86.6162109375,\n 46.437856895024225\n ],\n [\n -87.38525390624999,\n 46.37725420510028\n ],\n [\n -88.0224609375,\n 46.58906908309182\n ],\n [\n -88.87939453125,\n 46.27103747280261\n ],\n [\n -89.384765625,\n 45.5679096098613\n ],\n [\n -89.89013671875,\n 45.042478050891546\n ],\n [\n -89.93408203124999,\n 44.512176171071054\n ],\n [\n -89.8681640625,\n 43.94537239244209\n ],\n [\n -89.9560546875,\n 43.43696596521823\n ],\n [\n -89.89013671875,\n 43.1811470593997\n ],\n [\n -89.31884765624999,\n 43.004647127794435\n ],\n [\n -88.681640625,\n 42.84375132629021\n ],\n [\n -87.890625,\n 42.61779143282346\n ],\n [\n -87.8466796875,\n 42.553080288955826\n ],\n [\n -87.802734375,\n 43.389081939117496\n ],\n [\n -87.5390625,\n 44.071800467511565\n ],\n [\n -87.29736328125,\n 44.574817404670306\n ],\n [\n -86.94580078125,\n 45.01141864227728\n ],\n [\n -86.63818359375,\n 45.398449976304086\n ],\n [\n -86.484375,\n 45.62940492064501\n ],\n [\n -86.044921875,\n 45.98169518512228\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c72b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, Charles A. capeters@usgs.gov","contributorId":214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"Charles","email":"capeters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":176360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25669,"text":"wri944229 - 1995 - Methods for assessing channel conditions related to scour-critical conditions at bridges in Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:24","indexId":"wri944229","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4229","title":"Methods for assessing channel conditions related to scour-critical conditions at bridges in Tennessee","docAbstract":"The ability to assess quickly the potential for scour at a bridge site, to evaluate those bridges with the greatest potential for significant amounts of scour, and to then identify scour-critical structures is important for public protection and bridge maintenance planning. A bridge-scour assessment information form was developed for collecting data describing the bridge site; the hydraulic geomorphic, and vegetation characteristics of the channel. Information from site assessments of 3,964 bridges in Tennessee was used to develop indexes of potential scour characteristics over broad geographic areas, such as counties, regions, or drainage basins. Channel instability charac- teristics differ from region to region. In west Tennessee counties, channel instability has progressed from valley bottoms into the uplands through headward degradation. In middle and east counties of Tennessee, channel widening is a dominant process, but widespread degradation has been prevented by stream beds being lines with erosion-resistant bedrock, boulder, cobble, and gravel, and by the absence of channelization. Neither quantifiable headcutting nor degradation in bedrock channels was noted at any site in the State. However, potential for lateral scour is prevalent in Middle and East Tennessee.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944229","usgsCitation":"Bryan, B., Simon, A., Outlaw, G., and Thomas, R., 1995, Methods for assessing channel conditions related to scour-critical conditions at bridges in Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4229, iv, 54 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944229.","productDescription":"iv, 54 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122476,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4229/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54439,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4229/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a13b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bryan, B.A.","contributorId":95080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryan","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simon, Andrew","contributorId":78334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Outlaw, G.S.","contributorId":51330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Outlaw","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thomas, Randy rthomas@usgs.gov","contributorId":3650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Randy","email":"rthomas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":194584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":25766,"text":"wri944131 - 1995 - Simulated ground-water flow and sources of water in the Killbuck Creek Valley near Wooster, Wayne County, Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:13","indexId":"wri944131","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4131","title":"Simulated ground-water flow and sources of water in the Killbuck Creek Valley near Wooster, Wayne County, Ohio","docAbstract":"The stratified-drift aquifer in the 3,000-ft (feet)-wide and 100-ft-deep buried valley of Killbuck Creek near Wooster in northeastern Ohio was studied. The stratified drift with adjacent sandstone and shale bedrock produce a system of ground-water flow representative of the western part of the glaciated north-eastern United States. The stratified-drift aquifer is an excellent source of water for municipal and industrial wells. The aquifer is recharged locally by water from precipitation on the valley floor and uplands, by infiltration from streams, and by lateral flow to the valley from the uplands. As a result, the aquifer is vulnerable to surface or subsurface spills of contaminants in the valley or the adjacent uplands. Quality of water in the stratified drift is affected by influx of water from bedrock lateral to or beneath the valley. This influx is controlled, in part, by the pumping stress placed on the stratified-drift aquifer.\r\n\r\nHydrogeologic and aqueous-geochemical data were analyzed to establish the framework necessary for stead-state and transient simulations of ground-water flow in stratified drift and bedrock with a three-layer ground-water-flow model. A new model routine, the Variable-Recharge procedure, was developed to simulate areal recharge and the contribution of the uplands to the drift system. This procedure allows for water applied to land surface to infiltrate or to be rejected. Rejected recharge and ground water discharged when the water table is at land surface form surface runoff-this excess upland water can be redirected as runoff to other parts of the model.\r\n\r\nInfiltration of streamwater, areal recharge to uplands and valley, and lateral subsurface flow from the uplands to the valley are sources of water to the stratufued0druft aquifer. Water is removed from the stratified-drift aquifer at Wooster primarily by production wells pumping at a rate of approximately 8.5 ft3/s (cubic feet per second). The ground-water budget resulting from two types of simulations of ground-water flow in this study indicates the primary sources of water to the wells are recharge at or near land surface and lateral subsurface flow from the shale and sandstone bedrock. Components of recharge at land surface include induced infiltration from streams, precipitation on the valley floor, and infiltration of unchanneled upland runoff that reaches the valley floor.\r\n\r\nThe steady-state simulation was designed to represent conditions during the fall of 1984. The transient simulation was designed to represent an 11-day snowmelt event, 23 February to 5 March 1985, that caused water levels to rise significantly throughout the valley. Areal recharge to the valley and flow from the uplands to the valley were determined through the Variable-Recharge procedure. The total steady-state recharge to the valley was 12.5 ft3/s. Upland sources, areal valley recharge, and induced infiltration from Killnuck Creek accounted for 63, 23, and 8 percent, respectively, of the valley recharge.\r\n\r\nAn analysis of the simulated vertical flow to the buried stratified drift through surficial slit, clay, and fine sand indicates that about 75 percent of the total recharge to the buried deposits is the sum of areally extensive, relatively small flows less than about 0.01 ft? /s per model node), whereas about 25 percent of the recharge results from a really restricted, relatively large flows (greater than about 0.01 ft? /s per model node). The large-magnitude flows are located primarily beneath Clear and Little Killbuck Creeks where seepage provides abundant recharge and the surficial sediments grade into coarser alluvial-fan deposits.\r\n\r\nChemical and isotopic studies of ground water and streamwater combined with measurements of stream infiltration provide independent support for the conclusions derived from computer simulation of ground-water flow. In addition, the chemical and isotopic studies helped quantity the rate and pathways of infiltrating water from ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944131","usgsCitation":"Breen, K.J., Kontis, A., Rowe, G., and Haefner, R., 1995, Simulated ground-water flow and sources of water in the Killbuck Creek Valley near Wooster, Wayne County, Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4131, vi, 104 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944131.","productDescription":"vi, 104 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157014,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4131/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54522,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4131/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f9e4b07f02db5f332a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breen, K. J.","contributorId":44176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breen","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kontis, A.L.","contributorId":69542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kontis","given":"A.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rowe, G.L.","contributorId":23978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowe","given":"G.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haefner, R.J.","contributorId":72393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haefner","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":20246,"text":"ofr95174 - 1995 - Overview of environmental and hydrogeologic conditions on Fire Island, Anchorage, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:44","indexId":"ofr95174","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-174","title":"Overview of environmental and hydrogeologic conditions on Fire Island, Anchorage, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95174","usgsCitation":"Nakanishi, A.S., 1995, Overview of environmental and hydrogeologic conditions on Fire Island, Anchorage, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-174, 1 v. (various pagings) :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95174.","productDescription":"1 v. (various pagings) :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152880,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0174/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49787,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0174/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a227","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nakanishi, Allan S.","contributorId":93081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nakanishi","given":"Allan","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":20817,"text":"ofr95493 - 1995 - Geology of the Venezuelan Guayana Shield at 1:500,000 scale; a digital representation of maps published by the U.S. Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:42","indexId":"ofr95493","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-493","title":"Geology of the Venezuelan Guayana Shield at 1:500,000 scale; a digital representation of maps published by the U.S. Geological Survey","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr95493","usgsCitation":"Schruben, P.G., 1995, Geology of the Venezuelan Guayana Shield at 1:500,000 scale; a digital representation of maps published by the U.S. Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-493, 11 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95493.","productDescription":"11 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153371,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0493/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50368,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0493/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67ca08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schruben, Paul G.","contributorId":38974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schruben","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26325,"text":"wri944256 - 1995 - Estimated availability of water from stratified-drift aquifers in the Concord River Basin, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:25","indexId":"wri944256","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4256","title":"Estimated availability of water from stratified-drift aquifers in the Concord River Basin, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Management, Office of Water Resources, studied the Concord River Basin to estimate the volume of water that is available from stratified-drift aquifers. A combined hydrograph-separation and streamflow- duration-curve analysis indicates that 20.8 million cubic feet of water can be withdrawn from the stratified-drift aquifer above the South Acton streamflow-gaging station during a 102-day period of no recharge before streamflow is reduced to a prescribed minimum level. This volume, which equaled 2.85 million cubic feet per square mile of strati- fied drift, was used to estimate volume of available water for the 17 aquifer areas in the Concord River Basin. The total volume of available water in the Concord River Basin is estimated to be 561 million cubic feet. Finite-difference ground-water-flow models for the River Meadow Brook aquifer area and the Sudbury and Concord aquifer area quantified the current and potential water availability. The results of three withdrawal simulations for each aquifer area indicate that the 1989 withdrawal rates do not exceed the volume of water available during a 102-day period of no recharge. Results from model simulations of 10- and 65-percent water-table draw- down at existing and hypothetical wells indicate that withdrawn water volumes would exceed the available water in the two aquifer areas.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S.G.S. Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944256","usgsCitation":"Bratton, L., and Parker, G.W., 1995, Estimated availability of water from stratified-drift aquifers in the Concord River Basin, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4256, iv, 35 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944256.","productDescription":"iv, 35 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2015,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri944256/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":118986,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_94_4256.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a326","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bratton, Lisa lbratton@usgs.gov","contributorId":362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bratton","given":"Lisa","email":"lbratton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":196184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parker, Gene W. gwparker@usgs.gov","contributorId":1392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"Gene","email":"gwparker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":196185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}