An aerial spray droplets' transport model has been developed by applying recent advances in Lagrangian stochastic simulation of heavy particles. A two-dimensional Lagrangian stochastic model was adopted to simulate the spray droplet dispersion in atmospheric turbulence by adjusting the Lagrangian integral time scale along the drop trajectory. The other major physical processes affecting the transport of spray droplets above a forest canopy, the aircraft wingtip vortices and the droplet evaporation, were also included in each time step of the droplets' transport.
The model was evaluated using data from an aerial spray field experiment. In generally neutral stability conditions, the accuracy of the model predictions varied from run-to-run as expected. The average root-mean-square error was 24.61 IU cm−2, and the average relative error was 15%. The model prediction was adequate in two-dimensional steady wind conditions, but was less accurate in variable wind condition. The results indicated that the model can simulate successfully the ensemble; average transport of aerial spray droplets under neutral, steady atmospheric wind conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0168-1923(95)02221-I","usgsCitation":"Wang, Y., Miller, D.R., Anderson, D.E., and McManus, M.L., 1995, A Lagrangian stochastic model for aerial spray transport above an oak forest: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, v. 76, no. 3-4, p. 277-291, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1923(95)02221-I.","productDescription":"15 p. ","startPage":"277","endPage":"291","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337943,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d23b92e4b0236b68f8290c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Yansen","contributorId":189613,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Yansen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, David R.","contributorId":189614,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Dean E. deander@usgs.gov","contributorId":662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Dean","email":"deander@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":685391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McManus, Michael L.","contributorId":189612,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McManus","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70185366,"text":"70185366 - 1995 - Hydrologic and geochemical effects on oxygen uptake in bottom sediments of an effluent-dominated river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T08:52:15","indexId":"70185366","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic and geochemical effects on oxygen uptake in bottom sediments of an effluent-dominated river","docAbstract":"More than 95% of the water in the South Platte River downstream from the largest wastewater treatment plant serving the metropolitan Denver, Colorado, area consists of treated effluent during some periods of low flow. Fluctuations in effluent-discharge rates caused daily changes in river stage that promoted exchange of water between the river and bottom sediments. Groundwater discharge measurements indicated fluxes of water across the sediment-water interface as high as 18 m3 s−1 km−1. Laboratory experiments indicated that downward movement of surface water through bottom sediments at velocities comparable to those measured in the field (median rate ≈0.005 cm s−1) substantially increased dissolved oxygen uptake rates in bottom sediments (maximum rate 212 ± 10 μmol O2 L−1 h−1) compared with rates obtained when no vertical advective flux was generated (maximum rate 25 ± 8.8 μmol O2 L−1 h−1). Additions of dissolved ammonium to surface waters generally increased dissolved oxygen uptake rates relative to rates measured in experiments without ammonium. However, the magnitude of the advective flux through bottom sediments had a greater effect on dissolved oxygen uptake rates than did the availability of ammonium. Results from this study indicated that efforts to improve dissolved oxygen dynamics in effluent-dominated rivers might include stabilizing daily fluctuations in river stage.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/95WR02106","usgsCitation":"McMahon, P., Tindall, J., Collins, J., Lull, K., and Nuttle, J., 1995, Hydrologic and geochemical effects on oxygen uptake in bottom sediments of an effluent-dominated river: Water Resources Research, v. 31, no. 10, p. 2561-2569, https://doi.org/10.1029/95WR02106.","productDescription":"9 p. ","startPage":"2561","endPage":"2569","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337927,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"South Platte River ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.86587524414062,\n 39.953964380766394\n ],\n [\n -104.84527587890625,\n 39.93343343839839\n ],\n [\n -104.78622436523436,\n 40.0013199623656\n ],\n [\n -104.8037338256836,\n 40.14161503577775\n ],\n [\n -104.80236053466795,\n 40.25463862134722\n ],\n [\n -104.85523223876953,\n 40.270881732382215\n ],\n [\n -104.88372802734375,\n 40.27533480732468\n ],\n [\n -104.87926483154297,\n 40.25542466812209\n ],\n [\n -104.85694885253905,\n 40.16995417975561\n ],\n [\n -104.86587524414062,\n 39.953964380766394\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d23b93e4b0236b68f8290e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMahon, P.B. 0000-0001-7452-2379","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":10762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"P.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tindall, J.A.","contributorId":25711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tindall","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Collins, J.A.","contributorId":72412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lull, K.J.","contributorId":19591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lull","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nuttle, J.R.","contributorId":189602,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nuttle","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":26764,"text":"wri954012 - 1995 - A computer program (MACPUMP) for interactive aquifer-test analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-07T11:17:19","indexId":"wri954012","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4012","title":"A computer program (MACPUMP) for interactive aquifer-test analysis","docAbstract":"This report introduces MACPUMP (Version 1.0), an aquifer-test-analysis package for use with Macintosh4 computers. The report outlines the input- data format, describes the solutions encoded in the program, explains the menu-items, and offers a tutorial illustrating the use of the program. The package reads list-directed aquifer-test data from a file, plots the data to the screen, generates and plots type curves for several different test conditions, and allows mouse-controlled curve matching. MACPUMP features pull-down menus, a simple text viewer for displaying data-files, and optional on-line help windows. This version includes the analytical solutions for nonleaky and leaky confined aquifers, using both type curves and straight-line methods, and for the analysis of single-well slug tests using type curves. An executable version of the code and sample input data sets are included on an accompanying floppy disk.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri954012","usgsCitation":"Day-Lewis, F., Person, M., and Konikow, L.F., 1995, A computer program (MACPUMP) for interactive aquifer-test analysis: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4012, iv, 32 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954012.","productDescription":"iv, 32 p. 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(compiler)","contributorId":28254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeBortoli","given":"Myrna","suffix":"(compiler)","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25429,"text":"wri944191 - 1995 - Data on natural organic substances in dissolved, colloidal, suspended-silt and -clay, and bed-sediment phases in the Mississippi River and some of its tributaries, 1991-92","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-08T12:48:57","indexId":"wri944191","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4191","title":"Data on natural organic substances in dissolved, colloidal, suspended-silt and -clay, and bed-sediment phases in the Mississippi River and some of its tributaries, 1991-92","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri944191","usgsCitation":"Leenheer, J., Barber, L.B., Rostad, C., and Noyes, T., 1995, Data on natural organic substances in dissolved, colloidal, suspended-silt and -clay, and bed-sediment phases in the Mississippi River and some of its tributaries, 1991-92: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4191, iv, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944191.","productDescription":"iv, 47 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":54152,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4191/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":118812,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4191/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.2294921875,\n 45.89000815866184\n ],\n [\n -96.50390625,\n 46.07323062540835\n ],\n [\n -95.185546875,\n 45.02695045318546\n ],\n [\n -92.7685546875,\n 43.58039085560784\n ],\n [\n -90.4833984375,\n 41.73852846935917\n ],\n [\n -91.4501953125,\n 39.30029918615029\n ],\n [\n -91.23046875,\n 35.137879119634185\n ],\n [\n -92.0654296875,\n 31.541089879585808\n ],\n [\n -91.7578125,\n 29.305561325527698\n ],\n [\n -88.9892578125,\n 28.34306490482549\n ],\n [\n -88.505859375,\n 30.29701788337205\n ],\n [\n -90.65917968749999,\n 30.486550842588485\n ],\n [\n -90.791015625,\n 32.13840869677249\n ],\n [\n -89.82421875,\n 34.08906131584994\n ],\n [\n -88.9453125,\n 35.96022296929667\n ],\n [\n -88.9453125,\n 37.579412513438385\n ],\n [\n -89.912109375,\n 39.70718665682654\n ],\n [\n -89.384765625,\n 41.57436130598913\n ],\n [\n -90.966796875,\n 44.05601169578525\n ],\n [\n -95.2294921875,\n 45.89000815866184\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c805","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leenheer, J.A.","contributorId":75123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leenheer","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barber, L. 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Implications for health of bald eagles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-23T12:51:03","indexId":"70178210","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contaminants in fishes from great lakes-influenced sections and above dams of three Michigan Rivers: III. Implications for health of bald eagles","docAbstract":"Recently, there have been discussions of the relative merits of passage of fishes around hydroelectric dams on three rivers (Au Sable, Manistee, and Muskegon) in Michigan. A hazard assessment was conducted to determine the potential for adverse effects on bald eagles that could consume such fishes from above and below dams on the three primary rivers. The hazard assessments were verified by comparing the reproductive productivities of eagles nesting in areas where they ate primarily fish from either above or below dams on the three primary rivers, as well as on two additional rivers in Michigan, the Menominee and Thunder Bay. Concentrations of organochlorine insecticides (OCI), polychlorinated biphenyls (total PCBs), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents (TCDD-EQ), and total mercury (Hg) were measured in composite samples of fishes from above and below hydroelectric dams on the Manistee and Muskegon Rivers, which flow into Lake Michigan, and the Au Sable River, which flows into Lake Huron. Mean concentrations of OCI, total PCBs, and TCDD-EQ were all greater in fishes from below the dams than in those from above. The hazard assessment indicated that current concentrations of Hg and OCI other than DDT (DDT + DDE + DDD) in fish from neither above nor below dams would present a significant hazard to bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus). Both total PCBs and TCDD-EQ in fishes from below the dams currently present a significant hazard to bald eagles, since their mean hazard quotients (HQ) were all greater than one.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00212495","usgsCitation":"Giesy, J., Bowerman, W., Mora, M., Verbrugge, D., Othoudt, R.A., Newsted, J., Summer, C.L., Aulerich, R., Bursian, S., Ludwig, J.P., Dawson, G.A., Kubiak, T., Best, D.A., and Tillitt, D., 1995, Contaminants in fishes from great lakes-influenced sections and above dams of three Michigan Rivers: III. 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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b2056","usgsCitation":"Scott, R.B., and Swadley, W.C., 1995, Geologic studies in the Basin and Range-Colorado Plateau transition in southeastern Nevada, southwestern Utah, and northwestern Arizona, 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2056, iii, 275 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2056.","productDescription":"iii, 275 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":61025,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2056/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":163278,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2056/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":401875,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22318.htm","text":"Stratigraphic relationships of Tertiary volcanic rocks in central Lincoln County, southeastern Nevada","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":481361,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22319.htm","text":"Stratigraphy of Miocene ash-flow tuffs in and near the Caliente caldera complex, southeastern Nevada and southwestern Utah","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":481362,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22320.htm","text":"Preliminary geochemistry of Miocene ash-flow tuffs in and near the Caliente caldera complex, southeastern Nevada and southwestern Utah","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":481363,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22321.htm","text":"Evidence of the Kane Springs Wash caldera in the Meadow Valley Mountains, southeastern Nevada","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":481364,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22322.htm","text":"Low-angle normal faults in Devonian rocks of the southern Delamar Mountains, Lincoln County, Nevada","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":481365,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22323.htm","text":"Paleomagnetic data from the Miocene Hiko Tuff, southeastern Nevada, and their tectonic implications","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":481366,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22324.htm","text":"Decoupling of mid-Tertiary rocks, Red Hills - western Markagunt Plateau, southwestern Utah","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Nevada, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Basin and Range-Colorado Plateau","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.4443359375,\n 36.03133177633187\n ],\n [\n -112.587890625,\n 36.03133177633187\n ],\n [\n -112.587890625,\n 38.20365531807149\n ],\n [\n -115.4443359375,\n 38.20365531807149\n ],\n [\n -115.4443359375,\n 36.03133177633187\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db68810e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, Robert B. rbscott@usgs.gov","contributorId":766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Robert","email":"rbscott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":210262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swadley, W. 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Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95178","usgsCitation":"Dorava, J.M., 1995, Overview of environmental and hydrogeologic conditions at Nome, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-178, iv, 12 p. ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95178.","productDescription":"iv, 12 p. ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150972,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0178/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48073,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0178/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a301","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dorava, Joseph M.","contributorId":87125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorava","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":44730,"text":"wri944099 - 1995 - Ground-water levels in and pumpage from the alluvial aquifer at Louisville, Kentucky, May 1989-May 1991","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:59","indexId":"wri944099","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4099","title":"Ground-water levels in and pumpage from the alluvial aquifer at Louisville, Kentucky, May 1989-May 1991","docAbstract":"Water-level data have been collected in the alluvial aquifer at Louisville, Ky., by the U.S. Geological Survey since 1943. Interpretations of these data are published periodically to update the record and help local officials manage this ground-water supply. Maps and hydrographs are presented on two sheets to aid in the interpretation of water-level changes for the period May 1989-May 1991. The altitude of the water table in the alluvial aquifer has increased as much as 5 feet in some areas during the 2-year period of May 1989-May 1991. Hydrographs for obser- vation wells throughout the alluvial aquifer show that water levels fluctuate seasonally and in response to wet and dry periods; overall, the water- level trend has been upward in recent years. Water levels in the downtown area are affected by the pumping of ground water to heat and cool several buildings in the area. Ground-water contour maps show induced infiltration of water from the Ohio River to the alluvial aquifer in downtown Louisville as a result of the ground-water pumping.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri944099","usgsCitation":"Unthank, M.D., 1995, Ground-water levels in and pumpage from the alluvial aquifer at Louisville, Kentucky, May 1989-May 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4099, 1 map on 2 sheets ; 31 x 22 cm. and 24 x 22 cm., sheets each 108 x 88 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944099.","productDescription":"1 map on 2 sheets ; 31 x 22 cm. and 24 x 22 cm., sheets each 108 x 88 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124041,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4099/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":82031,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4099/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db697fb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Unthank, Michael D. 0000-0003-2483-0431 munthank@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2483-0431","contributorId":3902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Unthank","given":"Michael","email":"munthank@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":18320,"text":"ofr95260 - 1995 - Silicoflagellates and their geologic applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:30","indexId":"ofr95260","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-260","title":"Silicoflagellates and their geologic applications","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr95260","usgsCitation":"Bukry, D., 1995, Silicoflagellates and their geologic applications: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-260, 27 p. ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95260.","productDescription":"27 p. ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151913,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0260/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47669,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0260/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f9e4b07f02db5f3c92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bukry, David 0000-0003-4540-890X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4540-890X","contributorId":30980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bukry","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":35592,"text":"b2094D - 1995 - Source rock potential of the lower part of the Mississippian St. Louis Limestone in south-central Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-24T18:19:52.742526","indexId":"b2094D","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2094","chapter":"D","title":"Source rock potential of the lower part of the Mississippian St. Louis Limestone in south-central Indiana","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b2094D","usgsCitation":"Ridgley, J.L., and Nuccio, V.F., 1995, Source rock potential of the lower part of the Mississippian St. Louis Limestone in south-central Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2094, iii, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2094D.","productDescription":"iii, 12 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":420123,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_92820.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":63483,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2094d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":166117,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2094d/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.0586,\n 39.9272\n ],\n [\n -88.0586,\n 37.7717\n ],\n [\n -85.9536,\n 37.7717\n ],\n [\n -85.9536,\n 39.9272\n ],\n [\n -88.0586,\n 39.9272\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e7751","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ridgley, Jennie L. ridgley@usgs.gov","contributorId":1248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ridgley","given":"Jennie","email":"ridgley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":214904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nuccio, Vito F. vnuccio@usgs.gov","contributorId":853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nuccio","given":"Vito","email":"vnuccio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":214903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":21487,"text":"ofr95237 - 1995 - Descriptions, photographs and positions for Global Positioning System (GPS) bench marks in the vicinity of Lassen Peak, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-10T08:03:35","indexId":"ofr95237","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-237","title":"Descriptions, photographs and positions for Global Positioning System (GPS) bench marks in the vicinity of Lassen Peak, California","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95237","usgsCitation":"Yamashita, K.M., Iwatsubo, E., and Endo, E.T., 1995, Descriptions, photographs and positions for Global Positioning System (GPS) bench marks in the vicinity of Lassen Peak, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-237, Report iii, 36 p.; ill., map; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95237.","productDescription":"Report iii, 36 p.; ill., map; 28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":154749,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0237/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51049,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0237/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db667fa1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yamashita, Kenneth M.","contributorId":65087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yamashita","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Iwatsubo, E.Y.","contributorId":20753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwatsubo","given":"E.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Endo, Elliot T.","contributorId":10439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Endo","given":"Elliot","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":28762,"text":"wri904112 - 1995 - Water withdrawals in the Black Warrior-Tombigbee basin in Alabama, 1985-87","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-19T18:44:07.844563","indexId":"wri904112","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4112","title":"Water withdrawals in the Black Warrior-Tombigbee basin in Alabama, 1985-87","docAbstract":"Public-supply, industrial, and power generation water withdrawals were inventoried for the Black Warrior-Tombigbee basin in Alabama for 1987. A water source capacity analysis was done for each facility to assess the risk of the future water demand exceeding the capacity of the current source. Approximately 96 percent of all water withdrawn in the study area was surface water. Surface water accounted for 88 percent of withdrawals by public suppliers and 99 percent of withdrawals by self- supplied industries.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri904112","usgsCitation":"Mooty, W., 1995, Water withdrawals in the Black Warrior-Tombigbee basin in Alabama, 1985-87: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4112, v, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904112.","productDescription":"v, 41 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":57631,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4112/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":118917,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4112/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":406993,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47374.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","otherGeospatial":"Black Warrior-Tombigbee basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.3333,\n 32.55\n ],\n [\n -86.15,\n 32.55\n ],\n [\n -86.15,\n 34.4333\n ],\n [\n -88.3333,\n 34.4333\n ],\n [\n -88.3333,\n 32.55\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67ae3c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mooty, W. S.","contributorId":55837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooty","given":"W. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70175698,"text":"70175698 - 1995 - Germination and establishment of the native plains cottonwood (Populus deltoides Marshall subsp. monilifera) and the exotic Russian-olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-08T08:37:38","indexId":"70175698","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Germination and establishment of the native plains cottonwood (Populus deltoides Marshall subsp. monilifera) and the exotic Russian-olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.)","docAbstract":"Russian-olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) is a small Eurasian tree that has escaped from cultivation and become naturalized, primarily along watercourses throughout the western United States. We examined germination and establishment of Russian-olive and plains cottonwood (Populus deltoides), the principal native riparian tree of the Great Plains, under a range of experimental moisture and light conditions. The fewest seedings established under the driest conditions; seedling biomass was predictably lower in the shade; root-to-shoot ratios were higher for cottonwood, higher in the sun, and higher under drier conditions. Several interactions were also significant. The timing of germination and mortality varied between plains cottonwood and Russian-olive: cottonwood germinated in mid-June in all treatments in a single pulse with subsequent mortality; the timing and amount of Russian-olive germination differed substantially across treatments with little net mortality. Differences in life-history traits of these species, including seed size, viability, and dispersal, help explain treatment differences. Russian-olive will likely remain an important component of riparian communities along both unregulated and regulated western rivers because it succeeds under conditions optimal for cottonwood establishment and under many conditions unfavorable for cottonwood. Furthermore, many western states still encourage planting of Russian-olive, and control techniques tend to be labor-intensive and expensive.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1523-1739.1995.9051159.x-i1","usgsCitation":"Shafroth, P.B., Auble, G.T., and Scott, M.L., 1995, Germination and establishment of the native plains cottonwood (Populus deltoides Marshall subsp. monilifera) and the exotic Russian-olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.): Conservation Biology, v. 9, no. 5, p. 1169-1175, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1995.9051159.x-i1.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1169","endPage":"1175","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326805,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-09-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b6dc66e4b03fd6b7d94c4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shafroth, Patrick B. 0000-0002-6064-871X shafrothp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6064-871X","contributorId":2000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafroth","given":"Patrick","email":"shafrothp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Auble, Gregor T. 0000-0002-0843-2751 aubleg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-2751","contributorId":2187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"Gregor","email":"aubleg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scott, Michael L. scottm@usgs.gov","contributorId":1169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Michael","email":"scottm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":31719,"text":"ofr95511 - 1995 - Preliminary geologic map of the Piru 7.5' quadrangle, southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-23T18:14:56.897555","indexId":"ofr95511","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-511","title":"Preliminary geologic map of the Piru 7.5' quadrangle, southern California","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95511","usgsCitation":"Yerkes, R., and Campbell, R.H., 1995, Preliminary geologic map of the Piru 7.5' quadrangle, southern California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-511, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95511.","productDescription":"9 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":59945,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0511/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":161282,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0511/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":108946,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18499.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"18499"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Piru 7.5' quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.75,\n 34.5\n ],\n [\n -118.875,\n 34.5\n ],\n [\n -118.875,\n 34.375\n ],\n [\n -118.75,\n 34.375\n ],\n [\n -118.75,\n 34.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67add1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yerkes, R.F.","contributorId":105752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yerkes","given":"R.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, R. H.","contributorId":52160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":31713,"text":"ofr95263 - 1995 - Preliminary geologic map of the Big Lue Mountains 15-minute quadrangle, Greenlee County, Arizona, and Catron and Grant Counties, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-16T20:05:18.133865","indexId":"ofr95263","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-263","title":"Preliminary geologic map of the Big Lue Mountains 15-minute quadrangle, Greenlee County, Arizona, and Catron and Grant Counties, New Mexico","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95263","usgsCitation":"Ratte, J., and Brooks, W.E., 1995, Preliminary geologic map of the Big Lue Mountains 15-minute quadrangle, Greenlee County, Arizona, and Catron and Grant Counties, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-263, 1 Plate: 40.00 × 30.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95263.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 40.00 × 30.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160982,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":108939,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18432.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"18432"},{"id":19530,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0263/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"48000","country":"United States","state":"Arizona, New Mexico","county":"Catron County, Grant County, Greenlee County","otherGeospatial":"Big Lue Mountains 15-minute quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.25,\n 33\n ],\n [\n -109,\n 33\n ],\n [\n -109,\n 33.25\n ],\n [\n -109.25,\n 33.25\n ],\n [\n -109.25,\n 33\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bced","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ratte, J.C.","contributorId":10416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratte","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brooks, W. E.","contributorId":90716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":19304,"text":"ofr95255 - 1995 - Heat capacity and thermodynamic properties for coesite and jadeite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:31","indexId":"ofr95255","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-255","title":"Heat capacity and thermodynamic properties for coesite and jadeite","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr95255","usgsCitation":"Hemingway, B.S., Hankins, W., and Bohlen, S.R., 1995, Heat capacity and thermodynamic properties for coesite and jadeite: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-255, 14 p. ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95255.","productDescription":"14 p. ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151979,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0255/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48774,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0255/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ae4b07f02db63d1c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hemingway, Bruch S.","contributorId":19542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemingway","given":"Bruch","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hankins, W. Ben 0000-0001-9881-9468","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9881-9468","contributorId":28618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hankins","given":"W. Ben","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":180653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bohlen, Steven R.","contributorId":17982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlen","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":28614,"text":"wri944221 - 1995 - Water-quality assessment of the upper Snake River Basin, Idaho and western Wyoming — Environmental setting, 1980-92","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-16T20:48:16.613157","indexId":"wri944221","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4221","title":"Water-quality assessment of the upper Snake River Basin, Idaho and western Wyoming — Environmental setting, 1980-92","docAbstract":"The 35,800-square-mile upper Snake River \nBasin is one of 20 areas studied as part of the \nNational Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) \nProgram of the U.S. Geological Survey. Objectives of NAWQA are to study ground- and \nsurface-water quality, biology, and their relations \nto land-use activities. Major land and water uses \nthat affect water quality in the basin are irrigated \nagriculture, grazing, aquaculture, food processing, \nand wastewater treatment. Data summarized in \nthis report are used in companion reports to help \ndefine the relations among land use, water use, \nwater quality, and biological conditions.\nThe upper Snake River Basin is located in \nsoutheastern Idaho and northwestern Wyoming \nand includes small parts of Nevada and Utah. Total \npopulation in the basin was about 425,000 in 1990. \nMajor urban areas are Idaho Falls, Pocatello, \nRexburg, and Twin Falls, Idaho, which make up \n10, 11,3, and 6 percent of the total population, \nrespectively. Climate in the basin is mostly \nsemiarid and mean annual precipitation ranges \nfrom 8 to more than 60 inches. The eastern Snake \nRiver Plain is the major geologic feature in the \nbasin and is delineated mostly by Quaternary and \nTertiary basalt flows. It is about 55 to 62 miles \nwide and 320 miles long and bisects the basin in a \nnortheast-southwest direction.\nThe Snake River is the dominant surface-water \nfeature and flows about 453 miles from the \nsouthern border of Yellowstone National Park in \nWyoming to King Hill, Idaho, where it leaves the \nbasin. The Snake River flows through five reservoirs that provide a total storage capacity of more \nthan 4 million acre-feet. Gravity-flow diversions\nare predominant in the upper part of the basin and \ntotaled 8.8 million.acre-feet in 1980. Pumped \ndiversions occur mainly in the lower part of the \nbasin and totaled 408,500 acre-feet in 1980.\nThe Snake River Plain aquifer is the predominant ground-water feature in the upper Snake \nRiver Basin and underlies the eastern Snake River \nPlain. The upper 500 feet of the aquifer may store \n200 to 300 million acre-feet of water. Ground-water resources that supply agricultural lands are \nsustained by recharge from surface-water irrigation, precipitation, and tributary inflow. Major \nground-water discharges are at springs and seeps \nor from ground-water pumpage for irrigation.\nWater use in the basin is dominated by irrigated agriculture, which is the largest consumptive \nwater use in the basin. Major crops in the basin \ninclude potatoes, wheat, sugar beets, hay, and \nbarley. Most irrigation needs are supplied from \nsurface-water sources through a series of canals \nand laterals. In 1990, about 2.5 million acres were \nirrigated with more than 14.2 million acre-feet of \nsurface and ground water. About 21 percent of the \nbasin is agricultural land and 50 percent is \nrangeland.\nIdaho leads the Nation in trout production \nfor commercial sale. Combined mean annual \ndischarges from 12 aquacultural facilities in the \nbasin (1985-90) were about 787,000 acre-feet. \nThese facilities are clustered in a reach of the \nSnake River between Milner Dam and King Hill \nwhere ground-water discharge is from many seeps \nand springs that provide sufficient quantities of \ngood-quality water. Other facilities that release \neffluent to the Snake River include 13 municipal \nwastewater treatment plants and 3 industrial facilities.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944221","usgsCitation":"Maupin, M.A., 1995, Water-quality assessment of the upper Snake River Basin, Idaho and western Wyoming — Environmental setting, 1980-92: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4221, iv, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944221.","productDescription":"iv, 35 p.","numberOfPages":"39","temporalStart":"1980-01-01","temporalEnd":"1992-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":393017,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48088.htm"},{"id":57437,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4221/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158959,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4221/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"upper Snake River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.3167,\n 41.4833\n ],\n [\n -109.9167,\n 41.4833\n ],\n [\n -109.9167,\n 44.6667\n ],\n [\n -115.3167,\n 44.6667\n ],\n [\n -115.3167,\n 41.4833\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67ae32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maupin, Molly A. 0000-0002-2695-5505 mamaupin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2695-5505","contributorId":951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maupin","given":"Molly","email":"mamaupin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":200119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":31718,"text":"ofr95504 - 1995 - Preliminary geologic map of the Val Verde 7.5' quadrangle, southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-20T20:43:11.721457","indexId":"ofr95504","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-504","title":"Preliminary geologic map of the Val Verde 7.5' quadrangle, southern California","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95504","usgsCitation":"Yerkes, R., and Campbell, R.H., 1995, Preliminary geologic map of the Val Verde 7.5' quadrangle, southern California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-504, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95504.","productDescription":"9 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":59944,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0504/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":161281,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0504/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":108945,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18494.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"18494"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Val Verde 7.5' quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.6250,\n 34.375\n ],\n [\n -118.75,\n 34.375\n ],\n [\n -118.75,\n 34.5\n ],\n [\n -118.6250,\n 34.5\n ],\n [\n -118.6250,\n 34.375\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67aa1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yerkes, R.F.","contributorId":105752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yerkes","given":"R.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, R. 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The data sets, which do not contain hydrogeologic interpretations, were developed by the use of ARC/INFO software during 1990-93 by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources. 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