Two approaches were used to estimate future lake-level probabilities for Devils Lake. The first approach is based on an annual lake-volume model, and the second approach is based on a statistical water mass-balance model that generates seasonal lake volumes on the basis of seasonal precipitation, evaporation, and inflow.
Autoregressive moving average models were used to model the annual mean lake volume and the difference between the annual maximum lake volume and the annual mean lake volume. Residuals from both models were determined to be uncorrelated with zero mean and constant variance. However, a nonlinear relation between the residuals of the two models was included in the final annual lake-volume model.
Because of high autocorrelation in the annual lake levels of Devils Lake, the annual lakevolume model was verified using annual lake-level changes. The annual lake-volume model closely reproduced the statistics of the recorded lake-level changes for 1901-93 except for the skewness coefficient However, the model output is less skewed than the data indicate because of some unrealistically large lake-level declines.
The statistical water mass-balance model requires as inputs seasonal precipitation, evaporation, and inflow data for Devils Lake. Analysis of annual precipitation, evaporation, and inflow data for 1950-93 revealed no significant trends or long-range dependence so the input time series were assumed to be stationary and short-range dependent.
Normality transformations were used to approximately maintain the marginal probability distributions; and a multivariate, periodic autoregressive model was used to reproduce the correlation structure. Each of the coefficients in the model is significantly different from zero at the 5-percent significance level. Coefficients relating spring inflow from one year to spring and fall inflows from the previous year had the largest effect on the lake-level frequency analysis.
Inclusion of parameter uncertainty in the model for generating precipitation, evaporation, and inflow indicates that the upper lake-level exceedance levels from the water mass-balance model are particularly sensitive to parameter uncertainty. The sensitivity in the upper exceedance levels was caused almost entirely by uncertainty in the fitted probability distributions of the quarterly inflows. A method was developed for using long-term streamflow data for the Red River of the North at Grand Forks to reduce the variance in the estimated mean.
Comparison of the annual lake-volume model and the water mass-balance model indicates the upper exceedance levels of the water mass-balance model increase much more rapidly than those of the annual lake-volume model. As an example, for simulation year 5, the 99-percent exceedance for the lake level is 1,417.6 feet above sea level for the annual lake-volume model and 1,423.2 feet above sea level for the water mass-balance model. The rapid increase is caused largely by the record precipitation and inflow in the summer and fall of 1993. Because the water mass-balance model produces lake-level traces that closely match the hydrology of Devils Lake, the water mass-balance model is superior to the annual lake-volume model for computing exceedance levels for the 50-year planning horizon.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95123","usgsCitation":"Wiche, G.J., and Vecchia, A.V., 1995, Lake-level frequency analysis for Devils Lake, North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-123, v, 65 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95123.","productDescription":"v, 65 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":50956,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0123/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":153984,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0123/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b42cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiche, Gregg J. gjwiche@usgs.gov","contributorId":1675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiche","given":"Gregg","email":"gjwiche@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":184332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vecchia, Aldo V. 0000-0002-2661-4401","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2661-4401","contributorId":41810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchia","given":"Aldo","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":20263,"text":"ofr95271 - 1995 - Volcanic activity in Alaska: Summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-19T22:43:04.965429","indexId":"ofr95271","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-271","title":"Volcanic activity in Alaska: Summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory 1994","docAbstract":"During 1994, the Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) responded to eruptions, possible eruptions, or false alarms at nine volcanic centers-- Mount Sanford, Iliamna, the Katmai group, Kupreanof, Mount Veniaminof, Shishaldin, Makushin, Mount Cleveland and Kanaga (table 1). Of these volcanoes, AVO has a real time, continuously recording seismic network only at Iliamna, which is located in the Cook Inlet area of south-central Alaska (fig. 1). AVO has dial-up access to seismic data from a 5-station network in the general region of the Katmai group of volcanoes. The remaining unmonitored volcanoes are located in sparsely populated areas of the Wrangell Mountains, the Alaska Peninsula, and the Aleutian Islands (fig. 1). For these volcanoes, the AVO monitoring program relies chiefly on receipt of pilot reports, observations of local residents and analysis of satellite imagery.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr95271","usgsCitation":"Neal, C., Doukas, M.P., and McGimsey, R.G., 1995, Volcanic activity in Alaska: Summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-271, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95271.","productDescription":"19 p.","numberOfPages":"20","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":284038,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr95271.GIF"},{"id":284037,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0271/body.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":1127,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0271/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":49800,"rank":5,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0271/pdf/1994_Summary.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":394117,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_49801.htm","text":"Mount Veniaminof","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":465362,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_49804.htm","text":"Chuginadak Island","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":465363,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_49810.htm","text":"Kanaga Volcano","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -141.15158912163244,\n 59.97853838668192\n ],\n [\n -141.16674190398595,\n 62.37930471682131\n ],\n [\n -152.1706788858108,\n 63.00478514421377\n ],\n [\n -158.16419783263945,\n 58.09232262251018\n ],\n [\n -170.4433675902025,\n 53.03685355203123\n ],\n [\n -177,\n 52.36236027603914\n ],\n [\n -176.9587607190757,\n 51.506611379633085\n ],\n [\n -172.4551340811856,\n 52.06526246512395\n ],\n [\n -168.07176947086887,\n 52.95083680631177\n ],\n [\n -157.73012465299416,\n 55.909929480643\n ],\n [\n -151.3516847469358,\n 58.91270641538574\n ],\n [\n -141.15158912163244,\n 59.97853838668192\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4916e4b0b290850eee02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neal, Christina A. 0000-0002-7697-7825","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7697-7825","contributorId":82660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neal","given":"Christina A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doukas, Michael P. mdoukas@usgs.gov","contributorId":2686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doukas","given":"Michael","email":"mdoukas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":182347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGimsey, Robert G. 0000-0001-5379-7779 mcgimsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5379-7779","contributorId":2352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGimsey","given":"Robert","email":"mcgimsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":182346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":25621,"text":"wri944208 - 1995 - Land use and water use in the Antelope Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-04T13:04:11","indexId":"wri944208","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4208","title":"Land use and water use in the Antelope Valley, California","docAbstract":"Urban land use and water use in the Antelope Valley, California, have increased significantly since development of the valley began in the late 1800's.. Ground water has been a major source of water in this area because of limited local surface-water resources. Ground-water pumpage is reported to have increased from about 29,000 acre-feet in 1919 to about 400,000 acre-feet in the 1950's. Completion of the California Aqueduct to this area in the early 1970's conveyed water from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, about 400 miles to the north. Declines in groundwater levels and increased costs of electrical power in the 1970's resulted in a reduction in the quantity of ground water that was pumped annually for irrigation uses. Total annual reported ground-water pumpage decreased to a low of about 53,200 acre-feet in 1983 and increased to about 91,700 acre-feet in 1991 as a result of rapid urban development and the 1987-92 drought. This increased urban development, in combination with several years of drought, renewed concern about a possible return to extensive depletion of ground-water storage and increased land subsidence.
Increased water demands are expected to continue as a result of increased urban development. Water-demand forecasts in 1980 for the Antelope Valley indicated that total annual water demand by 2020 was expected to be about 250,000 acre-feet, with agricultural demand being about 65 percent of this total. In 1990, total water demand was projected to be about 175,000 acre-feet by 2010; however, agricultural water demand was expected to account for only 37 percent of the total demand. New and existing land- and water-use data were collected and compiled during 1992-93 to identify present and historical land and water uses. In 1993, preliminary forecasts for total water demand by 2010 ranged from about 127,500 to 329,000 acre-feet. These wide-ranging estimates indicate that forecasts can change with time as factors that affect water demand change and different forecasting methods are used. The forecasts using the MWD_MAIN (Metropolitan Water District of Southern California Municipal and Industrial Needs) water-demand forecasting system yielded the largest estimates of water demand. These forecasts were based on projections of population growth and other socioeconomic variables. Initial forecasts using the MWD_MAIN forecasting system commonly are considered \"interim\" or preliminary. Available historical and future socioeconomic data required for the forecasting system are limited for this area. Decisions on local water-resources demand management may be made by members of the Antelope Valley Water Group and other interested parties based on this report, other studies, their best judgement, and cumulative knowledge of local conditions. Potential water-resource management actions in the Antelope Valley include (1) increasing artificial ground-water recharge when excess local runoff (or imported water supplies) are available; (2) implementing water-conservation best-management practices; and (3) optimizing ground-water pumpage throughout the basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944208","usgsCitation":"Templin, W.E., Phillips, S.P., Cherry, D.E., DeBortoli, M., Haltom, T., McPherson, K.R., and Mrozek, C., 1995, Land use and water use in the Antelope Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4208, v, 97 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944208.","productDescription":"v, 97 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":54366,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4208/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123940,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4208/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67ca26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Templin, William E.","contributorId":8509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Templin","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, Steven P. 0000-0002-5107-868X sphillip@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5107-868X","contributorId":1506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Steven","email":"sphillip@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cherry, Daniel E.","contributorId":95099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherry","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DeBortoli, Myrna L.","contributorId":99997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeBortoli","given":"Myrna L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haltom, T.C.","contributorId":43372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haltom","given":"T.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McPherson, Kelly R. 0000-0002-2340-4142 krmcpher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2340-4142","contributorId":1376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPherson","given":"Kelly","email":"krmcpher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mrozek, C.A.","contributorId":93091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mrozek","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":20272,"text":"ofr95180 - 1995 - Overview of environmental and hydrogeologic conditions near Big Delta, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:40","indexId":"ofr95180","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-180","title":"Overview of environmental and hydrogeologic conditions near Big Delta, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S.G.S. Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95180","usgsCitation":"Nelson, G.L., 1995, Overview of environmental and hydrogeologic conditions near Big Delta, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-180, iv, 11 p. :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95180.","productDescription":"iv, 11 p. :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152306,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0180/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49807,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0180/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a276","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Gordon L.","contributorId":55443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":20360,"text":"ofr94311 - 1995 - Water levels in the Yucca Mountain area, Nevada, 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:46","indexId":"ofr94311","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-311","title":"Water levels in the Yucca Mountain area, Nevada, 1992","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr94311","usgsCitation":"O’Brien, G.M., Tucci, P., and Burkhardt, D.J., 1995, Water levels in the Yucca Mountain area, Nevada, 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-311, vi, 74 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94311.","productDescription":"vi, 74 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153119,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0311/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49892,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0311/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5f9d29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Brien, Grady M.","contributorId":71197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Brien","given":"Grady","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tucci, Patrick ptucci@usgs.gov","contributorId":926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucci","given":"Patrick","email":"ptucci@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":182514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burkhardt, Douglas J.","contributorId":51776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkhardt","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":66161,"text":"i2362 - 1995 - Geologic map and structure sections of the Clear Lake Volcanics, Northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-13T17:16:49","indexId":"i2362","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2362","subseriesTitle":"NONE","title":"Geologic map and structure sections of the Clear Lake Volcanics, Northern California","docAbstract":"The Clear Lake Volcanics are located in the California Coast Ranges about 150 km north of San Francisco. This Quaternary volcanic field has erupted intermittently since 2.1 million years ago. This volcanic field is considered a high-threat volcanic system (Ewert and others, 2005) The adjacent Geysers geothermal field, largest power-producing geothermal field in the world, is powered by the magmatic heat source for the volcanic field. This report consists of three sheets that include the geologic map, one table, two figures, three cross sections, description of map units, charts of standard and diagrammatic correlation of map units, and references. This map supersedes U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 76-751. Descriptions of map units are grouped by geographic area. Summaries of the evolution, chemistry, structure, and tectonic setting of the Clear Lake Volcanics are given in Hearn and others (1981) and Donnelly-Nolan and others (1981). The geology of parts of the area underlain by the Cache Formation is based on mapping by Rymer (1981); the geology of parts of the areas underlain by the Sonoma Volcanics, Franciscan assemblage, and Great Valley sequence is based on mapping by McLaughlin (1978). Volcanic compositional map units are basalt, basaltic andesite, andesite, dacite, rhyodacite, and rhyolite, based on SiO2 content. Included in this report are maps showing the distribution of volcanic rocks through time and a chart showing erupted volumes of different lava types through time. A table gives petrographic data for each map unit by mineral type, abundance, and size. Most ages are potassium-argon (K/Ar) ages determined for whole-rock samples and mineral separates by Donnelly-Nolan and others (1981), unless otherwise noted. A few ages are carbon-14 ages or were estimated from geologic relationships. Magnetic polarities are from Mankinen and others (1978; 1981) or were determined in the field by B.C. Hearn, Jr., using a portable fluxgate magnetometer. Thickness for most units is estimated from topographic relief except where drill-hole data were available.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i2362","usgsCitation":"Hearn, B.C., Donnelly-Nolan, J., and Goff, F., 1995, Geologic map and structure sections of the Clear Lake Volcanics, Northern California: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2362, 1 map on 2 sheets :col. ;181 x 135 cm., sheets 105 x 142 cm. and 105 x 147 cm. +1 data sheet (105 x 142 cm.), folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/i2362.","productDescription":"1 map on 2 sheets :col. ;181 x 135 cm., sheets 105 x 142 cm. and 105 x 147 cm. +1 data sheet (105 x 142 cm.), folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":188232,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":107392,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2362/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"10247"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"Clear Lake Volcanics","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.91666666666667,38.700833333333335 ], [ -122.91666666666667,39.083333333333336 ], [ -122.5,39.083333333333336 ], [ -122.5,38.700833333333335 ], [ -122.91666666666667,38.700833333333335 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db671fcb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hearn, B. C. Jr.","contributorId":37709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hearn","given":"B.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":274077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Donnelly-Nolan, J.M.","contributorId":104936,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donnelly-Nolan","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":274078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goff, F.E.","contributorId":26808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goff","given":"F.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":274076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":66432,"text":"i2455 - 1995 - Geologic map of Newberry Volcano, Deschutes, Klamath, and Lake counties, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-05T12:38:23","indexId":"i2455","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2455","title":"Geologic map of Newberry Volcano, Deschutes, Klamath, and Lake counties, Oregon","docAbstract":"Newberry volcano, one of the largest Quaternary volcanoes in the conterminous United States, is a broad shieldlike landform with a summit caldera 7 km across. It comprises the products of thousands of eruptions, at least 25 of which occurred during the last 10,000 years (Holocene Epoch). Eruptions have occurred as recently as 1,300 years ago, but isotopic ages indicate that the volcano began its growth as early as 0.6 million years ago. Thus, its long history and recent activity indicate that Newberry volcano is likely to erupt in the future.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/i2455","collaboration":"Volcano Science Center, Cascades Volcano Observatory","usgsCitation":"MacLeod, N.S., Sherrod, D.R., Chitwood, L., and Jensen, R., 1995, Geologic map of Newberry Volcano, Deschutes, Klamath, and Lake counties, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2455, Report: 23 p.; 2 Plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2455.","productDescription":"Report: 23 p.; 2 Plates","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":188572,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":22683,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2455/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":107427,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_10285.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"10285"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.28416666666666,43.666666666666664 ], [ -121.28416666666666,43.75 ], [ -121.16666666666667,43.75 ], [ -121.16666666666667,43.666666666666664 ], [ -121.28416666666666,43.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a2cc0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacLeod, N. S.","contributorId":55816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacLeod","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":274522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sherrod, D. R.","contributorId":44559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":274521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chitwood, L.A.","contributorId":67598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chitwood","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":274523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jensen, R.A.","contributorId":71570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jensen","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":274524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":18986,"text":"ofr95500 - 1995 - Observation of volcanic activity during the A.D. 1610 voyage of the Discovery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:30","indexId":"ofr95500","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-500","title":"Observation of volcanic activity during the A.D. 1610 voyage of the Discovery","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr95500","usgsCitation":"Friedman, J.D., and Larsen, G., 1995, Observation of volcanic activity during the A.D. 1610 voyage of the Discovery: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-500, 20 p., [3] folded pages of plates :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95500.","productDescription":"20 p., [3] folded pages of plates :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151817,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0500/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48397,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0500/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db69652c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedman, Jules D.","contributorId":79464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Jules","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larsen, Gudrun","contributorId":95079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"Gudrun","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28586,"text":"wri944066 - 1995 - Effects of combined-sewer overflows and urban runoff on the water quality of Fall Creek, Indianapolis, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-01T12:26:07","indexId":"wri944066","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4066","title":"Effects of combined-sewer overflows and urban runoff on the water quality of Fall Creek, Indianapolis, Indiana","docAbstract":"In 1986, the U.S. Geological Survey and the Indianapolis Department of Public Works began a study to evaluate the effects of combined-sewer overflows and urban runoff discharging to Fall Geek on the White River. This report describes the effects of combined-sewer overflows and urban runoff on the water quality of Fall Creek during summer 1987 by comparing the water quality during base flow with that during storm runoff and by comparing water quality in the urbanized area with that in the less urbanized area upstream from the combined-sewer overflows. Data were collected at three streamflow-gaging stations located upstream from, downstream from, and in the middle of 27 combined-sewer overflows on Fall Creek. The most downstream station also was immediately downstream from the discharge of filter backwash from a water-treatment plant for public supply.
\nSpecific conductance and concentrations of major ions and dissolved solids in base flow increased downstream in response to surface-water withdrawn for public supply, ground-water inflow, and the discharge of filter backwash. Concentrations of dissolved oxygen were least in the reach of Fall Creek in the middle of the combined- sewer overflows where black sludge deposits covered the stream bottom. Concentrations of nitrate plus nitrite and ammonia steadily increased downstream, whereas concentrations of organic nitrogen, phosphorus, and orthophosphate only increased at the most downstream station. Nearly all concentrations of chromium, copper, lead, nickel, and zinc at the upstream and middle stations were less than the detection limit of 10 micrograms per liter. Detectable concentrations of these metals and high concentrations of suspended solids in base-flow samples at the most downstream station were caused by the discharges from the water-treatment plant.
\nConcentrations of dissolved oxygen measured at the station in the middle of the combined-sewer overflows were less than the Indiana minimum ambient water-quality standard of 4.0 milligrams per liter during all storms. Concentrations of ammonia, oxygen demand, copper, lead, zinc, and fecal coliform bacteria at the stations downstream from the combined-sewer overflows were much higher in storm runoff than in base flow. Increased concentrations of oxygen demand in runoff probably were caused by combined-sewer overflows, urban runoff, and the resuspension of organic material deposited on the streambed. Some of the increased concentrations of lead, zinc, and probably copper can be attributed to the discharge and resuspension of filter backwash
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, IN","doi":"10.3133/wri944066","collaboration":"Indianapolis Department of Public Works","usgsCitation":"Martin, J., 1995, Effects of combined-sewer overflows and urban runoff on the water quality of Fall Creek, Indianapolis, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4066, vi, 92 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944066.","productDescription":"vi, 92 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","startPage":"1","endPage":"92","numberOfPages":"98","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122875,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4066/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57414,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4066/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.2265396118164,\n 39.742306320384046\n ],\n [\n -86.2265396118164,\n 39.89946489938474\n ],\n [\n -85.9518814086914,\n 39.89946489938474\n ],\n [\n -85.9518814086914,\n 39.742306320384046\n ],\n [\n -86.2265396118164,\n 39.742306320384046\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db684562","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, Jeffrey D.","contributorId":40609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Jeffrey D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27936,"text":"wri944187 - 1995 - Surface-water-quality assessment of the lower Kansas River Basin, Kansas and Nebraska: Suspended-sediment conditions, May 1987 through April 1990, and trends, 1963 through April 1990","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-22T22:27:35.330207","indexId":"wri944187","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4187","title":"Surface-water-quality assessment of the lower Kansas River Basin, Kansas and Nebraska: Suspended-sediment conditions, May 1987 through April 1990, and trends, 1963 through April 1990","docAbstract":"Median suspended-sediment concentrations ranged from 100 to 110 milligrams per liter for 3 stations on the Kansas River and from 4 to 110 milligrams per liter for 10 stations on tributary streams during May 1987 through April 1990. For tributary stream stations upstream from large reservoirs, concen- trations in the 90th percentile ranged from 240 to 3,200 milligrams per liter. The larger median and 90th-percentile concentrations were associated with high-density irrigated cropland with gradual slopes and nonirrigated cropland with steeper slopes. Smaller median and 90th-percentile concentrations upstream from reservoirs were from areas of little or no row-crop cultivation or areas of substantially less-than-normal precipitation and streamflow. Suspended-sediment concentrations followed a con- sistent seasonal pattern; after accounting for the effect of flow, concentrations were typically smallest during January-February and largest during July-August. Mean annual suspended-sediment transport in the Kansas River from May 1987 through April 1990 increased in the downstream direction from 1,700,000 to 4,100,000 tons per year. Suspended-sediment yields for tributary streams ranged from 17 to 260 tons per square mile per year. Because of abnormal climatic conditions and other factors, no conclusions could be reached con- cerning relations of suspended-sediment transport or yield to natural or human factors. Only one upward and one downward trend in flow-adjusted, suspended-sediment concentrations were statistically significant. The trend-test results could not be explained by data on cropland removed from production or the effect of detention structures.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944187","usgsCitation":"Jordan, P.R., 1995, Surface-water-quality assessment of the lower Kansas River Basin, Kansas and Nebraska: Suspended-sediment conditions, May 1987 through April 1990, and trends, 1963 through April 1990: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4187, iv, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944187.","productDescription":"iv, 36 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":396295,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48062.htm"},{"id":56750,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4187/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159012,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4187/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas, Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"lower Kansas River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99,\n 38.6667\n ],\n [\n -94.5806,\n 38.6667\n ],\n [\n -94.5806,\n 41.5\n ],\n [\n -99,\n 41.5\n ],\n [\n -99,\n 38.6667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a4c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jordan, Paul Robert","contributorId":57819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28614,"text":"wri944221 - 1995 - Water-quality assessment of the upper Snake River Basin, Idaho and western Wyoming — Environmental setting, 1980-92","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-16T20:48:16.613157","indexId":"wri944221","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4221","title":"Water-quality assessment of the upper Snake River Basin, Idaho and western Wyoming — Environmental setting, 1980-92","docAbstract":"The 35,800-square-mile upper Snake River \nBasin is one of 20 areas studied as part of the \nNational Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) \nProgram of the U.S. Geological Survey. Objectives of NAWQA are to study ground- and \nsurface-water quality, biology, and their relations \nto land-use activities. Major land and water uses \nthat affect water quality in the basin are irrigated \nagriculture, grazing, aquaculture, food processing, \nand wastewater treatment. Data summarized in \nthis report are used in companion reports to help \ndefine the relations among land use, water use, \nwater quality, and biological conditions.\nThe upper Snake River Basin is located in \nsoutheastern Idaho and northwestern Wyoming \nand includes small parts of Nevada and Utah. Total \npopulation in the basin was about 425,000 in 1990. \nMajor urban areas are Idaho Falls, Pocatello, \nRexburg, and Twin Falls, Idaho, which make up \n10, 11,3, and 6 percent of the total population, \nrespectively. Climate in the basin is mostly \nsemiarid and mean annual precipitation ranges \nfrom 8 to more than 60 inches. The eastern Snake \nRiver Plain is the major geologic feature in the \nbasin and is delineated mostly by Quaternary and \nTertiary basalt flows. It is about 55 to 62 miles \nwide and 320 miles long and bisects the basin in a \nnortheast-southwest direction.\nThe Snake River is the dominant surface-water \nfeature and flows about 453 miles from the \nsouthern border of Yellowstone National Park in \nWyoming to King Hill, Idaho, where it leaves the \nbasin. The Snake River flows through five reservoirs that provide a total storage capacity of more \nthan 4 million acre-feet. Gravity-flow diversions\nare predominant in the upper part of the basin and \ntotaled 8.8 million.acre-feet in 1980. Pumped \ndiversions occur mainly in the lower part of the \nbasin and totaled 408,500 acre-feet in 1980.\nThe Snake River Plain aquifer is the predominant ground-water feature in the upper Snake \nRiver Basin and underlies the eastern Snake River \nPlain. The upper 500 feet of the aquifer may store \n200 to 300 million acre-feet of water. Ground-water resources that supply agricultural lands are \nsustained by recharge from surface-water irrigation, precipitation, and tributary inflow. Major \nground-water discharges are at springs and seeps \nor from ground-water pumpage for irrigation.\nWater use in the basin is dominated by irrigated agriculture, which is the largest consumptive \nwater use in the basin. Major crops in the basin \ninclude potatoes, wheat, sugar beets, hay, and \nbarley. Most irrigation needs are supplied from \nsurface-water sources through a series of canals \nand laterals. In 1990, about 2.5 million acres were \nirrigated with more than 14.2 million acre-feet of \nsurface and ground water. About 21 percent of the \nbasin is agricultural land and 50 percent is \nrangeland.\nIdaho leads the Nation in trout production \nfor commercial sale. Combined mean annual \ndischarges from 12 aquacultural facilities in the \nbasin (1985-90) were about 787,000 acre-feet. \nThese facilities are clustered in a reach of the \nSnake River between Milner Dam and King Hill \nwhere ground-water discharge is from many seeps \nand springs that provide sufficient quantities of \ngood-quality water. Other facilities that release \neffluent to the Snake River include 13 municipal \nwastewater treatment plants and 3 industrial facilities.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944221","usgsCitation":"Maupin, M.A., 1995, Water-quality assessment of the upper Snake River Basin, Idaho and western Wyoming — Environmental setting, 1980-92: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4221, iv, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944221.","productDescription":"iv, 35 p.","numberOfPages":"39","temporalStart":"1980-01-01","temporalEnd":"1992-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":393017,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48088.htm"},{"id":57437,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4221/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158959,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4221/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"upper Snake River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.3167,\n 41.4833\n ],\n [\n -109.9167,\n 41.4833\n ],\n [\n -109.9167,\n 44.6667\n ],\n [\n -115.3167,\n 44.6667\n ],\n [\n -115.3167,\n 41.4833\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67ae32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maupin, Molly A. 0000-0002-2695-5505 mamaupin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2695-5505","contributorId":951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maupin","given":"Molly","email":"mamaupin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":200119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":19891,"text":"ofr95193 - 1995 - Geographic information system data sets of hydrogeologic conditions in Pequea and Mill Creek watersheds, Pennsylvania; Part II, Hydrogeologic interpretations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-21T11:49:37","indexId":"ofr95193","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-193","title":"Geographic information system data sets of hydrogeologic conditions in Pequea and Mill Creek watersheds, Pennsylvania; Part II, Hydrogeologic interpretations","docAbstract":"This report describes Geographic Information System data sets of ground-water levels, unsaturated-zone thickness, and regolith thickness in the Pequea and Mill Creek watersheds, a 210-square-mile area in Lancaster and Chester Counties, Pa. The data sets, which represent hydrogeologic interpretations, were developed by the use of ARC/INFO software during 1990-93 by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency proposes to use these interpretive data sets, and those from other sources, to aid in the assessment of ground-water vulnerability to pesticides in the Pequea and Mill Creek watersheds.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95193","usgsCitation":"Low, D.J., Chichester, D.C., and Char, S.J., 1995, Geographic information system data sets of hydrogeologic conditions in Pequea and Mill Creek watersheds, Pennsylvania; Part II, Hydrogeologic interpretations: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-193, iv, 7 p. :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95193.","productDescription":"iv, 7 p. :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":49401,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0193/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":153522,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0193/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a924d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Low, Dennis J. djlow@usgs.gov","contributorId":3450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Low","given":"Dennis","email":"djlow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":181698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chichester, Douglas C.","contributorId":83883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chichester","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Char, Stephen J. sjchar@usgs.gov","contributorId":3982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Char","given":"Stephen","email":"sjchar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":181699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":31713,"text":"ofr95263 - 1995 - Preliminary geologic map of the Big Lue Mountains 15-minute quadrangle, Greenlee County, Arizona, and Catron and Grant Counties, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-16T20:05:18.133865","indexId":"ofr95263","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-263","title":"Preliminary geologic map of the Big Lue Mountains 15-minute quadrangle, Greenlee County, Arizona, and Catron and Grant Counties, New Mexico","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95263","usgsCitation":"Ratte, J., and Brooks, W.E., 1995, Preliminary geologic map of the Big Lue Mountains 15-minute quadrangle, Greenlee County, Arizona, and Catron and Grant Counties, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-263, 1 Plate: 40.00 × 30.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95263.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 40.00 × 30.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160982,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":108939,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18432.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"18432"},{"id":19530,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0263/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"48000","country":"United States","state":"Arizona, New Mexico","county":"Catron County, Grant County, Greenlee County","otherGeospatial":"Big Lue Mountains 15-minute quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.25,\n 33\n ],\n [\n -109,\n 33\n ],\n [\n -109,\n 33.25\n ],\n [\n -109.25,\n 33.25\n ],\n [\n -109.25,\n 33\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bced","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ratte, J.C.","contributorId":10416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratte","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brooks, W. E.","contributorId":90716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":31718,"text":"ofr95504 - 1995 - Preliminary geologic map of the Val Verde 7.5' quadrangle, southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-20T20:43:11.721457","indexId":"ofr95504","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-504","title":"Preliminary geologic map of the Val Verde 7.5' quadrangle, southern California","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95504","usgsCitation":"Yerkes, R., and Campbell, R.H., 1995, Preliminary geologic map of the Val Verde 7.5' quadrangle, southern California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-504, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95504.","productDescription":"9 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":59944,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0504/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":161281,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0504/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":108945,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18494.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"18494"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Val Verde 7.5' quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.6250,\n 34.375\n ],\n [\n -118.75,\n 34.375\n ],\n [\n -118.75,\n 34.5\n ],\n [\n -118.6250,\n 34.5\n ],\n [\n -118.6250,\n 34.375\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67aa1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yerkes, R.F.","contributorId":105752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yerkes","given":"R.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, R. H.","contributorId":52160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":19558,"text":"ofr95278 - 1995 - Hydrologic data of two wetlands at Spring City, Tennessee, December 1991 through November 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:33","indexId":"ofr95278","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-278","title":"Hydrologic data of two wetlands at Spring City, Tennessee, December 1991 through November 1992","docAbstract":"Hydrologic data for two small adjacent wetlands at Spring City, Tennessee, were collected from December 1991 through November 1992. One of the wetlands was natural and the other was constructed to replace a wetland disturbed by the construction of a road embankment. Water levels were monitored in five 7-inch-diameter wells, approximately 5 feet deep. Water-level recorders on these wells provided continuous records of stage during periods of wetland inundation, and of water-table depths during periods when the wetlands were not inundated. Water levels also were measured periodically in 20 smaller diameter, shallow wells installed in the wetlands. A recording rain gage was installed in the constructed wetland, and a continuous stage recorder was installed on Town Creek, which forms the eastern border of the wetlands. Land surface at the wells was inundated from 0 to 75 percent of the study period, depending on the well. Additionally, water levels were not more than 1.5 feet below land surface for 57 to 85 percent of the time.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95278","usgsCitation":"Johnson, G.C., and Brede, L.M., 1995, Hydrologic data of two wetlands at Spring City, Tennessee, December 1991 through November 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-278, iv, 16 p. ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95278.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p. ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1092,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr_95-278","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":151446,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1be4b07f02db60739f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Gregory C. 0000-0003-3683-5010 gcjohnso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3683-5010","contributorId":1420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Gregory","email":"gcjohnso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":181118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brede, Lawrence M.","contributorId":97518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brede","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":31719,"text":"ofr95511 - 1995 - Preliminary geologic map of the Piru 7.5' quadrangle, southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-23T18:14:56.897555","indexId":"ofr95511","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-511","title":"Preliminary geologic map of the Piru 7.5' quadrangle, southern California","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95511","usgsCitation":"Yerkes, R., and Campbell, R.H., 1995, Preliminary geologic map of the Piru 7.5' quadrangle, southern California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-511, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95511.","productDescription":"9 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":59945,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0511/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":161282,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0511/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":108946,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18499.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"18499"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Piru 7.5' quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.75,\n 34.5\n ],\n [\n -118.875,\n 34.5\n ],\n [\n -118.875,\n 34.375\n ],\n [\n -118.75,\n 34.375\n ],\n [\n -118.75,\n 34.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67add1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yerkes, R.F.","contributorId":105752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yerkes","given":"R.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, R. H.","contributorId":52160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70205177,"text":"70205177 - 1995 - Carbon sequestration in an aggrading forest ecosystem in the Southeastern USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-19T10:20:37","indexId":"70205177","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-30T10:18:15","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3420,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon sequestration in an aggrading forest ecosystem in the Southeastern USA","docAbstract":"An analysis of C pools at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed (PMRW) near Atlanta, GA, indicates that aggrading forests in the U.S. Southeast are an important regional C sink. The forests in this area were cut in the early 1800s and the land was cultivated until the early 1900s, when farming was abandoned and forest regeneration began. Cultivation resulted in extensive erosion, which depleted soil C pools. The rate of soil C sequestration during the 70-yr period of forest regeneration was estimated to be between 0.34 (standard error [SE] = 0.12) and 0.79 (SE = 0.19) Mg C ha−1 yr−1. There is a large potential for continued C accumulation in the soil at PMRW based on the difference between current measured soil C pools of 82 Mg C ha−1 at PMRW and 122 Mg C ha−1 at the nearby “undisturbed” Fernbank Forest in Atlanta, GA. The rate of C sequestration in biomass at PMRW was 1.47 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 for the regeneration period, bringing the ecosystem total to between 1.81 and 2.26 Mg C ha−1 yr−1. Carbon sequestration in temperate forest ecosystems partially mitigates the effects of increased atmospheric loading of CO2.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2136/sssaj1995.03615995005900050036x","usgsCitation":"Huntington, T.G., 1995, Carbon sequestration in an aggrading forest ecosystem in the Southeastern USA: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 59, no. 5, p. 1459-1467, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1995.03615995005900050036x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1459","endPage":"1467","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":367213,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","city":"Atlanta","otherGeospatial":"Panola Mountain Research Watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.19424057006836,\n 33.60804305794581\n ],\n [\n -84.19424057006836,\n 33.65149408962454\n ],\n [\n -84.12694931030273,\n 33.65149408962454\n ],\n [\n -84.12694931030273,\n 33.60804305794581\n ],\n [\n -84.19424057006836,\n 33.60804305794581\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"59","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huntington, Thomas G. 0000-0002-9427-3530 thunting@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-3530","contributorId":117440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"Thomas","email":"thunting@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70205393,"text":"70205393 - 1995 - Loblolly-Shortleaf Pine: Assessment of air pollutant loadings in Stewart and Marion Counties and their relationship to Southern Pine Beetle Infestations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-19T10:47:47","indexId":"70205393","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-17T10:24:24","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"title":"Loblolly-Shortleaf Pine: Assessment of air pollutant loadings in Stewart and Marion Counties and their relationship to Southern Pine Beetle Infestations","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Georgia's forests: 1994 health update","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Georgia Forestry Commission","usgsCitation":"Huntington, T.G., 1995, Loblolly-Shortleaf Pine: Assessment of air pollutant loadings in Stewart and Marion Counties and their relationship to Southern Pine Beetle Infestations, chap. of Georgia's forests: 1994 health update, p. 14-27.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"14","endPage":"27","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":367472,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","county":"Marion County, Stewart County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.16876220703125,\n 31.784216884487385\n ],\n [\n -84.2706298828125,\n 31.784216884487385\n ],\n [\n -84.2706298828125,\n 32.57459172113418\n ],\n [\n -85.16876220703125,\n 32.57459172113418\n ],\n [\n -85.16876220703125,\n 31.784216884487385\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huntington, Thomas G. 0000-0002-9427-3530 thunting@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-3530","contributorId":117440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"Thomas","email":"thunting@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":771038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70069190,"text":"70069190 - 1995 - Soil-solution chemistry in a low-elevation spruce-fir ecosystem, Howland, Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-13T15:53:09","indexId":"70069190","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T15:37:39","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil-solution chemistry in a low-elevation spruce-fir ecosystem, Howland, Maine","docAbstract":"Soil solutions were collected monthly by tension and zero-tension lysimeters in a low-elevation red spruce stand in east-central Maine from May 1987 through December 1992. Soil solutions collected by Oa tension lysimeters had higher concentrations of most constituents than the Oa zero-tension lysimeters. In Oa horizon soil solutions growing season concentrations for SO4, Ca, and Mg averaged 57, 43, and 30 μmol L−1 in tension lysimeters, and 43, 28, and 19 μmol L−1 in zero-tension lysimeters, respectively. Because tension lysimeters remove water held by the soil at tensions up to 10 kPa, solutions are assumed to have more time to react with the soil compared to freely draining solutions collected by zero-tension lysimeters. Solutions collected in the Bs horizon by both types of collectors were similar which was attributed to the frequency of time periods when the water table was above the Bs lysimeters. Concentrations of SO4 and NO3 at this site were lower than concentrations reported for most other eastern U.S. spruce-fir sites, but base cation concentrations fell in the same range. Aluminum concentrations in this study were also lower than reported for other sites in the eastern U.S. and Ca/Al ratios did not suggest inhibition of Ca uptake by roots. Concentrations of SO4, Ca, K, and Cl decreased significantly in both the Oa and Bs horizons over the 56-month sampling period, which could reflect decreasing deposition rates for sulfur and base cations, climatic influences, or natural variation. A longer record of measured fluxes will be needed to adequately define temporal trends in solution chemistry and their causes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water, Air, and Soil Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00479593","usgsCitation":"Fernandez, I.J., Lawrence, G.B., and Son, Y., 1995, Soil-solution chemistry in a low-elevation spruce-fir ecosystem, Howland, Maine: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 84, no. 1-2, p. 129-145, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00479593.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"145","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":280925,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280922,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00479593"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","city":"Howland","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -68.8055,45.0946 ], [ -68.8055,45.3553 ], [ -68.5152,45.3553 ], [ -68.5152,45.0946 ], [ -68.8055,45.0946 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"84","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7332e4b0b29085108c99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fernandez, Ivan J.","contributorId":80174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fernandez","given":"Ivan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lawrence, Gregory B. 0000-0002-8035-2350 glawrenc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-2350","contributorId":867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"Gregory","email":"glawrenc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Son, Yowhan","contributorId":47287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Son","given":"Yowhan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70227635,"text":"70227635 - 1995 - Highly integrated Pluto payload system (HIPPS): A sciencecraft instrument for the Pluto mission","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-21T20:35:47.880527","indexId":"70227635","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T14:15:14","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Highly integrated Pluto payload system (HIPPS): A sciencecraft instrument for the Pluto mission","docAbstract":"Serotype and DNA fingerprint methods were used to study Pasteurella multocida isolated from 320 wild birds of North America. Isolates were collected during 1978-93. The HhaI profiles of 314 isolates matched the HhaI profile of somatic reference type 1, strain X-73; somatic type 1 antigen was expressed by 310 isolates, and the serotype of four isolates was undetected. Differentiation of the 314 isolates was observed by digestion of DNA with HpaII. None of the HpaII profiles matched the HpaII profile of X-73 (designated HhaI 001/HpaII 001). Three HpaII profiles were recognized among the somatic type 1 isolates: HpaII 002 (n = 18), HpaII 003 (n = 122), and HpaII 004 (n = 174). Profile HpaII 002 was found among isolates collected during 1979-83. Profile HpaII 003 was identified from isolates collected during 1979-89, with the exception of two isolates in 1992. The HpaII 004 profile was identified from isolates collected during 1983-93. Of the six remaining isolates, four expressed somatic type 4 and had HhaI profiles identical to the somatic type 4 reference strain P-1662 profile (designated HhaI 004); these isolates were differentiated by digestion of DNA with HpaII. One isolate was identified as serotype F:11, and another was serotype A:3,4. In the present study, 314 of 316 (99.4%) isolates from wild birds in the Central, Mississippi, and Pacific flyways during 1978-93, were P. multocida somatic type 1.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Avian Diseases","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Avian Pathologists","doi":"10.2307/1591812","usgsCitation":"Wilson, M.A., Duncan, R.M., Nordholm, G., and Berlowski, B., 1995, Pasteurella multocida isolated from wild birds of North America: a serotype and DNA fingerprint study of isolates from 1978 to 1993: Avian Diseases, v. 39, no. 3, p. 587-593, https://doi.org/10.2307/1591812.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"587","endPage":"593","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288509,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288507,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object 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America\"}}]}","volume":"39","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"539acc0ce4b0e83db6d08fa1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, M. A.","contributorId":107649,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duncan, R. M.","contributorId":102828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duncan","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nordholm, G.E.","contributorId":51246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordholm","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Berlowski, B.M.","contributorId":76685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berlowski","given":"B.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70169119,"text":"70169119 - 1995 - Herbicides and metabolites in surface and ground water in the midwestern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-21T08:58:36","indexId":"70169119","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T10:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Herbicides and metabolites in surface and ground water in the midwestern United States","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of 209th Chemical Society Meeting","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"209th Chemical Society Meeting","conferenceDate":"April 2-7, 1995","conferenceLocation":"Anaheim, CA","language":"English","publisher":"Chemical Society","usgsCitation":"Goolsby, D.A., Thurman, E., Kolpin, D., and Meyer, M.T., 1995, Herbicides and metabolites in surface and ground water in the midwestern United States, in Proceedings of 209th Chemical Society Meeting, v. 35, no. 1, Anaheim, CA, April 2-7, 1995.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319045,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"35","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f11b57e4b0f59b85ddc436","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goolsby, D. A.","contributorId":50508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kolpin, D.W.","contributorId":87565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meyer, M. T.","contributorId":92279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70245172,"text":"70245172 - 1995 - 40Ar/39Ar and 18O/16O studies of the Chegem ash-flow caldera and the Eldjurta Granite: Cooling of two late Pliocene igneous bodies in the Greater Caucasus Mountains, Russia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-20T14:53:57.132535","indexId":"70245172","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T09:24:56","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"40Ar/39Ar and 18O/16O studies of the Chegem ash-flow caldera and the Eldjurta Granite: Cooling of two late Pliocene igneous bodies in the Greater Caucasus Mountains, Russia","title":"40Ar/39Ar and 18O/16O studies of the Chegem ash-flow caldera and the Eldjurta Granite: Cooling of two late Pliocene igneous bodies in the Greater Caucasus Mountains, Russia","docAbstract":"Volcanic and intrusive rocks of the Chegem caldera and the nearby Eldjurta (Eldzhurtinskiy) Granite record a late Pliocene episode of silicic magmatism in the north-central Caucasus Mountains. Surface exposures, created by the recent rapid uplift and erosion of the Caucasus Mountains, span a 2 km vertical section of Chegem caldera fill and 1150 m of the Eldjurta Granite; cored mineral-exploration drillholes in the Eldjurta Granite extend the sampling to a depth of 4 km. The unique sampling range available in these two young igneous bodies affords an excellent opportunity to study their denudation and cooling histories, which we examine by means of 40Ar/39Ar and 18O/16O measurements on an extensive sample suite. Total-fusion biotite and sanidine ages from eight Chegem Tuff samples, both intracaldera and outflow, are analytically indistinguishable with a weighted mean of 2.82 ± 0.02 Ma. A cross-cutting granodiorite porphyry intrusion has a sanidine total fusion age of 2.84 ± 0.03 Ma, and whole-rock incremental heating of a post-caldera andesite flow, which caps the caldera fill, yields an age of 2.82 ± 0.02 Ma. Thus, caldera formation and post-caldera resurgence and volcanism all occurred within a very short time (< 50,000 yr). Biotite total-fusion ages of ten Eldjurta Granite samples, including seven from ∼ 500 m intervals in the 4 km deep drillhole, show a systematic linear decrease in age with depth from 1.90 Ma near the roof contact of the granite to 1.56 Ma at a depth of 3700 m. Assuming these ages were set at the same temperature, this age/depth gradient implies an isotherm migration rate of 13 mm/yr between 1.90 and 1.56 Ma. This migration rate is due to a combination of rapid denudation and downward relaxation of isotherms, with cooling rates between 200 and 500°C/Ma during this period. Oxygen isotopic compositions of quartz, K-feldspar, plagioclase and biotite from the drillhole samples below the 800 m depth are fairly uniform and record primary igneous δ18O values with little evidence for subsolidus hydrothermal activity. However, in surface outcrop samples and in the shallowest drillhole sample, mineral δ18O values have been lowered by up to 3‰ by interaction with an external (meteoric-hydrothermal?) fluid. The primary mineral δ18O values of the Eldjurta Granite are distinctly higher than the corresponding phenocryst δ18O values in the Chegem volcanic rocks, indicating that the two bodies evolved as separxate magma batches.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(95)00141-X","usgsCitation":"Gazis, C., Lanphere, M.A., Taylor, H.P., and Gurbanov, A., 1995, 40Ar/39Ar and 18O/16O studies of the Chegem ash-flow caldera and the Eldjurta Granite: Cooling of two late Pliocene igneous bodies in the Greater Caucasus Mountains, Russia: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 134, no. 3-4, p. 377-391, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(95)00141-X.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"377","endPage":"391","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":418233,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia","otherGeospatial":"Caucasus Mountains, Chegem Caldera","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 43.05988548464603,\n 43.2046880853876\n ],\n [\n 43.114673477846935,\n 43.221282465366755\n ],\n [\n 43.156653888223246,\n 43.25912149464895\n ],\n [\n 43.156653888223246,\n 43.32851827577409\n ],\n [\n 43.17088453580777,\n 43.343009092861024\n ],\n [\n 43.16946147104912,\n 43.361635062234\n ],\n [\n 43.145269370154494,\n 43.38439237272658\n ],\n [\n 43.0776737941263,\n 43.390080366010494\n ],\n [\n 43.051347096094474,\n 43.39473378169515\n ],\n [\n 43.03640491612995,\n 43.430398097894425\n ],\n [\n 43.02502039806262,\n 43.46294282630262\n ],\n [\n 42.99584757051363,\n 43.44589777136281\n ],\n [\n 42.963117081068816,\n 43.436081772505446\n ],\n [\n 42.93679038303557,\n 43.42161318720093\n ],\n [\n 42.91757900879665,\n 43.39731885824034\n ],\n [\n 42.90761755548658,\n 43.37611797515635\n ],\n [\n 42.8777331955589,\n 43.36835970187275\n ],\n [\n 42.84500270611409,\n 43.34714869117494\n ],\n [\n 42.75748422346706,\n 43.31350628415149\n ],\n [\n 42.764599547258655,\n 43.28450711388302\n ],\n [\n 42.79092624529045,\n 43.24046408835437\n ],\n [\n 42.80729149001354,\n 43.22594882117181\n ],\n [\n 42.80586842525494,\n 43.21143009682899\n ],\n [\n 42.8158298785651,\n 43.194314304981816\n ],\n [\n 42.85923335369861,\n 43.18290110942303\n ],\n [\n 42.919002073555276,\n 43.18290110942303\n ],\n [\n 42.931809656381205,\n 43.19327682993557\n ],\n [\n 42.96596321058459,\n 43.19794532875099\n ],\n [\n 42.98161692292908,\n 43.20831849183938\n ],\n [\n 43.027154995199766,\n 43.20883710369466\n ],\n [\n 43.05988548464603,\n 43.2046880853876\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"134","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gazis, C.","contributorId":75696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gazis","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lanphere, Marvin A. alder@usgs.gov","contributorId":2696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanphere","given":"Marvin","email":"alder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":875756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taylor, Hugh P. Jr.","contributorId":101028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Hugh","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gurbanov, A.G.","contributorId":66855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gurbanov","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70018883,"text":"70018883 - 1995 - Sodium metasomatism along the Melones Fault Zone, Sierra Nevada Foothills, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-07T17:07:40.158284","indexId":"70018883","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2748,"text":"Mineralogical Magazine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sodium metasomatism along the Melones Fault Zone, Sierra Nevada Foothills, California, USA","docAbstract":"Albitite, locally aegirine- and riebeckite-bearing, formed as a result of sodium metasomatism of felsic dykes and argillites along the Melones Fault Zone near Jamestown, California. Pyrite, magnetite, hematite and titanite are common in small amounts in altered dykes. The dykes were originally plagioclase-hornblende porphyritic, and had major and trace element abundances typical of calc-alkaline rocks, whereas they now have Na2O contents as high as 11.40%. Associated fracture-filling veins are dominated by albite, but locally include aegirine, analcime, paragonite, calcite and sodic scapolite. Quartz is present in most albitic rocks, but is absent in riebeckite- and aegirine-bearing samples. Albitization predated CO2 metasomatism and formation of sericite-pyrite assemblages that are typical of gold deposits of the Mother Lode Belt.
Alkaline fluids responsible for Na-metasomatism had elevated Na+/K+ and Na+/H+ relatively high fO2, and low aH4SiO4. The presence of titanite indicates fluid. The presence of titanite indicates fluid XCO2 was low, in contrast to fluids that formed later carbonate-bearing assemblages. Sodic scapolite suggests that, at least locally, the fluids attained very high salinities.
Mass balance calculations indicate that alteration involved addition of large amounts of sodium, and the removal of SiO2 and K2O. Textural preservation, combined with volume factors calculated from specific gravity and whole rock analytical data, indicate that Na-metasomatism was essentially isovolumetric.
Sodium-rich zones along the Melones Fault Zone are closely associated with fault-bounded bodies of ultramafic rock, typically altered to talc-carbonate or quartz-magnesite-Cr muscovite assemblages. Carbonatization and talc-forming reactions in the ultramafic rocks may lead to SiO2-undersaturated fluids. Expansion of the muscovite stability field in terms of Na+/K+-Na+/H+, as a result of incorporation of Cr (up to 7.7% Cr2O3) in muscovite, would result in H+- and K+-depletion as the fluid interacts with ultramafic rocks. This could lead to fluids with elevated Na+/K+ and high pH, as documented in this occurrence.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1180/minmag.1995.059.396.02","usgsCitation":"Albino, G.V., 1995, Sodium metasomatism along the Melones Fault Zone, Sierra Nevada Foothills, California, USA: Mineralogical Magazine, v. 59, no. 396, p. 383-399, https://doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1995.059.396.02.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"383","endPage":"399","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226615,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada Foothills","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.44897140019856,\n 40.250270766965656\n ],\n [\n -121.44897140019856,\n 37.5498064488622\n ],\n [\n -119.40248029925897,\n 37.5498064488622\n ],\n [\n -119.40248029925897,\n 40.250270766965656\n ],\n [\n -121.44897140019856,\n 40.250270766965656\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"59","issue":"396","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-07-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b91d1e4b08c986b319b0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Albino, George V.","contributorId":50545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albino","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":19759,"text":"ofr95222 - 1995 - Analysis of firn gases collected at shallow depths in the Wrangell-St. Elias range, Alaska, the GISP2 site, Greenland, and the Taylor Dome site, East Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:49","indexId":"ofr95222","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-222","title":"Analysis of firn gases collected at shallow depths in the Wrangell-St. Elias range, Alaska, the GISP2 site, Greenland, and the Taylor Dome site, East Antarctica","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr95222","usgsCitation":"Landis, G.P., Fitzpatrick, J.J., and Everett, T., 1995, Analysis of firn gases collected at shallow depths in the Wrangell-St. Elias range, Alaska, the GISP2 site, Greenland, and the Taylor Dome site, East Antarctica: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-222, 48 p. ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95222.","productDescription":"48 p. ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153641,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0222/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49231,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0222/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db68044f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landis, Gary P.","contributorId":72405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landis","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fitzpatrick, Joan J. jfitz@usgs.gov","contributorId":1416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"Joan","email":"jfitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":181457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Everett, T.","contributorId":97936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Everett","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}