{"pageNumber":"3879","pageRowStart":"96950","pageSize":"25","recordCount":185172,"records":[{"id":70185356,"text":"70185356 - 1995 - State-dependent anisotrophy: Comparison of quasi-analytical solutions with stochastic results for steady gravity drainage","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T09:49:12","indexId":"70185356","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"State-dependent anisotrophy: Comparison of quasi-analytical solutions with stochastic results for steady gravity drainage","docAbstract":"<p><span>Anisotropy in large-scale unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of layered soils changes with the moisture state. Here, state-dependent anisotropy is computed under conditions of large-scale gravity drainage. Soils represented by Gardner's exponential function are perfectly stratified, periodic, and inclined. Analytical integration of Darcy’s law across each layer results in a system of nonlinear equations that is solved iteratively for capillary suction at layer interfaces and for the Darcy flux normal to layering. Computed fluxes and suction profiles are used to determine both upscaled hydraulic conductivity in the principal directions and the corresponding “state-dependent” anisotropy ratio as functions of the mean suction. Three groups of layered soils are analyzed and compared with independent predictions from the stochastic results of Yeh et al. (1985b). The small-perturbation approach predicts appropriate behaviors for anisotropy under nonarid conditions. However, the stochastic results are limited to moderate values of mean suction; this limitation is linked to a Taylor series approximation in terms of a group of statistical and geometric parameters. Two alternative forms of the Taylor series provide upper and lower bounds for the state-dependent anisotropy of relatively dry soils.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/95WR00790","usgsCitation":"Green, T.R., and Freyberg, D.L., 1995, State-dependent anisotrophy: Comparison of quasi-analytical solutions with stochastic results for steady gravity drainage: Water Resources Research, v. 31, no. 9, p. 2201-2211, https://doi.org/10.1029/95WR00790.","productDescription":"11 p. ","startPage":"2201","endPage":"2211","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337917,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d23b93e4b0236b68f82916","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Green, Timothy R.","contributorId":93587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freyberg, David L.","contributorId":189597,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Freyberg","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30538,"text":"wri944241 - 1995 - Scour at selected bridge sites in Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:12","indexId":"wri944241","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4241","title":"Scour at selected bridge sites in Mississippi","docAbstract":"Scour data were collected during 1936-94 at 22 bridge sites in Mississippi. The drainage area of the bridge-scour sites ranged from 60.8 to 5,720 square miles, and the slope in the vicinity of each site ranged from 0.00011 to 0.00163 foot per foot. Measured pier-scour depths ranged from 0.6 to 20.4 feet. Measured total-scour depths at minimum-bed elevation ranged from 5.2 to 29.8 feet. Recurrence intervals of measured streamflow discharges ranged from less than 2 years to about 500 years. All of the Mississippi pier-scour depths were within 2.3 times the normal pier width, which agreed with previous research. Only 12 (6 percent) of the 190 measured pier-scour depths were greater than 1.1 times the normal pier width. Measured pier-scour depths were as much as 2.24 times a normal pier width of 3.3 feet. However, for pier widths greater than about 4 feet, measured pier-scour depths were significantly less than 2.3 times the normal pier width. An envelope-curve equation for the Mississippi pier-scour data was developed by relating pier-scour depth divided by normal pier width to measured approach-flow depth divided by normal pier width. The envelope-curve equation predictions could be used for reasonable verifi- cations of the HEC-18 pier-scour predictions, currently required for the design and mainte- nance of bridges over waterways in Mississippi.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944241","usgsCitation":"Wilson, K., 1995, Scour at selected bridge sites in Mississippi: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4241, iv, 44 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944241.","productDescription":"iv, 44 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161076,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4241/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59313,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4241/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaee4b07f02db66c811","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, K.V. Jr.","contributorId":31419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"K.V.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70185382,"text":"70185382 - 1995 - Gross-beta activity in ground water: natural sources and artifacts of sampling and laboratory analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-17T15:23:29.393021","indexId":"70185382","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gross-beta activity in ground water: natural sources and artifacts of sampling and laboratory analysis","docAbstract":"<p>Gross-beta activity has been used as an indicator of beta-emitting isotopes in water since at least the early 1950s. Originally designed for detection of radioactive releases from nuclear facilities and weapons tests, analysis of gross-beta activity is widely used in studies of naturally occurring radioactivity in ground water. Analyses of about 800 samples from 5 ground-water regions of the United States provide a basis for evaluating the utility of this measurement. The data suggest that measured gross-beta activities are due to (1) long-lived radionuclides in ground water, and (2) ingrowth of beta-emitting radionuclides during holding times between collection of samples and laboratory measurements.</p><p>Although<sup>40</sup>K and<sup>228</sup>Ra appear to be the primary sources of beta activity in ground water, the sum of<sup>40</sup>K plus<sup>228</sup>Ra appears to be less than the measured gross-beta activity in most ground-water samples. The difference between the contribution from these radionuclides and gross-beta activity is most pronounced in ground water with gross-beta activities &gt; 10 pCi/L, where these 2 radionuclides account for less than one-half the measured ross-beta activity. One exception is groundwater from the Coastal Plain of New Jersey, where<sup>40</sup>K plus<sup>228</sup>Ra generally contribute most of the gross-beta activity. In contrast,<sup>40</sup>K and<sup>228</sup>Ra generally contribute most of beta activity in ground water with gross-beta activities &lt; 1 pCi/L.</p><p>The gross-beta technique does not measure all beta activity in ground water. Although<sup>3</sup>H contributes beta activity to some ground water, it is driven from the sample before counting and therefore is not detected by gross-beta measurements. Beta-emitting radionuclides with half-lives shorter than a few days can decay to low values between sampling and counting. Although little is known about concentrations of most short-lived beta-emitting radionuclides in environmental ground water (water unaffected by direct releases from nuclear facilities and weapons tests), their activities are expected to be low.</p><p>Ingrowth of beta-emitting radionuclides during sample holding times can contribute to gross-beta activity, particularly in ground water with gross-beta activities &gt; 10 pCi/L. Ingrowth of beta-emitting progeny of<sup>238</sup>U, specifically<sup>234</sup>Pa and<sup>234</sup>Th, contributes much of the measured gross-beta activity in ground water from 4 of the 5 areas studied. Consequently, gross-beta activity measurements commonly overestimate the abundance of beta-emitting radionuclides actually present in ground water. Differing sample holding times before analysis lead to differing amounts of ingrowth of the two progeny. Therefore, holding times can affect observed gross-beta measurements, particularly in ground water with<sup>238</sup>U activities that are moderate to high compared with the activity of<sup>40</sup>K plus<sup>228</sup>Ra. Uncertainties associated with counting efficiencies for beta particles with different energies further complicate the interpretation of gross-beta measurements.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0883-2927(95)00020-8","usgsCitation":"Welch, A., Szabo, Z., Parkhurst, D.L., Van Metre, P.C., and Mullin, A.H., 1995, Gross-beta activity in ground water: natural sources and artifacts of sampling and laboratory analysis: Applied Geochemistry, v. 10, no. 5, p. 491-503, https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(95)00020-8.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"491","endPage":"503","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337945,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d23b93e4b0236b68f82910","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Welch, Alan H.","contributorId":45286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welch","given":"Alan H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Szabo, Zoltan 0000-0002-0760-9607 zszabo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-9607","contributorId":138827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Zoltan","email":"zszabo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parkhurst, David L. 0000-0003-3348-1544 dlpark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3348-1544","contributorId":1088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkhurst","given":"David","email":"dlpark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Van Metre, Peter C. 0000-0001-7564-9814","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7564-9814","contributorId":211144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mullin, Ann H. ahmullin@usgs.gov","contributorId":2188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullin","given":"Ann","email":"ahmullin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":814583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70185314,"text":"70185314 - 1995 - Estimating 14C groundwater ages in a methanogenic aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T09:05:19","indexId":"70185314","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Estimating <sup>14</sup>C groundwater ages in a methanogenic aquifer","title":"Estimating 14C groundwater ages in a methanogenic aquifer","docAbstract":"<p><span>This paper addresses the problem of&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>C age dating of groundwaters in a confined regional aquifer affected by methanogenesis. Increasing CH</span><sub>4</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>concentrations along the groundwater flow system and<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>13</sup><span>C and<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>14</sup><span>C isotopic data for dissolved inorganic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, and CH</span><sub>4</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>clearly show the effect of methanogenesis on groundwater chemistry. Inverse reaction path modeling using NETPATH indicates the predominant geochemical reactions controlling the chemical evolution of groundwater in the aquifer are incongruent dissolution of dolomite, ion exchange, methanogenesis, and oxidation of sedimentary organic matter. Modeling of groundwater<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>14</sup><span>C ages using NETPATH indicates that a significant part of groundwater in the Alliston aquifer is less than 13,000 years old; however, older groundwater in the range of 15,000–23,000 years is also present in the aquifer. This paper demonstrates that 14C ages calculated using NETPATH, incorporating the effects of methanogenesis on the carbon pools, provide reasonable groundwater ages that were not possible by other isotopic methods.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/95WR01271","usgsCitation":"Aravena, R., Wassenaar, L.I., and Plummer, N., 1995, Estimating 14C groundwater ages in a methanogenic aquifer: Water Resources Research, v. 31, no. 9, p. 2307-2317, https://doi.org/10.1029/95WR01271.","productDescription":"11 p. ","startPage":"2307","endPage":"2317","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337855,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d0ea1ee4b0236b68f6739b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aravena, Ramon ","contributorId":189546,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aravena","given":"Ramon ","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wassenaar, Leonard I","contributorId":150277,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wassenaar","given":"Leonard","email":"","middleInitial":"I","affiliations":[{"id":17954,"text":"International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":685138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":17465,"text":"ofr93657 - 1995 - Pesticide, nutrient, water-discharge and physical-property data for the Mississippi River and some of its tributaries, April 1991-September 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-12T14:01:09.703107","indexId":"ofr93657","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-657","title":"Pesticide, nutrient, water-discharge and physical-property data for the Mississippi River and some of its tributaries, April 1991-September 1992","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ","doi":"10.3133/ofr93657","usgsCitation":"Coupe, R.H., 1995, Pesticide, nutrient, water-discharge and physical-property data for the Mississippi River and some of its tributaries, April 1991-September 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-657, v, 116 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93657.","productDescription":"v, 116 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":46619,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0657/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":150921,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0657/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.20898437499999,\n              30.524413269923986\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.912109375,\n              32.84267363195431\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.06640625,\n              36.03133177633187\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.484375,\n              39.027718840211605\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.12109375,\n              41.50857729743935\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.439453125,\n              45.398449976304086\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.306640625,\n              47.27922900257082\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.97656249999999,\n              46.6795944656402\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.33984375,\n              44.276671273775186\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.28515625,\n              41.96765920367816\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.724609375,\n              39.90973623453719\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.52734374999999,\n              37.50972584293751\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.373046875,\n              33.7243396617476\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.900390625,\n              31.27855085894653\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.439453125,\n              28.844673680771795\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.20898437499999,\n              30.524413269923986\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688340","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coupe, Richard H. 0000-0001-8679-1015 rhcoupe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8679-1015","contributorId":551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coupe","given":"Richard","email":"rhcoupe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":394,"text":"Mississippi Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":176498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":17006,"text":"ofr95149 - 1995 - Concentration and transport data for selected dissolved inorganic constituents and dissolved organic carbon in water collected from the Mississippi River and some of its tributaries, July 1991-May 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-08T13:01:23","indexId":"ofr95149","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-149","title":"Concentration and transport data for selected dissolved inorganic constituents and dissolved organic carbon in water collected from the Mississippi River and some of its tributaries, July 1991-May 1992","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr95149","usgsCitation":"Garbarino, J.R., Antweiler, R.C., Brinton, T., Roth, D., and Taylor, H.E., 1995, Concentration and transport data for selected dissolved inorganic constituents and dissolved organic carbon in water collected from the Mississippi River and some of its tributaries, July 1991-May 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-149, viii, 149 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95149.","productDescription":"viii, 149 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":148144,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0149/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":46139,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0149/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -95.2294921875,\n              45.89000815866184\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.50390625,\n              46.07323062540835\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.185546875,\n              45.02695045318546\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.7685546875,\n              43.58039085560784\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.4833984375,\n              41.73852846935917\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.4501953125,\n              39.30029918615029\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.23046875,\n              35.137879119634185\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.0654296875,\n              31.541089879585808\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.7578125,\n              29.305561325527698\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.9892578125,\n              28.34306490482549\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.505859375,\n              30.29701788337205\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.65917968749999,\n              30.486550842588485\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.791015625,\n              32.13840869677249\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.82421875,\n              34.08906131584994\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.9453125,\n              35.96022296929667\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.9453125,\n              37.579412513438385\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.912109375,\n              39.70718665682654\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.384765625,\n              41.57436130598913\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.966796875,\n              44.05601169578525\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.2294921875,\n              45.89000815866184\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a618e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garbarino, John R. jrgarb@usgs.gov","contributorId":2189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garbarino","given":"John","email":"jrgarb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":174526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Antweiler, Ronald C. 0000-0001-5652-6034 antweil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-6034","contributorId":1481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Antweiler","given":"Ronald","email":"antweil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":174528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brinton, T.I.","contributorId":93922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brinton","given":"T.I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roth, D.A.","contributorId":100864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roth","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Taylor, Howard E. hetaylor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Howard","email":"hetaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":174527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":17853,"text":"ofr95138 - 1995 - Water-resources activities in Utah by the U.S. Geological Survey, October 1, 1992, to September 30, 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T13:37:39","indexId":"ofr95138","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-138","title":"Water-resources activities in Utah by the U.S. Geological Survey, October 1, 1992, to September 30, 1993","docAbstract":"This report contains summaries of the progress of water-resources studies in Utah by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Water Resources Division, Utah District, from October 1, 1992, to September 30, 1993. The program in Utah during this period consisted of 21 projects; a discussion of each project is presented in the main body of the report. The USGS was established by an act of Congress on March 3, 1879, to provide a permanent Federal agency to conduct the systematic and scientific classifi- cation of the public lands, and examination of the geologic structure, mineral resources, and products of national domain. An integral part of that original mission includes publishing and dissemi- nating the earth-science information needed to understand, to plan the use of, and to manage the Nation's energy, land, mineral, and water resources.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/ofr95138","usgsCitation":"1995, Water-resources activities in Utah by the U.S. Geological Survey, October 1, 1992, to September 30, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-138, vi, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95138.","productDescription":"vi, 37 p.","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":149930,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0138/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47091,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0138/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4dfa","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Hardy, Ellen E.","contributorId":79122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardy","given":"Ellen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709175,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dragos, Stefanie L.","contributorId":107301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dragos","given":"Stefanie","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709176,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":31752,"text":"ofr95188 - 1995 - Map showing location of observation wells in Massachusetts and Rhode Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-02T22:16:07.171275","indexId":"ofr95188","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-188","title":"Map showing location of observation wells in Massachusetts and Rhode Island","docAbstract":"This map shows the locations of the 136 observation wells from the observation-well network maintained by the U.S. Geological Survey in Massachusetts and Rhode Island. The wells are identified by town name and well number. The map shows the location of the 10 observation wells that have digital recorders and the 126 observation wells that are measured by local observers. The aquifer material (sand, till, or bedrock) in which a well is located is noted. County and town boundaries are shown on the map. These features are presented at a scale of 1:400,000 (map size is about 38 by 30 inches). The map includes textual information describing the uses of observation-well data. The information is organized by construction, water supply, water quality, and statistical analysis. The map also presents observation well information, which was obtained from the annual data report of the Massachusetts--Rhode Island District. This infor-  mation is presented in tabular form and includes town name, well number, aquifer material in which the well is located, and well depth below the land surface. The map was produced from a digital data base using a Geographic Information System. State boundaries were generated from digital line graphs maintained by the U.S. Geological Survey. Town and county boundaries were digitized from stable-base materials maintained by State agencies. The map was prepared in cooperation with State agencies of Massachusetts and Rhode Island.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95188","usgsCitation":"Rader, J.C., 1995, Map showing location of observation wells in Massachusetts and Rhode Island: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-188, 1 Plate: 40.00 × 31.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95188.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 40.00 × 31.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160177,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":410024,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18415.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":19546,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0188/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"400000","country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts, Rhode Island","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-70.827398,41.602067],[-70.823735,41.598569],[-70.820918,41.587673],[-70.82191,41.582841],[-70.830087,41.585385],[-70.838452,41.59646],[-70.832044,41.606504],[-70.827398,41.602067]]],[[[-70.59628,41.471905],[-70.57485,41.468259],[-70.567356,41.471208],[-70.56328,41.469127],[-70.553277,41.452955],[-70.552943,41.443394],[-70.555588,41.430882],[-70.553096,41.423952],[-70.547567,41.415831],[-70.538301,41.409241],[-70.528581,41.4051],[-70.517584,41.403769],[-70.506984,41.400242],[-70.502372,41.392005],[-70.501306,41.385391],[-70.498959,41.384339],[-70.490758,41.383634],[-70.484503,41.38629],[-70.472604,41.399128],[-70.473035,41.408757],[-70.470788,41.412875],[-70.463833,41.419145],[-70.450431,41.420703],[-70.446233,41.39648],[-70.449268,41.380422],[-70.448262,41.353651],[-70.451084,41.348161],[-70.496162,41.346452],[-70.538294,41.348958],[-70.599157,41.349272],[-70.709826,41.341723],[-70.733253,41.336226],[-70.747541,41.329952],[-70.764188,41.318706],[-70.768015,41.311959],[-70.766166,41.308962],[-70.768687,41.303702],[-70.775665,41.300982],[-70.802083,41.314207],[-70.819415,41.327212],[-70.838777,41.347209],[-70.833802,41.353386],[-70.812309,41.355745],[-70.800289,41.3538],[-70.783291,41.347829],[-70.774974,41.349176],[-70.768901,41.353246],[-70.729225,41.397728],[-70.724366,41.398942],[-70.712432,41.40885],[-70.711493,41.41546],[-70.701378,41.430925],[-70.686881,41.441334],[-70.64933,41.461068],[-70.603555,41.482384],[-70.598444,41.481151],[-70.59628,41.471905]]],[[[-70.092142,41.297741],[-70.082072,41.299093],[-70.062565,41.308726],[-70.046088,41.321651],[-70.031332,41.339332],[-70.028805,41.359919],[-70.030924,41.367453],[-70.038458,41.376399],[-70.049564,41.3879],[-70.049053,41.391702],[-70.033514,41.385816],[-70.018446,41.36863],[-69.960277,41.278731],[-69.960181,41.264546],[-69.965725,41.252466],[-69.975,41.247392],[-70.001586,41.239353],[-70.015225,41.237964],[-70.052807,41.242685],[-70.083239,41.2444],[-70.096967,41.24085],[-70.118669,41.242351],[-70.170681,41.255881],[-70.237175,41.282724],[-70.256164,41.288123],[-70.266776,41.294453],[-70.273478,41.301528],[-70.275526,41.310464],[-70.260632,41.310092],[-70.249276,41.305623],[-70.244435,41.303203],[-70.240153,41.295384],[-70.229541,41.290171],[-70.20869,41.290171],[-70.196304,41.294612],[-70.12446,41.293851],[-70.092142,41.297741]]],[[[-73.022903,42.741133],[-72.809113,42.736581],[-71.981402,42.713294],[-71.351874,42.698154],[-71.330206,42.69719],[-71.294205,42.69699],[-71.278929,42.711258],[-71.267905,42.72589],[-71.255605,42.736389],[-71.245504,42.742589],[-71.233404,42.745489],[-71.223904,42.746689],[-71.181803,42.73759],[-71.186104,42.790689],[-71.174403,42.801589],[-71.165603,42.808689],[-71.149703,42.815489],[-71.132503,42.821389],[-71.064201,42.806289],[-71.053601,42.833089],[-71.047501,42.844089],[-71.044401,42.848789],[-71.031201,42.859089],[-70.9665,42.868989],[-70.949199,42.876089],[-70.930799,42.884589],[-70.914899,42.886589],[-70.902768,42.88653],[-70.886136,42.88261],[-70.848625,42.860939],[-70.837376,42.864996],[-70.830795,42.868918],[-70.821769,42.87188],[-70.817296,42.87229],[-70.817731,42.850613],[-70.80522,42.781798],[-70.792867,42.747118],[-70.772267,42.711064],[-70.770453,42.704824],[-70.778552,42.69852],[-70.778671,42.693622],[-70.764421,42.68565],[-70.748752,42.683878],[-70.744427,42.682092],[-70.72982,42.669602],[-70.728845,42.663877],[-70.689402,42.653319],[-70.682594,42.654525],[-70.681594,42.662342],[-70.663548,42.677603],[-70.645101,42.689423],[-70.630077,42.692699],[-70.620031,42.688006],[-70.622864,42.67599],[-70.623815,42.665481],[-70.622791,42.660873],[-70.61482,42.65765],[-70.595474,42.660336],[-70.591742,42.648508],[-70.591469,42.639821],[-70.594014,42.63503],[-70.605611,42.634898],[-70.61842,42.62864],[-70.635635,42.600243],[-70.654727,42.582234],[-70.664887,42.580436],[-70.668022,42.581732],[-70.668488,42.589643],[-70.670442,42.592249],[-70.672583,42.594296],[-70.678819,42.594389],[-70.681428,42.593173],[-70.684502,42.588858],[-70.698574,42.577393],[-70.729688,42.57151],[-70.737044,42.576863],[-70.757283,42.570455],[-70.804091,42.561595],[-70.815391,42.554195],[-70.823291,42.551495],[-70.848492,42.550195],[-70.871382,42.546404],[-70.872357,42.542952],[-70.866279,42.522617],[-70.859751,42.520441],[-70.857125,42.521492],[-70.842091,42.519495],[-70.831091,42.503596],[-70.835991,42.490496],[-70.841591,42.487596],[-70.847391,42.491496],[-70.857791,42.490296],[-70.879692,42.478796],[-70.886493,42.470197],[-70.887992,42.467096],[-70.887292,42.464896],[-70.894292,42.460896],[-70.908092,42.466896],[-70.917693,42.467996],[-70.921993,42.466696],[-70.934993,42.457896],[-70.934264,42.444646],[-70.933155,42.437833],[-70.928226,42.430986],[-70.913192,42.427697],[-70.908392,42.425197],[-70.901992,42.420297],[-70.905692,42.416197],[-70.936393,42.418097],[-70.943295,42.436248],[-70.943612,42.452092],[-70.94702,42.456236],[-70.96047,42.446166],[-70.960835,42.441272],[-70.982994,42.423996],[-70.987694,42.416696],[-70.990595,42.407098],[-70.989195,42.402598],[-70.985068,42.402041],[-70.983426,42.396246],[-70.980336,42.391513],[-70.972706,42.389968],[-70.970195,42.388036],[-70.97174,42.387071],[-70.972513,42.385042],[-70.972223,42.377316],[-70.953292,42.349698],[-70.953022,42.343973],[-70.963578,42.34686],[-70.974897,42.355843],[-70.979927,42.356382],[-70.998253,42.352788],[-71.006877,42.347039],[-71.01568,42.326019],[-71.013165,42.315419],[-71.000948,42.302483],[-71.006158,42.28811],[-71.0049,42.28272],[-70.996097,42.271222],[-70.98909,42.267449],[-70.967351,42.268168],[-70.948971,42.272505],[-70.945547,42.269081],[-70.935886,42.264189],[-70.923169,42.263211],[-70.910941,42.265412],[-70.896267,42.2851],[-70.895778,42.292436],[-70.897123,42.29586],[-70.915588,42.302463],[-70.91749,42.305686],[-70.907556,42.307889],[-70.882764,42.30886],[-70.881242,42.300663],[-70.870873,42.285668],[-70.861807,42.275965],[-70.851093,42.26827],[-70.831075,42.267424],[-70.811742,42.262935],[-70.788724,42.25392],[-70.770964,42.249197],[-70.764757,42.244062],[-70.754488,42.228673],[-70.74723,42.221816],[-70.73056,42.21094],[-70.722269,42.207959],[-70.718707,42.184853],[-70.714301,42.168783],[-70.706264,42.163137],[-70.685315,42.133025],[-70.663931,42.108336],[-70.640169,42.088633],[-70.63848,42.081579],[-70.647349,42.076331],[-70.64819,42.068441],[-70.643208,42.050821],[-70.644337,42.045895],[-70.650874,42.046247],[-70.66936,42.037116],[-70.671666,42.02139],[-70.667512,42.01232],[-70.670934,42.007786],[-70.678798,42.00551],[-70.686798,42.012764],[-70.695809,42.013346],[-70.712204,42.007586],[-70.710034,41.999544],[-70.698981,41.987103],[-70.662476,41.960592],[-70.651673,41.958701],[-70.648365,41.961672],[-70.631251,41.950475],[-70.623513,41.943273],[-70.616491,41.940204],[-70.608166,41.940701],[-70.598078,41.947772],[-70.583572,41.950007],[-70.552941,41.929641],[-70.546386,41.916751],[-70.54741,41.911934],[-70.545949,41.907158],[-70.532084,41.889568],[-70.525567,41.85873],[-70.535487,41.839381],[-70.542065,41.831263],[-70.543168,41.824446],[-70.54103,41.815754],[-70.532656,41.804796],[-70.517411,41.790953],[-70.494048,41.773883],[-70.471552,41.761563],[-70.412476,41.744397],[-70.375341,41.738779],[-70.290957,41.734312],[-70.275203,41.726143],[-70.272289,41.721346],[-70.263654,41.714115],[-70.259205,41.713954],[-70.23485,41.733733],[-70.216073,41.742981],[-70.189254,41.751982],[-70.182076,41.750885],[-70.141533,41.760072],[-70.121978,41.758841],[-70.096061,41.766549],[-70.064314,41.772845],[-70.024734,41.787364],[-70.008462,41.800786],[-70.003842,41.80852],[-70.004486,41.838826],[-70.009013,41.876625],[-70.000188,41.886938],[-70.002922,41.890315],[-70.012154,41.891656],[-70.024335,41.89882],[-70.025553,41.911699],[-70.030537,41.929154],[-70.044995,41.930049],[-70.054464,41.927366],[-70.065671,41.911658],[-70.065372,41.887702],[-70.064084,41.878924],[-70.066002,41.877011],[-70.067566,41.877793],[-70.070889,41.882973],[-70.073039,41.899783],[-70.074006,41.93865],[-70.077421,41.985497],[-70.083775,42.012041],[-70.089578,42.024896],[-70.095595,42.032832],[-70.10806,42.043601],[-70.123043,42.051668],[-70.148294,42.06195],[-70.155415,42.062409],[-70.169781,42.059736],[-70.178468,42.05642],[-70.186816,42.05045],[-70.194456,42.03947],[-70.195345,42.034163],[-70.193074,42.027576],[-70.186295,42.021308],[-70.186708,42.019904],[-70.190834,42.020028],[-70.196693,42.022429],[-70.208016,42.03073],[-70.218701,42.045848],[-70.233256,42.057714],[-70.238875,42.060479],[-70.24354,42.060569],[-70.245385,42.063733],[-70.238087,42.072878],[-70.225626,42.078601],[-70.206899,42.0819],[-70.189305,42.082337],[-70.160166,42.078628],[-70.115968,42.067638],[-70.082624,42.054657],[-70.058531,42.040363],[-70.033501,42.017736],[-70.011898,41.98972],[-69.986085,41.949597],[-69.968598,41.9117],[-69.945314,41.845222],[-69.935952,41.809422],[-69.928652,41.74125],[-69.928261,41.6917],[-69.933114,41.670014],[-69.947599,41.645394],[-69.951169,41.640799],[-69.958272,41.639429],[-69.967869,41.627503],[-69.976478,41.603664],[-69.982768,41.581812],[-69.988215,41.554704],[-69.998071,41.54365],[-70.004136,41.54212],[-70.011504,41.542924],[-70.014456,41.545534],[-70.016584,41.550772],[-70.015059,41.553037],[-70.010644,41.552692],[-70.00153,41.561953],[-69.994357,41.576846],[-69.987192,41.608579],[-69.973035,41.641046],[-69.973153,41.646963],[-69.975719,41.653738],[-69.996359,41.667184],[-70.007011,41.671579],[-70.014211,41.671971],[-70.029346,41.667744],[-70.055523,41.664843],[-70.089238,41.662813],[-70.140877,41.650423],[-70.158621,41.650438],[-70.191061,41.645259],[-70.245867,41.628479],[-70.25621,41.620698],[-70.25542,41.617541],[-70.259601,41.610863],[-70.265424,41.609333],[-70.267587,41.610912],[-70.269687,41.617775],[-70.26913,41.625742],[-70.274522,41.632927],[-70.28132,41.635125],[-70.29062,41.635196],[-70.321588,41.630508],[-70.329924,41.634578],[-70.338067,41.636338],[-70.351634,41.634687],[-70.360352,41.631069],[-70.364892,41.626721],[-70.364744,41.623671],[-70.369854,41.615888],[-70.379151,41.611361],[-70.400581,41.606382],[-70.408535,41.607345],[-70.437246,41.605329],[-70.445289,41.591815],[-70.461278,41.57182],[-70.476256,41.558502],[-70.485571,41.554244],[-70.493244,41.552044],[-70.522327,41.548965],[-70.559689,41.54833],[-70.611081,41.542989],[-70.633607,41.538254],[-70.643627,41.532357],[-70.654104,41.519025],[-70.663856,41.514031],[-70.675379,41.512623],[-70.705181,41.496677],[-70.734306,41.486335],[-70.757171,41.469917],[-70.756481,41.465977],[-70.760863,41.460947],[-70.79027,41.446339],[-70.817478,41.445562],[-70.835867,41.441877],[-70.857528,41.425767],[-70.866946,41.422378],[-70.902763,41.421061],[-70.928197,41.415781],[-70.937282,41.411618],[-70.948431,41.409193],[-70.951045,41.411777],[-70.949861,41.415323],[-70.928165,41.431265],[-70.923698,41.430716],[-70.918983,41.4253],[-70.91164,41.424484],[-70.906011,41.425708],[-70.883247,41.432239],[-70.855265,41.448892],[-70.828546,41.456448],[-70.802186,41.460864],[-70.787769,41.474609],[-70.775268,41.477465],[-70.753905,41.492256],[-70.745053,41.500966],[-70.658659,41.543385],[-70.654302,41.549926],[-70.655365,41.557498],[-70.653899,41.56516],[-70.64878,41.56987],[-70.642748,41.572385],[-70.640948,41.577325],[-70.64204,41.583066],[-70.652449,41.60521],[-70.651986,41.610184],[-70.640003,41.624616],[-70.645251,41.633547],[-70.652614,41.637829],[-70.650419,41.644202],[-70.638695,41.649427],[-70.637632,41.654573],[-70.646308,41.678433],[-70.649285,41.680943],[-70.661475,41.681756],[-70.645962,41.693794],[-70.62544,41.698691],[-70.623652,41.707398],[-70.626529,41.712995],[-70.644641,41.71898],[-70.651093,41.715715],[-70.656596,41.715401],[-70.670453,41.721912],[-70.708193,41.730959],[-70.718739,41.73574],[-70.726331,41.732731],[-70.728933,41.723433],[-70.721302,41.712968],[-70.717451,41.69398],[-70.719575,41.685002],[-70.729395,41.68814],[-70.744396,41.696967],[-70.755347,41.694326],[-70.761481,41.676808],[-70.76236,41.667735],[-70.758198,41.661225],[-70.757622,41.654265],[-70.765463,41.641575],[-70.769318,41.641145],[-70.773654,41.645033],[-70.776709,41.650756],[-70.809118,41.656437],[-70.813286,41.65567],[-70.815729,41.652796],[-70.816351,41.645995],[-70.804664,41.641157],[-70.800215,41.631753],[-70.801063,41.629513],[-70.810279,41.624873],[-70.835296,41.624532],[-70.844165,41.628983],[-70.852518,41.626919],[-70.855162,41.624145],[-70.850181,41.593529],[-70.853121,41.587321],[-70.857239,41.587705],[-70.868904,41.614664],[-70.86836,41.622664],[-70.869624,41.625608],[-70.872665,41.627816],[-70.889209,41.632904],[-70.913202,41.619266],[-70.904522,41.610361],[-70.899981,41.593504],[-70.901381,41.592504],[-70.910814,41.595506],[-70.916581,41.607483],[-70.920074,41.61081],[-70.927172,41.611253],[-70.929722,41.609479],[-70.93,41.600441],[-70.927393,41.594064],[-70.931338,41.5842],[-70.937978,41.577416],[-70.941588,41.581034],[-70.946911,41.581089],[-70.948797,41.579038],[-70.9473,41.573659],[-70.93783,41.565239],[-70.931545,41.540169],[-70.941785,41.540121],[-70.979225,41.530427],[-70.983354,41.520616],[-71.003275,41.511912],[-71.019354,41.508857],[-71.035514,41.499047],[-71.058418,41.505967],[-71.085663,41.509292],[-71.12057,41.497448],[-71.136867,41.493942],[-71.141093,41.489937],[-71.140224,41.485855],[-71.167345,41.471405],[-71.170131,41.463974],[-71.19302,41.457931],[-71.194967,41.459037],[-71.196857,41.461116],[-71.196607,41.464756],[-71.190016,41.478275],[-71.190167,41.484285],[-71.19939,41.491769],[-71.199692,41.495511],[-71.206382,41.499215],[-71.200788,41.514371],[-71.213563,41.545818],[-71.20865,41.571028],[-71.20778,41.60066],[-71.212656,41.610072],[-71.212004,41.62299],[-71.21616,41.62549],[-71.240709,41.619225],[-71.2436,41.587508],[-71.23613,41.574767],[-71.236642,41.535852],[-71.234775,41.532538],[-71.227989,41.528297],[-71.229444,41.521544],[-71.240614,41.500557],[-71.238586,41.486845],[-71.237175,41.486546],[-71.236751,41.483369],[-71.24071,41.474872],[-71.246703,41.47196],[-71.245992,41.481302],[-71.252692,41.485902],[-71.264793,41.488902],[-71.285639,41.487805],[-71.295111,41.48435],[-71.304394,41.454502],[-71.311394,41.450802],[-71.312694,41.451402],[-71.312718,41.454597],[-71.32141,41.4556],[-71.337695,41.448902],[-71.351096,41.450802],[-71.362743,41.460379],[-71.36152,41.464831],[-71.34707,41.47123],[-71.335992,41.469647],[-71.316519,41.47756],[-71.317414,41.488776],[-71.323125,41.503088],[-71.327804,41.504258],[-71.330694,41.507699],[-71.330831,41.518364],[-71.313079,41.534672],[-71.310533,41.54692],[-71.303652,41.559925],[-71.294363,41.571416],[-71.288376,41.573274],[-71.285142,41.577127],[-71.273445,41.60699],[-71.272412,41.615041],[-71.275234,41.619444],[-71.271862,41.623986],[-71.251082,41.63878],[-71.212136,41.641945],[-71.19564,41.67509],[-71.224798,41.710498],[-71.227875,41.705498],[-71.240991,41.697744],[-71.237635,41.681635],[-71.24155,41.667205],[-71.25956,41.642595],[-71.267055,41.644945],[-71.270075,41.652439],[-71.26918,41.6549],[-71.280366,41.672575],[-71.287637,41.672463],[-71.290546,41.662395],[-71.299159,41.649531],[-71.301396,41.649978],[-71.303746,41.654788],[-71.306095,41.672575],[-71.302627,41.681747],[-71.298935,41.681524],[-71.293119,41.688347],[-71.291217,41.702666],[-71.305759,41.718662],[-71.31482,41.723808],[-71.342786,41.728506],[-71.350057,41.727835],[-71.353748,41.724702],[-71.365717,41.711615],[-71.365717,41.694947],[-71.372988,41.672575],[-71.37791,41.666646],[-71.382049,41.667317],[-71.38988,41.671903],[-71.390775,41.680629],[-71.389432,41.683425],[-71.390551,41.684096],[-71.418069,41.684208],[-71.441336,41.686446],[-71.443082,41.688303],[-71.441896,41.690025],[-71.445923,41.691144],[-71.449318,41.687401],[-71.444468,41.664409],[-71.430038,41.667541],[-71.425452,41.670785],[-71.409302,41.662643],[-71.40377,41.589321],[-71.447712,41.5804],[-71.442567,41.565075],[-71.421649,41.537892],[-71.417398,41.534536],[-71.414825,41.523126],[-71.414937,41.516303],[-71.421425,41.498629],[-71.419971,41.484758],[-71.417957,41.482073],[-71.417621,41.477934],[-71.418404,41.472652],[-71.421157,41.469888],[-71.422991,41.472682],[-71.430744,41.470636],[-71.430926,41.465655],[-71.427935,41.459529],[-71.428652,41.454158],[-71.433612,41.444995],[-71.43767,41.441302],[-71.441199,41.441602],[-71.448948,41.438479],[-71.455845,41.432986],[-71.455371,41.407962],[-71.474918,41.386104],[-71.483295,41.371722],[-71.513401,41.374702],[-71.526724,41.376636],[-71.555381,41.373316],[-71.624505,41.36087],[-71.68807,41.342823],[-71.701631,41.336968],[-71.72074,41.331567],[-71.773702,41.327977],[-71.785957,41.325739],[-71.833755,41.315631],[-71.857432,41.306318],[-71.862772,41.309791],[-71.862109,41.316612],[-71.860513,41.320248],[-71.839013,41.334042],[-71.829595,41.344544],[-71.835951,41.353935],[-71.837738,41.363529],[-71.831613,41.370899],[-71.833443,41.384524],[-71.842131,41.395359],[-71.843472,41.40583],[-71.842563,41.409855],[-71.839649,41.412119],[-71.81839,41.419599],[-71.797683,41.416709],[-71.786994,41.655992],[-71.791062,41.770273],[-71.797922,41.935395],[-71.799242,42.008065],[-71.80065,42.023569],[-71.89078,42.024368],[-71.987326,42.02688],[-72.063496,42.027347],[-72.135687,42.030245],[-72.317148,42.031907],[-72.45668,42.033999],[-72.528131,42.034295],[-72.573231,42.030141],[-72.582332,42.024695],[-72.590233,42.024695],[-72.606933,42.024995],[-72.607933,42.030795],[-72.643134,42.032395],[-72.695927,42.036788],[-72.755838,42.036195],[-72.757538,42.033295],[-72.753538,42.032095],[-72.751738,42.030195],[-72.754038,42.025395],[-72.757467,42.020947],[-72.760558,42.021846],[-72.762151,42.021527],[-72.76231,42.019775],[-72.759738,42.016995],[-72.763238,42.012795],[-72.763265,42.009742],[-72.766139,42.007695],[-72.766739,42.002995],[-72.816741,41.997595],[-72.813541,42.036494],[-72.847142,42.036894],[-72.863619,42.037709],[-72.999549,42.038653],[-73.053254,42.039861],[-73.432812,42.050587],[-73.496879,42.049675],[-73.508142,42.086257],[-73.352527,42.510002],[-73.264957,42.74594],[-73.022903,42.741133]]],[[[-71.383586,41.464782],[-71.389284,41.460605],[-71.390275,41.455043],[-71.399568,41.448596],[-71.40056,41.46094],[-71.395927,41.492215],[-71.386511,41.493071],[-71.378914,41.504948],[-71.391005,41.514578],[-71.392137,41.524468],[-71.384478,41.556736],[-71.379021,41.567772],[-71.373618,41.573214],[-71.370194,41.573963],[-71.36356,41.57086],[-71.359868,41.556308],[-71.363292,41.501952],[-71.360403,41.483121],[-71.380947,41.474561],[-71.383586,41.464782]]],[[[-71.326769,41.491286],[-71.325365,41.487601],[-71.327822,41.482985],[-71.343013,41.495615],[-71.341122,41.498598],[-71.326769,41.491286]]],[[[-71.3312,41.580318],[-71.335949,41.585898],[-71.337048,41.594688],[-71.333751,41.605859],[-71.329559,41.609097],[-71.326609,41.616114],[-71.325877,41.623988],[-71.333305,41.629536],[-71.34657,41.632229],[-71.362869,41.651457],[-71.366165,41.66098],[-71.348402,41.663727],[-71.338696,41.658782],[-71.336182,41.647961],[-71.337048,41.646146],[-71.342514,41.644791],[-71.343666,41.6399],[-71.330711,41.632992],[-71.314889,41.630398],[-71.30555,41.622523],[-71.303352,41.606591],[-71.307381,41.597984],[-71.317474,41.583187],[-71.326103,41.578583],[-71.3312,41.580318]]],[[[-71.281571,41.648207],[-71.278171,41.647309],[-71.274315,41.638125],[-71.283791,41.637797],[-71.286755,41.642725],[-71.283005,41.644434],[-71.281571,41.648207]]],[[[-71.58955,41.196557],[-71.580228,41.204837],[-71.577301,41.21471],[-71.576661,41.224434],[-71.573785,41.228436],[-71.561093,41.224207],[-71.555006,41.216822],[-71.554067,41.212957],[-71.557459,41.204542],[-71.564119,41.195372],[-71.565752,41.184373],[-71.560969,41.176186],[-71.550226,41.166787],[-71.544446,41.164912],[-71.543872,41.161321],[-71.547051,41.153684],[-71.551953,41.151718],[-71.5937,41.146339],[-71.599993,41.146932],[-71.611706,41.153239],[-71.613133,41.160281],[-71.605565,41.182139],[-71.594994,41.188392],[-71.58955,41.196557]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Massachusetts\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a75e4b07f02db644bc3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rader, J. C.","contributorId":95107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rader","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29612,"text":"wri934140 - 1995 - Potential for chemical transport beneath a storm-runoff recharge (retention) basin for an industrial catchment in Fresno, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:56","indexId":"wri934140","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4140","title":"Potential for chemical transport beneath a storm-runoff recharge (retention) basin for an industrial catchment in Fresno, California","docAbstract":"A wide variety of chemicals from urban runoff were found at elevated concentrations in sediment that accumulated in a storm-runoff recharge basin in an industrial part of the city of Fresno. The chemicals include as many as 20 inorganic elements and about the same number of organic compounds, primarily organochlorine pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Most of these contaminants were found to be sorbed to the upper 4 centimeters of sediment, which also is the maximum depth to which atmospheric lead-210 penetrated. None of the contaminants were detected above background concentrations in the sediment at depths greater than 16 centimeters. In shallow sediment, zinc is the inorganic element that showed the greatest enrichment; its concentration was 38 times higher in surface sediment (0-1 centimeter) than in deeper strata (below 16 centi- meters). Organic carbon enrichment in the surface sediment was nearly 1,000 times. Although batch- elutriation experiments demonstrated the potential for leaching of contaminants attached to sediments, a sharp decrease in concentrations with increasing sediment depth, and the extremely low level of contaminants in two monitor wells adjacent to the basin, confirmed the absence of contaminant transport to the water table. Continued long-term protection for ground water is afforded by an approximately 8-meter-thick unsaturated zone beneath the basin. On the basis of its hundredfold-higher concentration in the recharge pond then in ground water, zinc is indicated as the most sensitive surrogate for monitoring possible ground-water degradation by inorganic cations.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nFor sale by the U.S. Geological Survey, Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section,","doi":"10.3133/wri934140","usgsCitation":"Schroeder, R.A., 1995, Potential for chemical transport beneath a storm-runoff recharge (retention) basin for an industrial catchment in Fresno, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4140, vi, 38 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934140.","productDescription":"vi, 38 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123543,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4140/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58435,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4140/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a2be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schroeder, R. A.","contributorId":15554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroeder","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":38194,"text":"pp1561 - 1995 - Paleogeography and the Late Cretaceous of the Western Interior of middle North America; coal distribution and sediment accumulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:00","indexId":"pp1561","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1561","title":"Paleogeography and the Late Cretaceous of the Western Interior of middle North America; coal distribution and sediment accumulation","docAbstract":"A synthesis of Late Cretaceous paleogeography of the Western Interior from Mexico to southwestern Canada emphasizes the areal distribution of peat-forming environments during six biostratigraphically constrained time intervals. Isopach maps of strata for each interval reveal the locations and magnitude of major depocenters. The paleogeographic framework provides insight into the relative importance of tectonism, eustasy, and climate on the accumulation of thick peats and their preservation as coals. A total of 123 basin summaries and their data provide the ground truth for construction of the isopach and paleogeographic maps.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1561","usgsCitation":"Roberts, L.N., and Kirschbaum, M.A., 1995, Paleogeography and the Late Cretaceous of the Western Interior of middle North America; coal distribution and sediment accumulation: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1561, 115 p.; 1 plate in pocket, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1561.","productDescription":"115 p.; 1 plate in pocket","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":113175,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1561/plate-1.pdf","size":"976","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122556,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1561/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":64483,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1561/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689cc8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roberts, Laura N. Robinson","contributorId":45364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"N. Robinson","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirschbaum, Mark A.","contributorId":25112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirschbaum","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":17016,"text":"ofr95209 - 1995 - Core descriptions and preliminary geochemical data for the Amoco Production Company Rebecca K. Bounds #1 Well, Greeley County, Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:57","indexId":"ofr95209","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-209","title":"Core descriptions and preliminary geochemical data for the Amoco Production Company Rebecca K. Bounds #1 Well, Greeley County, Kansas","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr95209","usgsCitation":"Dean, W.E., Arthur, M., Sageman, B., and Lewan, M.D., 1995, Core descriptions and preliminary geochemical data for the Amoco Production Company Rebecca K. Bounds #1 Well, Greeley County, Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-209, 243 p. :chiefly ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95209.","productDescription":"243 p. :chiefly ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":146645,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0209/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":46149,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0209/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db684ac0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dean, Walter E. dean@usgs.gov","contributorId":1801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"Walter","email":"dean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":174572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arthur, M.A.","contributorId":24791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arthur","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sageman, B.B.","contributorId":71560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sageman","given":"B.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lewan, M. D.","contributorId":46540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewan","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70174533,"text":"70174533 - 1995 - Sierra Nevada runoff into San Francisco Bay - Why has it come earlier recently?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-18T12:19:58","indexId":"70174533","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5400,"text":"Newsletter of the Interagency Ecological Program for the Sacramento-San Joaquin Estuary","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sierra Nevada runoff into San Francisco Bay - Why has it come earlier recently?","docAbstract":"<p>By the time most of the Sierra Nevada snowpack has melted each summer, freshwater outflows from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta to San Francisco Bay are typically small, even after the wettest winters. These small delta outflows during the warm months (in comparison with the large flows of winter and spring) are overwhelmed by salty coastal waters, and the bay becomes more and more salty as summer progresses. Because longer lowflow seasons allow the bay to'become saltier, timing of the Sierra Nevada snowmelt and runoff, which are the source of the delta flows, has a profound influence on the salinity 0 the bay and, thus/ can affect its ecosystems (Peterson et al 1995).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Interagency Ecological Program","usgsCitation":"Dettinger, M.D., Cayan, D., and Peterson, D.H., 1995, Sierra Nevada runoff into San Francisco Bay - Why has it come earlier recently?: Newsletter of the Interagency Ecological Program for the Sacramento-San Joaquin Estuary, v. 8, no. 3, p. 1-3.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"3","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325144,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":325143,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.water.ca.gov/iep/newsletters/1995/IEPNewsletterSummer1995.pdf"}],"volume":"8","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"579b2cb4e4b0589fa1c980d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dettinger, M. D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":93069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cayan, D.R.","contributorId":25961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peterson, D. H.","contributorId":92229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"D.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":20635,"text":"ofr95109 - 1995 - Hydrologic data for the Columbia/Eagle Bluffs Wetland Complex, Columbia, Missouri; 1992-93","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-12T22:54:29.892047","indexId":"ofr95109","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-109","title":"Hydrologic data for the Columbia/Eagle Bluffs Wetland Complex, Columbia, Missouri; 1992-93","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95109","usgsCitation":"Richards, J.M., 1995, Hydrologic data for the Columbia/Eagle Bluffs Wetland Complex, Columbia, Missouri; 1992-93: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-109, iv, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95109.","productDescription":"iv, 50 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":410339,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18398.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":50162,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0109/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":152127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0109/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","city":"Columbia","otherGeospatial":"Columbia/Eagle Bluffs Wetland Complex","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.486,\n              38.92\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.486,\n              38.8\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.38,\n              38.8\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.38,\n              38.92\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.486,\n              38.92\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60eb65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richards, Joseph M. 0000-0002-9822-2706 richards@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9822-2706","contributorId":2370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards","given":"Joseph","email":"richards@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":182978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28310,"text":"wri944151 - 1995 - Database of well and areal data, South San Francisco Bay and Peninsula area, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:44","indexId":"wri944151","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4151","title":"Database of well and areal data, South San Francisco Bay and Peninsula area, California","docAbstract":"A database was developed to organize and manage data compiled for a regional assessment of geohydrologic and water-quality conditions in the south San Francisco Bay and Peninsula area in California. Available data provided by local, State, and Federal agencies and private consultants was utilized in the assessment. The database consists of geographicinformation system data layers and related tables and American Standard Code for Information Interchange files. Documentation of the database is necessary to avoid misinterpretation of the data and to make users aware of potential errors and limitations.  Most of the data compiled were collected from wells and boreholes (collectively referred to as wells in this report). This point-specific data, including construction, water-level, waterquality, pumping test, and lithologic data, are contained in tables and files that are related to a geographic information system data layer that contains the locations of the wells. There are 1,014 wells in the data layer and the related tables contain 35,845 water-level measurements (from 293 of the wells) and 9,292 water-quality samples (from 394 of the wells). Calculation of hydraulic heads and gradients from the water levels can be affected adversely by errors in the determination of the altitude of land surface at the well. Cation and anion balance computations performed on 396 of the water-quality samples indicate high cation and anion balance errors for 51 (13 percent) of the samples. Well drillers' reports were interpreted for 762 of the wells, and digital representations of the lithology of the formations are contained in files following the American Standard Code for Information Interchange. The usefulness of drillers' descriptions of the formation lithology is affected by the detail and thoroughness of the drillers' descriptions, as well as the knowledge, experience, and vocabulary of the individual who described the drill cuttings.  Additional data layers were created that contain political, geohydrologic, and other geographic data. These layers contain features represented by areas and lines rather than discrete points. The layers consist of data representing the thickness of alluvium, surficial geology, physiographic subareas, watershed boundaries, land use, water-supply districts, wastewater treatment districts, and recharge basins. The layers manually digitizing paper maps, acquisition of data already in digital form, or creation of new layers from available layers. The scale of the source data affects the accurate representation of real-world features with the data layer, and, therefore, the scale of the source data must be considered when the data are analyzed and plotted.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944151","usgsCitation":"Leighton, D., Fio, J., and Metzger, L., 1995, Database of well and areal data, South San Francisco Bay and Peninsula area, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4151, vi, 47 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944151.","productDescription":"vi, 47 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123758,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4151/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57122,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4151/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db6729c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leighton, D.A.","contributorId":51792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leighton","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fio, J.L.","contributorId":56662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fio","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Metzger, L.F.","contributorId":47829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metzger","given":"L.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":21098,"text":"ofr93477 - 1995 - Lithology, fault displacement, and origin of secondary calcium carbonate and opaline silica at trenches 14 and 14D on the Bow Ridge Fault atExile Hill, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:53","indexId":"ofr93477","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-477","title":"Lithology, fault displacement, and origin of secondary calcium carbonate and opaline silica at trenches 14 and 14D on the Bow Ridge Fault atExile Hill, Nye County, Nevada","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr93477","usgsCitation":"Taylor, E.M., and Huckins, H.E., 1995, Lithology, fault displacement, and origin of secondary calcium carbonate and opaline silica at trenches 14 and 14D on the Bow Ridge Fault atExile Hill, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-477, v, 38 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93477.","productDescription":"v, 38 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154551,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0477/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50687,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0477/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":50688,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0477/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635e1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, Emily M. 0000-0003-1152-5761 emtaylor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1152-5761","contributorId":1240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Emily","email":"emtaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":183836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huckins, H. E.","contributorId":105330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huckins","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":20081,"text":"ofr94456 - 1995 - Meteorological, stream-discharge, and water-quality data for water year 1992 from two basins in central Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:44","indexId":"ofr94456","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-456","title":"Meteorological, stream-discharge, and water-quality data for water year 1992 from two basins in central Nevada","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr94456","usgsCitation":"McKinley, P.W., and Oliver, T., 1995, Meteorological, stream-discharge, and water-quality data for water year 1992 from two basins in central Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-456, iv, 66 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94456.","productDescription":"iv, 66 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153146,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0456/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49634,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0456/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db6297f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKinley, P. W.","contributorId":16414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKinley","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oliver, T.A.","contributorId":95500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oliver","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":31749,"text":"ofr9539 - 1995 - Geology, geochemistry, and resource potential of carbonate rocks in the San Bernardino National Forest, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:04","indexId":"ofr9539","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-39","title":"Geology, geochemistry, and resource potential of carbonate rocks in the San Bernardino National Forest, California","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr9539","usgsCitation":"Calzia, J., Matti, J.C., and Gantenbein, M., 1995, Geology, geochemistry, and resource potential of carbonate rocks in the San Bernardino National Forest, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-39, 38 p., 2 over-size sheets, scale 1:100,000 (1 inch = about 1.6 miles). , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9539.","productDescription":"38 p., 2 over-size sheets, scale 1:100,000 (1 inch = about 1.6 miles). ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":109041,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_19349.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"19349"},{"id":160397,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0039/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59966,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0039/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"100000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c660","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Calzia, J.P.","contributorId":58614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calzia","given":"J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Matti, J. C.","contributorId":51712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matti","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gantenbein, M.E.","contributorId":91151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gantenbein","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":26289,"text":"wri944165 - 1995 - Application of surface geophysical techniques in a study of the geomorphology of the lower Copper River, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:17","indexId":"wri944165","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4165","title":"Application of surface geophysical techniques in a study of the geomorphology of the lower Copper River, Alaska","docAbstract":"As part of a geomorphology study of the lower Copper River, three surface geophysical techniques were tested for their ability to detect infilled scour holes at bridge piers, old river channels, and subbottom deposits in a glacier-formed lake. The methods were (1) ground-penetrating radar, (2) continuous seismic reflection using a color fathometer, and (3) continuous seismic reflection using a tuned transducer. In water depths less than 20 feet, ground-penetrating radar detected infilled scour holes at bridge piers and old river channels on land. Continuous seismic reflection using a tuned transducer was effective in water and detected infilled scour holes at bridge piers and subbottom deposits in a glacier lake. The color fathometer was useful in determining depths of water but was not able to penetrate the subbottom.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944165","usgsCitation":"Brabets, T.P., 1995, Application of surface geophysical techniques in a study of the geomorphology of the lower Copper River, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4165, iv, 47 p. :ill. (some col.), maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944165.","productDescription":"iv, 47 p. :ill. (some col.), maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122774,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4165/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55097,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4165/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a7d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brabets, T. P.","contributorId":103289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabets","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70185372,"text":"70185372 - 1995 - Methane production and consumption monitored by stable H and C isotope ratios at a crude oil spill site, Bemidji, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-21T12:26:52","indexId":"70185372","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methane production and consumption monitored by stable H and C isotope ratios at a crude oil spill site, Bemidji, Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>Stable isotopic ratios of C and H in dissolved CH<sub>4</sub> and C in dissolved inorganic C in the ground water of a crude-oil spill near Bemidji, Minnesota, support the concept of CH<sub>4</sub>production by acetate fermentation with a contemporaneous increase in HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>concentration. Methane concentrations in the saturated zone decrease from 20.6 mg L<sup>−1</sup> to less than 0.001 mg L<sup>−1</sup> along the investigated flow path. Dissolved N<sub>2</sub> and Ar concentrations in the ground water below the oil plume are 25 times lower than background; this suggests that gas exsolution is removing dissolved CH<sub>4</sub> (along with other dissolved gases) from the ground water. Oxidation of dissolved CH<sub>4</sub> along the flow path seems to be minimal because no measurable change in isotopic composition of CH<sub>4</sub> occurs with distance from the oil body. However, CH<sub>4</sub> is partly oxidized to CO<sub>2</sub> as it diffuses upward from the ground water through a 5- to 7-m thick unsaturated zone; the<i>δ<sup>13</sup>C</i> of the remaining CH<sub>4</sub> increases, the<i>δ<sup>13</sup>C</i> of the CO<sub>2</sub> decreases, and the partial pressure of CO<sub>2</sub> increases.</p><p>Calculations of C fluxes in the saturated and unsaturated zones originating from the degradation of the oil plume lead to a minimum estimated life expectancy of 110 years. This is a minimum estimate because the degradation of the oil body should slow down with time as its more volatile and reactive components are leached out and preferentially oxidized. The calculated life expectancy is an order of magnitude estimate because of the uncertainty in the average linear ground-water velocities and because of the factor of 2 uncertainty in the calculation of the effective CO<sub>2</sub> diffusion coefficient.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0883-2927(95)00021-6","usgsCitation":"Revesz, K., Coplen, T.B., Baedecker, M.J., and Glynn, P.D., 1995, Methane production and consumption monitored by stable H and C isotope ratios at a crude oil spill site, Bemidji, Minnesota: Applied Geochemistry, v. 10, no. 5, p. 505-516, https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(95)00021-6.","productDescription":"12 p. ","startPage":"505","endPage":"516","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337933,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Bemidji ","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -95.07499694824219,\n              47.34952381511167\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.62455749511719,\n              47.34952381511167\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.62455749511719,\n              47.5996813120644\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.07499694824219,\n              47.5996813120644\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.07499694824219,\n              47.34952381511167\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d23b93e4b0236b68f82914","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Revesz, Kinga","contributorId":64285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Revesz","given":"Kinga","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coplen, Tyler B. 0000-0003-4884-6008 tbcoplen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4884-6008","contributorId":508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"Tyler","email":"tbcoplen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baedecker, Mary J.","contributorId":189605,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baedecker","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Glynn, Pierre D. 0000-0001-8804-7003 pglynn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8804-7003","contributorId":2141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glynn","given":"Pierre","email":"pglynn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":31748,"text":"ofr94483 - 1995 - Ground-water use by public-supply systems in Tennessee, 1990","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-30T22:42:27.834564","indexId":"ofr94483","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-483","title":"Ground-water use by public-supply systems in Tennessee, 1990","docAbstract":"Ground-water use by public water-supply systems during 1990 was inventoried in Tennessee. Ground- water withdrawals were estimated to average 269 million gallons per day (Mgal/d), or 38 percent of the total public-supply water use. This volume represents an increase of 34 percent in the use of ground water for public supply since 1980 when public-supply withdrawals were 200 Mgal/d. About 212 Mgal/d (79 percent) were withdrawn from the Tertiary sand and Cretaceous sand aquifers in western Tennessee. The largest ground-water with- drawals for public-supply occurred in Shelby County (154 Mgal/d or 57 percent of the total withdrawals for public supply). Thirty-four of the 267 principal public water-supply systems withdrew 1 Mgal/d or more and accounted for 83 percent of ground water withdrawn for public supply.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr94483","usgsCitation":"Hutson, S.S., 1995, Ground-water use by public-supply systems in Tennessee, 1990: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-483, 1 Plate: 36.36 × 24.53 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94483.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 36.36 × 24.53 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160396,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":392276,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12541.htm"},{"id":21637,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0483/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-83.472108,36.597284],[-83.2763,36.598187],[-83.261099,36.593887],[-83.248933,36.593827],[-82.679879,36.593698],[-82.487238,36.595822],[-82.466613,36.594481],[-82.211005,36.59586],[-81.934144,36.594213],[-81.922644,36.616213],[-81.6469,36.611918],[-81.680137,36.585518],[-81.677036,36.570718],[-81.679936,36.568618],[-81.690236,36.568718],[-81.692506,36.565748],[-81.689115,36.555912],[-81.69003,36.552154],[-81.697539,36.544359],[-81.699962,36.536829],[-81.707963,36.536209],[-81.707573,36.526101],[-81.702543,36.520317],[-81.697744,36.508448],[-81.699928,36.498018],[-81.697261,36.496141],[-81.695907,36.49158],[-81.697287,36.484738],[-81.695311,36.467912],[-81.699223,36.463959],[-81.708247,36.462217],[-81.71489,36.45722],[-81.715229,36.436532],[-81.720734,36.422537],[-81.738292,36.410756],[-81.739648,36.406686],[-81.737952,36.39719],[-81.731509,36.392103],[-81.729813,36.388033],[-81.732865,36.376502],[-81.726082,36.368893],[-81.721334,36.353101],[-81.707785,36.346007],[-81.705299,36.341852],[-81.707438,36.335171],[-81.713194,36.334108],[-81.721015,36.338645],[-81.730976,36.341187],[-81.747842,36.337356],[-81.766102,36.338517],[-81.777972,36.346318],[-81.787468,36.348692],[-81.795269,36.357849],[-81.800812,36.358073],[-81.812904,36.351066],[-81.833202,36.347339],[-81.841268,36.343321],[-81.857333,36.334787],[-81.879382,36.313767],[-81.887243,36.309193],[-81.897701,36.307446],[-81.908137,36.302013],[-82.02664,36.130222],[-82.02874,36.124322],[-82.033141,36.120422],[-82.037941,36.121122],[-82.043941,36.125421],[-82.054142,36.126821],[-82.061342,36.113121],[-82.079743,36.10652],[-82.098544,36.105719],[-82.105444,36.108119],[-82.115245,36.104618],[-82.127146,36.104417],[-82.130646,36.106417],[-82.137974,36.119576],[-82.136547,36.128817],[-82.147948,36.149516],[-82.182549,36.143714],[-82.204872,36.157067],[-82.213852,36.159112],[-82.222052,36.156911],[-82.224852,36.150011],[-82.247521,36.130865],[-82.253253,36.13371],[-82.260353,36.13371],[-82.26569,36.127614],[-82.26875,36.12704],[-82.274054,36.12941],[-82.280354,36.12881],[-82.288455,36.13541],[-82.302855,36.13131],[-82.318156,36.12091],[-82.336756,36.114909],[-82.346857,36.115209],[-82.349957,36.117109],[-82.355157,36.115609],[-82.366566,36.10765],[-82.375558,36.105609],[-82.380458,36.099309],[-82.389958,36.096909],[-82.409458,36.083409],[-82.460658,36.007809],[-82.47419,36.000108],[-82.482292,35.997823],[-82.484678,35.992849],[-82.505384,35.97768],[-82.531292,35.972188],[-82.549682,35.964275],[-82.557874,35.953901],[-82.57517,35.958384],[-82.577719,35.964196],[-82.581003,35.965557],[-82.591977,35.966385],[-82.60037,35.964626],[-82.610889,35.967409],[-82.610885,35.974442],[-82.604239,35.987319],[-82.606944,35.99217],[-82.612604,35.993488],[-82.614362,36.003506],[-82.604327,36.018187],[-82.595525,36.026012],[-82.594873,36.029598],[-82.602877,36.039833],[-82.609663,36.044906],[-82.618164,36.047005],[-82.617264,36.054205],[-82.618664,36.056105],[-82.632265,36.065705],[-82.637165,36.065805],[-82.650165,36.057805],[-82.662665,36.055005],[-82.683565,36.046104],[-82.688865,36.038604],[-82.701065,36.034404],[-82.707465,36.030104],[-82.715165,36.028604],[-82.715965,36.022804],[-82.725065,36.018204],[-82.731865,36.017604],[-82.750065,36.006004],[-82.776001,36.000103],[-82.779397,35.992511],[-82.785267,35.987927],[-82.785558,35.977795],[-82.774905,35.971978],[-82.777751,35.966912],[-82.784536,35.963905],[-82.787465,35.952163],[-82.800431,35.944155],[-82.805851,35.937938],[-82.802769,35.930129],[-82.804997,35.927168],[-82.811067,35.926801],[-82.821861,35.921839],[-82.828933,35.932932],[-82.852554,35.949089],[-82.860724,35.94743],[-82.874159,35.952698],[-82.892659,35.945182],[-82.898505,35.945101],[-82.901713,35.937713],[-82.902374,35.929852],[-82.910608,35.92693],[-82.911936,35.921618],[-82.911671,35.914711],[-82.906917,35.907397],[-82.901843,35.89293],[-82.903968,35.885492],[-82.899718,35.879914],[-82.899718,35.874602],[-82.918312,35.863977],[-82.920974,35.851073],[-82.919108,35.844851],[-82.920171,35.841664],[-82.931859,35.836351],[-82.937437,35.82732],[-82.945515,35.824662],[-82.961724,35.800491],[-82.964088,35.78998],[-82.969648,35.789663],[-82.98397,35.77801],[-82.992053,35.773948],[-83.001473,35.773752],[-83.006067,35.778404],[-83.036209,35.787405],[-83.044108,35.785347],[-83.052677,35.789548],[-83.063975,35.786643],[-83.07403,35.790016],[-83.085205,35.785794],[-83.097193,35.776067],[-83.120183,35.766234],[-83.127707,35.768093],[-83.14808,35.764295],[-83.159208,35.764892],[-83.164909,35.759965],[-83.16477,35.754618],[-83.170173,35.746107],[-83.177499,35.743913],[-83.185685,35.72989],[-83.198267,35.725494],[-83.203752,35.726553],[-83.214501,35.724434],[-83.219981,35.726601],[-83.240669,35.72676],[-83.243501,35.722533],[-83.251247,35.719916],[-83.255351,35.71623],[-83.25561,35.696061],[-83.258117,35.691924],[-83.269277,35.685403],[-83.271378,35.681476],[-83.289165,35.674509],[-83.291075,35.667131],[-83.297154,35.65775],[-83.312757,35.654809],[-83.321101,35.662815],[-83.334965,35.665471],[-83.337683,35.663074],[-83.35156,35.659858],[-83.355537,35.654632],[-83.356202,35.650019],[-83.366941,35.638728],[-83.372174,35.63931],[-83.377984,35.634496],[-83.388722,35.633584],[-83.392652,35.625095],[-83.396626,35.62272],[-83.406061,35.620185],[-83.42037,35.613467],[-83.420964,35.611596],[-83.432298,35.609941],[-83.445802,35.611803],[-83.455722,35.598045],[-83.462678,35.5926],[-83.471362,35.590304],[-83.472684,35.586552],[-83.479082,35.583316],[-83.478523,35.579202],[-83.485527,35.568204],[-83.498335,35.562981],[-83.517564,35.562871],[-83.520469,35.565602],[-83.552167,35.564346],[-83.56609,35.565993],[-83.58559,35.562941],[-83.59427,35.572912],[-83.601854,35.578228],[-83.608889,35.579451],[-83.615312,35.574026],[-83.629734,35.567889],[-83.632358,35.569093],[-83.640498,35.566075],[-83.676268,35.570289],[-83.700663,35.567621],[-83.707199,35.568533],[-83.723459,35.561874],[-83.732947,35.563149],[-83.735669,35.565455],[-83.749894,35.561146],[-83.756917,35.563604],[-83.764606,35.561538],[-83.771736,35.562118],[-83.773092,35.557465],[-83.780129,35.550387],[-83.802434,35.541588],[-83.809798,35.53431],[-83.82559,35.523829],[-83.831895,35.524766],[-83.848502,35.519259],[-83.859261,35.521851],[-83.87263,35.521145],[-83.880074,35.518745],[-83.892074,35.503089],[-83.901381,35.496553],[-83.901527,35.491026],[-83.905612,35.48906],[-83.911773,35.476028],[-83.916801,35.473612],[-83.937015,35.471511],[-83.949389,35.461164],[-83.952814,35.460645],[-83.955416,35.463456],[-83.961053,35.464143],[-83.9614,35.459496],[-83.965229,35.455399],[-83.971439,35.455145],[-83.973057,35.448921],[-83.978286,35.44782],[-83.983233,35.44235],[-83.992568,35.438065],[-84.00225,35.422548],[-84.014707,35.411983],[-84.020633,35.409843],[-84.021507,35.404183],[-84.018807,35.399783],[-84.014107,35.397783],[-84.008207,35.390383],[-84.011207,35.384383],[-84.008307,35.378883],[-84.007586,35.371661],[-84.023456,35.354217],[-84.035343,35.350833],[-84.038081,35.348363],[-84.029377,35.333197],[-84.032209,35.328583],[-84.03571,35.312883],[-84.02651,35.309283],[-84.02141,35.301383],[-84.02351,35.295783],[-84.036011,35.288683],[-84.042711,35.278383],[-84.052612,35.269982],[-84.081117,35.261146],[-84.082913,35.257082],[-84.097508,35.247382],[-84.108449,35.25033],[-84.113314,35.248981],[-84.12115,35.250644],[-84.124915,35.24983],[-84.127315,35.244414],[-84.13057,35.243364],[-84.143124,35.246879],[-84.158916,35.24588],[-84.160416,35.24388],[-84.170416,35.245779],[-84.178516,35.240679],[-84.188417,35.239979],[-84.192217,35.243079],[-84.200117,35.244679],[-84.202879,35.255772],[-84.211818,35.266078],[-84.223718,35.269078],[-84.231818,35.264778],[-84.243019,35.253178],[-84.252819,35.249477],[-84.260319,35.241877],[-84.27542,35.234777],[-84.28322,35.226577],[-84.289621,35.224677],[-84.321869,34.988408],[-84.939306,34.987916],[-85.466713,34.982972],[-85.824411,34.988142],[-86.397203,34.99166],[-86.862147,34.991956],[-87.391314,35.002374],[-88.202959,35.008028],[-88.200064,34.995634],[-88.886979,34.995868],[-89.434954,34.993754],[-90.309297,34.995694],[-90.309877,35.00975],[-90.306897,35.018194],[-90.297296,35.037893],[-90.291996,35.041793],[-90.265296,35.040293],[-90.262396,35.036393],[-90.256495,35.034493],[-90.230611,35.03132],[-90.214382,35.025795],[-90.209397,35.026546],[-90.200124,35.032813],[-90.196095,35.0374],[-90.197146,35.050731],[-90.195133,35.061793],[-90.181387,35.091401],[-90.176843,35.112088],[-90.173603,35.118073],[-90.160058,35.12883],[-90.142794,35.135091],[-90.109393,35.118891],[-90.100593,35.116691],[-90.08342,35.12167],[-90.065392,35.137691],[-90.066482,35.151074],[-90.069402,35.153646],[-90.092944,35.157228],[-90.105525,35.170695],[-90.109177,35.178451],[-90.114214,35.181691],[-90.117393,35.18789],[-90.116182,35.198498],[-90.109076,35.199105],[-90.097408,35.194794],[-90.088597,35.212376],[-90.081173,35.208153],[-90.07682,35.208817],[-90.074547,35.211214],[-90.074155,35.21707],[-90.07875,35.227806],[-90.097947,35.249983],[-90.105093,35.254288],[-90.116493,35.255788],[-90.140394,35.252289],[-90.152094,35.255989],[-90.158865,35.262577],[-90.168794,35.279088],[-90.165194,35.293188],[-90.158913,35.300637],[-90.149794,35.303288],[-90.139504,35.298828],[-90.123707,35.30453],[-90.117219,35.303384],[-90.109093,35.304987],[-90.106824,35.324618],[-90.103862,35.332405],[-90.110293,35.342786],[-90.107312,35.343143],[-90.096825,35.357216],[-90.087903,35.36327],[-90.074992,35.384152],[-90.07993,35.385272],[-90.09665,35.395257],[-90.112504,35.410153],[-90.130475,35.413745],[-90.135125,35.412977],[-90.14166,35.408563],[-90.146191,35.399468],[-90.143475,35.387602],[-90.13551,35.376668],[-90.144924,35.374633],[-90.166246,35.374745],[-90.178341,35.382092],[-90.179265,35.385194],[-90.1707,35.410065],[-90.169002,35.421853],[-90.129448,35.441931],[-90.11839,35.468791],[-90.107723,35.476935],[-90.098719,35.478595],[-90.085009,35.478835],[-90.080128,35.476844],[-90.067798,35.466224],[-90.067206,35.460957],[-90.074063,35.439611],[-90.074082,35.433983],[-90.070549,35.423291],[-90.062018,35.41518],[-90.069283,35.408306],[-90.054585,35.389604],[-90.044856,35.392964],[-90.041563,35.39662],[-90.056644,35.403786],[-90.046598,35.412966],[-90.04264,35.421237],[-90.031584,35.427662],[-90.026584,35.440103],[-90.026604,35.447788],[-90.018842,35.464816],[-90.020386,35.470257],[-90.034976,35.480705],[-90.043517,35.492298],[-90.048519,35.504357],[-90.050277,35.515275],[-90.039744,35.548041],[-90.032938,35.55344],[-90.023903,35.556336],[-90.017312,35.555996],[-90.008293,35.560065],[-89.989363,35.560043],[-89.97631,35.553872],[-89.958498,35.541703],[-89.955641,35.534518],[-89.957715,35.527192],[-89.94801,35.52009],[-89.933614,35.518538],[-89.919331,35.51387],[-89.909022,35.520548],[-89.903882,35.534175],[-89.910787,35.538718],[-89.910789,35.547515],[-89.914177,35.549713],[-89.929101,35.551545],[-89.941393,35.556555],[-89.95669,35.581426],[-89.956749,35.590511],[-89.945405,35.601611],[-89.912172,35.617055],[-89.894346,35.615535],[-89.876548,35.626653],[-89.856619,35.634444],[-89.851825,35.644262],[-89.851176,35.657432],[-89.858935,35.66906],[-89.864782,35.670385],[-89.877158,35.666136],[-89.886979,35.653637],[-89.898916,35.650904],[-89.915427,35.652782],[-89.931036,35.660044],[-89.937383,35.665711],[-89.9427,35.675121],[-89.955753,35.690621],[-89.958882,35.723834],[-89.956254,35.733386],[-89.950278,35.738493],[-89.915491,35.754917],[-89.909996,35.759396],[-89.905538,35.759063],[-89.888163,35.750077],[-89.877256,35.741369],[-89.872845,35.741299],[-89.846343,35.755732],[-89.832895,35.754905],[-89.821216,35.756716],[-89.812891,35.761154],[-89.799249,35.775439],[-89.797053,35.782648],[-89.799331,35.788503],[-89.781793,35.805084],[-89.765457,35.809513],[-89.765442,35.811214],[-89.743025,35.805817],[-89.734044,35.806174],[-89.723426,35.809382],[-89.706085,35.81826],[-89.701045,35.828227],[-89.704351,35.835726],[-89.729517,35.847632],[-89.764343,35.858313],[-89.772467,35.865098],[-89.772855,35.876244],[-89.765689,35.891299],[-89.741241,35.906749],[-89.714934,35.906247],[-89.688141,35.896946],[-89.677012,35.88572],[-89.669553,35.883281],[-89.655452,35.886912],[-89.64727,35.89492],[-89.644838,35.904351],[-89.652279,35.921462],[-89.686924,35.947716],[-89.714565,35.963034],[-89.719679,35.970939],[-89.718801,35.985015],[-89.728442,35.993568],[-89.733095,36.000608],[-89.706932,36.000981],[-89.703571,36.00804],[-89.692437,36.020507],[-89.688577,36.029238],[-89.678821,36.084636],[-89.666598,36.095802],[-89.628305,36.106853],[-89.601936,36.11947],[-89.59307,36.129699],[-89.592206,36.15012],[-89.594397,36.155457],[-89.607004,36.171179],[-89.618228,36.179966],[-89.636893,36.188951],[-89.69263,36.224959],[-89.704459,36.235468],[-89.705328,36.239898],[-89.698568,36.250591],[-89.695235,36.252766],[-89.678046,36.248284],[-89.652518,36.250692],[-89.642182,36.249486],[-89.611145,36.239271],[-89.602374,36.238106],[-89.577544,36.242262],[-89.562206,36.250909],[-89.544743,36.247484],[-89.539229,36.248821],[-89.534745,36.252576],[-89.535529,36.270541],[-89.539487,36.277368],[-89.544797,36.280458],[-89.554289,36.277751],[-89.578492,36.288317],[-89.611819,36.309088],[-89.620255,36.323006],[-89.6198,36.329546],[-89.615841,36.336085],[-89.605668,36.342234],[-89.581636,36.342357],[-89.560439,36.337746],[-89.545006,36.336809],[-89.531822,36.339246],[-89.519,36.3486],[-89.513178,36.359897],[-89.509722,36.373626],[-89.51038,36.378356],[-89.525293,36.400446],[-89.542337,36.420103],[-89.545255,36.427079],[-89.543406,36.43877],[-89.52519,36.453991],[-89.51972,36.467002],[-89.520642,36.478668],[-89.534524,36.491432],[-89.5391,36.498201],[-89.485106,36.497692],[-89.493495,36.4787],[-89.493198,36.470124],[-89.486215,36.46162],[-89.471718,36.457001],[-89.460436,36.45814],[-89.448468,36.46442],[-89.429311,36.481875],[-89.417293,36.499033],[-89.391044,36.499079],[-89.300284,36.507147],[-88.964471,36.502191],[-88.545192,36.501814],[-88.053292,36.497131],[-88.037822,36.51385],[-88.03783,36.521015],[-88.032489,36.540662],[-88.045127,36.602939],[-88.055738,36.630475],[-88.057042,36.64054],[-88.068208,36.659747],[-88.070532,36.678118],[-88.011792,36.677025],[-87.849567,36.663701],[-87.853204,36.633247],[-87.425009,36.641047],[-87.011522,36.643949],[-86.589906,36.652486],[-86.564254,36.633554],[-86.551292,36.637985],[-86.550054,36.644817],[-86.543388,36.64389],[-86.543777,36.640536],[-86.507771,36.652445],[-86.333051,36.648778],[-86.033139,36.630413],[-85.832172,36.622046],[-85.488353,36.614994],[-85.324654,36.62455],[-85.300402,36.624437],[-85.290627,36.62645],[-85.195372,36.625498],[-85.024627,36.619354],[-84.843091,36.605127],[-84.543138,36.596277],[-83.987842,36.5896],[-83.690714,36.582581],[-83.677114,36.596582],[-83.675413,36.600814],[-83.622624,36.598061],[-83.472108,36.597284]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Tennessee\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65a2f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hutson, S. S.","contributorId":47828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":16978,"text":"ofr94546 - 1995 - Climatic and lake temperature data for Wetland P1, Cottonwood Lake Area, Stutsman County, North Dakota, 1982-87","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-17T15:46:59","indexId":"ofr94546","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-546","title":"Climatic and lake temperature data for Wetland P1, Cottonwood Lake Area, Stutsman County, North Dakota, 1982-87","docAbstract":"Research on the hydrology of Wetland P1 and the Cottonwood Lake Area includes the study of evaporation. Presented here in a graphical format are those data collected during the open-water seasons of 1982-87 that were needed for energy- budget and mass-transfer evaporation studies. The data include air temperatures, water surface and lake-bottom temperatures, windspeed, radiation, humidity, and precipitation. Data were collected at a raft station and two land stations.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;USGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr94546","collaboration":"The USGS does not support this software or technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","usgsCitation":"Parkhurst, R.S., Sturrock, A., Rosenberry, D., and Winter, T.C., 1995, Climatic and lake temperature data for Wetland P1, Cottonwood Lake Area, Stutsman County, North Dakota, 1982-87: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-546, vi, 40 p. :chiefly ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94546.","productDescription":"vi, 40 p. :chiefly ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148692,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0546/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":46092,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0546/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":277743,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0546/application.zip"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de1c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parkhurst, Renee S. rparkhur@usgs.gov","contributorId":4719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkhurst","given":"Renee","email":"rparkhur@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":174428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sturrock, A.M.","contributorId":25947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sturrock","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosenberry, D.O. 0000-0003-0681-5641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":38500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"D.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":174431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Winter, T. C.","contributorId":23485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":18748,"text":"ofr95286 - 1995 - Effects of two contrasting agricultural land uses on shallow groundwater quality in the San Joaquin Valley, California; design and preliminary interpretation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-27T17:23:33.088008","indexId":"ofr95286","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-286","title":"Effects of two contrasting agricultural land uses on shallow groundwater quality in the San Joaquin Valley, California; design and preliminary interpretation","docAbstract":"<p>From 1992 through 1994, the San Joaquin-Tulare Basins Study team of the USGS National Water Quality Assessment program investigated the occurrence and distribution of water quality constituents in shallow groundwater underlying two areas of different agricultural land uses: almond orchards and vineyards. The study was restricted to the alluvial fans of the eastern San Joaquin Valley, the area of most groundwater use in the valley. A geographic information system (GIS) was used to delineate the distribution of the two target land uses, to evaluate ancillary data, and to select candidate wells that fit prescribed criteria. Twenty domestic water supply wells were sampled in each of the two areas. In addition, pairs of observation wells were installed and sampled at five of the sites in each area to evaluate whether the water quality in the domestic wells reflects that of the shallow groundwater underlying the target land use. A preliminary evaluation of the results shows that nitrate concentrations in the shallow groundwater are significantly higher in the almond orchard areas than in the vineyard area (p=0.005). In contrast, concentrations of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) were higher in the vineyard area than in the almond orchard area (p=0.032). The most frequently detected pesticides in groundwater underlying both areas were simazine, atrazine, and desethylatrazine (an atrazine degradation product). These observations are explained, in part, by differences in chemical application and hydrogeologic factors.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr95286","usgsCitation":"Dubrovsky, N., Burow, K.R., and Gronberg, J., 1995, Effects of two contrasting agricultural land uses on shallow groundwater quality in the San Joaquin Valley, California; design and preliminary interpretation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-286, v, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95286.","productDescription":"v, 8 p.","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":150975,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0286/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":382691,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0286/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.70678710937499,\n              34.79576153473033\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.05932617187499,\n              34.79576153473033\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.05932617187499,\n              37.54457732085582\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.70678710937499,\n              37.54457732085582\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.70678710937499,\n              34.79576153473033\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db610028","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dubrovsky, N. M.","contributorId":48199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dubrovsky","given":"N. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burow, Karen R. 0000-0001-6006-6667 krburow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-6667","contributorId":1504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burow","given":"Karen","email":"krburow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":179668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gronberg, Jo Ann M.","contributorId":18342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gronberg","given":"Jo Ann M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":19014,"text":"ofr95185 - 1995 - Bibliography of U.S. Geological Survey reports on the water resources of Florida, 1886-1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:31","indexId":"ofr95185","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-185","title":"Bibliography of U.S. Geological Survey reports on the water resources of Florida, 1886-1995","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey has released a listing of its reports on water resources in Florida for the period 1886-1995. Most of the reports contained in the listing were prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with numerous public agencies in Florida. The compilation has a full bibliographic list of reports arranged alphabetically by senior author. In addition, the reports are indexed by geographic areas and by special topics.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S. Geological Survey, Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95185","usgsCitation":"Garcia, C.A., and Hoy, N., 1995, Bibliography of U.S. Geological Survey reports on the water resources of Florida, 1886-1995 (6th ed.): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-185, iv, 176 p. :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95185.","productDescription":"iv, 176 p. :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151647,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0185/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48424,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0185/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"6th ed.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627d9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garcia, Carmen A.","contributorId":10448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"Carmen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoy, N.D.","contributorId":15618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoy","given":"N.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":20560,"text":"ofr94514 - 1995 - Using chloride and chlorine-36 as soil-water tracers to estimate deep percolation at selected locations on the U.S. Department of Energy Hanford site, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-08T16:50:11.069117","indexId":"ofr94514","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-514","title":"Using chloride and chlorine-36 as soil-water tracers to estimate deep percolation at selected locations on the U.S. Department of Energy Hanford site, Washington","docAbstract":"Long-term average deep-percolation rates of water from precipitation on the U.S. Department of Energy Hanford Site in semiarid south-central Washington, as estimated by a chloride mass-balance method, range from 0.008 to 0.30 mm/yr (millimeters per year) at nine locations covered by a variety of fine-grain soils and vegetated with sagebrush and other deep-rooted plants plus sparse shallow-rooted grasses. Deep-percolation rates estimated using a chlorine-36 bomb-pulse method at three of the nine locations range from 2.1 to 3.4 mm/yr. Because the mass-balance method may underestimate percolation rates and the bomb-pulse method probably overestimates percolation rates, estimates by the two methods probably bracket actual rates. These estimates, as well as estimates by previous investigators who used different methods, are a small fraction of mean annual precipitation, which ranges from about 160 to 210 mm/yr at the different test locations. Estimates by the mass-balance method at four locations in an area that is vegetated only with sparse shallow-rooted grasses range from 0.39 to 2.0 mm/yr. Chlorine-36 data at one location in this area were sufficient only to determine that the upper limit of deep percolation is more than 5.1 mm/yr. Although estimates for locations in this area are larger than the estimates for locations with deep-rooted plants, they are at the lower end of the range of estimates for this area made by previous investigators.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr94514","usgsCitation":"Prych, E.A., 1995, Using chloride and chlorine-36 as soil-water tracers to estimate deep percolation at selected locations on the U.S. Department of Energy Hanford site, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-514, viii, 125 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94514.","productDescription":"viii, 125 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152768,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0514/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":379242,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0514/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.28319931030273,\n              46.35699885440808\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.26620483398438,\n              46.35699885440808\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.26620483398438,\n              46.37547772047758\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.28319931030273,\n              46.37547772047758\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.28319931030273,\n              46.35699885440808\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d4e4b07f02db5dd0da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prych, Edmund A.","contributorId":38139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prych","given":"Edmund","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26391,"text":"wri874136 - 1995 - A feasibility study to estimate minimum surface-casing depths of oil and gas wells to prevent ground-water contamination in four areas of western Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-08T21:24:50.516375","indexId":"wri874136","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4136","title":"A feasibility study to estimate minimum surface-casing depths of oil and gas wells to prevent ground-water contamination in four areas of western Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"<p>Hydrologic data were evaluated from four areas of western Pennsylvania to estimate the minimum depth of well surface casing needed to prevent contamination of most of the fresh gr6unct-water resources by oil and gas wells. The areas are representative of the different types of oil and gas activities and of the ground-water hydrology of most sections of the Appalachian Plateaus Physiographic Province in western Pennsylvania. Approximate delineation of the base of the fresh ground-water system was attempted by interpreting the following hydrologic data: (1) reports of freshwater and saltwater in oil and gas well-completion reports; (2) water well-completion reports, (3) geophysical logs; and (4) chemical analyses of well water.</p><p>Because of the poor quality and scarcity of ground-water data, the altitude of the base of the fresh ground-water system in the four study areas cannot be accurately delineated. Consequently, minimum surface-casing depths for oil and gas wells cannot be estimated with confidence. Conscientious and reliable reporting of freshwater and saltwater during drilling of oil and gas wells would expand the existing data base. Reporting of field specific conductance of ground water would greatly enhance the value of the reports of ground water in oil and gas well-completion records.</p><p>Water-bearing zones in bedrock are controlled mostly by the presence of secondary openings. The vertical and horizontal discontinuity of secondary openings may be responsible, in part, for large differences in altitudes of freshwater zones noted on completion records of adjacent oil and gas wells. In upland and hilltop topographies, maximum depths of fresh ground water are reported from several hundred feet below land surface to slightly more than 1,000 feet, but the few deep reports are not substantiated by results of laboratory analyses of dissolved-solids concentrations.</p><p>Past and present drillers for shallow oil and gas wells commonly install surface casing to below the base of readily observed fresh ground water. Casing depths are selected generally to maximize drilling efficiency and to stop freshwater from entering the well and subsequently interfering with hydrocarbon recovery . The depths of surface casing generally are not selected with ground-water protection in mind. However, on the basis of existing hydrologic data, most freshwater aquifers generally are protected with current casing depths. Minimum surface-casing depths for deep gas wells are prescribed by Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources regulations and appear to be adequate to prevent ground-water contamination, in most respects, for the only study area with deep gas fields examined in Crawford County.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri874136","usgsCitation":"Buckwalter, T.F., and Squillace, P.J., 1995, A feasibility study to estimate minimum surface-casing depths of oil and gas wells to prevent ground-water contamination in four areas of western Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4136, Report: vi, 55 p.; 1 Plate: 28.68 × 25.40 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874136.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 55 p.; 1 Plate: 28.68 × 25.40 inches","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123853,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_87_4136.bmp"},{"id":55185,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4136/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":14548,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4136/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":394119,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4136/pdf/wri874136.pdf"},{"id":394118,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46800.htm","text":"Geneva quadrangle","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":465907,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46801.htm","text":"Hazen & Reynoldsville quadrangles","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":465908,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46802.htm","text":"Pittsburgh East quadrangle","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":465909,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46803.htm","text":"Warren quadrangle","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.2,\n              41.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.1167,\n              41.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.1167,\n              41.625\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.2,\n              41.625\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.2,\n              41.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aed0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buckwalter, T. F.","contributorId":58671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckwalter","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Squillace, P. J.","contributorId":8878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squillace","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}