{"pageNumber":"388","pageRowStart":"9675","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16437,"records":[{"id":70020502,"text":"70020502 - 1998 - Isotopic composition of ice cores and meltwater from upper fremont glacier and Galena Creek rock glacier, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-04T08:11:53","indexId":"70020502","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1768,"text":"Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotopic composition of ice cores and meltwater from upper fremont glacier and Galena Creek rock glacier, Wyoming","docAbstract":"

Meltwater runoff from glaciers can result from various sources, including recent precipitation and melted glacial ice. Determining the origin of the meltwater from glaciers through isotopic analysis can provide information about such things as the character and distribution of ablation on glaciers.

A 9.4 m ice core and meltwater were collected in 1995 and 1996 at the glacigenic Galena Creek rock glacier in Wyoming's Absaroka Mountains. Measurements of chlorine‐36 (36Cl), tritium (3H), sulphur‐35 (35S), and delta oxygen‐18 (δ18O) were compared to similar measurements from an ice core taken from the Upper Fremont Glacier in the Wind River Range of Wyoming collected in 1991–95. Meltwater samples from three sites on the rock glacier yielded 36Cl concentrations that ranged from 2.1±1.0×106 to 5.8±0.3×106 atoms/l. The ice‐core 36Cl concentrations from Galena Creek ranged from 3.4±0.3×105 to 1.0±0.1×106 atoms/l. Analysis of an ice core from the Upper Fremont Glacier yielded 36Cl concentrations of 1.2±0.2×106 and 5.2±0.2×106 atoms/l for pre‐1940 ice and between 2 ×106 and 3×106 atoms/l for post‐1980 ice. Purdue's PRIME Lab analyzed the ice from the Upper Fremont Glacier. The highest concentration of 36Cl in the ice was 77±2×106 atoms/l and was deposited during the peak of atmospheric nuclear weapons testing in the late 1950s. This is an order of magnitude greater than the largest measured concentration from both the Upper Fremont Glacier ice core that was not affected by weapons testing fallout and the ice core collected from the Galena Creek rock glacier.

Tritium concentrations from the rock glacier ranged from 9.2±0.6 to 13.2±0.8 tritium units (TU) in the meltwater to −1.3±1.3 TU in the ice core. Concentrations of 3H in the Upper Fremont Glacier ice core ranged from 0 TU in the ice older than 50 years to 6–12 TU in the ice deposited in the last 10 years. The maximum 3H concentration in ice from the Upper Fremont Glacier deposited in the early 1960s during peak weapons testing fallout for this isotope was 360 TU.

One meltwater sample from the rock glacier was analyzed for 35S with a measured concentration of 5.4±1.0 millibecquerel per liter (mBeq/l). Modern precipitation in the Rocky Mountains contains 35S from 10 to 40 mBeq/L. The δ18O results in meltwater from the Galena Creek rock glacier (−17.40±0.1 to −17.98±0.1 per mil) are similar to results for modern precipitation in the Rocky Mountains. Comparison of these isotopic concentrations from the two glaciers suggest that the meltwater at the Galena Creek site is composed mostly of melted snow and rain that percolates through the rock debris that covers the glacier. Additionally, this water from the rock debris is much younger (less than two years) than the reported age of about 2000 years for the subsurface ice at the mid‐glacier coring site. Thus the meltwater from the Galena Creek rock glacier is composed primarily of melted surface snow and rain water rather than melted glacier ice, supporting previous estimates of slow ablation rates beneath the surface debris of the rock glacier.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1111/j.0435-3676.1998.00044.x","issn":"04353676","usgsCitation":"Cecil, L., Green, J., Vogt, S., Michel, R., and Cottrell, G., 1998, Isotopic composition of ice cores and meltwater from upper fremont glacier and Galena Creek rock glacier, Wyoming: Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography, v. 80, no. 3-4, p. 287-292, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0435-3676.1998.00044.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"287","endPage":"292","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230986,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3fa0e4b0c8380cd6468f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cecil, L. DeWayne","contributorId":66856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cecil","given":"L. DeWayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, J.R.","contributorId":31146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vogt, S.","contributorId":86126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogt","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Michel, R.","contributorId":101042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cottrell, G.","contributorId":58417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cottrell","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70020540,"text":"70020540 - 1998 - Benthic invertebrate distributions in the San Joaquin River, California, in relation to physical and chemical factors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-01T06:15:02","indexId":"70020540","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Benthic invertebrate distributions in the San Joaquin River, California, in relation to physical and chemical factors","docAbstract":"The invertebrate fauna of nontidal portions of the lower San Joaquin River and its major tributaries is described in relation to water quality and habitat using canonical correspondence analysis, autecological metrics, and indicator species analysis. A large-scale (basin-wide) pattern in community response to salinity (sulfate-bicarbonate type) was detected when standardized, stable substratum was sampled. Community structure, taxa richness, and EPT (ephemeropterans, plecopterans, and trichopterans) richness varied with dissolved solids concentration (55-1700 mg total dissolved solids. L-1), and distributions of many taxa indicated salinity optima. Distinct assemblages associated with either high or low salinity were evident over this range. Large-scale patterns in community structure were unrelated to pesticide distributions. Structure and taxa richness of invertebrate assemblages in sand substratum varied both with salinity and with microhabitat heterogeneity. The benthic fauna generally was dominated by a taxa-poor assemblage of specialized psammophilous species, contributing to a weaker relationship between community structure and water quality than was observed using standardized substratum. Habitat types and associated dominant species were characterized using indicator species analysis. Species assemblages did not vary substantially with irrigation regime or fiver discharge, indicating that structure of invertebrate communities was a conservative measure of water quality.","language":"English","publisher":"Canada Science Publishing ","doi":"10.1139/f97-316","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Leland, H., and Fend, S., 1998, Benthic invertebrate distributions in the San Joaquin River, California, in relation to physical and chemical factors: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 55, no. 5, p. 1051-1067, https://doi.org/10.1139/f97-316.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1051","endPage":"1067","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231029,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California ","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin River","volume":"55","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f0bce4b0c8380cd4a8ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leland, H.V.","contributorId":82455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leland","given":"H.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fend, S.V. 0000-0002-4638-6602","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4638-6602","contributorId":99702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fend","given":"S.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020570,"text":"70020570 - 1998 - Hydrologic influence on methane and carbon dioxide dynamics at two north-central Minnesota lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-30T20:57:33","indexId":"70020570","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic influence on methane and carbon dioxide dynamics at two north-central Minnesota lakes","docAbstract":"Annual emissions of (CH4 + CO2) to the atmosphere were proportional to net hydrologic inputs of C, mostly by groundwater, at two lakes in the Shingobee River watershed in north-central Minnesota. Williams Lake (WL), a closed basin lake near the top of the watershed, had a hydraulic residence time of 2-4 yr and groundwater exchange of about +2 mol dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and -0.1 mol dissolved organic carbon (DOC) m-2 lake area yr-1. The Shingobee River flows through Shingobee Lake (SL) that had a hydraulic residence of 0.3-0.4 yr and received net groundwater plus surface-water inputs of +5.3 to +7.3 mol DIC and fewer than +1.3 mol (DOC + particulate organic carbon) m-2 yr-1. Approximately 60-80% of net annual C input to SL was from groundwater. Lake storage of CH4 and CO2 was greatest in late winter, with maximum emissions to the atmosphere immediately following ice melt. The lakes emitted CH4 continuously during open water, having annual losses of -1.6 mol CH4 m-2 yr-1 at WL and -1.9 mol CH4 m-2 yr-1 at SL. Although the WL epilimnion was CO2 depleted throughout summer, net annual CO2 exchange with the atmosphere was near zero because springtime emission offset summertime uptake. CO2 supersaturation resulted in emission of -8.0 mol CO2 m-2 yr-1 at SL.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnology and Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00243590","usgsCitation":"Striegl, R.G., and Michmerhuizen, C., 1998, Hydrologic influence on methane and carbon dioxide dynamics at two north-central Minnesota lakes: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 43, no. 7, p. 1519-1529.","startPage":"1519","endPage":"1529","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230909,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3639e4b0c8380cd6053b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":386726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Michmerhuizen, C.M.","contributorId":6205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michmerhuizen","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020591,"text":"70020591 - 1998 - Flow of river water into a karstic limestone aquifer: 2. Dating the young fraction in groundwater mixtures in the Upper Floridan aquifer near Valdosta, Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-04T08:44:50","indexId":"70020591","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flow of river water into a karstic limestone aquifer: 2. Dating the young fraction in groundwater mixtures in the Upper Floridan aquifer near Valdosta, Georgia","docAbstract":"

Tritium/helium-3 (3H/3He) and chlorofluorocarbon (CFCs, CFC–11, CFC–12, CFC–113) data are used to date the young fraction in groundwater mixtures from a karstic limestone aquifer near Valdosta, Georgia, where regional paleowater in the Upper Floridan aquifer receives recharge from two young sources—the flow of Withlacoochee River water through sinkholes in the river bed, and leakage of infiltration water through post-Eocene semi-confining beds above the Upper Floridan aquifer. In dating the young fraction of mixtures using CFCs, it is necessary to reconstruct the CFC concentration that was in the young fraction prior to mixing. The 3H/3He age is independent of the extent of dilution with older (3H-free and 3Hetrit-free) water. The groundwater mixtures are designated as Type-1 for mixtures of regional paleowater and regional infiltration water and Type-2 for mixtures containing more than approximately 4% of river water. The fractions of regional paleowater, regional infiltration water, and Withlacoochee River water in the groundwater mixtures were determined from Cl− and δ18O data for water from the Upper Floridan aquifer at Valdosta, Georgia.

The chlorofluorocarbons CFC–11 and CFC–113 are removed by microbial degradation and/or sorption processes in most anaerobic (Type-2) groundwater at Valdosta, but are present in some aerobic Type-1 water. CFC–12 persists in both SO4-reducing and methanogenic water. The very low detection limits for CFCs (approximately 0.3 pg kg−1) permitted CFC–11 and CFC–12 dating of the fraction of regional infiltration water in Type-1 mixtures, and CFC-12 dating of the river-water fraction in Type-2 mixtures. Overall, approximately 50% of the 85 water samples obtained from the Upper Floridan aquifer have CFC–12-based ages of the young fraction that are consistent with the 3H concentration of the groundwater. Because of uncertainties associated with very low 3H and 3He content in dilute mixtures, 3H/3He dating is limited to the river-water fraction in Type-2 mixtures containing more than about 10% river water. Of the 41 water samples measured for 3H/3He dating, dilution of 3H and low 3He concentration limited 3H/3He dating to 16 mixtures in which 3H/3He ages are defined with errors ranging from ±2 to ±7.5 a (1 σ). After correction for dilution with (assumed) CFC-free regional infiltration water and regional paleowater in the Upper Floridan aquifer, adjusted CFC–12 ages agree with 3H/3He ages within 5 a or less in 7 of the 9 co-dated Type-2 mixtures.

Tritium data and dating based on both CFC–11 and CFC–12 in Type-1 mixtures indicate that travel times of infiltration water through the overlying Post-Eocene semi-confining beds exceed 35 a. The CFC and 3H/3He dating indicate that the river fraction in most groundwater entered the groundwater reservoir in the past 20 to 30 a. Few domestic and municipal supply wells sampled intercept water younger than 5 a. Calculated velocities of river water in the Upper Floridan aquifer downgradient of the sinkhole area range from 0.4 to 8.2 m/d. Radiocarbon data indicate that ages of the regional paleowater are on the 10 000-a time scale. An average lag time of approximately 10 to 25 a is determined for discharge of groundwater from the surficial and intermediate aquifers above the Upper Floridan aquifer to the Withlacoochee River.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0883-2927(98)00032-8","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Plummer, N., Busenberg, E., Drenkard, S., Schlosser, P., Ekwurzel, B., Weppernig, R., McConnell, J.B., and Michel, R.L., 1998, Flow of river water into a karstic limestone aquifer: 2. Dating the young fraction in groundwater mixtures in the Upper Floridan aquifer near Valdosta, Georgia: Applied Geochemistry, v. 13, no. 8, p. 1017-1043, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(98)00032-8.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"1017","endPage":"1043","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487347,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0883-2927(98)00032-8","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231269,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206928,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(98)00032-8"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","county":"Lowndes County 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P.","contributorId":106656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlosser","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ekwurzel, B.","contributorId":27223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ekwurzel","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Weppernig, R.","contributorId":57616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weppernig","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McConnell, J. B.","contributorId":25577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McConnell","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Michel, R. L.","contributorId":86375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70020592,"text":"70020592 - 1998 - Difluoromethane, a new and improved inhibitor of methanotrophy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-12T21:07:41.228976","indexId":"70020592","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Difluoromethane, a new and improved inhibitor of methanotrophy","docAbstract":"

Difluoromethane (HFC-32; DFM) is compared to acetylene and methyl fluoride as an inhibitor of methanotrophy in cultures and soils. DFM was found to be a reversible inhibitor of CH4 oxidation byMethylococcus capsulatus (Bath). Consumption of CH4 in soil was blocked by additions of low levels of DFM (0.03 kPa), and this inhibition was reversed by DFM removal. Although a small quantity of DFM was consumed during these incubations, its remaining concentration was sufficiently elevated to sustain inhibition. Methanogenesis in anaerobic soil slurries, including acetoclastic methanogenesis, was unaffected by levels of DFM which inhibit methanotrophy. Low levels of DFM (0.03 kPa) also inhibited nitrification and N2O production by soils. DFM is proposed as an improved inhibitor of CH4 oxidation over acetylene and/or methyl fluoride on the basis of its reversibility, its efficacy at low concentrations, its lack of inhibition of methanogenesis, and its low cost.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/AEM.64.11.4357-4362.1998","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Miller, L., Sasson, C., and Oremland, R., 1998, Difluoromethane, a new and improved inhibitor of methanotrophy: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 64, no. 11, p. 4357-4362, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.64.11.4357-4362.1998.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"4357","endPage":"4362","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479726,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.11.4357-4362.1998","text":"External Repository"},{"id":231306,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0114e4b0c8380cd4fab5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, L.G.","contributorId":32522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"L.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sasson, C.","contributorId":104663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sasson","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oremland, R.S.","contributorId":97512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020594,"text":"70020594 - 1998 - Changes in the isotopic and chemical composition of ground water resulting from a recharge pulse from a sinking stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-21T07:52:32","indexId":"70020594","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in the isotopic and chemical composition of ground water resulting from a recharge pulse from a sinking stream","docAbstract":"The Little River, an ephemeral stream that drains a watershed of approximately 88 km2 in northern Florida, disappears into a series of sinkholes along the Cody Scarp and flows directly into the carbonate Upper Floridan aquifer, the source of water supply in northern Florida. The changes in the geochemistry of ground water caused by a major recharge pulse from the sinking stream were investigated using chemical and isotopic tracers and mass-balance modeling techniques. Nine monitoring wells were installed open to the uppermost part of the aquifer in areas near the sinks where numerous subterranean karst solution features were identified using ground penetrating radar. During high-flow conditions in the Little River, the chemistry of water in some of the monitoring wells changed, reflecting the mixing of river water with ground water. Rapid recharge of river water into some parts of the aquifer during high-flow conditions was indicated by enriched values of delta 18O and delta deuterium (-1.67 to -3.17 per mil and -9.2 to -15.6 per mil, respectively), elevated concentrations of tannic acid, higher (more radiogenic) 87Sr/86Sr ratios, and lower concentrations of 222Rn, silica, and alkalinity compared to low-flow conditions. The proportion of river water that mixed with ground water ranged from 0.10 to 0.67 based on binary mixing models using the tracers 18O, deuterium, tannic acid, silica, 222Rn, and 87Sr/86Sr. On the basis of mass-balance modeling during steady-state flow conditions, the dominant processes controlling carbon cycling in ground water are the dissolution of calcite and dolomite in aquifer material, and aerobic degradation of organic matter.The Little River of northern Florida disappears into a series of sinkholes along the Cody Scarp and flows directly into the carbonate Upper Floridan aquifer. The changes in the geochemistry of ground water caused by a major recharge pulse from the sinking stream were investigated using chemical and isotopic tracers and mass-balance modeling techniques. Nine monitoring wells were installed open to the uppermost part of the aquifer. During high-flow conditions in the Little River, the chemistry of water in some of the monitoring wells changed, reflecting the mixing of river water with ground water. Based on mass-balance modeling during steady-state flow conditions, it was found that the dominant processes controlling carbon cycling in ground water are the dissolution of calcite and dolomite in aquifer material, and aerobic degradation of organic matter.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier ","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00236-4","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Katz, B., Catches, J., Bullen, T., and Michel, R.L., 1998, Changes in the isotopic and chemical composition of ground water resulting from a recharge pulse from a sinking stream: Journal of Hydrology, v. 211, no. 1-4, p. 178-207, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00236-4.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"178","endPage":"207","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231343,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206954,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00236-4"}],"volume":"211","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f432e4b0c8380cd4bbcd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Katz, B. G.","contributorId":82702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katz","given":"B. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Catches, J.S.","contributorId":75702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Catches","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bullen, T.D.","contributorId":79911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Michel, R. L.","contributorId":86375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70020595,"text":"70020595 - 1998 - Type curves to determine the relative importance of advection and dispersion for solute and vapor transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-01T06:23:19","indexId":"70020595","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Type curves to determine the relative importance of advection and dispersion for solute and vapor transport","docAbstract":"The relative importance of advection and dispersion for both solute and vapor transport can be determined from type curves or concentration, flux, or cumulative flux. The dimensionless form of the type curves provides a means to directly evaluate the importance of mass transport by advection relative to that of mass transport by diffusion and dispersion. Type curves based on an analytical solution to the advection-dispersion equation are plotted in terms of dimensionless time and Peclet number. Flux and cumulative flux type curves provide additional rationale for transport regime determination in addition to the traditional concentration type curves. The extension of type curves to include vapor transport with phase partitioning in the unsaturated zone is a new development. Type curves for negative Peclet numbers also are presented. A negative Peclet number characterizes a problem in which one direction of flow is toward the contamination source, and thereby diffusion and advection can act in opposite directions. Examples are the diffusion of solutes away from the downgradient edge of a pump-and-treat capture zone, the upward diffusion of vapors through the unsaturated zone with recharge, and the diffusion of solutes through a low hydraulic conductivity cutoff wall with an inward advective gradient.","largerWorkTitle":"Wiley","language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1998.tb02102.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Garges, J., and Baehr, A.L., 1998, Type curves to determine the relative importance of advection and dispersion for solute and vapor transport: Ground Water, v. 36, no. 6, p. 959-965, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1998.tb02102.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"959","endPage":"965","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231344,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd1ce4b0c8380cd4e630","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garges, J.A.","contributorId":8253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garges","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baehr, A. L.","contributorId":59831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baehr","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020657,"text":"70020657 - 1998 - Trophic transfer of methyl mercury in the northern Florida Everglades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-04T08:05:02","indexId":"70020657","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trophic transfer of methyl mercury in the northern Florida Everglades","docAbstract":"There are spatial differences in methyl mercury (MeHg) concentrations in biota in Water Conservation Areas 2 and 3 in the Everglades, with higher concentrations generally found in the southern areas. Fish and hemipterans had the most MeHg on a wet weight basis, with levels exceeding 30 ng g-1. The magnitude of MeHg accumulation in biota varies seasonally and does not always appear to be associated with changes in water column concentration. This is exemplified by periphyton, the base of the foodweb in the Everglades, at a high nutrient sampling site. Although limited in scope, MeHg concentrations presented for biota provide insight into beginning to understand the dynamic nature of Hg transfer in the Everglades foodweb on a spatial and temporal basis.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1005918101773","issn":"01682563","usgsCitation":"Cleckner, L., Garrison, P., Hurley, J., Olson, M., and Krabbenhoft, D., 1998, Trophic transfer of methyl mercury in the northern Florida Everglades: Biogeochemistry, v. 40, no. 2-3, p. 347-361, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005918101773.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"347","endPage":"361","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231233,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb88ee4b08c986b327914","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cleckner, L.B.","contributorId":29966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleckner","given":"L.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garrison, P.J.","contributorId":86072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrison","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hurley, J.P.","contributorId":97645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurley","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Olson, M.L.","contributorId":21989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, D. P. 0000-0003-1964-5020","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":90765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"D. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70020666,"text":"70020666 - 1998 - Aqueous infrared carboxylate absorbances: Aliphatic di-acids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-04T10:18:41","indexId":"70020666","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3463,"text":"Spectrochimica Acta - Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aqueous infrared carboxylate absorbances: Aliphatic di-acids","docAbstract":"

Aqueous attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectra of 18 aliphatic di-carboxylic acids are reported as a function of pH. The spectra show isosbestic points and intensity changes which indicate that Beer's law is obeyed, and peak frequencies lie within previously reported ranges for aqueous carboxylates and pure carboxylic acids. Intensity sharing from the symmetric carboxylate stretch is evident in many cases, so that bands which are nominally due to alkyl groups show increased intensity at higher pH. The asymmetric stretch of the HA− species is linearly related to the microscopic acidity constantof the H2A species, with σpK<0.25 log units; this relationship falls on the same line as previously observed for mono-carboxylic acids. The linear relationship applies to the acidity constant of the HA− species only when the two acid groups are well separated (>2 intervening atoms). The results suggest that aqueous ATR-FTIR may be able to estimate `intrinsic' pKa values of carboxylic acids, in addition to providing quantitative estimates of ionization.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S1386-1425(97)00258-8","issn":"13861425","usgsCitation":"Cabaniss, S., Leenheer, J., and McVey, I., 1998, Aqueous infrared carboxylate absorbances: Aliphatic di-acids: Spectrochimica Acta - Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, v. 54, no. 3, p. 449-458, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1386-1425(97)00258-8.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"449","endPage":"458","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231421,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed17e4b0c8380cd49610","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cabaniss, S.E.","contributorId":76487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cabaniss","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leenheer, J.A.","contributorId":75123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leenheer","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McVey, I.F.","contributorId":8254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McVey","given":"I.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020690,"text":"70020690 - 1998 - System controls on the aqueous distribution of mercury in the northern Florida Everglades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-01T06:58:12","indexId":"70020690","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"System controls on the aqueous distribution of mercury in the northern Florida Everglades","docAbstract":"The forms and partitioning of aqueous mercury species in the canals and marshes of the Northern Florida Everglades exhibit strong spatial and temporal variability. In canals feeding Water Conservation Area (WCA) 2A, unfiltered total Hg (HgT(U)) is less than 3 ng L-1 and relatively constant. In contrast, methyl mercury (MeHg) exhibited a strong seasonal pattern, with highest levels entering WCA-2A marshes during July. Stagnation and reduced flows also lead to particle enrichment of MeHg. In the marshes of WCA-2A, 2B and 3A, HgT(U) is usually <5 ng L-1 with no consistent north-south patterns. However, for individual dates, aqueous unfiltered MeHg (MeHg(U)) levels increase from north to south with generally lowest levels in the eutrophied regions of northern WCA-2A. A strong relationship between filtered Hg species and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), evident for rivers draining wetlands in Wisconsin, was not apparent in the Everglades, suggesting either differences in the binding sites of DOC between the two regions, or non-organic Hg complexation in the Everglades.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1005928927272","issn":"01682563","usgsCitation":"Hurley, J., Krabbenhoft, D., Cleckner, L., Olson, M., Aiken, G., and Rawlik, P., 1998, System controls on the aqueous distribution of mercury in the northern Florida Everglades: Biogeochemistry, v. 40, no. 2-3, p. 293-311, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005928927272.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"293","endPage":"311","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231194,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba366e4b08c986b31fcb5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hurley, J.P.","contributorId":97645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurley","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, D. P. 0000-0003-1964-5020","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":90765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"D. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cleckner, L.B.","contributorId":29966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleckner","given":"L.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Olson, M.L.","contributorId":21989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Aiken, G. R. 0000-0001-8454-0984","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":14452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rawlik, P.S. Jr.","contributorId":19329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rawlik","given":"P.S.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70020697,"text":"70020697 - 1998 - Multi-level slug tests in highly permeable formations: 2. Hydraulic conductivity identification, method verification, and field applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:18","indexId":"70020697","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multi-level slug tests in highly permeable formations: 2. Hydraulic conductivity identification, method verification, and field applications","docAbstract":"Using the developed theory and modified Springer-Gelhar (SG) model, an identification method is proposed for estimating hydraulic conductivity from multi-level slug tests. The computerized algorithm calculates hydraulic conductivity from both monotonic and oscillatory well responses obtained using a double-packer system. Field verification of the method was performed at a specially designed fully penetrating well of 0.1-m diameter with a 10-m screen in a sand and gravel alluvial aquifer (MSEA site, Shelton, Nebraska). During well installation, disturbed core samples were collected every 0.6 m using a split-spoon sampler. Vertical profiles of hydraulic conductivity were produced on the basis of grain-size analysis of the disturbed core samples. These results closely correlate with the vertical profile of horizontal hydraulic conductivity obtained by interpreting multi-level slug test responses using the modified SG model. The identification method was applied to interpret the response from 474 slug tests in 156 locations at the MSEA site. More than 60% of responses were oscillatory. The method produced a good match to experimental data for both oscillatory and monotonic responses using an automated curve matching procedure. The proposed method allowed us to drastically increase the efficiency of each well used for aquifer characterization and to process massive arrays of field data. Recommendations generalizing this experience to massive application of the proposed method are developed.Using the developed theory and modified Springer-Gelhar (SG) model, an identification method is proposed for estimating hydraulic conductivity from multi-level slug tests. The computerized algorithm calculates hydraulic conductivity from both monotonic and oscillatory well responses obtained using a double-packer system. Field verification of the method was performed at a specially designed fully penetrating well of 0.1-m diameter with a 10-m screen in a sand and gravel alluvial aquifer (MSEA site, Shelton, Nebraska). During well installation, disturbed core samples were collected every 0.6 m using a split-spoon sampler. Vertical profiles of hydraulic conductivity were produced on the basis of grain-size analysis of the disturbed core samples. These results closely correlate with the vertical profile of horizontal hydraulic conductivity obtained by interpreting multi-level slug test responses using the modified SG model. The identification method was applied to interpret the response from 474 slug tests in 156 locations at the MSEA site. More than 60% of responses were oscillatory. The method produced a good match to experimental data for both oscillatory and monotonic responses using an automated curve matching procedure. The proposed method allowed us to drastically increase the efficiency of each well used for aquifer characterization and to process massive arrays of field data. Recommendations generalizing this experience to massive application of the proposed method are developed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Sci B.V.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(97)00127-3","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Zlotnik, V., and McGuire, V., 1998, Multi-level slug tests in highly permeable formations: 2. Hydraulic conductivity identification, method verification, and field applications: Journal of Hydrology, v. 204, no. 1-4, p. 283-296, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(97)00127-3.","startPage":"283","endPage":"296","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231313,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206944,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(97)00127-3"}],"volume":"204","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5fb7e4b0c8380cd710c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zlotnik, V.A.","contributorId":102660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zlotnik","given":"V.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGuire, V. L. 0000-0002-3962-4158","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3962-4158","contributorId":94702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"V. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020756,"text":"70020756 - 1998 - Arsenic hydrogeochemistry in an irrigated river valley - A reevaluation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-07T12:01:45.825606","indexId":"70020756","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arsenic hydrogeochemistry in an irrigated river valley - A reevaluation","docAbstract":"

Arsenic concentrations in ground water of the lower Madison River valley, Montana, are high (16 to 176 μg/L). Previous studies hypothesized that arsenic-rich river water, applied as irrigation, was evapoconcentrated during recharge and contaminated the thin alluvial aquifer. Based on additional data collection and a reevaluation of the hydrology and geochemistry of the valley, the high arsenic concentrations in ground water are caused by a unique combination of natural hydrologic and geochemical factors, and irrigation appears to play a secondary role. The high arsenic concentrations in ground water have several causes: direct aquifer recharge by Madison River water having arsenic concentrations as high as 100 μg/L, leaching of arsenic from Tertiary volcano-clastic sediment, and release of sorbed arsenic where redox conditions in ground water are reduced. The findings are consistent with related studies that demonstrate that arsenic is sorbed by irrigated soils in the valley. Although evaporation of applied irrigation water does not significantly increase arsenic concentrations in ground water, irrigation with arsenic-rich water raises other environmental concerns.

","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1998.tb02191.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Nimick, D., 1998, Arsenic hydrogeochemistry in an irrigated river valley - A reevaluation: Groundwater, v. 36, no. 5, p. 743-753, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1998.tb02191.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"743","endPage":"753","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231001,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed8ce4b0c8380cd4988d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimick, D. A.","contributorId":70399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimick","given":"D. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70020783,"text":"70020783 - 1998 - Estimating formation properties from early-time recovery in wells subject to turbulent head losses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-21T07:34:24","indexId":"70020783","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating formation properties from early-time recovery in wells subject to turbulent head losses","docAbstract":"A mathematical model is developed to interpret the early-time recovering water level following the termination of pumping in wells subject to turbulent head losses. The model assumes that turbulent head losses dissipate immediately when pumping ends. In wells subject to both borehole storage and turbulent head losses, the early-time recovery exhibits a slope equal to 1/2 on log-log plots of the recovery versus time. This half-slope response should not be confused with the half-slope response associated with a linear flow regime during aquifer tests. The presence of a borehole skin due to formation damage or stimulation around the pumped well alters the early-time recovery in wells subject to turbulent head losses and gives the appearance of borehole storage, where the recovery exhibits a unit slope on log-log plots of recovery versus time. Type curves can be used to estimate the formation storafivity from the early-time recovery data. In wells that are suspected of having formation damage or stimulation, the type curves can be used to estimate the 'effective' radius of the pumped well, if an estimate of the formation storativity is available from observation wells or other information. Type curves for a homogeneous and isotropic dual-porosity aquifer are developed and applied to estimate formation properties and the effect of formation stimulation from a single-well test conducted in the Madison limestone near Rapid City, South Dakota.A mathematical model is developed to interpret the early-time recovering water level following the termination of pumping in wells subject to turbulent head losses. The model assumes that turbulent head losses dissipate immediately when pumping ends. In wells subject to both borehole storage and turbulent head losses, the early-time recovery exhibits a slope equal to 1/2 on log-log plots of the recovery versus time. This half-slope response should not be confused with the half-slope response associated with a linear flow regime during aquifer tests. The presence of a borehole skin due to formation damage or stimulation around the pumped well alters the early-time recovery in wells subject to turbulent head losses and gives the appearance of borehole storage, where the recovery exhibits a unit slope on log-log plots of recovery versus time. Type curves can be used to estimate the formation storativity from the early-time recovery data. In wells that are suspected of having formation damage or stimulation, the type curves can be used to estimate the `effective' radius of the pumped well, if an estimate of the formation storativity is available from observation wells or other information. Type curves for a homogeneous and isotropic dual-porosity aquifer are developed and applied to estimate formation properties and the effect of formation stimulation from a single-well test conducted in the Madison limestone near Rapid City, South Dakota.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier ","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00170-X","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Shapiro, A., Oki, D., and Greene, E., 1998, Estimating formation properties from early-time recovery in wells subject to turbulent head losses: Journal of Hydrology, v. 208, no. 3-4, p. 223-236, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00170-X.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"223","endPage":"236","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231428,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206974,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00170-X"}],"volume":"208","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b1ee4b0c8380cd5259c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shapiro, A.M. 0000-0002-6425-9607","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-9607","contributorId":88384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":387501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oki, D.S.","contributorId":75184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oki","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Greene, E.A.","contributorId":75575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1015832,"text":"1015832 - 1998 - Long-term hydrologic effects on marsh plant community structure in the southern Everglades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:41","indexId":"1015832","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term hydrologic effects on marsh plant community structure in the southern Everglades","docAbstract":"Although large-scale transformation of Everglades landscapes has occurred during the past century, the patterns of association among hydrologic factors and southern Everglades freshwater marsh vegetation have not been well-defined. We used a 10-year data base on the aquatic biota of Shark Slough to classify vegetation and describe plant community change in intermediate- to long-hydroperiod Everglades marshes. Study area marsh vegetation was quantitatively grouped into associations dominated by 1) Cladium jamaicense, 2) a group of emergents including Eleocharis cellulosa, Sagittaria lancifolia, and Rhyncospora tracyi, 3) taxa associated with algal mats (Utricularia spp. and Bacopa caroliniana), and 4) the grasses Panicum hemitomon and Paspalidium geminatum. During the decade evaluated, the range of water depths that characterized our study sites approached both extremes depicted in the 40-year hydrologic record for the region. Water depths were near the long-term average during the mid-1980s, declined sharply during a late 1980s drought, and underwent a prolonged increase from 1991 through 1995. Overall macrophyte cover varied inversely with water depth, while the response of periphyton was more complex. An ordination analysis, based on plant species abundance, revealed that study area vegetation structure was associated with hydrologic patterns. Marsh plant community structure showed evidence of cyclic interannual variation corresponding to hydrologic change over the decade evaluated. Lower water depths, the occurrence of marl substrates, and high periphyton cover were correlated. These factors contributed to reduced macrophyte cover in portions of the study area from which water had been diverted.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Busch, D.E., Loftus, W., and Bass, O.L., 1998, Long-term hydrologic effects on marsh plant community structure in the southern Everglades: Wetlands, v. 18, no. 2, p. 230-241.","productDescription":"p. 230-241","startPage":"230","endPage":"241","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133403,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6de4b07f02db63ee83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Busch, David E. dave_busch@usgs.gov","contributorId":3392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busch","given":"David","email":"dave_busch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":323209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loftus, W.F.","contributorId":29363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftus","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bass, O. L. Jr.","contributorId":31721,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bass","given":"O.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70021042,"text":"70021042 - 1998 - Humic substances as a mediator for microbially catalyzed metal reduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-01-30T10:53:31","indexId":"70021042","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":636,"text":"Acta Hydrochimica et Hydrobiologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Humic substances as a mediator for microbially catalyzed metal reduction","docAbstract":"

The potential for humic substances to serve as a terminal electron acceptor in microbial respiration and to function as an electron shuttle between Fe(III)‐reducing microorganisms and insoluble Fe(III) oxides was investigated. The Fe(III)‐reducing microorganism Geobacter metallireducens conserved energy to support growth from electron transport to humics as evidenced by continued oxidation of acetate to carbon dioxide after as many as nine transfers in a medium with acetate as the electron donor and soil humic acids as the electron acceptor. Growth of G. metallireducens with poorly crystalline Fe(III) oxide as the electron acceptor was greatly stimulated by the addition of as little as 100 μM of the humics analog, anthraquinone‐2,6‐disulfonate. Other quinones investigated, including lawsone, menadione, and anthraquinone‐2‐sulfonate, also stimulated Fe(III) oxide reduction. A wide phylogenetic diversity of microorganisms capable of Fe(III) reduction were also able to transfer electrons to humics. Microorganisms which can not reduce Fe(III) could not reduce humics. Humics stimulated the reduction of structural Fe(III) in clay and the crystalline Fe(III) forms, goethite and hematite. These results demonstrate that electron shuttling between Fe(III)‐reducing microorganisms and Fe(III) via humics not only accelerates the microbial reduction of poorly crystalline Fe(III) oxide, but also can facilitate the reduction of Fe(III) forms that are not typically reduced by microorganisms in the absence of humics. Addition of humic substances to enhance electron shuttling between Fe(III)‐reducing microorganisms and Fe(III) oxides may be a useful strategy to stimulate the remediation of soils and sediments contaminated with organic or metal pollutants.

","language":"English","publisher":"WIley","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1521-401X(199805)26:3<152::AID-AHEH152>3.0.CO;2-D","issn":"03234320","usgsCitation":"Lovley, D.R., Fraga, J., Blunt-Harris, E.L., Hayes, L., Phillips, E.J., and Coates, J., 1998, Humic substances as a mediator for microbially catalyzed metal reduction: Acta Hydrochimica et Hydrobiologica, v. 26, no. 3, p. 152-157, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1521-401X(199805)26:3<152::AID-AHEH152>3.0.CO;2-D.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"152","endPage":"157","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":206406,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1521-401X(199805)26:3<152::AID-AHEH152>3.0.CO;2-D"},{"id":229654,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a328ae4b0c8380cd5e8b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lovley, Derek R.","contributorId":107852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovley","given":"Derek","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fraga, J.L.","contributorId":61197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fraga","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blunt-Harris, E. L.","contributorId":63980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blunt-Harris","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hayes, L.A.","contributorId":96035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Phillips, Elizabeth J.P.","contributorId":37475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Elizabeth","middleInitial":"J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Coates, J.D.","contributorId":105451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coates","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70021092,"text":"70021092 - 1998 - Effects of a beaver pond on runoff processes: comparison of two headwater catchments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-16T11:13:42","indexId":"70021092","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of a beaver pond on runoff processes: comparison of two headwater catchments","docAbstract":"

Natural variations in concentrations of 18O, D, and H4SiO4 in two tributary catchments of Woods Lake in the west-central Adirondack Mountains of New York were measured during 1989–1991 to examine runoff processes and their implications for the neutralization of acidic precipitation by calcium carbonate treatment. The two catchments are similar except that one contained a 1.3 ha beaver pond. Evaporation from the beaver pond caused a seasonal decrease in the slope of the meteoric water line in stream water from the catchment with a beaver pond (WO2). No corresponding change in slope of the meteoric water line was evident in stream water from the other catchment (WO4), nor in ground water nor soil water from either catchment, indicating that evaporative fractionation was not significant. Application of a best-fit sine curve to δ18O data indicated that base flow in both catchments had a residence time of about 100 days. Ground water from a well finished in thick till had the longest residence time (160 days); soil water from the O-horizon and B-horizon had residence times of 63 and 80 days, respectively. Water previously stored within each catchment (pre-event water) was the predominant component of streamflow during spring snowmelt and during spring and autumn rainfall events, but the proportion of streamflow that consisted of pre-event water differed significantly in the two catchments. The proportion of event water (rain and snowmelt) in WO2 was smaller than at WO4 early in the spring snowmelt of March 13–17, 1990, but the proportions of source water components for the two catchments were almost indistinguishable by the peak flow on the third day of the melt. The event water was further separated into surface-water and subsurface-water components by utilizing measured changes in H4SiO4 concentrations in stream water during the snowmelt. Results indicated that subsurface flow was the dominant pathway by which event water reached the stream except during the peak flow of a rain-on-snow event on the last day of the melt. Streamflow from a spring rain storm with dry antecendent conditions two months later (May 16–18, 1990), was less than 5% event water at peak flow in WO2 and 26% in WO4. This change from the runoff pattern in March is attributed to retention of event water in the beaver pond favored by relatively low pre-event storage and isothermal (nonstratified) conditions in the pond that allowed mixing. Streamflow during several autumn storms was about 15–25% event water at peak flow in WO4; the highest values for event water were associated with wet antecedent moisture conditions. These results indicate that a beaver pond can significantly affect the downstream delivery of event water through evaporation and mixing, but provides minimal retention during large runoff events such as snowmelt. Beaver ponds are expected to provide greater opportunity for neutralization of acidic waters during most of the year in catchments treated with calcium carbonate, but little neutralization effect during snowmelt.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00081-X","usgsCitation":"Burns, D.A., and McDonnell, J.J., 1998, Effects of a beaver pond on runoff processes: comparison of two headwater catchments: Journal of Hydrology, v. 205, no. 3-4, p. 248-264, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00081-X.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"248","endPage":"264","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229893,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"205","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a066be4b0c8380cd5122c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869 daburns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":1237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas","email":"daburns@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":388624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDonnell, Jeffery J. 0000-0002-3880-3162","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3880-3162","contributorId":62723,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDonnell","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021369,"text":"70021369 - 1998 - Metal uptake by phytoplankton during a bloom in South San Francisco Bay: Implications for metal cycling in estuaries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-04T10:21:03","indexId":"70021369","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metal uptake by phytoplankton during a bloom in South San Francisco Bay: Implications for metal cycling in estuaries","docAbstract":"

The 1994 spring phytoplankton bloom in South San Francisco Bay caused substantial reductions in concentrations of dissolved Cd, Ni, and Zn, but not Cu. We estimate that the equivalent of ~60% of the total annual input of Cd, Ni, and Zn from local waste‐water treatment plants is cycled through the phytoplankton in South Bay. The results suggest that processes that affect phytoplankton bloom frequency or intensity in estuaries (e.g. nutrient enrichment) may also affect metal trapping. The bloom was characterized by hydrographic surveys conducted at weekly intervals for 9 weeks. Metal samples were collected from the water column on three occasions, timed to bracket the period when the bloom was predicted. Factors that might confound observations of biological influences, such as freshwater inputs, were relatively constant during the study. Before the bloom, concentrations of dissolved Cd were 0.81 ± 0.02 nmol kg−1, Zn concentrations were 19.8 ± 1.5 nmol kg−1, Ni were 42 ± 1.4 nmol kg−1, and Cu were 37 ± 1.4 nmol kg−1. These values are elevated relative to riverine and coastal end‐members, reflecting inputs from wastewater and(or) sediments. At the height of the bloom, dissolved Zn, Cd, and Ni were reduced to 19, 50, and 75% of their prebloom concentrations, respectively. Dissolved Cu concentrations increased 20%. The mass of Cd taken up by phytoplankton was similar to the mass of Cd removed from solution if particle settling was considered, and Cd concentrations estimated in phytoplankton were higher than concentrations in suspended particulate material (SPM). Particulate concentrations of Zn and Ni during the bloom appeared to be dominated by the influence of changes in resuspension of Zn and Ni‐rich sediments.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.4319/lo.1998.43.5.1007","issn":"00243590","usgsCitation":"Luoma, S., VanGeen, A., Lee, B., and Cloern, J., 1998, Metal uptake by phytoplankton during a bloom in South San Francisco Bay: Implications for metal cycling in estuaries: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 43, no. 5, p. 1007-1016, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1998.43.5.1007.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1007","endPage":"1016","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479753,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1998.43.5.1007","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230071,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"South San Francisco Bay","volume":"43","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5485e4b0c8380cd6cfd2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":86353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"VanGeen, A.","contributorId":84086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanGeen","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, B.-G.","contributorId":11777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"B.-G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cloern, J. E.","contributorId":59453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70021355,"text":"70021355 - 1998 - Diel variability of mercury phase and species distributions in the Florida Everglades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-01-30T10:36:15","indexId":"70021355","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diel variability of mercury phase and species distributions in the Florida Everglades","docAbstract":"Preliminary studies of mercury (Hg) cycling in the Everglades revealed that dissolved gaseous mercury (DGM), total mercury (Hg(T)), and reactive mercury (Hg(R)) show reproducible, diel trends. Peak water-column DGM concentrations were observed on or about noon, with a 3 to 7 fold increase over night-time concentrations. Production of DGM appears to cease during dark periods, with nearly constant water column concentrations that were at or near saturation with respect to the overlying air. A simple mass balance shows that the flux of Hg to the atmosphere from diel DGM production and evasion represents about 10% of the annual input from atmospheric deposition. Production of DGM is likely the result of an indirect photolysis reaction that involves the production of reductive species and/or reduction by electron transfer. Diel variability in Hg(T) and Hg(R) appears to be controlled by two factors: inputs from rainfall and photolytic sorption/desorption processes. A possible mechanism involves photolysis of chromophores on the surface of a solid substrate (e.g., the periphyton mat) giving rise to destabilization of sorbed mercury and net desorption during daylight. At night, the sorption reactions predominate and the water-column Hg(T) decreases. Methylmercury (MeHg) also showed diel trends in concentration but were not clearly linked to the solar cycle or rainfall at the study site.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1005938607225","issn":"01682563","usgsCitation":"Krabbenhoft, D., Hurley, J., Olson, M., and Cleckner, L., 1998, Diel variability of mercury phase and species distributions in the Florida Everglades: Biogeochemistry, v. 40, no. 2-3, p. 311-325, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005938607225.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"311","endPage":"325","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229789,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00c4e4b0c8380cd4f8ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krabbenhoft, D. P. 0000-0003-1964-5020","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":90765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"D. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hurley, J.P.","contributorId":97645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurley","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olson, M.L.","contributorId":21989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cleckner, L.B.","contributorId":29966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleckner","given":"L.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70021159,"text":"70021159 - 1998 - Seasonal and spatial patterns of nitrate and silica concentrations in Canajoharie Creek, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-29T11:16:27.636396","indexId":"70021159","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal and spatial patterns of nitrate and silica concentrations in Canajoharie Creek, New York","docAbstract":"

The impact of nonpoint-source pollution on surface waters in agricultural watersheds is an emerging environmental issue. As part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment program in the Hudson River Basin, Canajoharie Creek was monitored for seasonal and spatial patterns of nutrient chemistry from March 1993 to January 1996. Nitrate and silica concentrations in Canajoharie Creek suggest that seasonal and spatial variations of these nutrients are dominated by biological processes, particularly uptake by phytoplankton. Observed concentration patterns were more typical of those observed in much larger, low-gradient streams. The median nitrate and silica concentrations in Canajoharie Creek were significantly lower from April through November than during winter. Concentrations of both constituents declined downstream from the headwaters during base-flow conditions in June 1995. Groundwater and surface water chemistry data support biological causes for downstream decreases in silica. The strong correlation between nitrate and silica in samples collected along the mainstem suggests that most of the nitrate decrease is due to uptake by diatoms. Downstream patterns of chlorophyll-a in phytoplankton strongly suggest the conversion of in-stream nutrients to algal biomass. Data collected from Canajoharie Creek outlet during the northeast drought of 1995 indicate that silica concentrations in May had possibly declined to a level that adversely affected the diatom community. This decline in the diatom population and subsequent resurgence is inferred from a sharp rise in silica concentrations between May and July and a reversal of this trend from mid-July through October without associated changes in hydrology.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2134/jeq1998.00472425002700020019x","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Wall, G.R., Phillips, P.J., and Riva-Murray, K., 1998, Seasonal and spatial patterns of nitrate and silica concentrations in Canajoharie Creek, New York: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 27, no. 2, p. 381-389, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1998.00472425002700020019x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"381","endPage":"389","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229661,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8878e4b08c986b3169b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wall, G. R.","contributorId":93652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wall","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, P. J.","contributorId":31728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Riva-Murray, K.","contributorId":82481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riva-Murray","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020050,"text":"70020050 - 1998 - Bacterial methylmercury degradation in Florida Everglades peat sediment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-04T09:30:05","indexId":"70020050","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bacterial methylmercury degradation in Florida Everglades peat sediment","docAbstract":"

Methylmercury (MeHg) degradation was investigated along an eutrophication gradient in the Florida Everglades by quantifying 14CH4 and 14CO2 production after incubation of anaerobic sediments with [14C]MeHg. Degradation rate constants (k) were consistently ≤0.1 d-1 and decreased with sediment depth. Higher k values were observed when shorter incubation times and lower MeHg amendment levels were used, and k increased 2-fold as in-situ MeHg concentrations were approached. The average floc layer k was 0.046 ± 0.023 d-1 (n = 17) for 1−2 day incubations. In-situ degradation rates were estimated to be 0.02−0.5 ng of MeHg (g of dry sediment)-1 d-1, increasing from eutrophied to pristine areas. Nitrate-respiring bacteria did not demethylate MeHg, and NO3- addition partially inhibited degradation in some cases. MeHg degradation rates were not affected by PO43- addition. 14CO2 production in all samples indicated that oxidative demethylation (OD) was an important degradation mechanism. OD occurred over 5 orders of magnitude of applied MeHg concentration, with lowest limits [1−18 ng of MeHg (g of dry sediment)-1] in the range of in-situ MeHg levels. Sulfate reducers and methanogens were the primary agents of anaerobic OD, although it is suggested that methanogens dominate degradation at in-situ MeHg concentrations. Specific pathways of OD by these two microbial groups are proposed.

","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es971099l","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Marvin-DiPasquale, M., and Oremland, R., 1998, Bacterial methylmercury degradation in Florida Everglades peat sediment: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 32, no. 17, p. 2556-2563, https://doi.org/10.1021/es971099l.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2556","endPage":"2563","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227863,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206013,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es971099l"}],"country":"United State","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","volume":"32","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059efa3e4b0c8380cd4a378","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marvin-DiPasquale, M. C.","contributorId":6605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin-DiPasquale","given":"M. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oremland, R.S.","contributorId":97512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020624,"text":"70020624 - 1998 - Size-selective predation on groundwater bacteria by nanoflagellates in an organic-contaminated aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-12T20:19:48.917401","indexId":"70020624","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Size-selective predation on groundwater bacteria by nanoflagellates in an organic-contaminated aquifer","docAbstract":"

Time series incubations were conducted to provide estimates for the size selectivities and rates of protistan grazing that may be occurring in a sandy, contaminated aquifer. The experiments involved four size classes of fluorescently labeled groundwater bacteria (FLB) and 2- to 3-μm-long nanoflagellates, primarily Spumella guttula(Ehrenberg) Kent, that were isolated from contaminated aquifer sediments (Cape Cod, Mass.). The greatest uptake and clearance rates (0.77 bacteria · flagellate−1 · h−1 and 1.4 nl · flagellate−1 · h−1, respectively) were observed for 0.8- to 1.5-μm-long FLB (0.21-μm3 average cell volume), which represent the fastest growing bacteria within the pore fluids of the contaminated aquifer sediments. The 19:1 to 67:1 volume ratios of nanoflagellate predators to preferred bacterial prey were in the lower end of the range commonly reported for other aquatic habitats. The grazing data suggest that the aquifer nanoflagellates can consume as much as 12 to 74% of the unattached bacterial community in 1 day and are likely to have a substantive effect upon bacterial degradation of organic groundwater contaminants.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/AEM.64.2.618-625.1998","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Kinner, N., Harvey, R., Blakeslee, K., Novarino, G., and Meeker, L., 1998, Size-selective predation on groundwater bacteria by nanoflagellates in an organic-contaminated aquifer: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 64, no. 2, p. 618-625, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.64.2.618-625.1998.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"618","endPage":"625","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479735,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.2.618-625.1998","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231231,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.03301026550015,\n 41.7957097959484\n ],\n [\n -69.95061280456272,\n 41.75679267514474\n ],\n [\n -69.92864014831314,\n 41.77318170951847\n ],\n [\n -69.93962647643826,\n 41.84688055230694\n ],\n [\n -69.98906495300034,\n 41.96237579812356\n ],\n [\n -70.03026368346904,\n 42.0287164485388\n ],\n [\n -70.09480836120396,\n 42.07052651995994\n ],\n [\n -70.19780518737576,\n 42.08683518005401\n ],\n [\n -70.23625733581272,\n 42.08275840796853\n ],\n [\n -70.25548341003184,\n 42.066448700052234\n ],\n [\n -70.2101648065161,\n 42.01137249492092\n ],\n [\n -70.17857911315663,\n 42.01137249492092\n ],\n [\n -70.15660645690703,\n 42.02973653378322\n ],\n [\n -70.15660645690703,\n 42.0511545424755\n ],\n [\n -70.10579468932838,\n 42.02973653378322\n ],\n [\n -70.08931519714105,\n 41.9878996165227\n ],\n [\n -70.08794190612514,\n 41.89187698933313\n ],\n [\n -70.01653077331282,\n 41.86631471733489\n ],\n [\n -70.0124109002658,\n 41.81311244109344\n ],\n [\n -70.03301026550015,\n 41.7957097959484\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"64","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9121e4b08c986b31977d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kinner, N.E.","contributorId":29583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinner","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harvey, R.W. 0000-0002-2791-8503","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":11757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blakeslee, K.","contributorId":14600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakeslee","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Novarino, G.","contributorId":82471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Novarino","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meeker, L.D.","contributorId":74538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meeker","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70020616,"text":"70020616 - 1998 - Hydrologic and water-chemistry data from the Cretaceous-aquifers test well (BFT-2055), Beaufort County, South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-30T10:21:11","indexId":"70020616","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3443,"text":"Southeastern Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic and water-chemistry data from the Cretaceous-aquifers test well (BFT-2055), Beaufort County, South Carolina","docAbstract":"Test well BFT-2055 was drilled through the entire thickness of Coastal Plain sediments beneath central Hilton Head Island, South Carolina, and terminated in bedrock at a depth of 3833 feet. The well was drilled to evaluate the hydraulic properties of the Cretaceous formations beneath Hilton Head Island as a potential source of supplemental water to supplies currently withdrawn from the Upper Floridan aquifer. The intervals tested include sediments of the Cape Fear and Middendorf Formations. Results from aquifer tests indicate that the transmissivity of the formations screened ranges from 1300 to 3000 feet squared per day and an average hydraulic conductivity of about 15 feet per day. Formation-fluid pressure tests indicate that the potential exists for upward ground-water flow from higher fluid pressures in the deeper Cape Fear and Middendorf Formations to lower fluid pressures in the Black Creek Formation and shallower units. A flowmeter test indicated that greater than 75 percent of the natural, unpumped flow in the well is from the screened intervals no deeper than 3100 feet. Water-chemistry analyses indicate that the water sampled from the Middendorf and Cape Fear has about 1450 milligrams per liter dissolved solids, 310 to 1000 milligrams per liter sodium, and 144 to 1600 milligrams per liter chloride. Because these chloride concentrations would render water pumped from these aquifers as nonpotable, it is unlikely that these aquifers will be used as a supplemental source of water for island residents without some form of pretreatment. Similar chloride concentrations are present in some wells in the Upper Floridan aquifer adjacent to Port Royal Sound, and these chloride concentrations were the primary reason for drilling the test well in the Cretaceous formations as a possible source of more potable water.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southeastern Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00383678","usgsCitation":"Landmeyer, J., and Bradley, P., 1998, Hydrologic and water-chemistry data from the Cretaceous-aquifers test well (BFT-2055), Beaufort County, South Carolina: Southeastern Geology, v. 37, no. 3, p. 141-148.","startPage":"141","endPage":"148","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231108,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","county":"Beaufort County","volume":"37","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a355de4b0c8380cd5fe61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landmeyer, J. E.","contributorId":91140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landmeyer","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradley, P. M. 0000-0001-7522-8606","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":29465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020580,"text":"70020580 - 1998 - Plant taphonomy in incised valleys: Implications for interpreting paleoclimate from fossil plants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-12T14:50:18.73407","indexId":"70020580","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plant taphonomy in incised valleys: Implications for interpreting paleoclimate from fossil plants","docAbstract":"

Paleoclimatic interpretations of the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation (Colorado Plateau) based on plants conflict with those based on the sedimentary rocks. The plants are suggestive of a humid, equable climate, whereas the rocks are more consistent with deposition under highly seasonal precipitation and ground-water conditions. Fossil plant assemblages are limited to the lower members of the Chinle Formation, which were deposited within incised valleys that were cut into underlying Lower to Middle Triassic and older rocks. In contrast, the upper members of the formation, which were deposited across the fluvial plain after the incised valleys were filled, have few preserved fossil plants. The taphonomic characteristics of the plant fossil assemblages, within the stratigraphic and hydrologic context of the incised valley-fill sequence, explain the vertical and lateral distribution of these assemblages. The depositional, hydrological, and near-surface geochemical conditions were more conducive to preservation of the plants. Fossil plant assemblages in fully terrestrial incised-valley fills should be taphonomically biased toward riparian wetland environments. If those assemblages are used to interpret paleoclimate, the paleoclimatic interpretations will also be biased. The bias may be particularly strong in climates such as those during deposition of the Chinle Formation, when the riparian wetlands may reflect local hydrologic conditions rather than regional climate, and should be taken into account when using these types of plant assemblages in paleoclimatic interpretations.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1998)026<1119:PTIIVI>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Demko, T., Dubiel, R.F., and Parrish, J.T., 1998, Plant taphonomy in incised valleys: Implications for interpreting paleoclimate from fossil plants: Geology, v. 26, no. 12, p. 1119-1122, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1998)026<1119:PTIIVI>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1119","endPage":"1122","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231067,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7c00e4b0c8380cd7973a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Demko, T.M.","contributorId":91999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demko","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dubiel, R. F. 0000-0002-1280-0350","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1280-0350","contributorId":41820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dubiel","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parrish, Judith T.","contributorId":83945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrish","given":"Judith","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":386758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020579,"text":"70020579 - 1998 - Changes in production and respiration during a spring phytoplankton bloom in San Francisco Bay, California, USA: Implications for net ecosystem metabolism","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-01T06:52:35","indexId":"70020579","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in production and respiration during a spring phytoplankton bloom in San Francisco Bay, California, USA: Implications for net ecosystem metabolism","docAbstract":"

We present results of an intensive sampling program designed to measure weekly changes in ecosystem respiration (oxygen consumption in the water column and sediments) around the 1996 spring bloom in South San Francisco Bay, California, USA. Measurements were made at a shallow site (2 m, where mean photic depth was 60% of the water column height) and a deep site (15 m, mean photic depth was only 20% of the water column). We also estimated phytoplankton primary production weekly at both sites to develop estimates of net oxygen flux as the sum of pelagic production (PP), pelagic respiration (PR) and benthic respiration (BR). Over the 14 wk period from February 5 to May 14, PP ranged from 2 to 210, PR from 9 to 289, and BR from 0.1 to 48 mmol O2 m-2 d-1, illustrating large variability of estuarine oxygen fluxes at the weekly time scale. Pelagic production exceeded total respiration at the shallow site, but not at the deep site, demonstrating that the shallow domains are net autotrophic but the deep domains are net heterotrophic, even during the period of the spring bloom. If we take into account the potential primary production by benthic microalgae, the estuary as a whole is net autotrophic during spring, net heterotrophic during the nonbloom seasons, and has a balanced net metabolism over a full annual period. The seasonal shift from net autotrophy to heterotrophy during the transition from spring to summer was accompanied by a large shift from dominance by pelagic respiration to dominance by benthic respiration. This suggests that changes in net ecosystem metabolism can reflect changes in the pathways of energy flow in shallow coastal ecosystems.

","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/meps172001","issn":"01718630","usgsCitation":"Caffrey, J., Cloern, J., and Grenz, C., 1998, Changes in production and respiration during a spring phytoplankton bloom in San Francisco Bay, California, USA: Implications for net ecosystem metabolism: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 172, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps172001.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479869,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps172001","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231031,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266006,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps172001"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","volume":"172","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f420e4b0c8380cd4bb68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caffrey, J.M.","contributorId":98750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caffrey","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cloern, J. E.","contributorId":59453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grenz, C.","contributorId":40753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grenz","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020545,"text":"70020545 - 1998 - Winter fluxes of CO2 and CH4 from subalpine soils in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-30T21:03:32","indexId":"70020545","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1836,"text":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Winter fluxes of CO2 and CH4 from subalpine soils in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado","docAbstract":"

Fluxes of CO2 and CH4 through a seasonal snowpack were measured in and adjacent to a subalpine wetland in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado. Gas diffusion through the snow was controlled by gas production or consumption in the soil and by physical snowpack properties. The snowpack insulated soils from cold midwinter air temperatures allowing microbial activity to continue through the winter. All soil types studied were net sources of CO2 to the atmosphere through the winter, whereas saturated soils in the wetland center were net emitters of CH4 and soils adjacent to the wetland were net CH4 consumers. Most sites showed similar temporal patterns in winter gas fluxes; the lowest fluxes occurred in early winter, and maximum fluxes occurred at the onset of snowmelt. Temporal changes in fluxes probably were related to changes in soil-moisture conditions and hydrology because soil temperatures were relatively constant under the snowpack. Average winter CO2 fluxes were 42.3, 31.2, and 14.6 mmol m−2 d−1 over dry, moist, and saturated soils, respectively, which accounted for 8 to 23% of the gross annual CO2emissions from these soils. Average winter CH4 fluxes were −0.016, 0.274, and 2.87 mmol m−2 d−1over dry, moist, and saturated soils, respectively. Microbial activity under snow cover accounted for 12% of the annual CH4 consumption in dry soils and 58 and 12% of the annual CH4 emitted from moist and saturated soils, respectively. The observed ranges in CO2 and CH4 flux through snow indicated that winter fluxes are an important part of the annual carbon budget in seasonally snow-covered terrains.

","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1029/98GB02313","issn":"08866236","usgsCitation":"Mast, M.A., Wickland, K.P., Striegl, R.G., and Clow, D.W., 1998, Winter fluxes of CO2 and CH4 from subalpine soils in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 12, no. 4, p. 607-620, https://doi.org/10.1029/98GB02313.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"607","endPage":"620","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487315,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/98gb02313","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231105,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd14ee4b08c986b32f356","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mast, M. Alisa 0000-0001-6253-8162 mamast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6253-8162","contributorId":827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"M.","email":"mamast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Alisa","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":386633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wickland, Kimberly P. 0000-0002-6400-0590 kpwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6400-0590","contributorId":1835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wickland","given":"Kimberly","email":"kpwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":386631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":386634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clow, David W. 0000-0001-6183-4824 dwclow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6183-4824","contributorId":1671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"David","email":"dwclow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":386632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}