No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr93684","usgsCitation":"Pampeyan, E.H., 1995, Maps showing recently active fault breaks along the San Andreas Fault from Mussel Rock to the central Santa Cruz Mountains, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-684, Report: 14 p.; 6 Plates: 24.08 x 30.16 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93684.","productDescription":"Report: 14 p.; 6 Plates: 24.08 x 30.16 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154532,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0684/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49925,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0684/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":49923,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0684/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":49924,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0684/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":49919,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0684/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":49920,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0684/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":49921,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0684/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":49922,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0684/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":465366,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12796.htm","text":"San Andreas fault from Mussel Rock to the central Santa Cruz Mountains","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":465367,"rank":10,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18877.htm","text":"South San Francisco quadrangle","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":465368,"rank":11,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18878.htm","text":"Montara Mountain quadrangle","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":465369,"rank":12,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18880.htm","text":"Woodside quadrangle","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":465370,"rank":13,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18881.htm","text":"Palo Alto quadrangle","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":465371,"rank":14,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18882.htm","text":"Mindego Hill quadrangle","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas fault from Mussel Rock to the central Santa Cruz Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.5,\n 37.75\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 37.25\n ],\n [\n -122.125,\n 37.25\n ],\n [\n -122.125,\n 37.75\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 37.75\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605e1c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pampeyan, Earl Haig","contributorId":52974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pampeyan","given":"Earl","email":"","middleInitial":"Haig","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":19839,"text":"ofr95167 - 1995 - Hydrologic conditions, habitat characteristics, and occurrence of fishes in the Apalachicola River floodplain, Florida; second annual report of progress, October 1993-September 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:41","indexId":"ofr95167","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-167","title":"Hydrologic conditions, habitat characteristics, and occurrence of fishes in the Apalachicola River floodplain, Florida; second annual report of progress, October 1993-September 1994","docAbstract":"This report describes progress and interim results of the second year of a 4-year study. The purpose of the 4-year study is to describe aquatic habitat types in the Apalachicola River floodplain and quantify the amount of habitat inundated by the river at various stages. Final results will be used to determine possible effects of altered flows on floodplain habitats and their associated fish communities. The study is being conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Northwest Florida Water Management District as part of a comprehensive study of water needs throughout two large river basins in Florida, Georgia, and Alabama. By the end of the second year, approxi- mately 80 to 90 percent of field data collection was completed. Water levels at 56 floodplain and main channel locations at study sites were read numerous times during low water and once or twice during high water. Rating curves estimating the relationship between stage at a floodplain site and flow of the Apalachicola River at Chattahoochee are presented for 3 sites in the upper river. Elevation, substrate type, and amount of vegetative structure were described at 27 cross sections representing eight different floodplain tributary types at upper, middle, and lower river study sites. A summary of substrate and structure information from all cross sections is presented. Substrate and structure characteristics of floodplain habitats inundated when river flow was at record low flow, mean annual low flow, and mean flow are described for 3 cross sections in the upper river. Digital coverage of high-altitude infra-red aerial photography was processed for use in a Geographic Information System which will be used to map aquatic habitats in the third year of the study. A summary of the literature on fish utilization of floodplain habitats is described. Eighty-one percent of the species collected in the main channel of the Apalachicola River are known to occur in floodplain habitats of eastern rivers.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S.G.S. Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95167","usgsCitation":"Light, H.M., Darst, M.R., and Grubbs, J.W., 1995, Hydrologic conditions, habitat characteristics, and occurrence of fishes in the Apalachicola River floodplain, Florida; second annual report of progress, October 1993-September 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-167, iv, 33 p. ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95167.","productDescription":"iv, 33 p. ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153450,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0167/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49322,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0167/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db60fe7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Light, Helen M.","contributorId":18355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Light","given":"Helen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Darst, Melanie R.","contributorId":93042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darst","given":"Melanie","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grubbs, J. W.","contributorId":77139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grubbs","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":26391,"text":"wri874136 - 1995 - A feasibility study to estimate minimum surface-casing depths of oil and gas wells to prevent ground-water contamination in four areas of western Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-08T21:24:50.516375","indexId":"wri874136","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4136","title":"A feasibility study to estimate minimum surface-casing depths of oil and gas wells to prevent ground-water contamination in four areas of western Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Hydrologic data were evaluated from four areas of western Pennsylvania to estimate the minimum depth of well surface casing needed to prevent contamination of most of the fresh gr6unct-water resources by oil and gas wells. The areas are representative of the different types of oil and gas activities and of the ground-water hydrology of most sections of the Appalachian Plateaus Physiographic Province in western Pennsylvania. Approximate delineation of the base of the fresh ground-water system was attempted by interpreting the following hydrologic data: (1) reports of freshwater and saltwater in oil and gas well-completion reports; (2) water well-completion reports, (3) geophysical logs; and (4) chemical analyses of well water.
Because of the poor quality and scarcity of ground-water data, the altitude of the base of the fresh ground-water system in the four study areas cannot be accurately delineated. Consequently, minimum surface-casing depths for oil and gas wells cannot be estimated with confidence. Conscientious and reliable reporting of freshwater and saltwater during drilling of oil and gas wells would expand the existing data base. Reporting of field specific conductance of ground water would greatly enhance the value of the reports of ground water in oil and gas well-completion records.
Water-bearing zones in bedrock are controlled mostly by the presence of secondary openings. The vertical and horizontal discontinuity of secondary openings may be responsible, in part, for large differences in altitudes of freshwater zones noted on completion records of adjacent oil and gas wells. In upland and hilltop topographies, maximum depths of fresh ground water are reported from several hundred feet below land surface to slightly more than 1,000 feet, but the few deep reports are not substantiated by results of laboratory analyses of dissolved-solids concentrations.
Past and present drillers for shallow oil and gas wells commonly install surface casing to below the base of readily observed fresh ground water. Casing depths are selected generally to maximize drilling efficiency and to stop freshwater from entering the well and subsequently interfering with hydrocarbon recovery . The depths of surface casing generally are not selected with ground-water protection in mind. However, on the basis of existing hydrologic data, most freshwater aquifers generally are protected with current casing depths. Minimum surface-casing depths for deep gas wells are prescribed by Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources regulations and appear to be adequate to prevent ground-water contamination, in most respects, for the only study area with deep gas fields examined in Crawford County.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri874136","usgsCitation":"Buckwalter, T.F., and Squillace, P.J., 1995, A feasibility study to estimate minimum surface-casing depths of oil and gas wells to prevent ground-water contamination in four areas of western Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4136, Report: vi, 55 p.; 1 Plate: 28.68 × 25.40 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874136.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 55 p.; 1 Plate: 28.68 × 25.40 inches","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123853,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_87_4136.bmp"},{"id":55185,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4136/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":14548,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4136/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":394119,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4136/pdf/wri874136.pdf"},{"id":394118,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46800.htm","text":"Geneva quadrangle","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":465907,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46801.htm","text":"Hazen & Reynoldsville quadrangles","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":465908,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46802.htm","text":"Pittsburgh East quadrangle","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":465909,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46803.htm","text":"Warren quadrangle","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.2,\n 41.5\n ],\n [\n -80.1167,\n 41.5\n ],\n [\n -80.1167,\n 41.625\n ],\n [\n -80.2,\n 41.625\n ],\n [\n -80.2,\n 41.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aed0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buckwalter, T. F.","contributorId":58671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckwalter","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Squillace, P. J.","contributorId":8878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squillace","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":31749,"text":"ofr9539 - 1995 - Geology, geochemistry, and resource potential of carbonate rocks in the San Bernardino National Forest, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:04","indexId":"ofr9539","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-39","title":"Geology, geochemistry, and resource potential of carbonate rocks in the San Bernardino National Forest, California","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr9539","usgsCitation":"Calzia, J., Matti, J.C., and Gantenbein, M., 1995, Geology, geochemistry, and resource potential of carbonate rocks in the San Bernardino National Forest, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-39, 38 p., 2 over-size sheets, scale 1:100,000 (1 inch = about 1.6 miles). , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9539.","productDescription":"38 p., 2 over-size sheets, scale 1:100,000 (1 inch = about 1.6 miles). ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":109041,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_19349.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"19349"},{"id":160397,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0039/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59966,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0039/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"100000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c660","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Calzia, J.P.","contributorId":58614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calzia","given":"J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Matti, J. C.","contributorId":51712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matti","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gantenbein, M.E.","contributorId":91151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gantenbein","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70185372,"text":"70185372 - 1995 - Methane production and consumption monitored by stable H and C isotope ratios at a crude oil spill site, Bemidji, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-21T12:26:52","indexId":"70185372","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methane production and consumption monitored by stable H and C isotope ratios at a crude oil spill site, Bemidji, Minnesota","docAbstract":"Stable isotopic ratios of C and H in dissolved CH4 and C in dissolved inorganic C in the ground water of a crude-oil spill near Bemidji, Minnesota, support the concept of CH4production by acetate fermentation with a contemporaneous increase in HCO3−concentration. Methane concentrations in the saturated zone decrease from 20.6 mg L−1 to less than 0.001 mg L−1 along the investigated flow path. Dissolved N2 and Ar concentrations in the ground water below the oil plume are 25 times lower than background; this suggests that gas exsolution is removing dissolved CH4 (along with other dissolved gases) from the ground water. Oxidation of dissolved CH4 along the flow path seems to be minimal because no measurable change in isotopic composition of CH4 occurs with distance from the oil body. However, CH4 is partly oxidized to CO2 as it diffuses upward from the ground water through a 5- to 7-m thick unsaturated zone; theδ13C of the remaining CH4 increases, theδ13C of the CO2 decreases, and the partial pressure of CO2 increases.
Calculations of C fluxes in the saturated and unsaturated zones originating from the degradation of the oil plume lead to a minimum estimated life expectancy of 110 years. This is a minimum estimate because the degradation of the oil body should slow down with time as its more volatile and reactive components are leached out and preferentially oxidized. The calculated life expectancy is an order of magnitude estimate because of the uncertainty in the average linear ground-water velocities and because of the factor of 2 uncertainty in the calculation of the effective CO2 diffusion coefficient.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0883-2927(95)00021-6","usgsCitation":"Revesz, K., Coplen, T.B., Baedecker, M.J., and Glynn, P.D., 1995, Methane production and consumption monitored by stable H and C isotope ratios at a crude oil spill site, Bemidji, Minnesota: Applied Geochemistry, v. 10, no. 5, p. 505-516, https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(95)00021-6.","productDescription":"12 p. ","startPage":"505","endPage":"516","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337933,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Bemidji ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.07499694824219,\n 47.34952381511167\n ],\n [\n -94.62455749511719,\n 47.34952381511167\n ],\n [\n -94.62455749511719,\n 47.5996813120644\n ],\n [\n -95.07499694824219,\n 47.5996813120644\n ],\n [\n -95.07499694824219,\n 47.34952381511167\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d23b93e4b0236b68f82914","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Revesz, Kinga","contributorId":64285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Revesz","given":"Kinga","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coplen, Tyler B. 0000-0003-4884-6008 tbcoplen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4884-6008","contributorId":508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"Tyler","email":"tbcoplen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baedecker, Mary J.","contributorId":189605,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baedecker","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Glynn, Pierre D. 0000-0001-8804-7003 pglynn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8804-7003","contributorId":2141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glynn","given":"Pierre","email":"pglynn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":26289,"text":"wri944165 - 1995 - Application of surface geophysical techniques in a study of the geomorphology of the lower Copper River, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:17","indexId":"wri944165","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4165","title":"Application of surface geophysical techniques in a study of the geomorphology of the lower Copper River, Alaska","docAbstract":"As part of a geomorphology study of the lower Copper River, three surface geophysical techniques were tested for their ability to detect infilled scour holes at bridge piers, old river channels, and subbottom deposits in a glacier-formed lake. The methods were (1) ground-penetrating radar, (2) continuous seismic reflection using a color fathometer, and (3) continuous seismic reflection using a tuned transducer. In water depths less than 20 feet, ground-penetrating radar detected infilled scour holes at bridge piers and old river channels on land. Continuous seismic reflection using a tuned transducer was effective in water and detected infilled scour holes at bridge piers and subbottom deposits in a glacier lake. The color fathometer was useful in determining depths of water but was not able to penetrate the subbottom.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944165","usgsCitation":"Brabets, T.P., 1995, Application of surface geophysical techniques in a study of the geomorphology of the lower Copper River, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4165, iv, 47 p. :ill. (some col.), maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944165.","productDescription":"iv, 47 p. :ill. (some col.), maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122774,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4165/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55097,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4165/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a7d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brabets, T. P.","contributorId":103289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabets","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25740,"text":"wri944057 - 1995 - Reconnaissance of ground-water quality in the North Platte Natural Resources District, western Nebraska, June-July 1991","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:14","indexId":"wri944057","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4057","title":"Reconnaissance of ground-water quality in the North Platte Natural Resources District, western Nebraska, June-July 1991","docAbstract":"One-hundred twenty wells completed in unconfined Quaternary alluvial, Ogallala, Arikaree, Brule fractured, sand and confined Chadron and undifferentiated Cretaceous water-bearing units were sampled in June and July 1991 to characterize the quality of ground water in the study area. More than 75 percent of the water samples had nitrate and nitrite as nitrogen concentrations equal to or less than 6.0 milligrams per liter. Samples from six wells completed in Quaternary alluvial and Brule fractured water-bearing units exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Maximum Contaminant Level of 10 milligrams per liter nitrate and nitrite as nitrogen. Water from several wells completed in Quaternary alluvial and the Brule water-bearing units had detectable concentrations of alachlor, atrazine, deethylatrazine, or prometon. Major element concentrations in water from 44 wells indicated that the water-bearing units had distinct chemistry. Water from unconfined water- bearing units generally was a calcium bicarbonate type and water from the confined water-bearing units generally was a sodium bicarbonate type. Measurements of pH and concentrations of dissolved solids, sulfate, chloride, fluoride, arsenic, beryllium, manganese, adjusted gross alpha activities, radon, and uranium in ground water exceeded final or proposed U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Maximum Contaminant Levels or Secondary Maximum Contaminant Levels.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S.G.S. Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944057","usgsCitation":"Verstraeten, I., Sibray, S., Cannia, J.C., and Tanner, D.Q., 1995, Reconnaissance of ground-water quality in the North Platte Natural Resources District, western Nebraska, June-July 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4057, vi, 114 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944057.","productDescription":"vi, 114 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156924,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4057/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54502,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4057/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db625003","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verstraeten, Ingrid M.","contributorId":61033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verstraeten","given":"Ingrid M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sibray, S. S.","contributorId":63048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sibray","given":"S. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cannia, J. C.","contributorId":105258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannia","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tanner, D. Q.","contributorId":73224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanner","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Q.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":2438,"text":"wsp2429 - 1995 - Channel change on the Santa Cruz River, Pima County, Arizona, 1936-86","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:30","indexId":"wsp2429","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2429","title":"Channel change on the Santa Cruz River, Pima County, Arizona, 1936-86","docAbstract":"The Santa Cruz River in southeastern Arizona has a long history of channel instability. Since the late 19th century, lateral channel erosion has caused extensive property damage, particularly in Pima County. The dominant mechanism of channel change in a reach depends on channel morphology and flood magnitude. The timing and magnitude of channel change are controlled primarily by hydroclimatic factors. The location of change is controlled largely by topographic, geologic, hydraulic, and artificial factors.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ;\r\nFor sale by the U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2429","usgsCitation":"Parker, J.T., 1995, Channel change on the Santa Cruz River, Pima County, Arizona, 1936-86: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2429, v, 58 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2429.","productDescription":"v, 58 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138621,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2429/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28508,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2429/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e4e4b07f02db5e63fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parker, John T.","contributorId":97886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":18783,"text":"ofr94318 - 1995 - Preliminary digital geologic maps of the Mariposa, Kingman, Trona, and Death Valley Sheets, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:35","indexId":"ofr94318","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-318","title":"Preliminary digital geologic maps of the Mariposa, Kingman, Trona, and Death Valley Sheets, California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr94318","usgsCitation":"D’Agnese, F.A., Faunt, C., and Turner, A.K., 1995, Preliminary digital geologic maps of the Mariposa, Kingman, Trona, and Death Valley Sheets, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-318, iii, 19 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94318.","productDescription":"iii, 19 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152486,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0318/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48154,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0318/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c4cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"D’Agnese, Frank A.","contributorId":47810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D’Agnese","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Faunt, Claudia C. 0000-0001-5659-7529 ccfaunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5659-7529","contributorId":1491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faunt","given":"Claudia C.","email":"ccfaunt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":179737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Turner, A. Keith","contributorId":39400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Keith","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":31751,"text":"ofr95115 - 1995 - Potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer in the St. Johns River Water Management District and vicinity, Florida, September 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-21T18:50:20.299836","indexId":"ofr95115","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-115","title":"Potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer in the St. Johns River Water Management District and vicinity, Florida, September 1994","docAbstract":"This map depicts the potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer in the St. Johns River Water Management District and vicinity for September 1994. The map is based on water-level measurements made at more than 900 wells and springs. Ninety-two new wells were added to the September 1994 map--42 in southern Georgia and 50 in Florida. Data on the map were contoured using 5-foot contour intervals in most areas. The potentiometric surface of this karstic aquifer generally reflects land surface topography. Potentiometric-surface highs often correspond to topographic highs, which are areas of surficial recharge to the Upper Floridan aquifer. Springs within topographic lows along with areas of more diffuse upward leakage are natural zones of discharge. Municipal, agricultural, and industrial withdrawals have lowered the potentiometric surface in some areas. The potentiometric surface ranged from 131 feet above sea lvel in Polk County to 86 feet below sea level in southern Georgia near the St. Marys River. With the additon of new wells in southern Georgia, water level data now indicate two distinct depressions at industrial well fields near the St. Marys River in southern Georgia and eastern Nassau County where previously there was only one depression indicated. Water levels measured in September 1994 generally were about 0 to 4 feet higher than those measured in September 1993, except in Seminole County, where increases of 1 to 7 feet above September 1993 levels were recorded at most wells. Generally, September 1994 water levels were 1 to to 5 feet higher than levels in May 1994 except in Union, Gradford, Alachua, Levy, and western Marion Counties where levels remained nearly unchanged, and in Seminole and northwestern Orange Counties where water levels generally were 3 to 12 feet higher than levels in May 1994.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95115","usgsCitation":"Knowles, L., 1995, Potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer in the St. Johns River Water Management District and vicinity, Florida, September 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-115, 1 Plate: 30.00 × 50.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95115.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 30.00 × 50.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160176,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":390756,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18401.htm"},{"id":19545,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0115/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Upper Floridan aquifer in the St. Johns River Water Management District and vicinity","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83,\n 26.5\n ],\n [\n -80,\n 26.5\n ],\n [\n -80,\n 31\n ],\n [\n -83,\n 31\n ],\n [\n -83,\n 26.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db682dfa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knowles, Leel","contributorId":62252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knowles","given":"Leel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70246310,"text":"70246310 - 1995 - Teleseismic tomography of the Loma Prieta Earthquake Region, California: Implications for strain partitioning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-30T17:24:44.480017","indexId":"70246310","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-15T12:15:56","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Teleseismic tomography of the Loma Prieta Earthquake Region, California: Implications for strain partitioning","docAbstract":"From teleseismic travel times we derive three-dimensional velocity models of the upper 71 km in the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake region, central California. Shallow crustal structure is consistent with local-earthquake tomography. Horizontal velocity gradients at all depths suggest that the San Andreas fault was a deep shear locus, at least at one time. A large low-velocity feature near the Moho beneath Loma Prieta probably is caused by a crustal root. Two low-velocity features at about 45–70 km depth are offset right-laterally along the San Andreas by about 45 km. Cooling of this portion of the upper mantle [Furlong et al., 1989] could have frozen in displacements in this region within a few million years after passage of the Mendocino Triple Junction. These results are consistent with Furlong et al.'s model.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/95GL01601","usgsCitation":"Takauchi, Y., and Evans, J.R., 1995, Teleseismic tomography of the Loma Prieta Earthquake Region, California: Implications for strain partitioning: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 22, no. 16, p. 2203-2206, https://doi.org/10.1029/95GL01601.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"2203","endPage":"2206","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":418660,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.37937587396601,\n 38.26107361339473\n ],\n [\n -123.37937587396601,\n 36.3520641025833\n ],\n [\n -120.05804415719149,\n 36.3520641025833\n ],\n [\n -120.05804415719149,\n 38.26107361339473\n ],\n [\n -123.37937587396601,\n 38.26107361339473\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Takauchi, Y.","contributorId":315546,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Takauchi","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":876779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, John R. jrevans@usgs.gov","contributorId":529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"John","email":"jrevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":876780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70019070,"text":"70019070 - 1995 - High-3He plume origin and temporal-spatial evolution of the Siberian flood basalts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-12T16:19:45.616606","indexId":"70019070","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-3He plume origin and temporal-spatial evolution of the Siberian flood basalts","docAbstract":"An olivine nephelinite from the lower part of a thick alkalic ultrabasic and mafic sequence of volcanic rocks of the northeastern part of the Siberian flood basalt province (SFBP) yielded a 40Ar/39Ar plateau age of 253.3 ± 2.6 million years, distinctly older than the main tholeiitic pulse of the SFBP at 250.0 million years. Olivine phenocrysts of this rock showed 3He/4He ratios up to 12.7 times the atmospheric ratio; these values suggest a lower mantle plume origin. The neodymium and strontium isotopes, rare earth element concentration patterns, and cerium/lead ratios of the associated rocks were also consistent with their derivation from a near-chondritic, primitive plume. Geochemical data from the 250-million-year-old volcanic rocks higher up in the sequence indicate interaction of this high-3He SFBP plume with a suboceanic-type upper mantle beneath Siberia.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.269.5225.822","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Basu, A.R., Poreda, R., Renne, P., Teichmann, F., Vasiliev, Y., Sobolev, N., and Turrin, B.D., 1995, High-3He plume origin and temporal-spatial evolution of the Siberian flood basalts: Science, v. 269, no. 5225, p. 822-825, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.269.5225.822.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"822","endPage":"825","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226769,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"269","issue":"5225","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a30dae4b0c8380cd5d9e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Basu, A. R.","contributorId":99697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Basu","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poreda, R.J.","contributorId":97138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poreda","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Renne, P.R.","contributorId":69312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Renne","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Teichmann, F.","contributorId":87820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teichmann","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vasiliev, Y.R.","contributorId":52455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vasiliev","given":"Y.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sobolev, N.V.","contributorId":54074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sobolev","given":"N.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Turrin, B. D.","contributorId":32548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turrin","given":"B.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70019081,"text":"70019081 - 1995 - Osmium-187 enrichment in some plumes: Evidence for core-mantle interaction?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-12T16:08:59.233521","indexId":"70019081","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Osmium-187 enrichment in some plumes: Evidence for core-mantle interaction?","docAbstract":"Calculations with data for asteroidal cores indicate that Earth's outer core may have a rhenium/osmium ratio at least 20 percent greater than that of the chondritic upper mantle, potentially leading to an outer core with an osmium-187/osmium-188 ratio at least 8 percent greater than that of chondrites. Because of the much greater abundance of osmium in the outer core relative to the mantle, even a small addition of metal to a plume ascending from the D\" layer would transfer the enriched isotopic signature to the mixture. Sources of certain plume-derived systems seem to have osmium-187/osmium-188 ratios 5 to 20 percent greater than that for chondrites, consistent with the ascent of a plume from the core-mantle boundary.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.269.5225.819","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Walker, R., Morgan, J.W., and Horan, M., 1995, Osmium-187 enrichment in some plumes: Evidence for core-mantle interaction?: Science, v. 269, no. 5225, p. 819-822, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.269.5225.819.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"819","endPage":"822","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226945,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"269","issue":"5225","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7137e4b0c8380cd76513","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walker, R.J.","contributorId":105859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morgan, J. W.","contributorId":92384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Horan, M.F.","contributorId":75282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horan","given":"M.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017699,"text":"70017699 - 1995 - Evaluation of proposed precipitation mechanisms for Mississippi Valley-type deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-19T17:02:24.891839","indexId":"70017699","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2954,"text":"Ore Geology Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of proposed precipitation mechanisms for Mississippi Valley-type deposits","docAbstract":"The mechanism of precipitation is an important aspect of any genetic model for Mississippi Valley-type deposits. Yet most of the precipitation mechanisms for minerals in the Mississippi Valley-type association have serious flaws. Solution mixing would require an unlikely series of solutions to account for the various minerals in the ores, and it does not account for the universal occurrence of organic matter in the ores nor for the oxidation state of sulfur in pyrite in the ores. Sulfate reduction addresses some of these problems, but is inconsistent with kinetic data and could not be reversed to account for the oscillations between precipitation and dissolution of sulfide minerals in the ores. Carbon dioxide effervescence does not address the precipitation of most minerals in the ores, and all of the evidence for effervescence may be explained in other ways. Cooling of the mineralizing solution could precipitate many minerals, but fluid inclusion data suggest that, in many deposits, the solution did not cool significantly as any particular stage formed. A credible genetic model also must explain why all of the minerals precipitated at the same sites; any combination of the above mechanisms which suggests that unrelated mechanisms occurred at the same sites by coincidence is unlikely.
The most reasonable scenario is that a hot, thiosulfate-bearing mineralizing solution reacted in various ways with organic matter at the sites of mineralization to precipitate the ore minerals. The organic matter acted as a reductant, source of carbon dioxide, source of organic acids, and a substrate for bacterial metabolism of thiosulfate in various stages of mineralization. Thus organic matter links all stages of the mineralization to the same sites.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0169-1368(95)00008-P","usgsCitation":"Spirakis, C.S., and Heyl, A.V., 1995, Evaluation of proposed precipitation mechanisms for Mississippi Valley-type deposits: Ore Geology Reviews, v. 10, no. 1, p. 1-17, https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-1368(95)00008-P.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228341,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0cb1e4b0c8380cd52c69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spirakis, Charles S.","contributorId":97111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spirakis","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heyl, A. V.","contributorId":70032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heyl","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1003150,"text":"1003150 - 1995 - Management briefs: Phototaxis of larval and juvenile northern pike","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-27T17:09:48.925794","indexId":"1003150","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Management briefs: Phototaxis of larval and juvenile northern pike","docAbstract":"Age-0 northern pike Esox lucius prefer vegetated habitats that are difficult to sample with standard towed gears. Light traps can be effective for sampling larval fishes in dense vegetation, given positive phototaxis offish. We evaluated the phototactic response of young northern pike by comparing the catches of larvae and juveniles obtained with plexiglass traps deployed with a chemical light stick versus traps deployed without a light source (controls) in a laboratory raceway and in a vegetated pond. In the laboratory tests, catches of protolarvae and mesolarvae in lighted traps were 11–35 times greater than catches in control traps. The catches of juvenile northern pike in field and laboratory experiments were 3–15 times greater in lighted traps than in control traps, even though the maximum body width of the larger juveniles was similar to the width of the entrance slots of the traps (5 mm). Larval and juvenile northern pike were photopositive; thus, light traps should effectively sample age-0 northern pike for at least 6 weeks after hatching.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(1995)015<0651:MBPOLA>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Zigler, S.J., and Dewey, M.R., 1995, Management briefs: Phototaxis of larval and juvenile northern pike: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 15, no. 3, p. 651-653, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1995)015<0651:MBPOLA>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"651","endPage":"653","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":173867,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","city":"Genoa","otherGeospatial":"Genoa National Fish Hatchery","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.22883473254745,\n 43.578780528610366\n ],\n [\n -91.22883473254745,\n 43.572285789390406\n ],\n [\n -91.2206826242689,\n 43.572285789390406\n ],\n [\n -91.2206826242689,\n 43.578780528610366\n ],\n [\n -91.22883473254745,\n 43.578780528610366\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685d65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zigler, Stephen J.","contributorId":77472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zigler","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dewey, Michael R.","contributorId":9994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dewey","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70169112,"text":"70169112 - 1995 - Agricultural chemicals in ground water of the midwest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-18T15:05:10","indexId":"70169112","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T16:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Agricultural chemicals in ground water of the midwest","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of 1995 Water and the Future of Kansas Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"1995 Water and the Future of Kansas Conference","conferenceDate":"February 28-March 1, 1995","conferenceLocation":"Manhattan, KS","language":"English","publisher":"Kansas State University","publisherLocation":"Manhattan, KS","usgsCitation":"Kolpin, D., 1995, Agricultural chemicals in ground water of the midwest, in Proceedings of 1995 Water and the Future of Kansas Conference, Manhattan, KS, February 28-March 1, 1995.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319012,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ed26abe4b0f59b85db09db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolpin, D.W.","contributorId":87565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70248329,"text":"70248329 - 1995 - The 1995 Hanshin-Awaji (Kobe), Japan, Earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-07T17:12:01.324531","indexId":"70248329","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T12:00:30","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1728,"text":"GSA Today","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 1995 Hanshin-Awaji (Kobe), Japan, Earthquake","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","usgsCitation":"Holzer, T.L., 1995, The 1995 Hanshin-Awaji (Kobe), Japan, Earthquake: GSA Today, v. 5, no. 8, p. 154-153.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"154","endPage":"153","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":420634,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"http://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":420633,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://rock.geosociety.org/gsatoday/archive/5/8/"}],"country":"Japan","otherGeospatial":"Kobe","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 133.80562235261704,\n 34.97874393863218\n ],\n [\n 133.80562235261704,\n 33.90572641179311\n ],\n [\n 135.81871053537304,\n 33.90572641179311\n ],\n [\n 135.81871053537304,\n 34.97874393863218\n ],\n [\n 133.80562235261704,\n 34.97874393863218\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holzer, Thomas L. tholzer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holzer","given":"Thomas","email":"tholzer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":882544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70246309,"text":"70246309 - 1995 - Comparison of hydrothermal alteration of carboniferous carbonate and siliclastic rocks in the Valles caldera with outcrops from the Socorro caldera, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-30T16:58:52.684321","indexId":"70246309","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T11:42:10","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of hydrothermal alteration of carboniferous carbonate and siliclastic rocks in the Valles caldera with outcrops from the Socorro caldera, New Mexico","docAbstract":"Continental Scientific Drilling Program (CSDP) drill hole VC-2B [total depth 1761.7 m (5780 ft); maximum temperature 295 °C] was continuously cored through the Sulphur Springs hydrothermal system in the western ring-fracture zone of the 1.14 Ma Valles caldera. Among other units, the hole penetrated 760.2 m (2494.1 ft) of Paleozoic carbonate and siliciclastic strata underlying caldera fill and precaldera volcanic and epiclastic rocks. Comparison of the VC-2B Paleozoic rocks with corresponding lithologies within and around the 32.1 Ma Socorro caldera, 192 km ( 119 miles) to the south-southwest, provides insight into the variability of alteration responses to similar caldera-related hydrothermal regimes.
The Pennsylvanian Madera Limestone and Sandia Formation from VC-2B preserve many of the sedimentological and diagenetic features observed in these units on a regional basis and where unaffected by high temperatures or hydrothermal activity. Micrites in these formations in VC-2B are generally altered and mineralized only where fractured or brecciated, that is, where hydrothermal solutions could invade carbonate rocks which were otherwise essentially impermeable. Alteration intensity (and correspondingly inferred paleopermeability) is only slightly higher in carbonate packstones and grainstones, low to intermediate in siltstones and claystones, and high in poorly cemented sandstones. Hydrothermal fracture-filling phases in these rocks comprise sericite (and phengite), chlorite, allanite, apatite, an unidentified zeolite and sphene in various combinations, locally with sphalerite, galena, pyrite and chalcopyrite. Terrigenous feldspars and clays are commonly altered to chlorite and seriate, and euhedral anhydrite “porphyroblasts” with minor chlorite occur in Sandia Formation siltstone. Fossils are typically unaltered, but the walls of some colonial bryozoans in the Madera Limestone are altered to the assemblage chlorite-sericite-epidote-allanite. La, Ce and Nd are present in an unidentified hydrothermal mineral occurring throughout much of the VC-2B Pennsylvanian sequence.
Carboniferous carbonate and siliciclastic formations within and around the Socorro caldera show a similar style of alteration and mineralization to their Valles caldera counterparts, but by contrast locally host commercial, caldera-related, base-metal sulfide deposits. As in the Valles rocks, mineralization and alteration in those of the Socorro caldera were strongly controlled by porosity. Unless disrupted by fractures, breccias, or karst cavities ( not identified in Valles caldera drill holes), the rocks remained relatively unaltered. Where these features allowed ingress of mineralizing hydrothermal solutions, base-metal sulfides and rare-earth-element-bearing minerals were precipitated.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0377-0273(94)00104-O","usgsCitation":"Armstrong, A.K., Renault, J.R., and Oscarson, R.L., 1995, Comparison of hydrothermal alteration of carboniferous carbonate and siliclastic rocks in the Valles caldera with outcrops from the Socorro caldera, New Mexico: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 67, no. 1-3, p. 207-220, https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(94)00104-O.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"207","endPage":"220","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":418659,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Magdalena Mountains, Socorro Caldera","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.93797090298187,\n 34.06120001043462\n ],\n [\n -106.94039037746462,\n 34.07213233589769\n ],\n [\n -106.95006827539557,\n 34.08524926440417\n ],\n [\n -106.95182789320134,\n 34.0881638615122\n ],\n [\n -106.9540274154586,\n 34.09763560916058\n ],\n [\n -106.95666684216684,\n 34.105285093112855\n ],\n [\n -106.97844211251193,\n 34.10200682752041\n ],\n [\n -106.98921977157171,\n 34.09126051100337\n ],\n [\n -107.00725585407973,\n 34.08379192822697\n ],\n [\n -107.01363446862506,\n 34.089621122441244\n ],\n [\n -107.02023303539632,\n 34.093446313033326\n ],\n [\n -107.03452993006727,\n 34.08087718062583\n ],\n [\n -107.03914892680721,\n 34.06739516804491\n ],\n [\n -107.03716935677593,\n 34.050995234159345\n ],\n [\n -107.02221260542763,\n 34.027483129126495\n ],\n [\n -107.0178135609136,\n 34.018915083508475\n ],\n [\n -107.00549623627394,\n 34.0194620058805\n ],\n [\n -106.9900995804746,\n 34.00597022549613\n ],\n [\n -106.9531476065557,\n 34.00432918706197\n ],\n [\n -106.92301415163355,\n 34.021102751853306\n ],\n [\n -106.92873290950193,\n 34.038966599334415\n ],\n [\n -106.93797090298187,\n 34.06120001043462\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"67","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Armstrong, Augustus K.","contributorId":68282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armstrong","given":"Augustus","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":876776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Renault, Jacques R.","contributorId":315545,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Renault","given":"Jacques","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":876777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oscarson, Robert L. roscarson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oscarson","given":"Robert","email":"roscarson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":876778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70246653,"text":"70246653 - 1995 - Effect of timber harvest on soil carbon storage at Blodgett Experimental Forest, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-12T16:42:11.793585","indexId":"70246653","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T11:20:11","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1170,"text":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of timber harvest on soil carbon storage at Blodgett Experimental Forest, California","docAbstract":"Four plots from a mixed conifer forest were similarly cleared, burned, and replanted at various times over 17 years; a plot logged 79 years before sampling was used as a control. The plots had similar slope (2 to 15%, midslope position), aspect (south to southeast), and soil type (Holland series: mesic Haploxeralf; a Gray Brown Luvisol in the Canadian classification system). Twenty sites at each plot were sampled volumetrically by horizon to 20 cm below the organic–mineral soil boundary. Samples were analyzed for bulk density, organic C, and total N. There was an initial loss (15%) of organic C from the soil within 1 to 7 years, likely the result of oxidation (burning and decomposition) and erosion. For 17 years of forest regrowth, the soil continued to lose C (another 15%), probably owing to decomposition of slash material and possibly erosion, despite the slight accumulation of new litter and roots. After 80 years of regrowth, rates of carbon accumulation exceeded rates of loss, but carbon storage had declined and was not likely to recover to preharvest levels. Timber harvest and site preparation dramatically altered soil C and N distribution, in which C/N ratios after site preparation were initially high throughout the upper 20 cm. Subsequently, C/N ratios became lower with depth and with recovery age. Although stocks of C and N varied considerably among the plots and did not change consistently as a function of recovery age, the C/N ratios did vary systematically with recovery age. We hypothesize that the amount of C ultimately stored in the soil at steady state depends largely on N reserves and potentials, which appear to vary with erosion, intensity of burning, and site treatment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/x95-151","usgsCitation":"Black, T., and Harden, J., 1995, Effect of timber harvest on soil carbon storage at Blodgett Experimental Forest, California: Canadian Journal of Forest Research, v. 25, no. 8, p. 1385-1396, https://doi.org/10.1139/x95-151.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1385","endPage":"1396","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":418899,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Blodgett Experimental Forest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.67947189107275,\n 38.95675036127537\n ],\n [\n -120.67947189107275,\n 38.89547200610477\n ],\n [\n -120.60313372973354,\n 38.89547200610477\n ],\n [\n -120.60313372973354,\n 38.95675036127537\n ],\n [\n -120.67947189107275,\n 38.95675036127537\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Black, T.A.","contributorId":101684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Black","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":877799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harden, J.W. 0000-0002-6570-8259","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":38585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":877800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70169120,"text":"70169120 - 1995 - Occurrence of herbicides and metabolites in surface water, ground water, and rainwater in the midwestern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-21T09:03:00","indexId":"70169120","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T10:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Occurrence of herbicides and metabolites in surface water, ground water, and rainwater in the midwestern United States","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of 1995 Annual Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"1995 Annual Conference","conferenceDate":"June 18-22, 1995","conferenceLocation":"Anaheim, CA","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Works Association","usgsCitation":"Goolsby, D.A., Thurman, E., Kolpin, D., and Battaglin, W.A., 1995, Occurrence of herbicides and metabolites in surface water, ground water, and rainwater in the midwestern United States, in Proceedings of 1995 Annual Conference, Anaheim, CA, June 18-22, 1995.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319046,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f11b61e4b0f59b85ddc470","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goolsby, D. A.","contributorId":50508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kolpin, D.W.","contributorId":87565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Battaglin, William A. 0000-0001-7287-7096 wbattagl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7287-7096","contributorId":1527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"William","email":"wbattagl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":623069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70244263,"text":"70244263 - 1995 - Evidence of hydrous differentiation and crystal accumulation in the low-MgO, high-Al2O3 Lake Basalt from Medicine Lake volcano, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-30T19:37:39.817437","indexId":"70244263","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T09:10:51","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Evidence of hydrous differentiation and crystal accumulation in the low-MgO, high-Al2O3 Lake Basalt from Medicine Lake volcano, California","title":"Evidence of hydrous differentiation and crystal accumulation in the low-MgO, high-Al2O3 Lake Basalt from Medicine Lake volcano, California","docAbstract":"The late Pleistocene Lake Basalt of Medicine Lake volcano, California is comprised of variably porphyritic basalt and basaltic andesite flows and scoria. These eruptives are similar in composition and phenocryst abundance to the low-MgO, high-Al2O3 mafic magmas common in convergent margin settings. The petrogenesis of the magmas that produced the Lake Basalt has been inferred from field relations, melting experiments and subsequent major and trace element modeling. Their formation involved both hydrous differentiation and plagioclase accumulation and thus the Lake Basalt can be used to constrain the relative contributions of these processes to the production of high-Al2O3 arc basalt. Phenocryst-poor lavas of the Lake Basalt formed by hydrous differentiation; their compositions and observed phenocrysts were reproduced in 1 kbar, H2O-saturated melting experiments. Anorthite-rich plagioclase compositions of the lavas of the Lake Basalt necessitate crystallization from melts with between 4 and 6 wt% dissolved H2O. Phenocryst-rich lavas of the Lake Basalt, with 18 modal% phenocrysts and greater, formed by plagioclase accumulation in magmas similar to the phenocryst-poor lavas. This interpretation is supported by the depleted incompatible element abundances and enriched Sr/Zr ratio of the more porphyritic lavas relative to the phenocryst-poor lavas. We model the formation of the Lake Basalt as a two-stage process that combines a differentiation model and a plagioclase accumulation model. Stage one involved hydrous fractionation, granitic assimilation and mixing with undifferentiated parent magma. This process generated lavas with up to 19.2 wt% A12O3 and 7 modal% phenocrysts. In stage two, plagioclase accumulated in these liquids and produced more aluminous and porphyritic lavas with up to 21.8 wt% A12O3 and 33 modal% phenocrysts.
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