This database, identified as \"Preliminary Geologic Map of the Oat Mountain 7.5' Quadrangle, southern California: A Digital Database,\" has been approved for release and publication by the Director of the USGS. Although this database has been reviewed and is substantially complete, the USGS reserves the right to revise the data pursuant to further analysis and review. This database is released on condition that neither the USGS nor the U. S. Government may be held liable for any damages resulting from its use.
\nThis digital map database is compiled from previously published sources combined with some new mapping and modifications in nomenclature. The geologic map database delineates map units that are identified by general age and lithology following the stratigraphic nomenclature of the U. S. Geological Survey. For detailed descriptions of the units, their stratigraphic relations and sources of geologic mapping consult Yerkes and Campbell (1993). More specific information about the units may be available in the original sources.
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Most sediment enters the South Platte River during snowmelt runoff from March to June. The suspended sediment varies by particle size, concentration, and load. Suspended-sediment data in the South Platte River for water years 1980-92 are limited; therefore, only generalizations can be made concerning land use and its effects on suspended-sediment concentrations and loads in the South Platte River. More data are needed before detailed comparisons can be made.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs15395","usgsCitation":"Heiny, J.S., 1995, Review of sediment data in the South Platte River Basin, Colorado, 1980-92: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 153-95, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs15395.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1995/0153/fs15395.pdf","text":"Report","size":"148 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 153-95"},{"id":121272,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1995/0153/coverthb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db603fd2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heiny, Janet S.","contributorId":93468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heiny","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":20715,"text":"ofr94387 - 1995 - Steady-state simulation of ground-water flow in the Blaine Aquifer, southwestern Oklahoma and northwestern Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-17T15:27:58","indexId":"ofr94387","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-387","title":"Steady-state simulation of ground-water flow in the Blaine Aquifer, southwestern Oklahoma and northwestern Texas","docAbstract":"A generalized finite-difference model was prepared for the Blaine aquifer in southwestern Oklahoma and northwestern Texas. This report releases the model for use and modification. A grid of 1-square-mile nodes was established over the area, with 1,030 of the nodes actively simulated in the model. The steady-state model simulation used a uniform recharge rate of 2.2 inches per year and three values of hydraulic conductivity: 80, 19, and 4.7 feet per day. About 44 percent of the recharge is discharged as pumpage from wells, and the remainder is discharged to rivers and creeks within and adjacent to the study area.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;U.S.G.S. 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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i2501","usgsCitation":"Swadley, W.C., 1995, Maps showing modern fissures and Quaternary faults in the Dry Lake Valley area, Lincoln County Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2501, Report: 1p.; 1 Plate: 52.53 × 37.32 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2501.","productDescription":"Report: 1p.; 1 Plate: 52.53 × 37.32 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":256237,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2501/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":256238,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2501/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":256239,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2501/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":406878,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_10302.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"50000","country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Dry Lake Valley area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115,\n 37.25\n ],\n [\n -114.625,\n 37.25\n ],\n [\n -114.625,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -115,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -115,\n 37.25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605cee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swadley, W. C.","contributorId":46940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swadley","given":"W.","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":275783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":18720,"text":"ofr9561A - 1995 - 10 years of volcanic activity in Alaska; 1983 to 1992; a video","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:24","indexId":"ofr9561A","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-61","chapter":"A","title":"10 years of volcanic activity in Alaska; 1983 to 1992; a video","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr9561A","usgsCitation":"Doukas, M.P., McGimsey, R.G., and Dorava, J.M., 1995, 10 years of volcanic activity in Alaska; 1983 to 1992; a video: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-61, 1 videocassette (28 min.) :sd., col. ;1/2 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9561A.","productDescription":"1 videocassette (28 min.) :sd., col. ;1/2 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150997,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4907e4b0b290850eed33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doukas, Michael P. mdoukas@usgs.gov","contributorId":2686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doukas","given":"Michael","email":"mdoukas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":179621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGimsey, Robert G. 0000-0001-5379-7779 mcgimsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5379-7779","contributorId":2352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGimsey","given":"Robert","email":"mcgimsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":179620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dorava, Joseph M.","contributorId":87125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorava","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":18821,"text":"ofr9565A - 1995 - Bibliography of publications by members of the Branch of Coal Geology, Office of Energy and Marine Geology, U.S. Geological Survey, January 1, 1985-September 30, 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:25","indexId":"ofr9565A","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-65","chapter":"A","title":"Bibliography of publications by members of the Branch of Coal Geology, Office of Energy and Marine Geology, U.S. Geological Survey, January 1, 1985-September 30, 1994","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr9565A","usgsCitation":"Ellis, M.S., 1995, Bibliography of publications by members of the Branch of Coal Geology, Office of Energy and Marine Geology, U.S. Geological Survey, January 1, 1985-September 30, 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-65, 196 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9565A.","productDescription":"196 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150772,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8085,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/ofr-95-0065-a/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627ecd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellis, Margaret S. mellis@usgs.gov","contributorId":198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"Margaret","email":"mellis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":179803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":18721,"text":"ofr9561B - 1995 - 10 years of volcanic activity in Alaska; 1983 to 1992; a video","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:24","indexId":"ofr9561B","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-61","chapter":"B","title":"10 years of volcanic activity in Alaska; 1983 to 1992; a video","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr9561B","usgsCitation":"Doukas, M.P., McGimsey, R.G., and Dorava, J.M., 1995, 10 years of volcanic activity in Alaska; 1983 to 1992; a video: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-61, 23 p. ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9561B.","productDescription":"23 p. ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150998,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0061b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48079,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0061b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4907e4b0b290850eed35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doukas, Michael P. mdoukas@usgs.gov","contributorId":2686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doukas","given":"Michael","email":"mdoukas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":179624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGimsey, Robert G. 0000-0001-5379-7779 mcgimsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5379-7779","contributorId":2352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGimsey","given":"Robert","email":"mcgimsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":179623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dorava, Joseph M.","contributorId":87125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorava","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":17616,"text":"ofr95218 - 1995 - Relation of slow-moving landslides to earth materials and other factors in valleys of the Honolulu District of Oahu, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:22","indexId":"ofr95218","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-218","title":"Relation of slow-moving landslides to earth materials and other factors in valleys of the Honolulu District of Oahu, Hawaii","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr95218","usgsCitation":"Ellen, S.D., Liu, L., Fleming, R.W., Reid, M., and Johnsson, M.J., 1995, Relation of slow-moving landslides to earth materials and other factors in valleys of the Honolulu District of Oahu, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-218, ii, 47 p. ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95218.","productDescription":"ii, 47 p. ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149842,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0218/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":19341,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0218/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":46814,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0218/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db634a11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellen, Stephen D.","contributorId":107300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellen","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, L.S.","contributorId":7720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"L.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fleming, R. W.","contributorId":89110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reid, M.E.","contributorId":108130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnsson, M. J.","contributorId":106919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnsson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":31871,"text":"ofr954 - 1995 - Preliminary geologic map of the Lunenburg and Fort Mitchell 7.5' quadrangles, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-10T10:53:43","indexId":"ofr954","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4","title":"Preliminary geologic map of the Lunenburg and Fort Mitchell 7.5' quadrangles, Virginia","docAbstract":"The Lunenburg and Fort Mitchell 7.5' quadrangles have been mapped as part of the Geology of the South-Central Virginia Piedmont Project, a regional geologic mapping project of the U.S. Geological Survey. The two quadrangles include parts of Lunenburg, Mecklenburg, and Charlotte counties, and are located in the east-central part of the South Boston 30'x60' quadrangle (Figure 1). A preliminary geologic map of this quadrangle has been published (Norton and others, 1993), and a reconnaissance map by Laney (1917) includes the western Fort Mitchell quadrangle. Aeromagnetic and aeroradioactivity maps that include the field area have been published by the U.S. Geological Survey (1978a, 1978b). The Lunenburg and Fort Mitchell quadrangles are adjacent to the north and northwest, respectively, to the previously mapped Wightman 7.5' quadrangle (Burton, 1993; Figure 1).
With respect to geologic provinces, the Lunenburg and Fort Mitchell quadrangles are located within the Carolina slate belt of the Carolina Terrane (Figure 1) and have not been previously mapped in detail. The Carolina slate belt in this area consists of volcanic and sedimentary rocks and associated intrusive igneous rocks that possess a regional slatey cleavage and have been subjected to lower greenschistfacies metamorphism. An earlier, pre-cleavage deformation and low-grade metamorphism may have occurred in the Late Proterozoic (Glover and Sinha, 1973). The rocks are locally poorly dated but probably are Late Proterozoic and Early Cambrian in age (Butler and Secor, 1991, and references therein). The Carolina slate belt may represent a subduction-related volcanic arc (Butler and Secor, 1991), or riftedarc complex (Feiss and others, 1993). Geochemical analysis and radioisotopic dating (U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar) of slate belt rocks in the South Boston 30 x 60' quadrangle by the U.S.G.S. are in progress.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr954","usgsCitation":"Burton, W.C., 1995, Preliminary geologic map of the Lunenburg and Fort Mitchell 7.5' quadrangles, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-4, Report: 14 p.; 1 Plate: 38.34 x 28.98 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr954.","productDescription":"Report: 14 p.; 1 Plate: 38.34 x 28.98 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160219,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0004/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":60060,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0004/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":354052,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0004/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","datum":"National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1927","country":"United States","state":"Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.5,\n 36.875\n ],\n [\n -78.25,\n 36.875\n ],\n [\n -78.25,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -78.5,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -78.5,\n 36.875\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b0f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burton, William C. 0000-0001-7519-5787 bburton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7519-5787","contributorId":1293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"William","email":"bburton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":207136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":31872,"text":"ofr959 - 1995 - Preliminary geologic map of the Panguitch Quadrangle, Garfield County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:04","indexId":"ofr959","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-9","title":"Preliminary geologic map of the Panguitch Quadrangle, Garfield County, Utah","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr959","usgsCitation":"Moore, D., and Straub, A.W., 1995, Preliminary geologic map of the Panguitch Quadrangle, Garfield County, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-9, 13 p., 1 over-size sheet, scale 1:24,000 (1 inch = 2,000 feet)., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr959.","productDescription":"13 p., 1 over-size sheet, scale 1:24,000 (1 inch = 2,000 feet).","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":108928,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18371.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"18371"},{"id":160220,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0009/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":7865,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/ofr-95-0009/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":7866,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/ofr-95-0009/pang.txt","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":60061,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0009/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67ade8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, David W.","contributorId":63835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"David W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Straub, Arthur W.","contributorId":79962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Straub","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":17760,"text":"ofr94365 - 1995 - Surface-water-quality assessment of the lower Kansas River basin, Kansas and Nebraska; results of investigations, 1987-90","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":17760,"text":"ofr94365 - 1995 - Surface-water-quality assessment of the lower Kansas River basin, Kansas and Nebraska; results of investigations, 1987-90","indexId":"ofr94365","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Surface-water-quality assessment of the lower Kansas River basin, Kansas and Nebraska; results of investigations, 1987-90"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":253,"text":"wsp2451 - 1996 - Surface-water-quality assessment of the lower Kansas River basin, Kansas and Nebraska: Results of investigations, 1987-90","indexId":"wsp2451","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"title":"Surface-water-quality assessment of the lower Kansas River basin, Kansas and Nebraska: Results of investigations, 1987-90"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":253,"text":"wsp2451 - 1996 - Surface-water-quality assessment of the lower Kansas River basin, Kansas and Nebraska: Results of investigations, 1987-90","indexId":"wsp2451","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"title":"Surface-water-quality assessment of the lower Kansas River basin, Kansas and Nebraska: Results of investigations, 1987-90"},"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-07T18:02:39.813916","indexId":"ofr94365","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-365","title":"Surface-water-quality assessment of the lower Kansas River basin, Kansas and Nebraska; results of investigations, 1987-90","docAbstract":"Surface-water-quality conditions and trends were assessed in the lower Kansas River Basin, which drains about 15,300 square miles of mainly agricultural land in southeast Nebraska and northeast Kansas. On the basis of established water-quality criteria, most streams in the basin were suitable for uses such as public-water supply, irrigation, and maintenance of aquatic life. However, most concerns identified from a previous analysis of available data through 1986 are substantiated by analysis of data for May 1987 through April 1990. Less-than-normal precipitation and runoff during 1987-90 affected surface-water quality and are important factors in the interpretation of results.
Dissolved-solids concentrations in the main stem Kansas River during May 1987 through April 1990 commonly exceeded 500 milligrams per liter, which may be of concern for public-water supplies and for the irrigation of sensitive crops. Large concentrations of chloride in the Kansas River are derived from ground water discharging in the Smoky Hill River Basin west of the study unit. Trends of increasing concentrations of some dissolved major ions were statistically significant in the northwestern part of the study unit, which could reflect substantial increases in irrigated acreage.
The largest concentrations of suspended sediment in streams during May 1987 through April 1990 were associated with high-density cropland in areas of little local relief and medium-density irrigated cropland in more dissected areas. The smallest concentrations were measured downstream from large reservoirs and in streams draining areas having little or no row-crop cultivation. Mean annual suspended-sediment transport rates in the main stem Kansas River increased substantially in the downstream direction. No conclusions could be reached concerning the relations of suspended-sediment transport, yields, or trends to natural and human factors.
The largest sources of nitrogen and phosphorus in the study unit were fertilizer and livestock. Nitrate-nitrogen concentrations in stream-water samples did not exceed 10 milligams per liter; relatively large concentrations in the northwestern part of the study unit were associated with fertilizer application. Concentrations of total phosphorus generally were largest in the northwestern part of the study unit, which probably relates to the prevalence of cultivated land, fertilizer application, and livestock wastes.
Deficiencies in dissolved-oxygen concentrations in streams occurred locally, as a result of discharges from wastewater-treatment plants, algal respiration, and inadequate reaeration associated with small streamflow. Large densities of a fecal-indicator bacterium, Escherichia coli, were associated with discharges from municipal wastewater-treatment plants and, especially in the northwestern part of the study unit, with transport of feca
The largest concentrations of the herbicide atrazine generally were measured where the largest quantities of atrazine were applied to the land. Large atrazine concentrations, 10 to 20 micrograms per liter, were measured most frequently in unregulated principal streams during May and June. Downstream of reservoirs, the seasonal variability of atrazine concentrations was decreased compared to that of inflowing streams.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr94365","usgsCitation":"1995, Surface-water-quality assessment of the lower Kansas River basin, Kansas and Nebraska; results of investigations, 1987-90: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-365, viii, 129 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94365.","productDescription":"viii, 129 p.","numberOfPages":"141","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150575,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0365/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":359241,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0365/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas, Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Kansas River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99,\n 38.75\n ],\n [\n -94.6,\n 38.75\n ],\n [\n -94.6,\n 41.1\n ],\n [\n -99,\n 41.1\n ],\n [\n -99,\n 38.75\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a445","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Helgesen, J. O.","contributorId":62600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helgesen","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725471,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25734,"text":"wri944041 - 1995 - Reconnaissance investigation of water quality, bottom sediment, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the Dolores Project area, southwestern Colorado and southeastern Utah, 1990-91","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:13","indexId":"wri944041","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4041","title":"Reconnaissance investigation of water quality, bottom sediment, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the Dolores Project area, southwestern Colorado and southeastern Utah, 1990-91","docAbstract":"Water, bottom-sediment, and biota samples were collected in 1990-91 to identify water-quality problems associated with irrigation drainage in the Dolores Project area. Concentrations of cadmium, mercury, and selenium in some water samples exceeded aquatic-life criteria. Selenium was associated with irrigaton drainage from the Dolores Project, but other trace elements may be transported into the area in the irrigation water supply. Selenium concentrations exceeded the chronic aquatic-life criterion in water samples from lower McElmo Creek and Navajo Wash, which drain the Montezuma Valley, from newly irrigated areas, and from the Mancos River. The maximum selenium con- centration in water was 88 micrograms per liter from Navajo Wash. Concentrations of herbicides in water were less than concentrations harmful to aquatic life. Selenium concentrations in four bottom-sediment samples exceeded the baseline concentrations for soils in the Western United States. The largest selenium concentrations in biota were in samples from Navajo Wash, from newly irrigated areas north of the Montezuma Valley, and from the Mancos River basin. Selenium concentrations in aquatic-invertebrate samples from the newly irrigated areas exceeded a guideline for food items consumed by fish and wildlife. Selenium concen- trations in whole-body suckers were larger in the San Juan River downstream from the Dolores Project than upstream from the project at Four Corners. Selenium concentrations in fathead minnow samples from two sites were at adverse-effect levels. Mercury concentrations in warm-water game fish in reservoirs in the study area may be of concern to human health. Some concentrations of other trace elements exceeded background concentrations, but the concentrations were not toxicologically significant or the toxicologic significance is not known.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944041","usgsCitation":"Butler, D.L., Krueger, R.P., Osmundson, B.C., and Jensen, E., 1995, Reconnaissance investigation of water quality, bottom sediment, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the Dolores Project area, southwestern Colorado and southeastern Utah, 1990-91: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4041, ix, 126 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944041.","productDescription":"ix, 126 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157012,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4041/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54496,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4041/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625980","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Butler, D. L.","contributorId":36967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krueger, R. P.","contributorId":8890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krueger","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Osmundson, B. C.","contributorId":15655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osmundson","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jensen, E.G.","contributorId":19962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jensen","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":25473,"text":"wri944022 - 1995 - Environmental and hydrologic setting of the Ozark Plateaus study unit, Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-09T15:52:22","indexId":"wri944022","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4022","title":"Environmental and hydrologic setting of the Ozark Plateaus study unit, Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma","docAbstract":"The environmental and hydrologic setting of the Ozark Plateaus National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) study unit and the factors that affect water quality are described in this report. The primary natural and cultural features that affect water- quality characteristics and the potential for future water-quality problems are described. These environmental features include climate, physio- graphy, geology, soils, population, land use, water use, and surface- and ground-water flow systems. The study-unit area is approximately 47,600 square miles and includes most of the Ozark Plateaus Province and parts of the adjacent Osage Plains and Mississippi Alluvial Plain in parts of Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma. The geology is characterized by basement igneous rocks overlain by a thick sequence of dolomites, limestones, sandstones, and shales of Paleozoic age. Land use in the study unit is predominantly pasture and forest in the southeastern part, and pasture and cropland in the northwestern part. All or part of the White, Neosho-lllinois, Osage, Gasconade, Meramec, St. Francis, and Black River Basins are within the study unit. Streams in the Boston Mountains contain the least mineralized water, and those in the Osage Plains contain the most mineralized water. The study unit contains eight hydrogeologic units including three major aquifers--the Springfield Plateau, Ozark, and St. Francois aquifers. Streams and aquifers in the study unit generally contain calcium or calcium-magnesium bicarbonate waters. Ground- and surface-water interactions are greatest in the Salem and Springfield Plateaus and least in the Boston Mountains and Osage Plains. Geology, land use, and population probably are the most important environmental factors that affect water quality.
","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nOpen-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944022","usgsCitation":"Adamski, J.C., Petersen, J., Freiwald, D.A., and Davis, J., 1995, Environmental and hydrologic setting of the Ozark Plateaus study unit, Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4022, vi, 69 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944022.","productDescription":"vi, 69 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123754,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_94_4022.jpg"},{"id":1843,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri944022/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db6024de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adamski, James C.","contributorId":20316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adamski","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petersen, James C. petersen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"James C.","email":"petersen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":193827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Freiwald, David A. freiwald@usgs.gov","contributorId":226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freiwald","given":"David","email":"freiwald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":193826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, Jerri V. jdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":2667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Jerri V.","email":"jdavis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":193828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":29188,"text":"wri944077 - 1995 - Surface-water-quality assessment of the lower Kansas River basin, Kansas and Nebraska: Dissolved oxygen and Escherichia coli bacteria in streams during low flow, July 1988 through July 1989","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-07T21:36:00.154359","indexId":"wri944077","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4077","title":"Surface-water-quality assessment of the lower Kansas River basin, Kansas and Nebraska: Dissolved oxygen and Escherichia coli bacteria in streams during low flow, July 1988 through July 1989","docAbstract":"The 15,300-square-mile lower Kansas River Basin in Kansas and Nebraska was investigated, as one of the pilot study units of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program, to address a variety of water-quality issues. This report describes sanitary quality of streams as defined by concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO) and densities of a fecal-indicator bacterium, Escherichia coli (E. coli). Sixty-one surface-water sampling sites were chosen for this investigation. Synoptic surveys were conducted in July 1988, November 1988, March 1989, and May 1989 to define the concentrations and diel and seasonal variability in concentrations of DO. Synoptic surveys were conducted in July 1988 and July 1989 to define densities of E. coli. Ancillary data included measurements of specific conductance, pH, water temperature. barometric pressure, and concentrations of nutrients, total organic carbon, chlorophyll, and suspended sediment. Surveys were conducted during stable-flow, dry-weather conditions. During the July 1988 synoptic survey for DO, emphasis was placed on the measurement of DO under maximum stress (high water temperature, low streamflow, and predawn conditions). Of 31 sites sampled just before dawn, 5 had DO concentrations less than the 5.0-milligrams-perliter, l-day minimum warmwater criterion for early life stages as established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), and 4 of these 5 sites had concentrations less than the 3.0-milligrams-per-liter criterion for all other life stages. For all four synoptic surveys, a total of 392 DO determinations were made, and 9 (2.3 percent) were less than water-quality criteria. Concentrations of DO less than water-quality criteria in the study unit are localized occurrences and do not reflect regional differences in DO. The most severe DO deficiencies are the result of discharges from wastewater-treatment plants into small tributary streams with inadequate assimilation capacity. Algal respiratory demand in combination with reduced physical reaeration associated with extreme low flow probably also contributes to temporary, localized deficiencies. Densities of E. coli were determined at 57 surface-water sampling sites during the syn- optic survey in July 1988. Results indicate large regional differences in E. coli densities within the study unit. Densities orE. coli in water at 19 sites in the Big Blue River subbasin, exclusive of the Little Blue River subbasin, ranged from 120 to 260,000 col/100 mL (colonies per 100 milliliters), with a median density of 2,400 col/100 mL. Densities at the 11 sites in the Little Blue River ranged from 100 to 30,000 col/100 mL, with a median density of 940 col/100 mL. Densities at the 27 sites in the Kansas River subbasin ranged from less than 1 to 1,000 col/100 mL, with a median density of 88 col/100 mL. Densities at 84 percent of the sites in the Big Blue River subbasin exceeded the USEPA E. coli criterion of 576 col/100 mL for infrequently used full-body contact recreation, and 53 percent exceeded the 2,000 cot/I00 mL fecal coliform criterion for uses other than full-body contact established by the Kansas Department of Health and Environment. Densities at 73 percent of the sites in the Little Blue River subbasin exceeded the 576 col/100 mL E. coli criterion, and 36 percent exceeded the 2,000 col/100 mL fecal coliform criterion. Densities at one of the sites in the Kansas River subbasin exceeded the 576 col/100 mL E. coli criterion, and none exceeded the 2,000 col/100 mL fecal-coliform criterion. The largest densities of E. coli in the study unit were the result of discharges from municipal wastewater-treatment plants; however, densities in the Big Blue and Little Blue River subbasins were generally larger than those in the Kansas River subbasin. These larger densities in the Big Blue and Little Blue River subbasins may have been the result of irrigation return flow from fields where manure was used as a soil","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944077","usgsCitation":"Pope, L.M., 1995, Surface-water-quality assessment of the lower Kansas River basin, Kansas and Nebraska: Dissolved oxygen and Escherichia coli bacteria in streams during low flow, July 1988 through July 1989: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4077, vi, 102 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944077.","productDescription":"vi, 102 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":58054,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4077/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159408,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4077/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":406352,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47973.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas, Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Kansas River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99,\n 38.650\n ],\n [\n -94.5597,\n 38.650\n ],\n [\n -94.5597,\n 41.2583\n ],\n [\n -99,\n 41.2583\n ],\n [\n -99,\n 38.650\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a43a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pope, L. M.","contributorId":71939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4141,"text":"cir1130 - 1995 - Look before you build: Geologic studies for safer land development in the San Francisco Bay area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-21T20:54:18.223613","indexId":"cir1130","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1130","title":"Look before you build: Geologic studies for safer land development in the San Francisco Bay area","docAbstract":"This Circular provides a general description of the types of geologic hazards that exist throughout the United States. In nontechnical language this book describes how geologic information can be incorporated in the land-use development process and contains useful discussion of several examples from the San Francisco Bay area and elsewhere in the United States of how geologic information is already being used in the development process by some cities and counties.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir1130","usgsCitation":"Blair-Tyler, M., 1995, Look before you build: Geologic studies for safer land development in the San Francisco Bay area: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1130, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1130.","productDescription":"54 p.","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":649,"text":"Western Earthquake Hazards Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":139233,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":410889,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_80652.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":9242,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1995/c1130/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.5,\n 38.6667\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 36.9167\n ],\n [\n -121.75,\n 36.9167\n ],\n [\n -121.75,\n 38.6667\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 38.6667\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640a9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blair-Tyler, Martha","contributorId":51725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blair-Tyler","given":"Martha","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":61350,"text":"mf2296 - 1995 - Detailed lithologic log of the Dow Chemical #1 B.L. Garrigan Drill Hole, Mississippi County, Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-10T20:58:58.611046","indexId":"mf2296","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2296","title":"Detailed lithologic log of the Dow Chemical #1 B.L. Garrigan Drill Hole, Mississippi County, Arkansas","docAbstract":"The geology and tectonic setting of the New Madrid region in southeastern Missouri has received considerable attention because of the area's high seismic activity. The largest recorded earthquakes in this area occurred in the winter of 1811-1812. These earthquakes has estimated magnitudes as large as 8.0 on the Richter scale (Johnsonton and Kanter, 1990) and affected an area of about 1 million square miles (Fuller, 1912). Today, an area of continuously high seismic activity defines the New Madrid seismic zone, which extends from northeastern Arkansas into southeastern Missouri and northwestern Tennessee. Seismicity is locally concentrated along two subsurface archers--the Blytheville and Pascola (Hildenbrand and others, 1977; Crone and others, 1985; Hildenbrand, 1985; McKeown, 1988). The Padcola arch is not pertinent to this study and, therefore will not be discusses further. The Blytheville arch is located in and is subparallel to the axis of the northeast-southwest-trending Reelfoot structural basin, which formed during early Paleozoic rifting (Ervin and McGinnis, 1975; fig. 1). The Reelfoot basin is filled with Cambrian and Ordovician sedimentary rocks (Grohskopf, 1955; Howe, 1984; Houseknevht, 1989; Collins and others, 1992) that are uncomfortably overlain by Cretacaous and Tertiary sedimentary rocks and underlain by crystalline rocks of the eastern granite-rhyolite province (see Bickford and others, 1986). The presence of some Late Proterozoic sedimentary rocks in the Reelfoot basin currently cannot be ruled out. The Dow Chemical #1 B.L. Garrigan drill hole (hereafter, Garrigan) penetrated Paleozoic rocks on the Blytheville arch. The Garrigan is locted in the Reelfoot basin in the NW1/4, NW1/4 sec. 28, T. 15 N., R. 10 E., Mississippi County, Arkansas (fig. 1) and was completed to a total depth of 12,038 ft from a ground elevation of 239 ft on April 11, 1982 (Swolfs, 1991). The Garrigan is the only reported drill hole that penetrates the subsurface Blytheville arch and is an important source of core from the Reelfoot basin (Collins and others, 1992). Therefore, this drill hole is important for understanding structure and Paleozoic stratigraphy in a basin where stratigraphic and structural data are sparse. Rocks in the Garrigan were originally logged and described by J.R. Howe (personal communication to D.S. Collins, 1990) and published as a composite stratigraphic section along with the rock description for the Dow Chemical #1 Wilson drill hole (Howe, 1984). F.A. McKeown later relogged the rocks in the Garrigan and presented a generalized log in McKeown and others (1990). Swolfs (1991) presented another version of the Garrigan drill-hole geologic section (fig. 2). Aided by new biostratigraphic information, Taylor and others (1991) corrected major errors in the characterization and correlation of rocks in the Garrigan (fig. 2). Collins (1991) described the insoluble residues from the cuttings of the Garrigan, but could not correlate them with the insoluble resides from rocks of the carbonate platform west of the basin. However Taylor and others (1991), Collins and others (1992), and Collins and Bohm (1993) did correlate fossils from the Garrigan to other drill holes in the Reelfoot basin and adjacent areas. Using these correlated data, Collins and Bohm (1993) provided information on the structural relief across a part of the Reelfoot basin. Collins and others (1992) also interpreted the depositional setting for the Paleozoic rocks of the Garrigan. This report presents a detailed lithologic log of the Paleozoic rocks penetrated by the Garrigan that differs from the lithologic logs of previous workers (Howe, 1984; McKeown and others, 1990; see also Dart, 1992, p. 18-19). The lithologic descriptions of the Garrigan are derived from observations of well cuttings and core. Cored intervals used were 11,426-11,402 ft, 10,229-10,200 ft, and 8,002-7,979 ft. These intervals were the only intervals cored during the Garrigan drill project. Detailed analyses of the core will be described in a subsequent report.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf2296","usgsCitation":"Collins, D.S., and Skipp, G.L., 1995, Detailed lithologic log of the Dow Chemical #1 B.L. Garrigan Drill Hole, Mississippi County, Arkansas: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2296, 2 Plates: 40.99 x 60.03 inches and 40.84 x 58.40 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2296.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 40.99 x 60.03 inches and 40.84 x 58.40 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":490340,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5916.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":282183,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2296/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":282184,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2296/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":180126,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf2296.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","county":"Mississippi County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.1,35.876944 ], [ -90.1,35.926111 ], [ -90.016667,35.926111 ], [ -90.016667,35.876944 ], [ -90.1,35.876944 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667cfa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collins, Donley S.","contributorId":93906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"Donley","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skipp, Gary L. 0000-0002-9404-0980 gskipp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9404-0980","contributorId":2102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skipp","given":"Gary","email":"gskipp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":265486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":38214,"text":"pp1538P - 1995 - High-resolution, shallow, seismic reflection surveys of the Northwest Reelfoot Rift boundary near Marston, Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:01","indexId":"pp1538P","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1538","chapter":"P","title":"High-resolution, shallow, seismic reflection surveys of the Northwest Reelfoot Rift boundary near Marston, Missouri","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1538P","usgsCitation":"Odum, J.K., Luzietti, E.A., Stephenson, W.J., Shedlock, K.M., and Michael, J.A., 1995, High-resolution, shallow, seismic reflection surveys of the Northwest Reelfoot Rift boundary near Marston, Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1538, p. P1-P18, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1538P.","productDescription":"p. P1-P18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119216,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1538p/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":64517,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1538p/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db68874f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Odum, J. K.","contributorId":105705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odum","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luzietti, E. A.","contributorId":52626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luzietti","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stephenson, W. J.","contributorId":87982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shedlock, K. M.","contributorId":72805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shedlock","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Michael, J. A.","contributorId":48567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":3588,"text":"cir1122 - 1995 - Geochemical reconnaissance study of Vassar Meadow (Adams Rib) wetlands and vicinity, Eagle County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:25","indexId":"cir1122","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1122","title":"Geochemical reconnaissance study of Vassar Meadow (Adams Rib) wetlands and vicinity, Eagle County, Colorado","docAbstract":"Wetlands are known to be efficient filters of metals dissolved in ground and surface waters. This paper presents the results of geochemical reconnaissance sampling done at the request of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in wetlands in Vassar Meadow, Eagle County, Colorado. Ten wetlands were sampled and found to be variously enriched in chromium, molybdenum, and uranium. The uranium and chromium concentrations (and, to a lesser extent, molybdenum) represent an environmental concern should they be released as a result of anthropogenic disturbance. The metal accumulation in these wetlands documents that the wetlands have been functioning as filters that protect water quality in East Brush Creek by lowering the dissolved metal content in water.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ;\r\nFor sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services,","doi":"10.3133/cir1122","usgsCitation":"Owen, D.E., and Breit, G.N., 1995, Geochemical reconnaissance study of Vassar Meadow (Adams Rib) wetlands and vicinity, Eagle County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1122, iii, 16 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1122.","productDescription":"iii, 16 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123817,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1995/1122/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30620,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1995/1122/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ade4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Owen, Douglass E.","contributorId":76282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owen","given":"Douglass","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Breit, George N. 0000-0003-2188-6798 gbreit@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2188-6798","contributorId":1480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breit","given":"George","email":"gbreit@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":147213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":20465,"text":"ofr9546 - 1995 - A bibliography of geomorphometry, the quantitative representation of topography; Supplement 1.0","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:42","indexId":"ofr9546","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-46","title":"A bibliography of geomorphometry, the quantitative representation of topography; Supplement 1.0","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr9546","usgsCitation":"Pike, R.J., 1995, A bibliography of geomorphometry, the quantitative representation of topography; Supplement 1.0: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-46, 30 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9546.","productDescription":"30 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153344,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0046/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50004,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0046/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4974e4b0b290850ef2f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pike, Richard J. rpike@usgs.gov","contributorId":5753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pike","given":"Richard","email":"rpike@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":182700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":6902,"text":"fs11595 - 1995 - Water Budget and Salinity of Walker Lake, western Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:58","indexId":"fs11595","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"115-95","title":"Water Budget and Salinity of Walker Lake, western Nevada","docAbstract":"Walker Lake is one of the rare perennial, terminal lakes in the Great Basin of the western United States. The lake is the terminus for all surface- water and ground-water flow in the Walker River Basin Hydrographic Region that is not consumed by evaporation, sublimation, or transpiration. The concentration of dissolved solids (salts) in the lake-surface altitude depend primarily on the amounts of water entering and evaporation from the lake. Because Walker Lake is a terminal sink--it has no documented surface- or ground-water outflow--dissolved solids that enter it accumulate as the lake water evaporates. Declining lake levels, owing to natural and anthropogenic processes, have resulted in most Great Basin terminal lakes being too saline to support fish. In Nevada, the only terminal lakes that contain fish are Pyramid Lake, Ruby Lake, and Walker Lake. Dissolved-solids concentration in Walker Lake increased from about 2,500 milligrams per liter in 1882 to 13,300 milli- grams per liter in July 1994 (U.S. Geological Survey analysis), as the lake-surface altitude declined from about 4,080 to 3,944 feet above sea level. This dramatic increase in dissolved-solids concentration threatens the Walker Lake ecosystem and the fish that depend on this ecosystem.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/fs11595","usgsCitation":"Thomas, J., 1995, Water Budget and Salinity of Walker Lake, western Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 115-95, [4] p. : co. ill., col. map ; 28 cm. co. ill., col. map ;, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs11595.","productDescription":"[4] p. : co. ill., col. map ; 28 cm. co. ill., col. map ;","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":943,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/wid/FS_115-95/FS_115-95.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":126653,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_115_95.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48d3e4b07f02db548a45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, James M.","contributorId":97880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"James M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":20534,"text":"ofr9564C - 1995 - Bibliography of well-log applications; cumulative edition; to September 30, 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-17T15:17:17","indexId":"ofr9564C","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-64","chapter":"C","title":"Bibliography of well-log applications; cumulative edition; to September 30, 1994","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr9564C","collaboration":"The USGS does not support this software or technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","usgsCitation":"Prensky, S.E., 1995, Bibliography of well-log applications; cumulative edition; to September 30, 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-64, 1 computer disk ;3 1/2 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9564C.","productDescription":"1 computer disk ;3 1/2 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152235,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1120,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/ofr-95-0064/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":277700,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0064c/application.zip"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627c52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prensky, Stephen E.","contributorId":96703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prensky","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185377,"text":"70185377 - 1995 - Nitrate transport and transformation processes in unsaturated porous media","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T07:49:09","indexId":"70185377","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrate transport and transformation processes in unsaturated porous media","docAbstract":"A series of experiments was conducted on two contrasting agricultural soils to observe the influence of soil texture, preferential flow, and plants on nitrate transport and denitrification under unsaturated conditions. Calcium nitrate fertilizer was applied to the surface of four large undisturbed soil cores (30 cm diameter by 40 cm height). Two of the cores were a structured clay obtained from central Missouri and two were an unstructured fine sand obtained from central Florida. The cores were irrigated daily and maintained at a matric potential of -20 kPa, representative of soil tension in the rooting zone of irrigated agricultural fields. Volumetric water content (θ), concentration of nitrate-N in the soil solution, and nitrous oxide flux at the surface, 10, 20, and 30 cm were monitored daily. Leaching loss of surface-applied N03− -N was significant in both the sand and the clay. In unplanted sand cores, almost all of the applied nitrate was leached below 30 cm within 10 days. Gaseous N loss owing to denitrification was no greater than 2% of the nitrate-N applied to the unplanted sand cores and, in general, was less than 1 %. Although leaching was somewhat retarded in the clay cores, about 60% of the applied nitrate-N was leached from the unplanted clay soil in 5–6 weeks. Under unsaturated conditions, the clay had little to no tendency to denitrify despite the greater moisture content of the clay and retarded leaching of nitrate in the clay. The planted sand cores had surprisingly large gaseous N loss owing to denitrification, as much as 17% of the nitrate-N. Results from both the clay and sand experiments show that the dynamics of nitrate transport and transformation in unsaturated soils are affected by small, localized variations in the soil moisture content profile, the gaseous diffusion coefficient of the soil, the rate at which the nitrate pulse passes through the soil, the solubility of N2O and N2 and the diffusion of the gasses through the soil solution, and development of a water content profile in the soil. Limited dentrification in the clay soil was due to a limited volume of soil available for infiltration after internal catchment and the development of denitrifying conditions resulting from the presence of an extensive macropore system.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(94)02666-Y","usgsCitation":"Tindall, J.A., Petrusak, R.L., and McMahon, P.B., 1995, Nitrate transport and transformation processes in unsaturated porous media: Journal of Hydrology, v. 169, no. 1-4, p. 51-94, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(94)02666-Y.","productDescription":"44 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"94","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337938,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"169","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d23b93e4b0236b68f82918","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tindall, James A. 0000-0002-0940-1586 jtindall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-1586","contributorId":2529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tindall","given":"James","email":"jtindall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petrusak, Robin L.","contributorId":189608,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petrusak","given":"Robin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McMahon, Peter B. 0000-0001-7452-2379 pmcmahon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"Peter","email":"pmcmahon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}