A pseudo-two-dimensional model is developed to simulate population dynamics of one dominant phytoplankton species (Skeletonema costatum) in northern San Francisco Bay. The model is formulated around a conceptualization of this estuary as two distinct but coupled subsystems—a deep (10–20 m) central channel and lateral areas with shallow (<2 m) water and slow circulation. Algal growth rates are governed by solar irradiation, temperature and salinity, while population losses are assumed to result from grazing bycalanoid copepods. Consequences of estuarine gravitational circulation are approximated simply by reducing convective-dispersive transport in that section of the channel (null zone) where residual bottom currents are near zero, and lateral mixing is treated as a bulkexchange process between the channel and the shoals.
Model output is consistent with the hypothesis that, because planktonic algae are light-limited, shallow areas are the sites of active population growth. Seasonal variation in the location of the null zone (a response to variable river discharge) is responsible for maintaining the spring bloom of neritic diatoms in the seaward reaches of the estuary (San Pablo Bay) and the summer bloom upstream (Suisun Bay). Model output suggests that these spring and summer blooms result from the same general process—establishment of populations over the shoals, where growth rates are rapid, coupled with reduced particulate transport due to estuarine gravitational circulation. It also suggests, however, that the relative importance of physical and biological processes to phytoplankton dynamics is different in San Pablo and Suisun Bays. Finally, the model has helped us determine those processes having sufficient importance to merit further refinement in the next generation of models, and it has given new direction to field studies.
Effects of two live and seven prepared diets on the survival and growth of postlarval and juvenile Atlantic silversides (Menidia menidia) were determined. Two experiments were conducted, one with 23-day-old postlarvae and one with 57-day-old juveniles. In both experiments, growth rate and survival were greatest on the live diet of brine shrimp (Artemia salina) nauplii. Survival was lowest on a prepared diet originally designed for freshwater fish species. Growth was similarly low for all lots fed prepared diets. A commercial flake food was the best of the prepared diets tested. Response to the diet was more sensitively reflected in growth than in survival. Younger fish showed a greater and more immediate growth response to diets than did juveniles. Postlarval fish that were fed brine shrimp gained 36.6 mg (from an initial body wet weight of 9.3 mg), whereas those fed the flake diet gained 4.5 mg. The reduced growth and survival of fish fed the artificial diets cannot be attributed to a single nutritional deficiency.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1980)42[138:EODOSA]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Beck, A., and Poston, H.A., 1980, Effects of diet on survival and growth of the Atlantic silverside: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 42, no. 3, p. 138-143, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1980)42[138:EODOSA]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"138","endPage":"143","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132299,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2fe4b07f02db615ff2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beck, A.D.","contributorId":74716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poston, Hugh A.","contributorId":12535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poston","given":"Hugh","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5221612,"text":"5221612 - 1980 - [Book review] Endangered Birds: Management techniques for preserving threatened species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-16T10:35:17","indexId":"5221612","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:33","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"[Book review] Endangered Birds: Management techniques for preserving threatened species","docAbstract":"This volume contains the proceedings of a symposium held at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, during 17-20 August 1977. In the words of the book's editor, Stanley Temple, the symposium \"offered a unique opportunity for leading scientists from around the world to meet and share their experiences with endangered birds.\" That this objective was achieved is indicated by a list of contributors standing as a \"Who's Who\" in endangered species research and management. This symposium was jointly sponsored by the International Council for Bird Preservation, World Wildlife Fund, National Audubon Society, New York Zoological Society, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Fifty-one papers by 53 contributors are listed under 10 topics: endangered bird problems and the concept of managing threatened species; increasing reproductive effort and success by reducing nest-site limitations; alleviating problems of competition, predation, parasitism, and disease; supplemental feeding and manipulation of feeding ecology; manipulating aspects of nesting biology; captive breeding of endangered birds; genetic aspects of managing dwindling populations; reintroducing endangered birds to the wild; integrated approaches to management of endangered birds; and summary. A 14-page index provides convenient reference to subjects in the text.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Erickson, R., 1980, [Book review] Endangered Birds: Management techniques for preserving threatened species: The Auk, v. 97, no. 1, p. 209-209.","productDescription":"209","startPage":"209","endPage":"209","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197143,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18521,"rank":300,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4085829 "}],"volume":"97","issue":"1","publicComments":"A review of: Endangered birds: Management techniques for preserving threatened species. S. A. Temple (Ed.). 1977. Madison, University of Wisconsin Press. xxiv + 466 pp. 31 black-and-white pho tographic plates, 47 tables, 17 figures, and 6 maps.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67acfe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erickson, R.C.","contributorId":22032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erickson","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5221558,"text":"5221558 - 1980 - Serologic and hematologic values of wild coyotes in Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-23T21:04:56.502388","indexId":"5221558","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:30","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Serologic and hematologic values of wild coyotes in Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Blood samples were obtained from 30 coyotes (Canis latrans) captured in northern Wisconsin in conjunction with radio-telemetry studies. Samples were assayed for seven hematologic values, seven serum chemistries, serum albumin, globulin and total protein. Results are given with respect to sex and age and are compared with available data for captive wild and pen-raised coyotes. Leukocyte counts were greater for males than females and packed cell volumes were greater for adults than young, possibly due to differential response to capture and handling stress. Hemoglobin concentrations and calcium levels suggest differences in nutrition between pen-raised and wild coyotes. Sex and age differences in serum calcium for wild coyotes probably reflect nutritional differences between groups examined. Juvenile coyote serum alkaline phosphatase levels declined curvilinearly with age for coyotes less than one year old, suggesting a possible technique for separating juveniles and yearlings captured in autumn that are released for research purposes. Elevated glucose levels and leukocyte counts in wild coyotes may reflect greater handling stress than for pen-raised and captive coyotes. No significant sex or age effects were found for levels of serum urea nitrogen, total protein, cholesterol, and total bilirubin.","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-16.4.491","usgsCitation":"Smith, G.J., and Rongstad, O., 1980, Serologic and hematologic values of wild coyotes in Wisconsin: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 16, no. 4, p. 491-497, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-16.4.491.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"491","endPage":"497","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480588,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-16.4.491","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":193358,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f5a8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, G. J.","contributorId":80767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rongstad, O.J.","contributorId":39475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rongstad","given":"O.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5221575,"text":"5221575 - 1980 - Consistency in habitat preference of forest bird species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:38","indexId":"5221575","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:28","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3638,"text":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Consistency in habitat preference of forest bird species","docAbstract":"The important management conclusion that follows from our results is that the habitat requirements of most forest bird species, although quite specific for each species, apply generally throughout their breeding ranges. Thus a habitat management program that proves beneficial in one part of the breeding range of a species has a high likelihood of success in an area hundreds of kilometers away. Site-specific programs may be necessary for successful management of species whose habitat preferences change across their range. Alternatively, geographical variation in habitat use may indicate that a species' habitat requirements are easily met and that effective management for the species is more readily attained. Close monitoring of a species' response to specific management programs will be required to resolve whether species showing geographic variation in habitat preference are habitat specialists or simply habitat generalists with varying responses to habitat structure","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Noon, B., Dawson, D., Inkley, D., Robbins, C., and Anderson, S., 1980, Consistency in habitat preference of forest bird species: Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference, v. 45, no. 4, p. 226-244.","productDescription":"226-244","startPage":"226","endPage":"244","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193387,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a2f72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Noon, B.R.","contributorId":24311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noon","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dawson, D.K. 0000-0001-7531-212X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7531-212X","contributorId":94752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"D.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Inkley, D.B.","contributorId":63895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Inkley","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anderson, S.H.","contributorId":33667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5221600,"text":"5221600 - 1980 - Toxic effects of endrin and toxaphene on the southern leopard frog Rana sphenocephala","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-03T10:52:54.542622","indexId":"5221600","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:25","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1556,"text":"Environmental Pollution (Series A)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Toxic effects of endrin and toxaphene on the southern leopard frog Rana sphenocephala","title":"Toxic effects of endrin and toxaphene on the southern leopard frog Rana sphenocephala","docAbstract":"Eggs, larvae and sub-adults of the southern leopard frog Rana sphenocephala were exposed to endrin and toxaphene. Exposure was in water by a continuous-flow technique, following standards that have been used successfully in the study of fish and invertebrates. R. sphenocephala is more sensitive to both pesticides than are higher vertebrates but is slightly less sensitive than fish. Eggs seem to be resistant to the effects of both pesticides and are probably poor indicators of environmental hazard. The toxic level of endrin is about equal in larvae and transformed frogs (LC50, 0·005-0·015 ppm). Toxaphene is less toxic to sub-adults (LC50, 0·37-0·790 ppm) than to larvae (LC50, 0·032-0·054 ppm). Delayed mortality, behavioural aberrations and effects on growth have been seen in toxaphene-dosed larvae observed over 30-day periods. Behavioural effects are more severe than those reported in other groups of animals. Effects on growth resulting from a 96-h exposure begin in the 0·013-0·018 ppm range. The maximum accumulation of residues observed for each chemical represented bioconcentration factors of about 100. Endrin residues are apparently lost more readily than toxaphene residues; relative depuration rates correlate well with the time course of toxic action in each chemical. Although less sensitive to these pesticides than fish, amphibians may not be protected in their natural habitats. Future studies of the effects of toxicants on amphibians should employ larvae if only one stage can be tested, should expose subjects for at least 96 h and should continue observations for a total of at least 30 days.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0143-1471(80)90096-3","usgsCitation":"Hall, R., and Swineford, D., 1980, Toxic effects of endrin and toxaphene on the southern leopard frog Rana sphenocephala: Environmental Pollution (Series A), v. 23, no. 1, p. 53-65, https://doi.org/10.1016/0143-1471(80)90096-3.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"65","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193447,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.77065679108685,\n 39.103084057249816\n ],\n [\n -76.78800664713661,\n 39.107123052869696\n ],\n [\n -76.80223352909763,\n 39.09662118289154\n ],\n [\n -76.81888939090575,\n 39.10066054879243\n ],\n [\n -76.82895230741424,\n 39.099314119205644\n ],\n [\n -76.83970921816503,\n 39.09473606627472\n ],\n [\n -76.84803714906877,\n 39.07345768507764\n ],\n [\n -76.84005621528587,\n 39.06537560575674\n ],\n [\n -76.83936222104425,\n 39.05783149675662\n ],\n [\n -76.85463009436774,\n 39.0300730163454\n ],\n [\n -76.86434601375606,\n 39.00257328782325\n ],\n [\n -76.86712199072396,\n 39.00041599410699\n ],\n [\n -76.84873114331108,\n 38.99960699200517\n ],\n [\n -76.8331162728661,\n 38.99502247203708\n ],\n [\n -76.81160245136446,\n 39.00580910506096\n ],\n [\n -76.80743848591263,\n 39.00446086586527\n ],\n [\n -76.80258052621845,\n 39.01120180488152\n ],\n [\n -76.79529358667786,\n 39.01012329780886\n ],\n [\n -76.76336985154629,\n 39.00500016462712\n ],\n [\n -76.7592058860944,\n 39.00068565941919\n ],\n [\n -76.74046804156069,\n 38.99717993019797\n ],\n [\n -76.72762914808361,\n 38.98261581117873\n ],\n [\n -76.71999521142153,\n 38.98585254105237\n ],\n [\n -76.70542133233967,\n 38.98881941343524\n ],\n [\n -76.70229835825094,\n 38.99394371829058\n ],\n [\n -76.69327643310493,\n 39.024412181789074\n ],\n [\n -76.68633649068518,\n 39.02953390877656\n ],\n [\n -76.69466442158888,\n 39.03950673314057\n ],\n [\n -76.69605241007284,\n 39.05378967818609\n ],\n [\n -76.69744039855678,\n 39.06160365202544\n ],\n [\n -76.70264535537177,\n 39.06322022830315\n ],\n [\n -76.70715631794513,\n 39.07049436345238\n ],\n [\n -76.716525240212,\n 39.07345768507764\n ],\n [\n -76.71756623157512,\n 39.08153883888829\n ],\n [\n -76.72346518263174,\n 39.087195095847534\n ],\n [\n -76.75261294079546,\n 39.08881108596128\n ],\n [\n -76.76753381699814,\n 39.097698369759485\n ],\n [\n -76.77065679108685,\n 39.103084057249816\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db62812d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, R.J.","contributorId":32885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swineford, D.","contributorId":73294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swineford","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5221598,"text":"5221598 - 1980 - Reproduction and residue accumulation in black ducks fed toxaphene","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-23T12:06:28","indexId":"5221598","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:25","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reproduction and residue accumulation in black ducks fed toxaphene","docAbstract":"Three sets of 15 pairs of black ducks (Anas rubripes) were given 0, 10, or 50 ppm toxaphene in a dry mash diet for a period of 19 months, which included two breeding seasons. Survival of adults was not affected, but the weights of treated males were depressed during the summer months. Egg production, fertility, hatchability, eggshell thickness, growth, and survival of young did not vary with toxaphene ingestion in either breeding season. However, the mean number of days required to complete a clutch was lower in birds fed toxaphene than in birds on the control diet. Clutches of hens fed 50 ppm toxaphene showed improved hatching success in the second year of the study.
Carcass wet-weight (70% moisture) residues in adults and the young birds averaged from 50 to 100% of the dietary concentration (7% moisture); egg residues showed a similar trend. Carcass residues did not reflect those found in the livers or brains of the adults, which seldom exceeded 0.5 ppm. Toxaphene residues were found in the brain of only one 10 ppm bird, but were present in nearly all of the 50 ppm birds. Toxaphene residues were present in the liver all all birds ingesting toxaphene.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01055298","usgsCitation":"Haseltine, S.D., Finley, M.T., and Cromartie, E., 1980, Reproduction and residue accumulation in black ducks fed toxaphene: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 9, no. 4, p. 461-471, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01055298.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"461","endPage":"471","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194172,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db61083b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haseltine, S. D.","contributorId":80219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haseltine","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finley, M. T.","contributorId":40297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finley","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cromartie, E.","contributorId":13926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cromartie","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012162,"text":"70012162 - 1980 - Paleolimnology of two lakes in the Klutlan Glacier region, Yukon Territory, Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-10T16:56:19.461224","indexId":"70012162","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleolimnology of two lakes in the Klutlan Glacier region, Yukon Territory, Canada","docAbstract":"Lakes developed on progressively younger end moraines of the Klutlan Glacier were initially assumed to have originated shortly after moraine emplacement and to have persisted to the present. Limnological differences between lakes on old vs young moraines were thought to result from limnological maturation within the lakes and ponds themselves and in response to the development of soils and vegetation on moraine surfaces. This study represents a paleolimnological test of this hypothesis. If true, the first-formed sediments of lakes on old moraines should be comparable to sediments presently forming in lakes on young moraines. Geochemical and paleontological studies of surface sediment to a series of lakes on progressively older moraines provide baseline information for comparing successive levels of lake sediment cores from older moraines. Results indicate that the time of lake initiation seldom reflects moraine age. Even on the oldest moraine (Harris Creek), lake basins are presently forming. Their sediment character more closely relates to the rapidity of basin formation due to melting of buried ice than to age of the lake itself or of the moraine on which it is situated. Vegetation and soil development play an important but secondary role in determining the character of lake sediments; rapid subsidence can convert humic-water lakes surrounded by second-generation spruce forests into turbid-water lakes with unstable, slumping margins. A detailed paleolimnological study of two lakes, one on the unglaciated upland and another in an outwash channel penetrating the oldest moraine, revealed progressive limnologic changes through time, suggesting that their basins were stable for 1200 and 400 yr, respectively. The changes in diatom stratigraphy of these lakes appear to relate to natural limnological changes associated with lake maturation and accumulation of nutrients as well as to changes in the surrounding vegetation and soils.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0033-5894(80)90011-3","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Bradbury, J., and Whiteside, M., 1980, Paleolimnology of two lakes in the Klutlan Glacier region, Yukon Territory, Canada: Quaternary Research, v. 14, no. 1, p. 149-168, https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(80)90011-3.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"168","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222702,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Klutlan Glacier, Yukon Territory","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -142.43870210452135,\n 61.38706588615386\n ],\n [\n -142.43870210452135,\n 60.25153104610189\n ],\n [\n -139.92555185207507,\n 60.25153104610189\n ],\n [\n -139.92555185207507,\n 61.38706588615386\n ],\n [\n -142.43870210452135,\n 61.38706588615386\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a73ffe4b0c8380cd773a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradbury, J.P.","contributorId":14431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradbury","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whiteside, M.C.","contributorId":20610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whiteside","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012266,"text":"70012266 - 1980 - Identification of bedforms in lower Cook Inlet, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-24T15:49:00.496286","indexId":"70012266","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identification of bedforms in lower Cook Inlet, Alaska","docAbstract":"The seafloor of the central part of lower Cook Inlet, Alaska, is characterized by the presence of different sizes and types of bedforms. The bedforms in the sandy sediments include straight-crested to sinuous to lunate ripples, small, medium, and large sand waves, sand ridges, sand ribbons, and sand patches. In addition, rocky and pebbly seafloor has been identified. The water depth ranges from 25 to 120 m, and surface currents average 3.8 kt (2 m/s). Bottom currents have been measured at as much as 42 cm/s at 1 m above bottom. Underwater television observations have shown that the rate of sand transport is lower than expected because small amounts of clay and organic matter appear to inhibit remobilization. Only during the last 1 to 2 h of ebb and flood stages of spring tides, and during storms, does significant transport occur.
Comparison of data from high-resolution seismic profiling systems, side-scan sonar, bottom television and camera, and bottom sampling shows that bottom and bedform interpretations based solely on sonographs can be in error. Measuring the length of ‘acoustic shadows’ on sonographs to obtain bedform heights gives dimensions that are too large by factors of 3–7. Bottom television investigations revealed that the troughs between small sand waves are flat and carpeted by shell fragments. Such coarse material has a high acoustic reflectance that is not related to slope or height and can lead to false interpretations on bedform dimensions. Our observations have shown that small sand waves commonly superimposed on larger ones are slightly higher than those present on flat hard bottom but are still less than calculated from acoustic shadows.
Where the bottom is rather smooth or contains elevations small enough to be masked by bathymetric ‘noise’ caused by the pitching of the vessel, sonographs typically show either small sand waves, sand ribbons, sand patches, rocks, or smooth bottom. The smooth-bottom category can vary widely from ripples to gravelly or shelly or to small rocks with biological overgrowth as verified by television observations.
Our observations have clearly demonstrated the need for an integrated multi-scale observation and sampling program in order to classify the bottom characteristics and to provide quantitative data for transport calculations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0037-0738(80)90010-X","issn":"00370738","usgsCitation":"Bouma, A., Rappeport, M., Orlando, R., and Hampton, M.A., 1980, Identification of bedforms in lower Cook Inlet, Alaska: Sedimentary Geology, v. 26, no. 1-3, p. 157-177, https://doi.org/10.1016/0037-0738(80)90010-X.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"157","endPage":"177","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222188,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"lower Cook Inlet","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -152.4870322206383,\n 60.100055067421806\n ],\n [\n -153.1066624856955,\n 59.49951256275391\n ],\n [\n -152.6488113750808,\n 59.05498886789985\n ],\n [\n -152.22257659606962,\n 59.07011485805333\n ],\n [\n -152.00553241070148,\n 59.20694226681388\n ],\n [\n -151.80028880939128,\n 60.072502146811104\n ],\n [\n -152.4870322206383,\n 60.100055067421806\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3822e4b0c8380cd61460","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bouma, A.H.","contributorId":107281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bouma","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rappeport, M.L.","contributorId":48157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rappeport","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Orlando, R.C.","contributorId":69152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orlando","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hampton, M. A.","contributorId":103271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hampton","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":24510,"text":"ofr80914 - 1980 - The microzonation of the Memphis, Tennessee area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-18T16:31:47.09312","indexId":"ofr80914","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-914","title":"The microzonation of the Memphis, Tennessee area","docAbstract":"Although the probability of a major earthquake in the central U.S. is only one-tenth of the Californian events, any such event is expected to result in damage ten times greater than that anticipated in California. The city of Memphis, which is situated very close to the inferred epicenter of one of the three major 1811-1812 earthquakes, is in a potentially hazardous zone which will be susceptible to the usual seismic hazards. By recognizing the high level of seismicity in the New Madrid area, this study attempts to microzone the potential hazards in the city of Memphis.
This study examines the pertinent criteria necessary for any microzonation study. The subjects considered include:
(i) The seismicity of the central United States,
(ii) Design earthquakes,
(iii) Response analysis which allows us to construct the necessary microzonation maps.
The seismicity of the region is evaluated according to the state-of-the-art literature available as there is no recorded strong motion data available for the central U.S. The maximum credible earthquakes which are likely to affect Memphis are evaluated as the one in a thousand year occurrence. However, earthquakes of a lower intensity (and lower recurrence rates) are selected as design earthquakes to permit a more realistic microzonation to be performed.
For the response analysis, these earthquakes are simulated using synthetically generated accelerograms which exhibit the relevant parameters. These accelerograms displaying the significant characteristics of amplitude, predominant frequency and duration were selected to display, as accurately as possible, the anticipated nature of the horizontal bedrock-motions at Memphis. The horizontal motions (SH-waves) were applied at a depth of 45m below ground surface at numerous sites in the city of Memphis, where the soil stratigraphy had been conceptualized from borehole data.
The soils data made available by local sources was the only information used for this study as any laboratory testing was outside the scope of this study. The dynamic soil properties were thus established from the available Standard Penetration Resistances and soil classifications.
The results of the response analysis were transformed into microzonation maps depicting
(i) zones showing qualitative estimates of ground response,
(ii) zones showing the natural frequency of the soils,
(iii) zones showing the peak spectral acceleration for 2% damping ratio,
(iv) zones of liquefaction potential.
These maps are essentially useful for preliminary investigation and we do not expect them to be used on a quantitative basis. However, further investigation is necessary in determining the stratigraphy and soil properties to a more accurate level if an earthquake hazard is anticipated.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr80914","usgsCitation":"Sharma, S., and Kovacs, W.D., 1980, The microzonation of the Memphis, Tennessee area: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-914, vi, 129 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr80914.","productDescription":"vi, 129 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403923,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0914/report.pdf"},{"id":156554,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0914/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","city":"Memphis area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.076904296875,\n 35.074964853989556\n ],\n [\n -89.85992431640625,\n 35.074964853989556\n ],\n [\n -89.85992431640625,\n 35.22318504970181\n ],\n [\n -90.076904296875,\n 35.22318504970181\n ],\n [\n -90.076904296875,\n 35.074964853989556\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a28f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sharma, Sunil","contributorId":81522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharma","given":"Sunil","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kovacs, William D.","contributorId":95096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kovacs","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":23712,"text":"ofr80563 - 1980 - Geothermal resources in the Banbury Hot Springs area, Twin Falls County, Idaho","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":23712,"text":"ofr80563 - 1980 - Geothermal resources in the Banbury Hot Springs area, Twin Falls County, Idaho","indexId":"ofr80563","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"title":"Geothermal resources in the Banbury Hot Springs area, Twin Falls County, Idaho"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2119,"text":"wsp2186 - 1982 - Geothermal resources in the Banbury Hot Springs area, Twin Falls County, Idaho","indexId":"wsp2186","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"title":"Geothermal resources in the Banbury Hot Springs area, Twin Falls County, Idaho"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":2119,"text":"wsp2186 - 1982 - Geothermal resources in the Banbury Hot Springs area, Twin Falls County, Idaho","indexId":"wsp2186","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"title":"Geothermal resources in the Banbury Hot Springs area, Twin Falls County, Idaho"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-02T18:40:27.136245","indexId":"ofr80563","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-563","title":"Geothermal resources in the Banbury Hot Springs area, Twin Falls County, Idaho","docAbstract":"Thermal water (30.0 to 72.0 degrees Celsius) is produced from 26 wells and 2 springs in the vicinity of Banbury Hot Springs near Buhl, Idaho. Thermal water is used for space heating of private residences, catfish and tropical fish production, greenhouse operation, swimming pools, and therapeutic baths. In 1979, 10 ,300 acre-feet of thermal water was utilized; heat discharged convectively from the geothermal system was about 1.1 x 107 calories per second. Decline in artesian head and discharge apparent in recorder charts from two wells may represent seasonal fluctuations or may reflect aquifer response to development of the resource. Thermal waters sampled are sodium bicarbonate in character and slightly alkaline. Mixing of a hot (72 degrees Celsius) water with local, cooler ground water can be shown from various relations between stable isotopes, chloride, and enthalpy. On the basis of concentration of trituim, age of the waters sampled is at least 100 years an perhaps more than 1,000 years. One water (33 degress Celsius) may be as young as 29 years. On the basis of silica, sodium-potassium-calcium, and sulfate-water geothermometers, best estimate of the maximum reservoir temperature for the thermal waters is between about 70 and 100 degrees Celsius.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr80563","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Lewis, R., and Young, H., 1980, Geothermal resources in the Banbury Hot Springs area, Twin Falls County, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-563, Report: iv, 35 p.; 2 Plates: 20.55 x 12.53 inches and 20.45 x 12.50 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr80563.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 35 p.; 2 Plates: 20.55 x 12.53 inches and 20.45 x 12.50 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156132,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0563/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":404689,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0563/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":404688,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0563/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":404687,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0563/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","county":"Twin Falls County","otherGeospatial":"Banbury Hot Springs area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.84695434570311,\n 42.65012181368022\n ],\n [\n -114.7906494140625,\n 42.65012181368022\n ],\n [\n -114.7906494140625,\n 42.69959515809203\n ],\n [\n -114.84695434570311,\n 42.69959515809203\n ],\n [\n -114.84695434570311,\n 42.65012181368022\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67aece","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewis, R.E.","contributorId":31735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Young, H.W.","contributorId":68278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"H.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":6060,"text":"pp1180 - 1980 - Grinnell and Sperry Glaciers, Glacier National Park, Montana: A record of vanishing ice","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-01T19:48:16.36775","indexId":"pp1180","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1180","title":"Grinnell and Sperry Glaciers, Glacier National Park, Montana: A record of vanishing ice","docAbstract":"Grinnell and Sperry Glaciers, in Glacier National Park, Mont., have both shrunk considerably since their discovery in 1887 and 1895, respectively. This shrinkage, a reflection of climatic conditions, is evident when photographs taken at the time of discovery are compared with later photographs. Annual precipitation and terminus-recession measurements, together with detailed systematic topographic mapping since 1900, clearly record the changes in the character and size of these glaciers.
Grinnell Glacier decreased in area from 530 acres in 1900 to 315 acres in 1960 and to 298 acres in 1966. Between 1937 and 1969 the terminus receded nearly 1,200 feet. Periodic profile measurements indicate that in 1969 the surface over the main part of the glacier was 25-30 feet lower than in 1950. Observations from 1947 to 1969 indicate annual northeastward movement ranging from 32 to 52 feet and generally averaging 35-45 feet. The annual runoff at the glacier is estimated to be 150 inches, of which approximately 6 inches represents reduction in glacier volume. The average annual runoff at a gaging station on Grinnell Creek 1.5 miles downvalley from the glacier for the 20-year period, 1949-69, was 100 inches. The average annual precipitation over the glacier was probably 120-150 inches.
Sperry Glacier occupied 800 acres in 1901; by 1960 it covered only 287 acres, much of its upper part having disappeared from the enclosing cirque. From 1938 to 1969 certain segments of the terminus receded more than 1,000 feet. Profile measurements dating from 1949 indicate a lowering of the glacier surface below an altitude of 7,500 feet, but a fairly constant or slightly increased elevation of the surface above an altitude of 7,500 feet. Along one segment of the 1969 terminus the ice had been more than 100 feet thick in 1950. According to observations during 1949-69, average annual downslope movement was less than 15 feet per year in the central part of the glacier and slightly more rapid toward the edges and at higher parts on the glacier.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1180","usgsCitation":"Johnson, A., 1980, Grinnell and Sperry Glaciers, Glacier National Park, Montana: A record of vanishing ice: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1180, Report: vi, 29 p.; 2 Plates: 18.76 x 35.16 inches and 15.01 x 32.46 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1180.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 29 p.; 2 Plates: 18.76 x 35.16 inches and 15.01 x 32.46 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":409939,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4746.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":33060,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1180/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":340311,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1180/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":340312,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1180/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124515,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1180/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Glacier National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114,\n 47.5\n ],\n [\n -113.5,\n 47.5\n ],\n [\n -113.5,\n 48.8\n ],\n [\n -114,\n 48.8\n ],\n [\n -114,\n 47.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab1e4b07f02db66dead","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Arthur","contributorId":76720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Arthur","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26416,"text":"wri8046 - 1980 - Hydrologic analysis of the proposed Badger-Beaver Creeks artificial-recharge project: Morgan County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-12T21:29:23.400082","indexId":"wri8046","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-46","title":"Hydrologic analysis of the proposed Badger-Beaver Creeks artificial-recharge project: Morgan County, Colorado","docAbstract":"A hydrologic analysis of the proposed Badger-Beaver Creeks artificial-recharge project in Morgan County, Colo., was made with the aid of three digital computer models: A canal-distribution model, a ground-water flow model, and a stream-aquifer model. Statistical summaries of probable diversions from the South Platte River based on a 27-year period of historical flows indicate that an average-annual diversion of 96,000 acre-feet and a median-annual diversion of 43,000 acre-feet would be available. Diversions would sustain water in ponds for waterfowl habitat for an average of about five months per year, with a miximum pond surface area of about 300 acres with the median diversions and a maximum pond surface area of about 1,250 acres at least one-half of the years with the historic diversions. If the annual diversion were 43,000 acre-feet, recharge to the two alluvial aquifers would raise water levels sufficiently to create flowing streams in the channels of Beaver and Badger Creeks while allowing an increase in current ground-water pumping. The only area of significant waterlogging would be along the proposed delivery canal on the west edge of Badger Creek valley. If the total water available were diverted, the aquifer system could not transmit the water fast enough to the irrigation areas to avoid considerable waterlogging in the recharge areas. The impact of the proposed project on the South Platte River basin would be minimal once the ground-water system attained steady-state conditions, but that may take decades with a uniform diversion of the 43,000 acre-feet annually.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri8046","usgsCitation":"Burns, A.W., 1980, Hydrologic analysis of the proposed Badger-Beaver Creeks artificial-recharge project: Morgan County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 80-46, vi, 88 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8046.","productDescription":"vi, 88 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394283,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35413.htm"},{"id":55210,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/0046/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/0046/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Morgan County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.933,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -103.5,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -103.5,\n 40.25\n ],\n [\n -103.933,\n 40.25\n ],\n [\n -103.933,\n 40\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611906","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burns, Alan W.","contributorId":41419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28501,"text":"wri7966 - 1980 - Water resources of the Port Gamble Indian Reservation, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-06T15:25:02","indexId":"wri7966","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-66","title":"Water resources of the Port Gamble Indian Reservation, Washington","docAbstract":"This report provides information on the water resources of the Port Gamble Indian Reservation, Washington, including ground- and surface-water quality and quantity data and interpretations of the data. This information was gathered to provide a base for management and protection of the water resources of the reservation.
Ground water in the study area generally occurs in two aquifers. A shallow aquifer in weathered till (or fine sand and gravel) generally yields only enough water to wells to supply one or two households, and a lower artesian-aquifer system of sand and gravel layers near or below sea level produces higher yields--more than 65 gallons per minute to at least one well. Future supplies of ground water probably can be withdrawn from the lower artesian-aquifer system almost anywhere beneath the reservation. The estimated natural discharge of ground water from the lower artesian-aquifer system to Hood Canal and Port Gamble (bay) is about 42,000 cubic feet per day, or an average of about 220 gallons per minute. Of this amount, it is estimated that about 90 gallons per minute can be economically withdrawn, probably without greatly increasing chances of seawater intrusion. One well in the area taps a still deeper artesian aquifer that is otherwise unexplored. This aquifer, 75 to 80 feet or more below sea level, could possibly supply additional ground water for future use. Ground-water quality is good, but the water is moderately hard and has moderately high iron concentrations. Chloride analyses indicate that in 1977 there was no seawater intrusion into the lower aquifer tapped by wells in the community of Little Boston.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7966","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Little Boston Tribe of the Klallam Indian Nation","usgsCitation":"Lum, W.E., 1980, Water resources of the Port Gamble Indian Reservation, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 79-66, vi, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7966.","productDescription":"vi, 52 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159656,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0066/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":363543,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0066/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States ","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Port Gamble Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.07708740234374,\n 47.455951443369926\n ],\n [\n -122.14736938476562,\n 47.455951443369926\n ],\n [\n -122.14736938476562,\n 48.011975126709956\n ],\n [\n -123.07708740234374,\n 48.011975126709956\n ],\n [\n -123.07708740234374,\n 47.455951443369926\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67af17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lum, W. E. II","contributorId":81504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lum","given":"W.","suffix":"II","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":23292,"text":"ofr80576 - 1980 - Development and use of a mathematical model of the San Bernardino Valley ground-water basin, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:03","indexId":"ofr80576","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-576","title":"Development and use of a mathematical model of the San Bernardino Valley ground-water basin, California","docAbstract":"Part of the San Bernardino urbanized area in California overlies formerly swampy lands with a history of flowing wells. This area , upgradient from and adjacent to the San Jacinto fault, contains a zone in an alluvial ground-water basin that is under artesian pressure. Since 1945, withdrawals have exceeded recharge and caused head declines of more than 100 feet. Artificial recharge of imported water in the upgradient areas may cause ground-water levels to rise, which could cause abandoned but unplugged wells to resume flowing. If so, structures could be damaged. A two-layer Galerkin finite-element digital model was used for predicting the rate and extent of the rise in water levels from 1975 to 2000. Six hydrologic conditions were modeled for the basin. Artificial recharge of one-half entitlement and full entitlement from the California Aqueduct were each coupled with low, average, and high natural recharge to the basin. According to model predictions, the greatest water level rises will be along the San Bernardino front. This area encompasses the artificial recharge sites and also has a thick section of unsaturated sediments for storing ground water. The formerly swampy lands between Warm Creek and the Santa Ana River adjacent to the San Jacinto fault have little additional storage capacity, and water levels could rise to the land surface as early as 1983 under maximum recharge conditions and 1970-74 average pumping conditions. If pumping rates are reduced in the Warm Creek area, water levels may rise to land surface prior to the dates predicted by the model, regardless of the artificial-recharge program. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr80576","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Hardt, W.F., and Hutchinson, C.B., 1980, Development and use of a mathematical model of the San Bernardino Valley ground-water basin, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-576, iv, 84 p. ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr80576.","productDescription":"iv, 84 p. ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156074,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0576/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52577,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0576/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":52578,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0576/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e0ebe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hardt, William F.","contributorId":70013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardt","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hutchinson, C. B.","contributorId":94655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70156300,"text":"70156300 - 1980 - Trends in the distribution of recent foraminifera in San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-26T15:27:55","indexId":"70156300","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3913,"text":"Cushman Foundation Special Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trends in the distribution of recent foraminifera in San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"Much of the bathymetry of the southern part of San Francisco Bay reflects the drainage pattern of late Pleistocene streams. Holocene estuarine silt and clay cover most of the bay floor; relict eolian and deltaic sand occurs along the eastern shore; sandy patches are present in the main channel owing to higher tidal current velocities. Organic content is high along the western shore, where tidal flats are extensive, and in the slough at the mouth of Coyote Creek where wastewaters discharge.
\nThirty-one species of benthonic foraminifera were identified in surficial sediments of San Francisco Bay estuary; of these, 20 species were stained red by rose Bengal and are considered as live. Water depth, sediment textural characteristics, salinity, organic matter, sediment pH, and biological competition were considered as factors that might affect distribution of foraminifera. Four ecologic zones based on observed trends in the distribution and abundance of several species correlate well with some environmental factors. Four groups based on the Q-mode analysis of frequency counts of foraminiferal assemblages are reasonably similar to the four ecologic zones. These zones, showing restricted depth ranges, are: Inner Coastal Zone, where Elphidium incertum obscurum and Trochammina infiata are prominent; Outer Coastal Zone, dominated by Ammonia beccarii tepida and Elphidium incatum; Deep Bay Zone, where Elphidietla hannai, Elphidium incertum clavatum, Hopkinsina pacifica, and Bolivina spp. appear in abundance; and Deep Channel Zone, where Elphidiella hannai is most abundant. In the Inner Coastal Zone, salinity due to large fluctuations is a limiting factor for many species. Substrate textural characteristics are primary determinants of the distribution of agglutinated foraminifers. The percentage of organic matter in the sediment correlates well with the abundance of Elphidium incertum obscurum, a ubiquitous species in San Francisco Bay. Sediment pH is not critical. Biologic competition can be estimated by comparing the percentage of a species with the number of species present in the assemblage, as shown for Ammonia beccarii tepida and Elphidiella hannai.
","publisher":"Cushman Foundation","usgsCitation":"Arnal, R., Quinterno, P., Conomos, T.J., and Gram, R., 1980, Trends in the distribution of recent foraminifera in San Francisco Bay: Cushman Foundation Special Publication, v. 19, p. 17-39.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"39","numberOfPages":"287","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308179,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":306918,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.cushmanfoundation.org/specpubs/index.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.9207763671875,\n 37.42688834526727\n ],\n [\n -122.05673217773438,\n 37.41925395973696\n ],\n [\n -122.12127685546875,\n 37.438883664067525\n ],\n [\n -122.15286254882812,\n 37.489025074767866\n ],\n [\n -122.27508544921875,\n 37.54784381205082\n ],\n [\n -122.39593505859376,\n 37.604440246103614\n ],\n [\n -122.43850708007811,\n 37.71750400999666\n ],\n [\n -122.43713378906249,\n 37.792422407988575\n ],\n [\n -122.19818115234375,\n 37.783740105227224\n ],\n [\n -122.14736938476562,\n 37.67512527892127\n ],\n [\n -122.05673217773438,\n 37.57397058830708\n ],\n [\n -121.9317626953125,\n 37.48684571271661\n ],\n [\n -121.9207763671875,\n 37.42688834526727\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55fa92d6e4b05d6c4e501ae1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arnal, R.E.","contributorId":75141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnal","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quinterno, P. J.","contributorId":65465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinterno","given":"P. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conomos, T. J.","contributorId":77515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conomos","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gram, Ralph","contributorId":146641,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gram","given":"Ralph","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70012225,"text":"70012225 - 1980 - Aeromagnetic and radio echo ice-sounding measurements show much greater area of the Dufek intrusion, Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-12T16:42:33.621979","indexId":"70012225","displayToPublicDate":"1980-08-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aeromagnetic and radio echo ice-sounding measurements show much greater area of the Dufek intrusion, Antarctica","docAbstract":"A combined aeromagnetic and radio echo ice-sounding survey made in 1978 in Antarctica over the Dufek layered mafic intrusion suggests a minimum area of the intrusion of about 50,000 square kilometers, making it comparable in size with the Bushveld Complex of Africa. Comparisons of the magnetic and subglacial topographic profiles illustrate the usefulness of this combination of methods in studying bedrock geology beneath ice-covered areas. Magnetic anomalies range in peak-to-trough amplitude from about 50 nanoteslas over the lowermost exposed portion of the section in the Dufek Massif to about 3600 nanoteslas over the uppermost part of the section in the Forrestal Range. Theoretical magnetic anomalies, computed from a model based on the subice topography fitted to the highest amplitude observed magnetic anomalies, required normal and reversed magnetizations ranging from 10-3 to 10-2 electromagnetic units per cubic centimeter. This result is interpreted as indicating that the Dufek intrusion cooled through the Curie isotherm during one or more reversals of the earth's magnetic field.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Scienc","doi":"10.1126/science.209.4460.1014","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Behrendt, J.C., Drewry, D., Jankowski, E., and Grim, M.S., 1980, Aeromagnetic and radio echo ice-sounding measurements show much greater area of the Dufek intrusion, Antarctica: Science, v. 209, no. 4460, p. 1014-1017, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.209.4460.1014.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1014","endPage":"1017","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222581,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica","volume":"209","issue":"4460","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e72ee4b0c8380cd478b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Behrendt, John C. jbehrendt@usgs.gov","contributorId":25945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Behrendt","given":"John","email":"jbehrendt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":213,"text":"Crustal Imaging and Characterization Team","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":363025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drewry, D.J.","contributorId":41968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drewry","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jankowski, E.","contributorId":7420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jankowski","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grim, M. S.","contributorId":102884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grim","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5221628,"text":"5221628 - 1980 - Pollution ecology of breeding great blue herons in the Columbia Basin, Oregon and Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-12T15:53:40.599745","indexId":"5221628","displayToPublicDate":"1980-06-16T12:19:23","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2793,"text":"Murrelet","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pollution ecology of breeding great blue herons in the Columbia Basin, Oregon and Washington","docAbstract":"Approximately 40 pairs of Great Blue Herons (Ardea herodias) formerly nested in trees on or near Blalock Island about 95 km downstream from Richland, Washington, in the Columbia River (Nehls 1972 ). In conjunction with construction of the John Day Lock and Dam and before creating Lake Umatilla in 1968, large trees along the shoreline, including those in the heronry on Blalock Island, were removed except for about six cottonwood trees (Populus sp.) that were left standing near the south bank of the river (David Lenhart, pers. comm.). As a mitigation procedure, the Umatilla National Wildlife Refuge (Umatilla) was established in 1967. The herons subsequently established a secondary heronry in the six cottonwoods; 20 pairs were present in 1971 (Nehls 1972). The inundated trees died and deteriorated; only two trees with eight nests remained in 1976 (Henny and Kurtz 1978), and we found just two nests in one tree in 1978. With a decrease in traditional nesting sites, the birds nested on islands in big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata), on channel markers in the Columbia River, and on nesting platforms constructed for Canada Geese (Branta canadensis). The purpose of this paper is to describe the breeding biology of Great Blue Herons at Umatilla and the McNary Recreation Area (McNary) in 1978 and the relationship of organochlorine residues in eggs to eggshell thickness and reproductive success. The primary reason for conducting this study was to determine if the heptachlor seed treatment that was severely affecting Canada Geese at Umatilla (Blus et al. 1979) was also a hazard to Great Blue Herons. At the same time we also investigated possible effects of other organochlorines on the herons.
","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Northwestern Vertebrate Biology","doi":"10.2307/3535035","usgsCitation":"Blus, L.J., Henny, C.J., and Kaiser, T., 1980, Pollution ecology of breeding great blue herons in the Columbia Basin, Oregon and Washington: Murrelet, v. 61, no. 2, p. 63-71, https://doi.org/10.2307/3535035.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"71","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194218,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia Basin, McNary Recreation Area, Umatilla National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.12451171875,\n 45.76943886620391\n ],\n [\n -118.7841796875,\n 45.76943886620391\n ],\n [\n -118.7841796875,\n 46.09609080214316\n ],\n [\n -120.12451171875,\n 46.09609080214316\n ],\n [\n -120.12451171875,\n 45.76943886620391\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"61","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db684501","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blus, L. J.","contributorId":38116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blus","given":"L.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henny, Charles J.","contributorId":12578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kaiser, T. E.","contributorId":75486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaiser","given":"T. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70209873,"text":"70209873 - 1980 - Stability of sulfur slopes on Io","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-01T19:50:46.725727","indexId":"70209873","displayToPublicDate":"1980-05-01T14:48:26","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stability of sulfur slopes on Io","docAbstract":"The mechanical properties of elemental sulfur are such that the upper crust of Io cannot be primarily sulfur. For heat flows in the range 100–1000 ergs cm−2, sec−1, sulfur becomes ductile within several hundred meters of the surface and would prevent the formation of calderas with depths greater than this. However, the one caldera for which precise depth data are available is 2 km deep, and this value may be typical. A study of the mechanical equilibrium of simple slopes shows that the depth to the zone of rapid ductile flow strongly controls the maximum heights for sulfur slopes. Sulfur scarps with heights greater than 1 km will fail for all heat flows greater than 180 ergs cm−2 sec−1 and slope angles greater than 22.5°. The observed relief on Io is inconsistent with that anticipated for a predominantly sulfur crust. However, a silicate crust with several percent sulfur included satisfies both the mechanical constraints and the observed presence of sulfur on Io.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0019-1035(80)90022-6","usgsCitation":"Clow, G.D., and Carr, M.H., 1980, Stability of sulfur slopes on Io: Icarus, v. 44, no. 2, p. 268-279, https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(80)90022-6.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"268","endPage":"279","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374438,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clow, Gary D. 0000-0002-2262-3853 clow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2262-3853","contributorId":2066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"Gary","email":"clow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carr, M. H.","contributorId":84727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":788356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70112924,"text":"70112924 - 1980 - Need for new sensors to map lithologic units","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-18T12:32:41","indexId":"70112924","displayToPublicDate":"1980-04-17T12:14:02","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3393,"text":"Sixth Annual Pecora Symposium and Exposition","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Need for new sensors to map lithologic units","docAbstract":"One of the most important contributions that remote sensing can make to mineral energy explorations to provide data from satellites to augment regional geological mapping. Geologic maps, which show information on the subsurface, are the main basis for formulating models of resource genesis that guide exploration. However, conventional compilation procedures are time-consuming and therefore often slow the pace of exploration, especially in large, inaccessible areas. Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS) images have been applied to a wide variety of specific geological problems, including discrimination of lithologic and delineation of previously unrecognized tectonic features. However, these lithologic distinctions are based on brightness, spectral reflectance, and, less commonly, the morphology of the unit, which in the wavelength region of MSS images are only rarely diagnostic of specific mineralogical content. Limonite is the only lithological material that can be identified be analyzing MSS spectral radiance.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sixth Annual Pecora Symposium and Exposition","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","usgsCitation":"Rowan, L.C., 1980, Need for new sensors to map lithologic units: Sixth Annual Pecora Symposium and Exposition, p. 106-107.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"106","endPage":"107","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288806,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7783e4b0abf75cf2c164","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Barringer, Anthony R.","contributorId":112053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barringer","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509905,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Rowan, Lawrence C.","contributorId":58629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowan","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1007463,"text":"1007463 - 1980 - Ecological survey of the night monkey, Aotus trivirgatus, in Formosa Province, Argentina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-25T15:06:22.494718","indexId":"1007463","displayToPublicDate":"1980-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3118,"text":"Primates","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecological survey of the night monkey, Aotus trivirgatus, in Formosa Province, Argentina","docAbstract":"Transect surveys were carried out in northern Argentina during October and November 1977 in order to determine the distribution and abundance ofAotus trivirgatus. The monkeys were seen in pairs with one to two recent young and occurred at a density of approximately six family groups/km2.Aotus was only found in relatively moist, riparian, low forests. Some life history traits, such as diurnal activity and the lack of tree-hole use, are distinctive compared to more northern populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1007/BF02374034","usgsCitation":"Rathbun, G.B., and Gache, M., 1980, Ecological survey of the night monkey, Aotus trivirgatus, in Formosa Province, Argentina: Primates, v. 21, no. 2, p. 211-219, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02374034.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"211","endPage":"219","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130025,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Argentina","otherGeospatial":"Formosa Province","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -64.05556625012242,\n -21.980334452618607\n ],\n [\n -64.34907940078331,\n -22.922489296185887\n ],\n [\n -61.20353210232372,\n -24.74764019878362\n ],\n [\n -58.40078228584114,\n -26.853071331380892\n ],\n [\n -57.94576340375764,\n -26.38387287738697\n ],\n [\n -57.46263911012467,\n -25.465403829335624\n ],\n [\n -60.899560459603116,\n -23.60074392833471\n ],\n [\n -62.70702072043386,\n -21.988048485869285\n ],\n [\n -64.05556625012242,\n -21.980334452618607\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627b9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rathbun, G. B.","contributorId":106044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rathbun","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gache, M.","contributorId":69505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gache","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012160,"text":"70012160 - 1980 - Comment on 'A reinterpretation of the linear heat flow and heat production relationship for the exponential model of the heat production in the crust' by R.N. Singh & J.G. Negi.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-12T11:30:06","indexId":"70012160","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1804,"text":"Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comment on 'A reinterpretation of the linear heat flow and heat production relationship for the exponential model of the heat production in the crust' by R.N. Singh & J.G. Negi.","docAbstract":"In their recent paper, Singh & Negi, (This journal, 57, 741-744) contend that if thd slope of the empirical linear relation between heat flow and heat production is interpreted as the decay-length of an exponential depth-distribution of sources, a discrepancy rises, whereas if it is interpreted as the depth of a step distribution, it does not. I should like to point out that their discrepancy follows from their arbitrary assumption of one of a range of physical possibilities unconstrained by the observations; with an equally valid alternate assumption (Lachenbruch 1970) the discrepancy disappears. In any case such discrepancies are probably minor compared to physical difficulties that arise from the step model, and to uncertainties introduced by other assumptions in any simple model.-Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.1980.tb02653.x","usgsCitation":"Lachenbruch, A., 1980, Comment on 'A reinterpretation of the linear heat flow and heat production relationship for the exponential model of the heat production in the crust' by R.N. Singh & J.G. Negi.: Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, v. 63, no. 3, p. 791-795, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1980.tb02653.x.","startPage":"791","endPage":"795","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480591,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.1980.tb02653.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":222700,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269145,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1980.tb02653.x"}],"volume":"63","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7ece4b0c8380cd4cda6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lachenbruch, A.H.","contributorId":76737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lachenbruch","given":"A.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70010385,"text":"70010385 - 1980 - The age curves of sulfur and oxygen isotopes in marine sulfate and their mutual interpretation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-19T11:33:04","indexId":"70010385","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The age curves of sulfur and oxygen isotopes in marine sulfate and their mutual interpretation","docAbstract":"Three hundred new samples of marine evaporite sulfate, of world-wide distribution, were analyzed for δ34S, and 60 of these also for δ18O in the sulfate ion. Detailed δ34S age curves for Tertiary—Cretaceous, Permian—Pennsylvanian, Devonian, Cambrian and Proterozoic times document large variations in δ34S. A summary curve forδ18O also shows definite variations, some at different times than δ34S, and always smaller. The measured δ34S and δ18O correspond to variations in these isotopes in sulfate of the world ocean surface. The variations of δ18O are controlled by input and output fluxes of sulfur in the ocean, three of which are the same that control δ34S: deposition and erosion of sulfate, and deposition of sulfide. Erosion of sulfide differs in its effect on the S and O systems. δ18O in the sulfate does not seem to be measurably affected by equilibration with either seawater or with subsurface waters after crystallization. In principle, the simultaneous application of both δ34S and δ18O age curves should help reduce the number of assumptions in calculations of the cycles of sulfur and oxygen through geological time, and a new model involving symmetrical fluxes is introduced here to take advantage of the oxygen data. However, all previously published models as well as this one lead to anomalies, such as unreasonable calcium or oxygen depletions in the ocean—atmosphere system. In addition, most models are incapable of reproducing the sharp rises of the δ34S curve in the late Proterozoic, the Devonian and the Triassic which would be the result of unreasonably fast net sulfide deposition. This fast depletion could result from an ocean that has not always been mixed (as previously assumed in all model calculations).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(80)90047-9","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Claypool, G.E., Holser, W.T., Kaplan, I.R., Sakai, H., and Zak, I., 1980, The age curves of sulfur and oxygen isotopes in marine sulfate and their mutual interpretation: Chemical Geology, v. 28, no. C, p. 199-260, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(80)90047-9.","productDescription":"62 p.","startPage":"199","endPage":"260","numberOfPages":"62","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218864,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266126,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(80)90047-9"}],"volume":"28","issue":"C","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba9ade4b08c986b32241d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Claypool, George E.","contributorId":76312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Claypool","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holser, William T.","contributorId":12131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holser","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kaplan, Isaac R.","contributorId":8218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaplan","given":"Isaac","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sakai, Hitoshi","contributorId":30639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sakai","given":"Hitoshi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zak, Israel","contributorId":48697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zak","given":"Israel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}