The pros and cons of the three conodont-based boundaries of the Frasnian and Famennian Stages and their corresponding GSSPs (Global Stratotype Section and Point) are evaluated in terms of current taxonomic, biostratigraphic, and sedimentologic knowledge. Two of these boundaries are based on easily identified pelagic species, which provide excellent bases for global correlation. The third, for the base of the Frasnian, is based on a neritic species, whose taxonomy has been heatedly debated. The GSSPs for these three levels are all located in the Montagne Noire of southern France, partly because of political motivation to balance GSSPs selected in other regions. All three GSSPs are at levels from which global correlations cannot be effectively accomplished without aid from other, more complete sections or without making correlations strictly on the basis of taxonomic concepts - i.e., the entry of the definitive conodont species. Future deliberating bodies may want to reconsider the species chosen to delimit the base of the Frasnian and to select better GSSPs for all three boundaries.
","language":"English","publisher":"Schweizerbart Science Publications","doi":"10.1127/nos/33/1995/157","issn":"00780421","usgsCitation":"Ziegler, W., and Sandberg, C., 1995, Reflexions on Frasnian and Famennian stage boundary decisions as a guide to future deliberations: Newsletters on Stratigraphy, v. 33, no. 3, p. 157-180, https://doi.org/10.1127/nos/33/1995/157.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"157","endPage":"180","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227143,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a444e4b0e8fec6cdbafb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ziegler, W.","contributorId":57614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ziegler","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sandberg, Charles sandberg@usgs.gov","contributorId":199124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandberg","given":"Charles","email":"sandberg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":378804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70209628,"text":"70209628 - 1995 - Dust deposition in southern Nevada and California, 1984–1989: Relations to climate, source area, and source lithology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-16T14:02:37.312524","indexId":"70209628","displayToPublicDate":"1995-05-20T08:58:26","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dust deposition in southern Nevada and California, 1984–1989: Relations to climate, source area, and source lithology","docAbstract":"Dust samples collected annually for 5 years from 55 sites in southern Nevada and California provide the first regional source of information on modern rates of dust deposition, grain size, and mineralogical and chemical composition relative to climate and to type and lithology of dust source. The average silt and clay flux (rate of deposition) in southern Nevada and southeastern California ranges from 4.3 to 15.7 g/m2/yr, but in southwestern California the average silt and clay flux is as high as 30 g/m2/yr. The climatic factors that affect dust flux interact with each other and with the factors of source type (playas versus alluvium), source lithology, geographic area, and human disturbance. Average dust flux increases with mean annual temperature but is not correlated to decreases in mean annual precipitation because the regional winds bring dust to relatively wet areas. In contrast, annual dust flux mostly reflects changes in annual precipitation (relative drought) rather than temperature. Although playa and alluvial sources produce about the same amount of dust per unit area, the total volume of dust from the more extensive alluvial sources is much larger. In addition, playa and alluvial sources respond differently to annual changes in precipitation. Most playas produce dust that is richer in soluble salts and carbonate than that from alluvial sources (except carbonate‐rich alluvium). Gypsum dust may be produced by the interaction of carbonate dust and anthropogenic or marine sulfates. The dust flux in an arid urbanizing area may be as much as twice that before disturbance but decreases when construction stops. The mineralogic and major‐oxide composition of the dust samples indicates that sand and some silt is locally derived and deposited, whereas clay and some silt from different sources can be far‐traveled. Dust deposited in the Transverse Ranges of California by the Santa Ana winds appears to be mainly derived from sources to the north and east.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","usgsCitation":"Hildenbrand, T., Schweig, E.S., Catchings, R.D., Langenheim, V., Mooney, W.D., Pratt, T.L., and Stanley, W.D., 1995, Crustal geophysics gives insight into new madrid seismic zone: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 76, no. 7, p. 65-72 .","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"65","endPage":"72 ","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374893,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":374892,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/EO076i007p00065-01"}],"country":"","state":"","volume":"76","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hildenbrand, T.G.","contributorId":83892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildenbrand","given":"T.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schweig, Eugene S. 0000-0003-3669-9741 schweig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3669-9741","contributorId":1271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schweig","given":"Eugene","email":"schweig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":789340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Catchings, Rufus D. 0000-0002-5191-6102 catching@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5191-6102","contributorId":1519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Catchings","given":"Rufus","email":"catching@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":789341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Langenheim, Victoria E. 0000-0003-2170-5213","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":206978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"Victoria E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":789342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":789343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pratt, Thomas L. 0000-0003-3131-3141 tpratt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3131-3141","contributorId":3279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"Thomas","email":"tpratt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":789344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stanley, W. D.","contributorId":86756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70018915,"text":"70018915 - 1995 - Influence of static stress changes on earthquake locations in southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-27T16:51:03.603317","indexId":"70018915","displayToPublicDate":"1995-05-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of static stress changes on earthquake locations in southern California","docAbstract":"Earthquakes induce changes in static stress on neighbouring faults that may delay, hasten or even trigger subsequent earthquakes1–10. The length of time over which such effects persist has a bearing on the potential contribution of stress analyses to earthquake hazard assessment, but is presently unknown. Here we use an elastic half-space model11 to estimate the static stress changes generated by damaging (magnitude M≥5) earthquakes in southern California over the past 26 years, and to investigate the influence of these changes on subsequent earthquake activity. We find that, in the 1.5-year period following a M≥5 earthquake, any subsequent nearby M≥5 earthquake almost always ruptures a fault that is loaded towards failure by the first earthquake. After this period, damaging earthquakes are equally likely to rupture loaded and relaxed faults. Our results suggest that there is a short period of time following a damaging earthquake in southern California in which simple Coulomb failure stress models could be used to identify regions of increased seismic hazard.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/375221a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Harris, R., Simpson, R., and Reasenberg, P., 1995, Influence of static stress changes on earthquake locations in southern California: Nature, v. 375, no. 6528, p. 221-224, https://doi.org/10.1038/375221a0.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"221","endPage":"224","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226305,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"southern California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.657319826278,\n 34.86825505210429\n ],\n [\n -121.657319826278,\n 32.74557380307421\n ],\n [\n -114.41789243420921,\n 32.74557380307421\n ],\n [\n -114.41789243420921,\n 34.86825505210429\n ],\n [\n -121.657319826278,\n 34.86825505210429\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"375","issue":"6528","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b7de4b0c8380cd6259f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harris, R.A. 0000-0002-9247-0768","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9247-0768","contributorId":41849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simpson, R.W.","contributorId":76738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reasenberg, P.A.","contributorId":19959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reasenberg","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70210134,"text":"70210134 - 1995 - The making of metal deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-14T20:40:24.464526","indexId":"70210134","displayToPublicDate":"1995-05-14T15:34:55","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The making of metal deposits","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/377679a0","usgsCitation":"Koski, R.A., 1995, The making of metal deposits: Nature, v. 377, p. 679-680, https://doi.org/10.1038/377679a0.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"679","endPage":"680","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374856,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"377","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koski, Randolph A. rkoski@usgs.gov","contributorId":2949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koski","given":"Randolph","email":"rkoski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":789244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70018970,"text":"70018970 - 1995 - Seismic evidence for an earthquake nucleation phase","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-12T16:24:23.975648","indexId":"70018970","displayToPublicDate":"1995-05-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic evidence for an earthquake nucleation phase","docAbstract":"Near-source observations show that earthquakes initiate with a distinctive seismic nucleation phase that is characterized by a low rate of moment release relative to the rest of the event. This phase was observed for the 30 earthquakes having moment magnitudes 2.6 to 8.1, and the size and duration of this phase scale with the eventual size of the earthquake. During the nucleation phase, moment release was irregular and appears to have been confined to a limited region of the fault. It was characteristically followed by quadratic growth in the moment rate as rupture began to propagate away from the nucleation zone. These observations suggest that the nucleation process exerts a strong influence on the size of the eventual earthquake.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.268.5212.851","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Ellsworth, W., and Beroza, G., 1995, Seismic evidence for an earthquake nucleation phase: Science, v. 268, no. 5212, p. 851-855, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.268.5212.851.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"851","endPage":"855","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226442,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"268","issue":"5212","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b0de4b08c986b317557","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellsworth, W.L.","contributorId":48541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beroza, G. C.","contributorId":95626,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beroza","given":"G. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70203373,"text":"70203373 - 1995 - The biogeochemistry of wetlands in the San Luis Valley, Colorado: The effects of acid drainage from natural and mine sources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-10T08:59:07","indexId":"70203373","displayToPublicDate":"1995-05-08T11:35:31","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"The biogeochemistry of wetlands in the San Luis Valley, Colorado: The effects of acid drainage from natural and mine sources","docAbstract":"The Summitville Mine, located near the old mining town of Summitville in Rio Grande County, Colorado, operated between July 1986 and December 1992 as a large-tonnage open-pit heap-leach gold mine. During its 6 years of existence the trace metal levels in drainage water from the mine site were elevated over historical (pre-1986) levels (Moran and Wentz, 1974) due to input from three sources—heap leach water, seeps that occur throughout the mine workings, and an increase in the metal load of water coming from the old Reynolds Adit. Mine-drainage waters flow into Wightman Fork, a small tributary of the Alamosa River, which in turn flows east into the San Luis Valley. The increase in the trace metal burden of the Alamosa River watershed is of concern to farmers, land owners, and Federal and State wildlife agencies.
The information presented here is largely abstracted from reports previously published (Balistrieri and others, 1995; Gough and others, 1995).
Stable oxygen and carbon isotope geochemistry of ostracode valves, abundance and assemblages of ostracode species, and sedimentological parameters from cores taken in Williams and Shingobee Lakes in north-central Minnesota show changes in climatic and hydrologic history during the Holocene. Isotopic records are consistent with the following scenario:
Before 9800 yr B.P. the two lakes were connected. Increasing evaporation through the jack/red pine period (9800-7700 yr B.P.) led to lower lake levels, leaving small separated basins. The prairie period (7700-4000 yr B.P.) reflects high aridity, and lake levels reached low stands shortly before 6500 yr B.P. Low lake levels are associated with groundwater discharge between 6500 and 6000 yr B.P. The hardwood period (4000-3200 yr B.P.) corresponds to long cold winters and warm to cool summers with lower evaporation rates and slower sedimentation. During the white pine period (<3200 yr B.P.) evaporation increased and/or precipitation shifted to the summer months.
These changes can be related to shifting atmospheric circulation patterns. Zonal flow was probably dominant during the early Holocene until the end of the prairie period (c. 4000 yr B.P.). During the hardwood period a combination of zonal and meridional flow patterns caused long and cold winters and wetter summers. During the white pine period wintners were shorter and the meridional flow pattern more significant. Today meridional flow dominates the circulation pattern.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00682429","usgsCitation":"Schwalb, A., Locke, S., and Dean, W.E., 1995, Ostracode δ18O and δ13C evidence of Holocene environmental changes in the sediments of two Minnesota lakes: Journal of Paleolimnology, v. 14, p. 281-296, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00682429.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"281","endPage":"296","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374543,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Shingobee Lake, Williams Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.72240447998047,\n 46.98142350280382\n ],\n [\n -94.6662712097168,\n 46.98142350280382\n ],\n [\n -94.6662712097168,\n 47.030939552881364\n ],\n [\n -94.72240447998047,\n 47.030939552881364\n ],\n [\n -94.72240447998047,\n 46.98142350280382\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwalb, A.","contributorId":31129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwalb","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Locke, Sharon M.","contributorId":224599,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Locke","given":"Sharon M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dean, Walter E. dean@usgs.gov","contributorId":1801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"Walter","email":"dean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70209948,"text":"70209948 - 1995 - A 12 000 year radiocarbon date of deglaciation from the Continental Divide of northwestern Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-06T19:17:28.496545","indexId":"70209948","displayToPublicDate":"1995-05-06T14:02:57","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1168,"text":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A 12 000 year radiocarbon date of deglaciation from the Continental Divide of northwestern Montana","docAbstract":"During the Pinedale (Late Wisconsinan) glaciation, an outlet glacier from a mountain ice field flowed eastward across the Continental Divide through Marias Pass in northwestern Montana. This outlet glacier was the major source of the Two Medicine glacier, a large piedmont glacier that extended from the mountain front east about 55 km onto the plains. An accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon age of 12 194 ± 145 BP (AA-9530) was obtained from a wood fragment, underlying a Glacier Peak tephra and a Mount Saint Helens set J tephra in a section of lake sediments, near Marias Pass. This radiocarbon age provides a minimum date of deglaciation for the Marias Pass area that is about 800 years older than a previous estimate. Furthermore, the radiocarbon age indicates that the Two Medicine glacier was no longer being supplied by its major source and if it still existed was only as a dying, stagnant ice mass.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/e95-106","usgsCitation":"Carrara, P.E., 1995, A 12 000 year radiocarbon date of deglaciation from the Continental Divide of northwestern Montana: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 32, no. 9, p. 1303-1307, https://doi.org/10.1139/e95-106.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1303","endPage":"1307","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374501,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana ","otherGeospatial":"Northwestern Montana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.5869140625,\n 47.15984001304432\n ],\n [\n -112.54394531249999,\n 47.15984001304432\n ],\n [\n -112.54394531249999,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -116.5869140625,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -116.5869140625,\n 47.15984001304432\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carrara, Paul E. pcarrara@usgs.gov","contributorId":1342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carrara","given":"Paul","email":"pcarrara@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1003115,"text":"1003115 - 1995 - Responses of bluegills and black crappies to dissolved oxygen, temperature, and current in backwater lakes of the upper Mississippi River during winter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-27T17:19:31.92655","indexId":"1003115","displayToPublicDate":"1995-05-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Responses of bluegills and black crappies to dissolved oxygen, temperature, and current in backwater lakes of the upper Mississippi River during winter","docAbstract":"We conducted a radiotelemetry study to examine the effects of dissolved oxygen (DO), water temperature, and current velocity on winter habitat selection by bluegills Lepomis macrochirus and black crappies Pomoxis nigromaculatus in the Finger Lakes backwater complex, Pool 5, on the upper Mississippi River. When DO was above 2 mg/L, both species selected areas with water temperature greater than 1°C and undetectable current. As dissolved oxygen concentrations fell below 2 mg/L, fish moved to areas with higher DO, despite water temperatures of 1°C and lower and current velocities of 1 cm/s. Areas with water temperature less than 1°C and current velocity greater than 1 cm/s were avoided. To incorporate the winter habitat requirements of bluegills and black crappies into habitat restoration projects, we recommend designs that allow the inflow of oxygenated water to maintain adequate DO without substantially decreasing temperature and increasing current velocity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(1995)015<0390:ROBABC>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Knights, B., Johnson, B., and Sandheinrich, M., 1995, Responses of bluegills and black crappies to dissolved oxygen, temperature, and current in backwater lakes of the upper Mississippi River during winter: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 15, no. 2, p. 390-399, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1995)015<0390:ROBABC>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"390","endPage":"399","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134407,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Finger Lakes, upper Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.206752114294,\n 44.45479584495959\n ],\n [\n -92.206752114294,\n 44.191646363835275\n ],\n [\n -91.81219600968318,\n 44.191646363835275\n ],\n [\n -91.81219600968318,\n 44.45479584495959\n ],\n [\n -92.206752114294,\n 44.45479584495959\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db6062b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knights, B.C. 0000-0001-8526-8468","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8526-8468","contributorId":42937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knights","given":"B.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Barry L.","contributorId":95009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Barry L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sandheinrich, M.B.","contributorId":76263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandheinrich","given":"M.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70210155,"text":"70210155 - 1995 - Continental roots go with the flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-18T14:48:21.404507","indexId":"70210155","displayToPublicDate":"1995-05-04T09:45:08","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Continental roots go with the flow","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/375015a0","usgsCitation":"Mooney, W.D., 1995, Continental roots go with the flow: Nature, v. 375, no. 15, 1 p., https://doi.org/10.1038/375015a0.","productDescription":"1 p.","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479214,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/375015a0","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":374889,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"375","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":789333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70170589,"text":"70170589 - 1995 - Transport of agricultural chemicals to ground water, Princeton, Minnesota, 1991-93","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T10:37:36","indexId":"70170589","displayToPublicDate":"1995-05-01T14:15:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Transport of agricultural chemicals to ground water, Princeton, Minnesota, 1991-93","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Clean Water - Clean Environment - 21st Century","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Clean Water - Clean Environment - 21st Century","conferenceDate":"March 5-8, 1995","conferenceLocation":"Kansas City, MO","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agricultural Engineers","publisherLocation":"Kansas City, MO","usgsCitation":"Delin, G., 1995, Transport of agricultural chemicals to ground water, Princeton, Minnesota, 1991-93, in Clean Water - Clean Environment - 21st Century, Kansas City, MO, March 5-8, 1995, p. 57-60.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"60","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320598,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Princeton","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5721e2cfe4b0b13d39130442","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Delin, G. N.","contributorId":12834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delin","given":"G. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70207762,"text":"70207762 - 1995 - Comparison of condition indices in migratory passerines at a stopover site in coastal Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-09T14:11:11","indexId":"70207762","displayToPublicDate":"1995-05-01T14:04:59","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of condition indices in migratory passerines at a stopover site in coastal Louisiana","docAbstract":"We evaluated the utility of four nondestructive condition indices—body mass, body mass scaled by wing chord length, fat scoring, and total body electrical conductivity method (TOBEC)—as predictors of lipid levels in migrating Wood Thrushes (Hylocichla mustelina), Swainson's Thrushes (Catharus ustulatus), and Summer Tanagers (Piranga rubra). The Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus), a winter resident, was examined for comparative purposes. In addition, we examined differences among species in relationships of total body lipids and condition indices. Body mass was the best index of lipid levels, explaining 36%-82% of the variation in total body lipids in all four species. The relative contributions of the other indices to the prediction of lipid mass varied among species although TOBEC was selected for inclusion in each regression equation. For two species, equations including TOBEC measurements had lower errors in lipid prediction than equations only using the other nondestructive indices. Errors in lipid prediction were large for all the regression equations based on condition indices. In many cases it will be necessary to develop species-specific equations to predict lipid levels with condition indices.
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Terry J.","contributorId":216920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spengler","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leberg, P.L.","contributorId":42048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leberg","given":"P.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barrow, Wylie C. Jr. 0000-0003-4671-2823 barroww@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4671-2823","contributorId":168953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrow","given":"Wylie C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"barroww@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5224966,"text":"5224966 - 1995 - Contaminants and sea ducks in Alaska and the circumpolar region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-05T16:09:17.571589","indexId":"5224966","displayToPublicDate":"1995-05-01T12:17:44","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1542,"text":"Environmental Health Perspectives","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contaminants and sea ducks in Alaska and the circumpolar region","docAbstract":"We review nesting sea duck population declines in Alaska during recent decades and explore the possibility that contaminants may be implicated. Aerial surveys of the surf scoter (Melanitta perspicillata), white-winged scoter (M. fusca), black scoter (M. nigra), oldsqaw (Clangula hyemalis), spectacled eider (Somateria fischeri), and Steller's eider (Polysticta stellei) show long-term breeding population declines, especially the latter three species. The spectacled eider was recently classified threatened under the Endangered Species Act. In addition, three other diving ducks, which commonly winter in coastal areas, have declined from unknown causes. Large die-offs of all three species of scoters during molt, a period of high energy demand, were documented in August 1990, 1991, and 1992 at coastal reefs in southeastern Alaska. There was no evidence of infectious diseases in those scoters. The die-offs may or may not be associated with the long-term declines. Many scoters had elevated renal concentrations of cadmium (high of 375 micrograms/g dry weight [dw]). Effects of cadmium in sea ducks are not well understood. Selenium concentrations in livers of nesting white-winged scoters were high; however, the eggs they laid contained less selenium than expected based on relationships for freshwater bird species. Histological evaluation found a high prevalence of hepatocellular vacuolation (49%), a degenerative change frequently associated with sublethal toxic insult. Cadmium and selenium mean liver concentrations were generally higher in those birds with more severe vacuolation; however, relationships were not statistically significant. We do not know if sea duck population declines are related to metals or other contaminants.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Institute of Environmental Health","doi":"10.1289/ehp.103-1519270","usgsCitation":"Henny, C., Rudis, D.D., Roffe, T.J., and Robinson-Wilson, E., 1995, Contaminants and sea ducks in Alaska and the circumpolar region: Environmental Health Perspectives, v. 103, no. 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The occurrence and distribution assessment component characterizes broad-scale water-quality conditions in relation to major contaminant sources and background conditions in each study area. The surface-water design focuses on streams. The ground-water design focuses on major aquifers, with emphasis on recently recharged ground water associated with human activities.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S.G.S. Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/cir1112","usgsCitation":"Gilliom, R.J., Alley, W., and Gurtz, M.E., 1995, Design of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program; occurrence and distribution of water-quality conditions: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1112, vi, 33 p. :ill. (chiefly col.), col. maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1112.","productDescription":"vi, 33 p. :ill. (chiefly col.), col. maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":78,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/circ1112/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":120928,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1995/1112/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30960,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1995/1112/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667e11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gilliom, Robert J. rgilliom@usgs.gov","contributorId":488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilliom","given":"Robert","email":"rgilliom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":147757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alley, William M.","contributorId":93030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alley","given":"William M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gurtz, Martin E. megurtz@usgs.gov","contributorId":2987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gurtz","given":"Martin","email":"megurtz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":147758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":38208,"text":"pp1559 - 1995 - Geochemistry and petrology of Oligocene and Miocene ash-flow tuffs of the southeastern Great Basin, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:01","indexId":"pp1559","displayToPublicDate":"1995-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1559","title":"Geochemistry and petrology of Oligocene and Miocene ash-flow tuffs of the southeastern Great Basin, Nevada","docAbstract":"The White River Narrows area of Southeast Nevada contains 18 regionally distributed middle Tertiary dacite to rhyolite ash-flow tuffs. Geochemical data provide an excellent opportunity to study stratigraphic and petrologic relations of these tuffs. Chemical data for each of the tuffs are distinctive and provide a significant addition to other data used to identify and correlate these units. Relatively minor compositional variation within the tuffs is noteworthy.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1559","usgsCitation":"du Bray, E.A., 1995, Geochemistry and petrology of Oligocene and Miocene ash-flow tuffs of the southeastern Great Basin, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1559, 62 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1559.","productDescription":"62 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122085,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1559/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":64511,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1559/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1fe4b07f02db6ab705","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"du Bray, Edward A. 0000-0002-4383-8394 edubray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4383-8394","contributorId":755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"du Bray","given":"Edward","email":"edubray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":219335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":38207,"text":"pp1415A - 1995 - Application of surface-geophysical methods to investigations of sand and gravel aquifers in the glaciated Northeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-25T20:45:30.541193","indexId":"pp1415A","displayToPublicDate":"1995-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1415","chapter":"A","title":"Application of surface-geophysical methods to investigations of sand and gravel aquifers in the glaciated Northeastern United States","docAbstract":"Combined use of seismic-refraction, direct-current resistivity, very-low-frequency terrain-resistivity, and inductive terrain-conductivity methods were demonstrated at sites in Connecticut, New York, and Maine. Although no single method can define both the hydrogeologic boundaries and general grain-size characteristics of sand and gravel aquifers, a combination of these methods can. Comparisons of measured electrical properties of aquifers with logs of test holes and wells indicate that, for a given conductivity of ground water, the bulk electrical resistivity of aquifers in the glaciated Northeast increases with grain size.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1415A","usgsCitation":"Haeni, F., 1995, Application of surface-geophysical methods to investigations of sand and gravel aquifers in the glaciated Northeastern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1415, viii, 70 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1415A.","productDescription":"viii, 70 p.","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":491351,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_76245.htm","text":"Oxford, Maine, study sites","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":491350,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_76244.htm","text":"Preble, New York, study site","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":491349,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_76243.htm","text":"Farmington, Connecticut, study site","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":491348,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_76242.htm","text":"Simsbury, Connecticut, study site","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":491347,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_76241.htm","text":"Smyrna, New York, study site","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":491346,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_76240.htm","text":"Granby, Connecticut, study site","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":491345,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_76239.htm","text":"Stonington, Connecticut, study site","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":64510,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1415a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122568,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1415a/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Northeastern United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.43674505503441,\n 40.233186368031056\n ],\n [\n -69.1749282527736,\n 41.820611302276006\n ],\n [\n -70.61182859744619,\n 43.16500287292891\n ],\n [\n -67.3200064206174,\n 44.918857996140105\n ],\n [\n -68.10466030752536,\n 47.40302778361519\n ],\n [\n -68.93420357099403,\n 47.49705769179445\n ],\n [\n -70.9400488327027,\n 45.54725965283933\n ],\n [\n -72.27613650057711,\n 44.98612923165726\n ],\n [\n -75.10768137630504,\n 45.14676422922864\n ],\n [\n -77.10677018172956,\n 43.16370919357348\n ],\n [\n -78.8744412047796,\n 43.25169898976807\n ],\n [\n -79.21182013655766,\n 42.52198294628184\n ],\n [\n -76.18555292082188,\n 42.29268722603129\n ],\n [\n -74.64539405506153,\n 41.363067857736866\n ],\n [\n -73.43674505503441,\n 40.233186368031056\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a736","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haeni, F.P.","contributorId":87105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeni","given":"F.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1003454,"text":"1003454 - 1995 - Improving electrofishing catch consistency by standardizing power","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-27T16:49:49.351647","indexId":"1003454","displayToPublicDate":"1995-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improving electrofishing catch consistency by standardizing power","docAbstract":"The electrical output of electrofishing equipment is commonly standardized by using either constant voltage or constant amperage, However, simplified circuit and wave theories of electricity suggest that standardization of power (wattage) available for transfer from water to fish may be critical for effective standardization of electrofishing. Electrofishing with standardized power ensures that constant power is transferable to fish regardless of water conditions. The in situ performance of standardized power output is poorly known. We used data collected by the interagency Long Term Resource Monitoring Program (LTRMP) in the upper Mississippi River system to assess the effectiveness of standardizing power output. The data consisted of 278 electrofishing collections, comprising 9,282 fishes in eight species groups, obtained during 1990 from main channel border, backwater, and tailwater aquatic areas in four reaches of the upper Mississippi River and one reach of the Illinois River. Variation in power output explained an average of 14.9% of catch variance for night electrofishing and 12.1 % for day electrofishing. Three patterns in catch per unit effort were observed for different species: increasing catch with increasing power, decreasing catch with increasing power, and no power-related pattern. Therefore, in addition to reducing catch variation, controlling power output may provide some capability to select particular species. The LTRMP adopted standardized power output beginning in 1991; standardized power output is adjusted for variation in water conductivity and water temperature by reference to a simple chart. Our data suggest that by standardizing electrofishing power output, the LTRMP has eliminated substantial amounts of catch variation at virtually no additional cost.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(1995)015<0375:IECCBS>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Burkhardt, R.W., and Gutreuter, S., 1995, Improving electrofishing catch consistency by standardizing power: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 15, no. 2, p. 375-381, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1995)015<0375:IECCBS>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"375","endPage":"381","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134421,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"upper Mississippi River system","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-87.800477,42.49192],[-87.812461,42.232278],[-87.524844,41.691635],[-87.531646,39.347888],[-87.640435,39.166727],[-87.496537,38.778571],[-87.975511,38.232742],[-88.158207,37.664542],[-88.078046,37.532029],[-88.450127,37.411717],[-88.490068,37.067874],[-89.058036,37.188767],[-89.171881,37.068184],[-89.202607,36.601576],[-89.343753,36.630991],[-89.429311,36.481875],[-89.55264,36.577178],[-89.527029,36.341679],[-89.703511,36.243412],[-89.615128,36.113816],[-89.733095,36.000608],[-90.368718,35.995812],[-90.075934,36.281485],[-90.157136,36.484317],[-94.617919,36.499414],[-94.605734,39.122204],[-95.082714,39.516712],[-94.876344,39.806894],[-95.382957,40.027112],[-95.870481,40.71248],[-95.929889,41.415155],[-96.096186,41.547192],[-96.077543,41.777824],[-96.628741,42.757532],[-96.448134,43.104452],[-96.598396,43.495074],[-96.453049,43.500415],[-96.452948,45.268925],[-96.835451,45.586129],[-96.587093,45.816445],[-96.559271,46.058272],[-96.789572,46.639079],[-96.851293,47.589264],[-97.139497,48.153108],[-97.108655,48.691484],[-97.238387,48.982631],[-95.153711,48.998903],[-95.153314,49.384358],[-94.974286,49.367738],[-94.555835,48.716207],[-93.741843,48.517347],[-92.984963,48.623731],[-92.634931,48.542873],[-92.698824,48.494892],[-92.341207,48.23248],[-92.066269,48.359602],[-91.542512,48.053268],[-90.88548,48.245784],[-90.703702,48.096009],[-89.489226,48.014528],[-90.735927,47.624343],[-92.058888,46.809938],[-92.025789,46.710839],[-91.781928,46.697604],[-90.880358,46.957661],[-90.78804,46.844886],[-90.920813,46.637432],[-90.327548,46.550262],[-89.929158,46.29975],[-88.141001,45.930608],[-88.13364,45.823128],[-87.831442,45.714938],[-87.887828,45.358122],[-87.647454,45.345232],[-87.72796,45.207956],[-87.59188,45.094689],[-87.983065,44.72073],[-87.970702,44.530292],[-87.021088,45.296541],[-87.73063,43.893862],[-87.910172,43.236634],[-87.800477,42.49192]]],[[[-86.880572,45.331467],[-86.956192,45.351179],[-86.82177,45.427602],[-86.880572,45.331467]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Iowa\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"15","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a2f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burkhardt, Randy W.","contributorId":50493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkhardt","given":"Randy","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gutreuter, Steve","contributorId":91437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutreuter","given":"Steve","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185367,"text":"70185367 - 1995 - Combining the Neuman and Boulton models for flow to a well in an unconfined aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-21T12:06:52","indexId":"70185367","displayToPublicDate":"1995-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Combining the Neuman and Boulton models for flow to a well in an unconfined aquifer","docAbstract":"A Laplace transform solution is presented for flow to a well in a homogeneous, water-table aquifer with noninstanta-neous drainage of water from the zone above the water table. The Boulton convolution integral is combined with Darcy's law and used as an upper boundary condition to replace the condition used by Neuman. Boulton's integral derives from the assumption that water drained from the unsaturated zone is released gradually in a manner that varies exponentially with time in response to a unit decline in hydraulic head, whereas the condition used by Newman assumes that the water is released instantaneously. The result is a solution that reduces to the solution obtained by Neuman as the rate of release of water from the zone above the water table increases. A dimensionless fitting parameter, γ, is introduced that incorporates vertical hydraulic conductivity, saturated thickness, specific yield, and an empirical constant α1, similar to Boulton's α. Results show that theoretical drawdown in water-table piezometers is amplified by noninstantaneous drainage from the unsaturated zone to a greater extent than drawdown in piezometers located at depth in the saturated zone. This difference provides a basis for evaluating γ by type-curve matching in addition to the other dimensionless parameters. Analysis of drawdown in selected piezometers from the published results of two aquifer tests conducted in relatively homogeneous glacial outwash deposits but with significantly different hydraulic conductivities reveals improved comparison between the theoretical type curves and the hydraulic head measured in water-table piezometers.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1995.tb00293.x","usgsCitation":"Moench, A.F., 1995, Combining the Neuman and Boulton models for flow to a well in an unconfined aquifer: Groundwater, v. 33, no. 3, p. 378-384, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1995.tb00293.x.","productDescription":"7 p. ","startPage":"378","endPage":"384","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337928,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d23b94e4b0236b68f82922","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moench, Allen F. afmoench@usgs.gov","contributorId":3903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moench","given":"Allen","email":"afmoench@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":685352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5512,"text":"fs08895 - 1995 - National Water-Quality Assessment Program— Pesticides in the Trinity River Basin study unit, Texas, 1968-91","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-16T15:49:56","indexId":"fs08895","displayToPublicDate":"1995-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"088-95","title":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program— Pesticides in the Trinity River Basin study unit, Texas, 1968-91","docAbstract":"The Trinity River Basin National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) study-unit staff began assessment activities in 1991, and in 1992, undertook a retrospective review of existing data on pesticides. The main purpose of this review was to aid in the design of a pesticide-sampling network for the study unit. The review consisted of the compilation, screening, and analysis of available pesticide-sample information. In addition, important environmental factors, which influence the occurrence and distribution of pesticides in the study unit, were identified and compiled. A report of this review and analysis will be released in 1995 (Ulery and Brown, in press). This fact sheet provides a brief overview of significant findings.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/fs08895","usgsCitation":"Ulery, R., 1995, National Water-Quality Assessment Program— Pesticides in the Trinity River Basin study unit, Texas, 1968-91: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 088-95, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs08895.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":117887,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_088_95.bmp"},{"id":110,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/fs-088-95/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Trinity River Basin","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db69864d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ulery, R.L.","contributorId":46507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ulery","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185383,"text":"70185383 - 1995 - Chemical and isotopic methods for quantifying ground-water recharge in a regional, semiarid environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T10:26:45","indexId":"70185383","displayToPublicDate":"1995-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical and isotopic methods for quantifying ground-water recharge in a regional, semiarid environment","docAbstract":"The High Plains aquifer underlying the semiarid Southern High Plains of Texas and New Mexico, USA was used to illustrate solute and isotopic methods for evaluating recharge fluxes, runoff, and spatial and temporal distribution of recharge. The chloride mass-balance method can provide, under certain conditions, a time-integrated technique for evaluation of recharge flux to regional aquifers that is independent of physical parameters. Applying this method to the High Plains aquifer of the Southern High Plains suggests that recharge flux is approximately 2% of precipitation, or approximately 11 ± 2 mm/y, consistent with previous estimates based on a variety of physically based measurements. The method is useful because long-term average precipitation and chloride concentrations in rain and ground water have less uncertainty and are generally less expensive to acquire than physically based parameters commonly used in analyzing recharge. Spatial and temporal distribution of recharge was evaluated by use of δ2H, δ18O, and tritium concentrations in both ground water and the unsaturated zone. Analyses suggest that nearly half of the recharge to the Southern High Plains occurs as piston flow through playa basin floors that occupy approximately 6% of the area, and that macropore recharge may be important in the remaining recharge. Tritium and chloride concentrations in the unsaturated zone were used in a new equation developed to quantify runoff. Using this equation and data from a representative basin, runoff was found to be 24 ± 3 mm/y; that is in close agreement with values obtained from water-balance measurements on experimental watersheds in the area. Such geochemical estimates are possible because tritium is used to calculate a recharge flux that is independent of precipitation and runoff, whereas recharge flux based on chloride concentration in the unsaturated zone is dependent upon the amount of runoff. The difference between these two estimates yields the amount of runoff to the basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1995.tb00302.x","usgsCitation":"Wood, W., and Sanford, W.E., 1995, Chemical and isotopic methods for quantifying ground-water recharge in a regional, semiarid environment: Groundwater, v. 33, no. 3, p. 458-468, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1995.tb00302.x.","productDescription":"11 p. ","startPage":"458","endPage":"468","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337946,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d23b94e4b0236b68f8291e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, Warren W.","contributorId":47770,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"Warren W.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":685397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sanford, Ward E. 0000-0002-6624-0280 wsanford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-0280","contributorId":2268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"Ward","email":"wsanford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5369,"text":"fs08595 - 1995 - U.S. Geological Survey Federal-State Cooperative Water-Resources Program in Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:48","indexId":"fs08595","displayToPublicDate":"1995-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"085-95","title":"U.S. Geological Survey Federal-State Cooperative Water-Resources Program in Kansas","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"The Survey,","doi":"10.3133/fs08595","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1995, U.S. Geological Survey Federal-State Cooperative Water-Resources Program in Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 085-95, 1 sheet : map ; 28 cm. map ;, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs08595.","productDescription":"1 sheet : map ; 28 cm. map ;","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":7643,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://ks.water.usgs.gov/pubs/fact-sheets/coop-factsheet.html ","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":445,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ks.water.usgs.gov/Kansas/pubs/fact-sheets/coop-factsheet.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":117154,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1995/0085/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":32041,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1995/0085/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2be4b07f02db61338f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}