We detected no infections with species of Plasmodium, Haemoproteus, Leucocytozoon, Sarcocystis or Trypanosoma in blood smears, liver and spleen impressions, and muscle tissue from 136 redheads (Aythya americana) collected or captured at the Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana (USA), during three winters (1987 to 1990). One bird, a juvenile male, was infected with an unidentified species of microfilaria. Thus, we found no evidence that hematozoa had an effect on redheads during the course of the study.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-31.1.90","usgsCitation":"Michot, T.C., Garvin, M.C., and Weidner, E.H., 1995, Survey for blood parasites in redheads (Aythya americana) wintering at the Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 31, no. 1, p. 90-92, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-31.1.90.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"90","endPage":"92","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369390,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Chandeleur Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.89175415039062,\n 30.051265218888904\n ],\n [\n -88.94050598144531,\n 29.850768672112153\n ],\n [\n -89.0064239501953,\n 29.822178437464547\n ],\n [\n -88.9947509765625,\n 29.76914573606667\n ],\n [\n -88.89656066894531,\n 29.767357627325648\n ],\n [\n -88.99818420410156,\n 29.64270755090439\n ],\n [\n -88.98788452148438,\n 29.618236523949705\n ],\n [\n -88.91166687011719,\n 29.672542219068987\n ],\n [\n -88.81759643554688,\n 29.798942848363467\n ],\n [\n -88.80455017089844,\n 29.925183985247404\n ],\n [\n -88.82514953613281,\n 30.028083050581905\n ],\n [\n -88.87527465820312,\n 30.06255713055085\n ],\n [\n -88.89175415039062,\n 30.051265218888904\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Michot, Thomas C. 0000-0002-7044-987X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7044-987X","contributorId":57935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michot","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garvin, Mary C.","contributorId":220771,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garvin","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weidner, Earl H.","contributorId":220772,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weidner","given":"Earl","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70208096,"text":"70208096 - 1995 - Late Pleistocene and Holocene paleoenvironments of the North Pacific coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-27T14:24:50","indexId":"70208096","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-27T14:18:18","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Pleistocene and Holocene paleoenvironments of the North Pacific coast","docAbstract":"Unlike the North Atlantic, the North Pacific Ocean probably remained free of sea ice during the last glacial maximum (LGM), 22,000 to 17,000 BP. Following a eustatic low in sea level of ca. −120 m at 19,000 BP, a marine transgression had flooded the Bering and Chukchi shelves by 10,000 BP. Post-glacial sea-level history varied widely in other parts of the North Pacific coastline according to the magnitude and timing of local tectonism and glacio-isostatic rebound. Glaciers covered much of the continental shelf between the Alaska Peninsula and British Columbia during the LGM. Maximum glacier extent during the LGM was out of phase between southern Alaska and southern British Columbia with northern glaciers reaching their outer limits earlier, between 23,000 and 16,000 BP, compared to 15,000–14,000 BP in the south. Glacier retreat was also time-transgressive, with glaciers retreating from the continental shelf of southern Alaska before 16,000 BP but not until 14,000–13,000 BP in southwestern British Columbia. Major climatic transitions occurred in the North Pacific at 24,000–22,000, 15,000–13,000 and 11,000–9000 BP. Rapid climate changes occurred within these intervals, including a possible Younger Dryas episode. An interval of climate warmer and drier than today occurred in the early Holocene. Cooler and wetter conditions accompanied widespread Neoglaciation, beginning in some mountain ranges as early as the middle Holocene, but reaching full development after 3000 BP.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0277-3791(95)00016-I","usgsCitation":"Mann, D., and Hamilton, T.D., 1995, Late Pleistocene and Holocene paleoenvironments of the North Pacific coast: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 14, no. 5, p. 449-471, https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-3791(95)00016-I.","productDescription":"23","startPage":"449","endPage":"471","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":371594,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"North Pacific","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -216.9140625,\n 54.16243396806779\n ],\n [\n -215.15624999999997,\n 46.07323062540835\n ],\n [\n -207.42187499999997,\n 40.97989806962013\n ],\n [\n -138.1640625,\n 44.33956524809713\n ],\n [\n -134.6484375,\n 51.17934297928927\n ],\n [\n -144.4921875,\n 59.355596110016315\n ],\n [\n -155.0390625,\n 55.3791104480105\n ],\n [\n -166.640625,\n 52.26815737376817\n ],\n [\n -176.48437499999997,\n 50.28933925329178\n ],\n [\n -178.9453125,\n 54.97761367069628\n ],\n [\n -162.421875,\n 57.70414723434193\n ],\n [\n -170.5078125,\n 61.938950426660604\n ],\n [\n -185.2734375,\n 60.930432202923335\n ],\n [\n -193.0078125,\n 55.7765730186677\n ],\n [\n -200.0390625,\n 49.15296965617042\n ],\n [\n -205.3125,\n 50.958426723359935\n ],\n [\n -204.2578125,\n 58.07787626787517\n ],\n [\n -211.28906249999997,\n 58.63121664342478\n ],\n [\n -220.78125,\n 56.559482483762245\n ],\n [\n -216.9140625,\n 54.16243396806779\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mann, D.H.","contributorId":23282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mann","given":"D.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":780452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hamilton, T. D.","contributorId":36921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":780453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70207968,"text":"70207968 - 1995 - Ribbon Cliff landslide Washington, and the earthquake of 14 December 1872","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-25T00:06:30.256118","indexId":"70207968","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-21T15:14:36","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ribbon Cliff landslide Washington, and the earthquake of 14 December 1872","docAbstract":"Estimates of the epicentral location and maximum intensity of the earthquake of 14 December 1872, the largest and oldest historic earthquake documented in the Pacific Northwest, are controversial largely because the estimates are based on ground effects. The Ribbon Cliff landslide is one of the more critical ground effects used to argue that the epicenter was in the vicinity of Lake Chelan in central Washington. Sketchy historical accounts link the Ribbon Cliff landslide to the 1872 earthquake, but a subsequent study disputed the historical accounts and, on the basis of dendrochronology, concluded that the landslide occurred more than 100 yr prior to the earthquake. However, Quaternary stratigraphic relations and the results of multiple dating techniques reported here indicate that the main Ribbon Cliff landslide probably occurred within a 14-yr period that includes the time of the 1872 earthquake. Although our study supports the historical accounts that link the landslide to the December 1872 earthquake, it does not prove that seismic shaking triggered the landslide.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0850040986","usgsCitation":"Madole, R.F., Schuster, R.L., and Sarna-Wojcicki, A.M., 1995, Ribbon Cliff landslide Washington, and the earthquake of 14 December 1872: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 85, no. 4, p. 986-1002, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0850040986.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"986","endPage":"1002","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":422071,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/bssa/article/85/4/986/102607/Ribbon-cliff-landslide-Washington-and-the"},{"id":371423,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Ribbon Cliff","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.640869140625,\n 47.537601245618134\n ],\n [\n -119.8004150390625,\n 47.537601245618134\n ],\n [\n -119.8004150390625,\n 47.9329065912321\n ],\n [\n -120.640869140625,\n 47.9329065912321\n ],\n [\n -120.640869140625,\n 47.537601245618134\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"85","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madole, Richard F. 0000-0002-9081-570X madole@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9081-570X","contributorId":1340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madole","given":"Richard","email":"madole@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schuster, Robert L.","contributorId":19162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuster","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M. 0000-0002-0244-9149 asarna@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0244-9149","contributorId":1046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sarna-Wojcicki","given":"Andrei","email":"asarna@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":779976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70207966,"text":"70207966 - 1995 - Spatial and temporal patterns of late quaternary eolian deposition, Eastern Colorado, U.S.A","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-21T15:13:28","indexId":"70207966","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-21T15:01:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and temporal patterns of late quaternary eolian deposition, Eastern Colorado, U.S.A","docAbstract":"Eolian sediment covers about 60% of Colorado east of the Rocky Mountains; about 30% of the sediment is sand and 70% is loess. Initially, flood plains were the principal sources of eolian sediment, but during the Holocene, dunes formed from older eolian sand and alluvium on uplands. Since latest Pleistocene time, dominant dune-forming winds have been northwesterly in the northern part of the region and southwesterly in the southern part. At present, sand sheets and dunes, mainly parabolic types, are stable and covered with vegetation. In dunes, sand is commonly 20–30 m thick but elsewhere averages < 10 m. Three sand units are recognized on the basis of bedforms, topographic expression, and soil development. Preliminary age limits for the three units, based on 26 numerical ages, are 22.5–9 ka, 8−1 ka, and l.0−0. 15 ka. The middle unit is the product of multiple episodes of eolian activity that are not yet accurately dated. Loess is widespread but thin (generally < 2.4 m). Three units — middle Pleistocene, late Pleistocene. and Holocene — are recognized on the basis of differences in soil-profile development and stratigraphic position; late Pleistocene loess is by far the most common loess.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0277-3791(95)00005-A","usgsCitation":"Madole, R.F., 1995, Spatial and temporal patterns of late quaternary eolian deposition, Eastern Colorado, U.S.A: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 14, no. 2, p. 155-177, https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-3791(95)00005-A.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"177","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371422,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Eastern Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.62255859375,\n 38.59970036588819\n ],\n [\n -103.22753906249999,\n 38.59970036588819\n ],\n [\n -103.22753906249999,\n 40.43022363450862\n ],\n [\n -105.62255859375,\n 40.43022363450862\n ],\n [\n -105.62255859375,\n 38.59970036588819\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madole, Richard F. 0000-0002-9081-570X madole@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9081-570X","contributorId":1340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madole","given":"Richard","email":"madole@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70234271,"text":"70234271 - 1995 - Seismological and engineering aspects of the 1995 Hyogoken-Nanbu (Kobe) earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-05T16:31:38.769471","indexId":"70234271","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-17T11:16:57","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"95/10","title":"Seismological and engineering aspects of the 1995 Hyogoken-Nanbu (Kobe) earthquake","docAbstract":"Immediately following the Jan. 17, 1995, Kobe earthquake, a reconnaissance team was organized under the auspices of the Earthquake Hazard Mitigation Program of the Engineering Directorate of the National Science Foundation. The mission of the team was to provide a timely, first-hand overview of the type and extent of the damage, and to provide the necessary background information for future research and for U.S.-Japan cooperation in earthquake engineering. Additional information was gathered through participation in U.S.-Japan seminars and workshops, and through collaboration with researchers and practicing engineers in Japan. The research team has focused its efforts on seismology, strong ground motion, geotechnical engineering, and structural engineering. This report provides summaries of the findings in these subject areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center","usgsCitation":"Bertero, V., Borcherdt, R.D., Clark, P.W., Douglas S. Dreger, Filippou, F.C., Foutch, D., Gee, L., Higashino, M., Kono, S., Lu, L., Moehle, J.P., Murray, M., Ramirez, J., Romanowicz, B., Sitar, N., Thewalt, C.R., Tobriner, S., Whittaker, A.S., Wight, J.K., and Xiao, Y., 1995, Seismological and engineering aspects of the 1995 Hyogoken-Nanbu (Kobe) earthquake, 250 p.","productDescription":"250 p.","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":404880,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":404879,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://nisee.berkeley.edu/elibrary/Text/265857"}],"country":"Japan","state":"Hanshin","county":"Hyōgo Prefecture","city":"Kobe","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 134.033203125,\n 34.016241889667015\n ],\n [\n 135.6536865234375,\n 34.016241889667015\n ],\n [\n 135.6536865234375,\n 34.88593094075317\n ],\n [\n 134.033203125,\n 34.88593094075317\n ],\n [\n 134.033203125,\n 34.016241889667015\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bertero, V.","contributorId":10815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bertero","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":848383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Borcherdt, Roger D. 0000-0002-8668-0849 borcherdt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8668-0849","contributorId":2373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borcherdt","given":"Roger","email":"borcherdt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":848384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, Peter W.","contributorId":294581,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":848385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Douglas S. Dreger","contributorId":198591,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Douglas S. Dreger","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":848386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Filippou, Filip C.","contributorId":294582,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Filippou","given":"Filip","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":848387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Foutch, D.A.","contributorId":100251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foutch","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":848388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gee, Lind 0000-0003-2883-9847 lgee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2883-9847","contributorId":193064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gee","given":"Lind","email":"lgee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":848389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Higashino, Masahiko","contributorId":294583,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Higashino","given":"Masahiko","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":848390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kono, Susumu","contributorId":294584,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kono","given":"Susumu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":848391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Lu, Le-Wu","contributorId":294585,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lu","given":"Le-Wu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":848392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Moehle, Jack P.","contributorId":20233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moehle","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":848393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Murray, Mark","contributorId":197272,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murray","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":848394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Ramirez, Julio","contributorId":294586,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ramirez","given":"Julio","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":848395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Romanowicz, B.","contributorId":33176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romanowicz","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":848396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Sitar, Nicholas","contributorId":42253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sitar","given":"Nicholas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":848397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Thewalt, Christopher R.","contributorId":294587,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thewalt","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":848398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Tobriner, Stephen","contributorId":221825,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tobriner","given":"Stephen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":848399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Whittaker, Andrew S.","contributorId":75635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whittaker","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":848400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Wight, James K.","contributorId":294588,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wight","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":848401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Xiao, Yan","contributorId":294589,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xiao","given":"Yan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":848402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20}]}} ,{"id":70207889,"text":"70207889 - 1995 - Intraglacial volcanism in the Wells Gray–Clearwater volcanic field, east-central British Columbia, Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-16T16:46:14","indexId":"70207889","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-16T16:30:55","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1168,"text":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Intraglacial volcanism in the Wells Gray–Clearwater volcanic field, east-central British Columbia, Canada","docAbstract":"Small-volume, subaerial, subaqueous and subglacial basaltic eruptions occurred in the Wells Gray–Clearwater area during Quaternary time. Part of this time, significant thicknesses of glacial ice were present. Dating of intraglacial volcanic features corroborates other evidence of an Early Pleistocene, Cordilleran-wide ice sheet. Of the intraglacial volcanoes investigated, three were studied in detail and of these, two probably erupted during the Fraser glaciation (11–20 ka), when maximum ice level exceeded 2100 m elevation. Major-element and sulphur concentrations were measured in glass from the volcanoes to provide insight into vent conditions at the time of eruption. Hyalo Ridge (2102 m elevation, whole-rock K–Ar age of 0.02 ± 0.01 Ma) is a small volcanic edifice capped by lava flows with coherent pillowed lavas and interbedded hyaloclastite exposed over nearly 400 m altitude on its east flank. Low sulphur content (<0.03 wt.%) in pillow rim glasses indicates that the lavas are degassed. It is interpreted that the vent built above the water (or ice) surface then fed lava flows that crossed a shoreline and produced pillowed flows. Pyramid Mountain is a volcanic cone 240 m high, comprised of glassy, vesicular, lapilli-tuff breccia. The highly alkalic glass contains 0.1 wt.% S (considered high), and indicates a high original volatile content and drastic quenching, probably during phreatomagmatic eruption from a meltwater-flooded vent. East of the Clearwater River a sequence of massive pillowed flows and pillow joint-block breccias is exposed from 880 to 1320 m elevation (0.27 ± 0.05 Ma). The vent location is unknown. Moderate S content (0.040–0.055 wt.%) indicates that the lavas were erupted in shallow water and are largely degassed. The S content of glass in dykes cutting the pillow breccias is low. The dykes are interpreted as lava that has flowed laterally or down into cracks
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/e95-070","usgsCitation":"Hickson, C., Moore, J.G., Calk, L., and Metcalfe, P., 1995, Intraglacial volcanism in the Wells Gray–Clearwater volcanic field, east-central British Columbia, Canada: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 32, no. 7, p. 838-851, https://doi.org/10.1139/e95-070.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"838","endPage":"851","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371332,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","state":"British Columbia","otherGeospatial":"Wells Gray- Clearwater region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.970458984375,\n 50.85450904781293\n ],\n [\n -119.33349609375,\n 50.85450904781293\n ],\n [\n -119.33349609375,\n 52.5897007687178\n ],\n [\n -120.970458984375,\n 52.5897007687178\n ],\n [\n -120.970458984375,\n 50.85450904781293\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hickson, C.J.","contributorId":67256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickson","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, James G. 0000-0002-7543-2401 jmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7543-2401","contributorId":2892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"James","email":"jmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Calk, L.","contributorId":106264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calk","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Metcalfe, P.","contributorId":221675,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Metcalfe","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70207887,"text":"70207887 - 1995 - Offshore geology of Mauna Loa and adjacent areas, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-16T15:44:19.449583","indexId":"70207887","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-16T16:21:02","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":12608,"text":"Geophysical Monograph Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"title":"Offshore geology of Mauna Loa and adjacent areas, Hawaii","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mauna Loa revealed: Structure, composition, history, and hazards","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/GM092p0021","usgsCitation":"Moore, J.G., and Chadwick, W.W., 1995, Offshore geology of Mauna Loa and adjacent areas, Hawaii, chap. of Mauna Loa revealed: Structure, composition, history, and hazards: Geophysical Monograph Series, v. 92, p. 21-44, https://doi.org/10.1029/GM092p0021.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"44","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371331,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Mauna Loa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.181640625,\n 18.8335153964335\n ],\n [\n -153.72070312499997,\n 18.8335153964335\n ],\n [\n -153.72070312499997,\n 20.282808691330054\n ],\n [\n -156.181640625,\n 20.282808691330054\n ],\n [\n -156.181640625,\n 18.8335153964335\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"92","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rhodes, J.M.","contributorId":31110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhodes","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875654,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lockwood, J. P.","contributorId":104473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockwood","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875655,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Moore, James G. 0000-0002-7543-2401 jmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7543-2401","contributorId":2892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"James","email":"jmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chadwick, William W","contributorId":172468,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chadwick","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"W","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":779652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70207886,"text":"70207886 - 1995 - Petrology of Submarine Lavas from Kilauea's Puna Ridge, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-16T16:18:00","indexId":"70207886","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-16T16:16:30","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrology of Submarine Lavas from Kilauea's Puna Ridge, Hawaii","docAbstract":"We have studied 30 quenched tholeiitic lava flows recovered by 20 dredge hauls and one submersible dive along Puna Ridge, the submarine part of the East Rift Zone of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii Glass grains from numerous additional flows were recovered in turbidite sands cored in the Hawaiian Trough. These quenched lavas document variable primary magma compositions; olivine and multiphase crystallization and fractionation; degassing; wall-rock stoping and assimilation; mixing in the crustal reservoir and the rift zone; entrainment of olivine xenocrysts from a hot, ductile, olivine cumulate body; and disruption of gabbro wallrocks in the rift zone.
Glass grains in turbidite sands contain up to 15⋅0wt% MgO, in contrast to < 7⋅0wt% MgO for the sampled glass rinds on lavas. The most forsteritic olivine phenocryst (F090·7) is in equilibrium with primary Kilauea liquid containing an average 16⋅5 wt% MgO, but ranging from 13⋅4 to 18⋅4%. Lavas and glass grains have more restricted P2O5/K2O and TiO2/K2O than glass inclusions in olivine, because more diverse liquids trapped as glass inclusions are mixed and homogenized before eruption. Variable trace element compositions in glass grains and whole rocks indicate that the primary liquids form by partial melting of mantle sources retaining clinopyroxene and garnet.
Orthopyroxene xenocrysts formed at moderate pressures provide evidence for a sub-crustal staging zone. Chromite and olivine crystallize in the crustal magma reservoir as the liquid cools from an average 1346°C to ∼1170°C. Low viscosities of the primary liquids (0·4 Pas) facilitate olivine settling, and the crystallized olivine forms an olivine cumulate body at the base of the reservoir. Olivine is deformed as the hot ductile dunite body flows down and away from the summit. This flow drives instability of the Hilina landslide on Kilauea. Dikes intrude the dunite, and magma flowing through the dikes disaggregates and entrains olivine xenocrysts in Puna Ridge magmas.
Primary liquids pond at or near the base of Kilauea's crustal reservoir because they are denser than more fractionated liquids that occupy the upper parts of the reservoir. The sulfur and water contents of glass rinds indicate that fractionated liquids near the top of the reservoir degas at low pressure, a process that increases their density and causes them to sink to levels where they mix with resident undegassed, near-primary liquid. The fractionated liquids near the top of the magma reservoir acquire excess Cl, owing to assimilation of hydrothermally altered roofrocks.
Magma flowing into the rift zone encounters and mixes with low-temperature, multiphase-fractionated melt. The mixed magmas typically contain rare orthopyroxene, plagioclase as sodic as andesine, olivine as fayalitic as F075 and Fe-rich augite derived from the fractionated magma. Magma flowing through dikes also dislodged fragments of gabbroic wallrocks that occur as xenoliths.
The interrelations in the Kilauean submarine lavas between host glass and glass inclusion compositions, volatile contents and mineral chemistry reveal an extraordinarily complex sequence of petrogenetic processes and events that are difficult or impossible to determine in subaerial Kilauea lavas because of crystallization, reequilibration and degassing during or after their eruption.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/petrology/36.2.299","usgsCitation":"Clague, D.A., Moore, J.G., Dixon, J., and Friesen, W., 1995, Petrology of Submarine Lavas from Kilauea's Puna Ridge, Hawaii: Journal of Petrology, v. 36, no. 2, p. 299-349, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/36.2.299.","productDescription":"51 p.","startPage":"299","endPage":"349","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371327,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Puna Ridge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -154.775390625,\n 19.228176737766262\n ],\n [\n -153.69873046875,\n 19.228176737766262\n ],\n [\n -153.69873046875,\n 20.694461597907797\n ],\n [\n -154.775390625,\n 20.694461597907797\n ],\n [\n -154.775390625,\n 19.228176737766262\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clague, D. A.","contributorId":190950,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clague","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, James G. 0000-0002-7543-2401 jmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7543-2401","contributorId":2892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"James","email":"jmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dixon, J.E.","contributorId":53093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Friesen, W.B.","contributorId":75532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friesen","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70207838,"text":"70207838 - 1995 - The 9 June 94 Bolivian Deep Earthquake: An exceptional event in an extraordinary subduction zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-15T13:06:19","indexId":"70207838","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-15T12:56:47","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 9 June 94 Bolivian Deep Earthquake: An exceptional event in an extraordinary subduction zone","docAbstract":"We investigate the physical setting of the Bolivian shock based on the history of the subducting Nazca plate, intraslab seismicity, deep seismic moment release, and seismic tomography. South America has two broad regions of reverse arc curvature. Subduction constrained to this unique geometry produces slab kinking contortions that may cause unusual slab thickening as they sink to the bottom of the transition zone and encounter resistance to penetration into the lower mantle. Such contortions are observed at intermediate depths “upstream” from the slab source regions of both the great 1970 Colombian and 1994 Bolivian events. Thickening helps explain how the Nazca slab accommodates large seismic source dimensions at depths of 625–650 km.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/95GL01802","usgsCitation":"Kirby, S.H., Okal, E., and Engdahl, E.R., 1995, The 9 June 94 Bolivian Deep Earthquake: An exceptional event in an extraordinary subduction zone: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 22, no. 16, p. 2233-2236, https://doi.org/10.1029/95GL01802.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"2233","endPage":"2236","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371266,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Nazca Plate","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.265625,\n -31.353636941500987\n ],\n [\n -59.4140625,\n -31.353636941500987\n ],\n [\n -59.4140625,\n 0\n ],\n [\n -82.265625,\n 0\n ],\n [\n -82.265625,\n -31.353636941500987\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirby, Stephen H. 0000-0003-1636-4688 skirby@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1636-4688","contributorId":2752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"Stephen","email":"skirby@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Okal, E.A.","contributorId":35082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okal","given":"E.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Engdahl, E. Robert","contributorId":20666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engdahl","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70207837,"text":"70207837 - 1995 - Frequency-moment distribution of deep earthquakes; Implications for the seismogenic zone at the bottom of slabs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-07T15:17:02.372528","indexId":"70207837","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-15T12:48:56","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3071,"text":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Frequency-moment distribution of deep earthquakes; Implications for the seismogenic zone at the bottom of slabs","docAbstract":"We present a systematic investigation of the variation with depth of the frequency of earthquake occurrence vs. seismic moment based on 16 years of Harvard Centroid Moment Tensor (CMT) solutions. We analyze depth variations of earthquake size distribution in terms of variations in the absolute value of the slope of the regression of the logarithm of the population vs. seismic moment, a quantity known as the β parameter. The shallowest earthquakes (0–50 km depth) exhibit a well-defined and robust size distribution regime characterized by a discontinuous increase in β with increasing moment. Others have shown that this increase probably represents the effects of a physical limit in the dimensions of the area of seismogenic slip of shallow earthquake sources. The population of deep earthquakes in the depth interval 500–600 km shows two markedly different distributions. The deep earthquakes in the Tonga region feature an initially high β value (0.92) at small moments and a lower β value (0.41) at high moments. In contrast, the size distribution of non-Tonga deep events shows the reverse of those changes (β = 0.41 at low moment and β = 1.17 at higher moment). To help explain these observations, we propose a model of deep seismogenesis that assumes three-dimensional earthquake source regions that vary principally in their transverse dimensions. The two-β segment behavior in the Tonga region and other subduction zones is thought to represent, in part, constraints owing to the threshold of completeness of the CMT catalog and to its short time interval of sampling. We interpret the differences between Tonga and other deep Wadati-Benioff zones as being a consequence of Tonga's markedly higher subduction rate and, hence, its colder thermal structure and presumably thicker region of seismogenesis. We interpret the critical moments at which β values change in terms of variations in the transverse thickness of deep seismogenic zones and estimate that it is about 11 km for the Tonga region and about 3 km for other zones at depths of 500–600 km. These results are generally consistent with deep earthquakes being restricted to wedge-shaped regions of peridotite persisting metastably to as deep as 700 km in old, rapidly descending and hence cold slabs. Failure is thought to occur in metastable peridotite by transformational faulting. Great deep earthquakes present special challenges to any theory of deep earthquakes based on slab thermal structure. For example, a continuing question is how such large events can fit in a thermally controlled seismogenic zone that is diminishing in its transverse dimensions with increasing depth. The very concept of a scale-invariant earthquake size distribution may be inappropriate for these rare events and the unusual settings in which they are found.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0031-9201(95)03037-8","usgsCitation":"Okal, E., and Kirby, S.H., 1995, Frequency-moment distribution of deep earthquakes; Implications for the seismogenic zone at the bottom of slabs: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 92, no. 3-4, p. 169-187, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(95)03037-8.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"187","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371265,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Okal, E.A.","contributorId":35082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okal","given":"E.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirby, Stephen H. 0000-0003-1636-4688 skirby@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1636-4688","contributorId":2752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"Stephen","email":"skirby@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018776,"text":"70018776 - 1995 - Earthquakes in the Los Angeles metropolitan region: A possible fractal distribution of rupture size","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-12T16:46:31.937557","indexId":"70018776","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquakes in the Los Angeles metropolitan region: A possible fractal distribution of rupture size","docAbstract":"Although there is debate on the maximum size of earthquake that is possible on any of several known fault systems in the greater Los Angeles metropolitan region, it is reasonable to assume that the distribution of earthquakes will follow a fractal distribution of rupture areas. For this assumption and an overall slip-rate for the region of approximately 1 centimeter per year, roughly one magnitude 7.4 to 7.5 event is expected to occur every 245 to 325 years. A model in which the earthquake distribution is fractal predicts that, additionally, there should be approximately six events in the range of magnitude 6.6 in this same span of time, a higher rate than has occurred in the historic record.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.267.5195.211","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Hough, S., 1995, Earthquakes in the Los Angeles metropolitan region: A possible fractal distribution of rupture size: Science, v. 267, no. 5195, p. 211-213, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.267.5195.211.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"211","endPage":"213","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227359,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Los Angeles","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.00237240949104,\n 34.584687499749506\n ],\n [\n -119.00237240949104,\n 33.4924558372457\n ],\n [\n -117.08019323731881,\n 33.4924558372457\n ],\n [\n -117.08019323731881,\n 34.584687499749506\n ],\n [\n -119.00237240949104,\n 34.584687499749506\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"267","issue":"5195","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a051be4b0c8380cd50c6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hough, S. E. 0000-0002-5980-2986","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-2986","contributorId":7316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"S. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70018893,"text":"70018893 - 1995 - Response of high-rise and base-isolated buildings to a hypothetical M w 7.0 blind thrust earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-12T16:35:16.849129","indexId":"70018893","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of high-rise and base-isolated buildings to a hypothetical M w 7.0 blind thrust earthquake","docAbstract":"High-rise flexible-frame buildings are commonly considered to be resistant to shaking from the largest earthquakes. In addition, base isolation has become increasingly popular for critical buildings that should still function after an earthquake. How will these two types of buildings perform if a large earthquake occurs beneath a metropolitan area? To answer this question, we simulated the near-source ground motions of a Mw 7.0 thrust earthquake and then mathematically modeled the response of a 20-story steel-frame building and a 3-story base-isolated building. The synthesized ground motions were characterized by large displacement pulses (up to 2 meters) and large ground velocities. These ground motions caused large deformation and possible collapse of the frame building, and they required exceptional measures in the design of the base-isolated building if it was to remain functional.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.267.5195.206","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Heaton, T.H., Hall, J.F., Wald, D., and Halling, M., 1995, Response of high-rise and base-isolated buildings to a hypothetical M w 7.0 blind thrust earthquake: Science, v. 267, no. 5195, p. 206-211, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.267.5195.206.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"206","endPage":"211","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226756,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"267","issue":"5195","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaa4ee4b0c8380cd8626d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heaton, T. H.","contributorId":64671,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heaton","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hall, J. F.","contributorId":41606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wald, D.J. 0000-0002-1454-4514","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":43809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Halling, M.W.","contributorId":68897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halling","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":60607,"text":"mf2278 - 1995 - Geologic map of the Clifton Creek Quadrangle, Bannock and Power counties, southeastern Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:25","indexId":"mf2278","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2278","title":"Geologic map of the Clifton Creek Quadrangle, Bannock and Power counties, southeastern Idaho","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/mf2278","usgsCitation":"Platt, L., 1995, Geologic map of the Clifton Creek Quadrangle, Bannock and Power counties, southeastern Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2278, 1 map ;58 x 43 cm., on sheet 76 x 79 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2278.","productDescription":"1 map ;58 x 43 cm., on sheet 76 x 79 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":105333,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5898.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"5898"},{"id":182944,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"0","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.5,42.6175 ], [ -112.5,42.75 ], [ -112.36749999999999,42.75 ], [ -112.36749999999999,42.6175 ], [ -112.5,42.6175 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b08e4b07f02db69babb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Platt, L.B.","contributorId":48633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Platt","given":"L.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":67077,"text":"i2469 - 1995 - Historic trail map of the Lamar 1° x 2° quadrangle, Colorado and Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-22T21:53:11.452242","indexId":"i2469","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2469","title":"Historic trail map of the Lamar 1° x 2° quadrangle, Colorado and Kansas","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i2469","usgsCitation":"Scott, G., 1995, Historic trail map of the Lamar 1° x 2° quadrangle, Colorado and Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2469, 1 Plate: 43.61 × 30.11 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2469.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 43.61 × 30.11 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":390876,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_10290.htm"},{"id":256425,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2469/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":256424,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2469/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":256423,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2469/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Kansas","otherGeospatial":"Lamar 1° x 2° quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104,38 ], [ -104,39 ], [ -102,39 ], [ -102,38 ], [ -104,38 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a58e4b07f02db62edd6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, G. R.","contributorId":61398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"G. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":275570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70207689,"text":"70207689 - 1995 - Seismic stratigraphic evidence of ice-sheet advances on the Wilkes Land margin of Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-08T21:05:33.296534","indexId":"70207689","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-06T13:05:51","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic stratigraphic evidence of ice-sheet advances on the Wilkes Land margin of Antarctica","docAbstract":"The Wilkes Land continental shelf, similar to other Antarctic shelves, is underlain by thick sequences of steeply prograded glacial diamictons. On the outer shelf, banks that are shallower than 400 m are separated by broad outer-shelf troughs that deepen landward. The prograded sequences are found preferentially in these broad outer-shelf troughs. We propose that these outer-shelf prograding wedges were deposited by fallout from deforming till-layer transport beneath ice streams at times of ice expansion onto the continental shelf. Such deforming till-layer transport has recently been proposed to explain seismic observations beneath ice stream B of the Ross Embayment. Two prominent erosional unconformities with stratal truncations of more than 500 m indicate erosional events that overdeepened the shelf and provided the accommodation space to allow the deposition of these prograding sequences in front of advancing ice streams at times of past glacial maxima. The erosional events that produced these extraordinary downcuts were caused by erosion by ice that expanded onto a shelf with water depths far too shallow for flotation. These two particular erosional surfaces developed either on an initially shallow shelf, or from an extraordinarily high flux of ice, or both.
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S. L.","contributorId":39409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eittreim","given":"S. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooper, Alan K. acooper@usgs.gov","contributorId":2854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"Alan","email":"acooper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wannesson, J.","contributorId":73268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wannesson","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70207688,"text":"70207688 - 1995 - Strides made in understanding Antarctic stratigraphy and Cenozoic glacial history","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-08T21:12:06.360535","indexId":"70207688","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-06T12:56:03","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strides made in understanding Antarctic stratigraphy and Cenozoic glacial history","docAbstract":"It is known that the Antarctic ice sheet greatly affected global climate, sea‐level, ocean circulation, and Southern Hemisphere biota during Cenozoic times, but until recently, how remained largely a mystery. Because few Cenozoic rocks are exposed on the Antarctic continent, the only way to investigate the evolution of the Antarctic ice sheet was through isotopic studies on distant deep‐ocean sediments. The success of these studies was limited—isotopic studies and low‐latitude sea level variation yielded different glacial ice volumes.
To take study of Cenozoic Antarctic glaciations and their effects a step further, the Antarctic Offshore Acoustic Stratigraphy project (ANTOSTRAT) assembled a contingent of geoscientists from over 100 institutions in 32 countries. Since 1989, they have compiled and analyzed offshore acoustic and geologic data from the Antarctic continental margin, amassing over 150,000 km of multichannel seismic reflection data, tens of thousands of kilometers of single‐channel, high‐resolution seismic data, and over 1000 cores.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/95EO00047","usgsCitation":"Cooper, A.K., Webb, P., and Brancolini, G., 1995, Strides made in understanding Antarctic stratigraphy and Cenozoic glacial history: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 76, no. 10, p. 97-101, https://doi.org/10.1029/95EO00047.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"101","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371015,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cooper, Alan K. acooper@usgs.gov","contributorId":2854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"Alan","email":"acooper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Webb, Peter","contributorId":191867,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webb","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brancolini, Giuliano","contributorId":29150,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brancolini","given":"Giuliano","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5220748,"text":"5220748 - 1995 - A proposed North American amphibian monitoring program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-21T14:13:21.18933","indexId":"5220748","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-06T12:17:44","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1162,"text":"Canadian Association of Herpetologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A proposed North American amphibian monitoring program","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Herpetological Society","usgsCitation":"Bishop, C., Bradford, D., Casper, G., Corn, S., Droege, S., Fellers, G., Geissler, P., Green, D., Heyer, R., Lannoo, M., Larson, D., Johnson, D., McDiarmid, R., Sauer, J., Shaffer, B., Whiteman, H., and Wilbur, H., 1995, A proposed North American amphibian monitoring program: Canadian Association of Herpetologists Bulletin, v. 9, p. 6-13.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"6","endPage":"13","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197413,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8c9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bishop, C.","contributorId":100798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bishop","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradford, D.","contributorId":35265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Casper, G.","contributorId":82651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casper","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Corn, S.","contributorId":19511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corn","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Droege, Sam 0000-0003-4393-0403","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4393-0403","contributorId":64185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Droege","given":"Sam","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":332367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fellers, G.","contributorId":42167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fellers","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Geissler, P.","contributorId":45662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geissler","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Green, D.M.","contributorId":85124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Heyer, R.","contributorId":46463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heyer","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Lannoo, M.","contributorId":73955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lannoo","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Larson, D.","contributorId":68853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Johnson, D.","contributorId":85955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"McDiarmid, R.","contributorId":72748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDiarmid","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Sauer, J.","contributorId":29771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Shaffer, B. 0000-0002-8787-7504","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8787-7504","contributorId":36084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":332362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Whiteman, H.","contributorId":101220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whiteman","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Wilbur, H.","contributorId":44115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilbur","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17}]}} ,{"id":70207654,"text":"70207654 - 1995 - The Pennsylvanian Fire Clay tonstein of the Appalachian basin—Its distribution, biostratigraphy, and mineralogy: Discussion and reply","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-04T15:46:39.226387","indexId":"70207654","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-02T14:05:18","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Pennsylvanian Fire Clay tonstein of the Appalachian basin—Its distribution, biostratigraphy, and mineralogy: Discussion and reply","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1996)108<0120:TPFCTO>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Outerbridge, W., Rice, C.L., Belkin, H.E., Henry, T., and Kunk, M.J., 1995, The Pennsylvanian Fire Clay tonstein of the Appalachian basin—Its distribution, biostratigraphy, and mineralogy: Discussion and reply: GSA Bulletin, v. 108, no. 1, p. 120-125, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1996)108<0120:TPFCTO>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"120","endPage":"125","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370947,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky, West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Appalachian basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.4521484375,\n 36.721273880045004\n ],\n [\n -82.2216796875,\n 37.45741810262938\n ],\n [\n -81.67236328125,\n 37.735969208590504\n ],\n [\n -81.9580078125,\n 38.46219172306828\n ],\n [\n -84.39697265625,\n 37.59682400108367\n ],\n [\n -83.4521484375,\n 36.721273880045004\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"108","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Outerbridge, William wouterbridge@usgs.gov","contributorId":2807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Outerbridge","given":"William","email":"wouterbridge@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":778766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rice, C. 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Because the biotites are nearly pristine compositionally, electron microprobe analyses provide a precise geochemical fingerprint of each bed. Millbrig and Kinnekulle biotites contain more FeO* and MnO and less MgO and TiO2 than do Deicke biotites. Millbrig biotites contain more MgO and less TiO2 than Kinnekulle biotites, and Kinnekulle biotites contain appreciably more Al2O3 than either Deicke or Millbrig biotites. Each of these tephras was unmistakably the product of a gigantic explosive volcanic eruption, but the differences in phenocryst chemistry point to derivation from three compositionally different magma batches.
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\"}}]}","volume":"23","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haynes, John T.","contributorId":54842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haynes","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Melson, W.G.","contributorId":77299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melson","given":"W.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kunk, Michael J. 0000-0003-4424-7825 mkunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4424-7825","contributorId":200968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunk","given":"Michael","email":"mkunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70207652,"text":"70207652 - 1995 - An 40Ar/39Ar thermochronology of the Ofoten‐Troms region: Implications for terrane amalgamation and extensional collapse of the northern Scandinavian Caledonides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-02T13:41:47","indexId":"70207652","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-02T13:31:45","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3524,"text":"Tectonics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"An 40Ar/39Ar thermochronology of the Ofoten‐Troms region: Implications for terrane amalgamation and extensional collapse of the northern Scandinavian Caledonides","title":"An 40Ar/39Ar thermochronology of the Ofoten‐Troms region: Implications for terrane amalgamation and extensional collapse of the northern Scandinavian Caledonides","docAbstract":"Fifteen 40Ar/39Ar cooling ages are reported for metamorphic hornblende and muscovite from far traveled terranes constituting the Ofoten nappe stack of northern Norway. Eight cooling ages on hornblende range from 425 to 394 Ma and seven muscovite ages, from the same or nearby outcrops as the hornblendes, range from 400 to 373 Ma. These data are compared with 40Ar/39Ar ages from over a large part of the northern Caledonides to evaluate regional mineral cooling patterns. Results indicate that (1) Scandian (Silurian‐Devonian) metamorphism was predominant; (2) most of the nappes investigated contain some vestige of pre‐Scandian tectonism and/or metamorphism; (3) hornblende and muscovite cooling ages are progressively younger to the west and south, which suggests a hinged‐to‐the‐east mineral cooling pattern; and (4) a late, out‐of‐sequence thrust is the only disruption of this cooling pattern. Synmetamorphic amalgamation of the nappes resulted from Scandian A type subduction. The hinged‐to‐the‐east mineral cooling pattern implies isostatic adjustment and exhumation of the footwall of a west dipping, crustal‐scale extensional fault, located somewhere west of the present Norwegian coast, during late synorogenic gravitational collapse. The late out‐of‐sequence fault formed contemporaneously with uplift in the hinterland, implying a kinematic and temporal connection with east directed contractional faulting in the foreland.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/94TC03091","usgsCitation":"Coker, J.E., Steltenpohl, M.G., Andersen, A., and Kunk, M.J., 1995, An 40Ar/39Ar thermochronology of the Ofoten‐Troms region: Implications for terrane amalgamation and extensional collapse of the northern Scandinavian Caledonides: Tectonics, v. 14, no. 2, p. 435-447, https://doi.org/10.1029/94TC03091.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"435","endPage":"447","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370945,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Norway","otherGeospatial":"Ofoten-Troms region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 16.4300537109375,\n 68.23885932485354\n ],\n [\n 18.08349609375,\n 68.23885932485354\n ],\n [\n 18.08349609375,\n 69.0567854089922\n ],\n [\n 16.4300537109375,\n 69.0567854089922\n ],\n [\n 16.4300537109375,\n 68.23885932485354\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coker, Janet E.","contributorId":221571,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coker","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steltenpohl, Mark G.","contributorId":178199,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steltenpohl","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Andersen, A.","contributorId":95717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kunk, Michael J. 0000-0003-4424-7825 mkunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4424-7825","contributorId":200968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunk","given":"Michael","email":"mkunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70248332,"text":"70248332 - 1995 - Mudflow generated by retrogressive slope failure, Santa Barbara Basin, California continental borderland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-07T18:06:38.257616","indexId":"70248332","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-02T13:01:48","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2451,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","onlineIssn":"1938-3681","printIssn":"1527-1404","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mudflow generated by retrogressive slope failure, Santa Barbara Basin, California continental borderland","docAbstract":"The morphology and internal geometry of a mudflow deposit on the mainland slope of the Santa Barbara Basin are defined using high-resolution seismic-reflection data in combination with core samples. Sediment failure occurred on a 4 degrees slope in the uppermost part of late Quaternary well-bedded slope deposits. The failure zone extends from water depths of 374-510 m near the base of slope, occupies an area of 4 km 2 , and involved the translation of 0.01-0.02 km 3 of sediment. Major geomorphic features of the mudflow deposit include a headscarp 6-8 m high, a scar 50-700 m wide, and a main body 1 km long and 12 m thick. The hummocky surface of the mudflow deposits, their chaotic internal structure, and the bulbous toe tapering upslope to a thin tail are consistent with mass flow involving extensive internal deformation. Sediment failed in stages, ending with upslope retrogressive retreat of the headwall along the east side of the failure zone. Known sedimentation rates of 0.8-1.4 m/k.y., as well as the presence of a thin (0.15-0.5 m thick) sediment cap resting atop the scar surface, indicate that the failure probably occurred within the past few centuries. A geotechnical analysis incorporating the results of both static and dynamic triaxial strength tests shows that the failure was probably caused by a strong (M nearly equal 7.5) nearby earthquake. The weakened sediment that remained after earthquake shaking continued to flow down the gentle basin slope under the stresses generated by gravity alone. The analysis also shows that much of the slope sediment is marginally stable and that additional mudflows will probably occur during future strong seismic shaking.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1306/D4268022-2B26-11D7-8648000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Edwards, B.D., Lee, H., and Field, M.E., 1995, Mudflow generated by retrogressive slope failure, Santa Barbara Basin, California continental borderland: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. A65, no. 1, p. 57-68, https://doi.org/10.1306/D4268022-2B26-11D7-8648000102C1865D.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"68","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":420637,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"http://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Santa Barbara Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.08307971743301,\n 34.61195481822385\n ],\n [\n -121.08307971743301,\n 33.69657785984079\n ],\n [\n -119.03665816737208,\n 33.69657785984079\n ],\n [\n -119.03665816737208,\n 34.61195481822385\n ],\n [\n -121.08307971743301,\n 34.61195481822385\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"A65","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edwards, Brian D. bedwards@usgs.gov","contributorId":3161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Brian","email":"bedwards@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":882550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, Homa J. hjlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":1021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Homa J.","email":"hjlee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":882551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Field, Michael E. mfield@usgs.gov","contributorId":2101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Michael","email":"mfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":882552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70207651,"text":"70207651 - 1995 - Age of the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary in the Western Interior of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-05T13:39:37.573372","indexId":"70207651","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-02T12:59:10","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1344,"text":"Cretaceous Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age of the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary in the Western Interior of the United States","docAbstract":"High precision 40Ar/39Ar laser-microprobe ages of individual sanidines,40Ar/39Ar plateau age spectra on bulk sanidine concentrates, U-Pb zircon ages, and zircon and apatite fission-track ages from three bentonites bracketing the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary in the Western Interior of the United States suggest an age for the boundary of 93.1 ± 0.3 (2σ. The lowermost bentonite comes from the Upper Cenomanian Sciponoceras gracile biozone, and gives a weighted mean laser-fusion single-crystal 40Ar/39Ar age of 93.50 ± 0.52 Ma (2σ, standard error of the mean, n = 14) for sanidine. The middle bentonite comes from the Upper Cenomanian Neocardioceras juddii biozone, accepted in both North America and Europe as the uppermost Cenomanian ammonite zone; it gives an average single-crystal 40 /39Ar age of 93.33 ± 0.50 Ma (n = 29), a bulk-sample 40Ar/39Ar plateau age of 93.09 ± 0.34 Ma (2σ) for sanidine, and concordant 206Pb/238U and 207 Pb/235U ages of 93.48 ± 0.32 Ma on zircon. The upper bentonite comes from near the base of the Turonian, immediately above the first occurrence of the basal Turonian bivalve Mytiloides and sanidines from it give an average single-crystal 40Ar/39Ar age of 93.46 ± 0.60 Ma (n = 12) and a bulk-sample 40 Ar/39Ar plateau age of 92.87 ± 0.34 Ma. The composition of these Cenomanian-Turonian bentonites from Colorado and Utah, the types of phenocrysts present, and the morphology of included zircons all indicate that the pre-alteration ash was rhyolitic and probably generated in a subduction setting involving a significant crustal component.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/cres.1995.1007","usgsCitation":"Kowallis, B.J., Christiansen, E.H., Deino, A.L., Kunk, M.J., and Heaman, L., 1995, Age of the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary in the Western Interior of the United States: Cretaceous Research, v. 16, no. 1, p. 109-129, https://doi.org/10.1006/cres.1995.1007.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"129","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370944,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Western Interior of the United 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