The Ruby terrane is an elongate fragment of continental crustal rocks that is structurally overlain by thrust slices of oceanic crust. Our results from the Kokrines Hills, in the south‐central part of the Ruby terrane, demonstrate that the low‐angle schistose fabric formed under high‐P/low‐T conditions, at peak conditions of 10.8‐13.2 kbar and 425‐550° C, consistent with the rare occurrence of glaucophane. White mica 40Ar/39Ar cooling ages from these blueschists indicate that the metamorphism occurred prior to 144 ± 1 Ma. The blueschist facies assemblages are partially replaced by greenschist facies assemblages in the eastern Kokrines Hills. In contrast, in the central and western Kokrines Hills, upper amphibolite to lower granulite facies metamorphism associated with extensive late Early Cretaceous plutonism has completely overprinted any evidence of an earlier high‐P/T metamorphic history. Deformation accompanying the plutonism produced recumbent isoclinal folds in the plutonic rocks and pelitic gneisses of the wallrock; decompression reactions in the pelitic gneisses suggest that the deformation occurred during exhumation. Thermochronological data bracket the time of intrusion and cooling below 500° C between 118 ± 3 and 109 ± 1 Ma.
Our data from the schists of the Ruby terrane support the general assumption of many authors that the Ruby terrane was subducted beneath an oceanic island arc. This tectonic history is similar to that described for other large continental crustal blocks in northern and central Alaska, in the Brooks Range, Seward Peninsula and Yukon‐Tanana Upland. The current orientation of the Ruby terrane at an oblique angle to these other crustal blocks and to the Cordilleran trend is due to post‐collisional tectonic processes that have greatly modified the original continental margin.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1525-1314.1995.tb00203.x","usgsCitation":"Roeske, S.M., Dusel-Bacon, C., Aleinikoff, J.N., Snee, L., and Lanphere, M.A., 1995, Metamorphic and structural history of continental crust at a Mesozoic collisional margin, the Ruby terrane, central Alaska: Journal of Metamorphic Geology, v. 13, no. 1, p. 25-40, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1314.1995.tb00203.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"40","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370469,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -159.78515624999997,\n 61.77312286453146\n ],\n [\n -141.50390625,\n 61.77312286453146\n ],\n [\n -141.50390625,\n 69.28725695167886\n ],\n [\n -159.78515624999997,\n 69.28725695167886\n ],\n [\n -159.78515624999997,\n 61.77312286453146\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-05-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roeske, S. M.","contributorId":96865,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roeske","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dusel-Bacon, Cynthia 0000-0001-8481-739X cdusel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8481-739X","contributorId":2797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dusel-Bacon","given":"Cynthia","email":"cdusel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aleinikoff, John N. 0000-0003-3494-6841 jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":1478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"John","email":"jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Snee, L.W.","contributorId":99981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snee","given":"L.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lanphere, Marvin A. alder@usgs.gov","contributorId":2696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanphere","given":"Marvin","email":"alder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":777968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5222724,"text":"5222724 - 1995 - Effects of diet on rate of body mass gain by wintering canvasbacks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-27T15:24:13.988779","indexId":"5222724","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of diet on rate of body mass gain by wintering canvasbacks","docAbstract":"Because habitat degradation has led to the loss of submerged vegetation in Chesapeake Bay, wintering canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria) have shifted from a plant diet of American wildcelery (Vallisneria americana) to an animal diet of Baltic clams (Macoma balthica). We conducted experiments with pen-reared canvasbacks (n = 32, 1990; n = 32, 1991) to assess the effect of this diet change on mass recovery rate following a simulated period of food deprivation. During the recovery phase, canvasbacks were fed ad libitum either (1) Baltic clams (1991 only), (2) tubers of wildcelery, 3) corn, or (4) commercial control diet. Initial body mass of ducks did not differ between years (P = 0.754) or among pens (P > 0.264) or diets within years (1990, P = 0.520; 1991, P = 0.684). Body mass decline during food deprivation (x̄ = 26.0 g/day ± 0.6 SE) did not differ among diets (1990, P = 0.239; 1991, P = 0.062) or between sexes in 1990 (P = 0.197), but was greater (P = 0.039) for males (x̄ = 28 g/day ± 0.8 SE) than females (x̄ = 25 g/day ± 0.9) in 1991. Mass recovery rate differed between diets (clams excluded) in 1990 (P = 0.003) and 1991 (clams included) (P = 0.011); mean = 42 g•bird-1/day-1 ± 3.8 (SE) control diet, mean = 32 g•bird-1/day-1 ± 2.8 wildcelery tubers, mean = 24 g•bird-1/day-1 ± 4.9 whole corn, and mean = 23 g•bird-1/day-1 ± 1.0 Baltic clams. Canvasbacks consumed an average of 2,169 g•bird-1/day-1 of Baltic clams, 1,158 g•bird-1/day-1 of wildcelery tubers, 152 g•bird-1/day-1 whole corn, and 208 g•bird-1/day-1 (dry mass) control diet during recovery. Managers should restore and maintain aquatic plant foods that enhance winter survival of canvasbacks and other waterfowl in response to declining habitat quality.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3809112","usgsCitation":"Jorde, D., Haramis, G., Bunck, C., and Pendleton, G.W., 1995, Effects of diet on rate of body mass gain by wintering canvasbacks: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 59, no. 1, p. 31-39, https://doi.org/10.2307/3809112.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"39","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194234,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.78751804727415,\n 39.461799146482804\n ],\n [\n -76.78751804727415,\n 36.943974594153346\n ],\n [\n -75.6742332623424,\n 36.943974594153346\n ],\n [\n -75.6742332623424,\n 39.461799146482804\n ],\n [\n -76.78751804727415,\n 39.461799146482804\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"59","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2fe4b07f02db615f0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jorde, Dennis G. djorde@usgs.gov","contributorId":12804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jorde","given":"Dennis G.","email":"djorde@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":336966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haramis, G. Michael mharamis@usgs.gov","contributorId":4001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haramis","given":"G. Michael","email":"mharamis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":336969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bunck, Christine M.","contributorId":210764,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bunck","given":"Christine M.","affiliations":[{"id":38142,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD (Retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":336968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pendleton, Grey W.","contributorId":191446,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pendleton","given":"Grey","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":336967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5222732,"text":"5222732 - 1995 - Response of northern pintail breeding populations to drought, 1961-1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-27T15:36:43.273317","indexId":"5222732","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of northern pintail breeding populations to drought, 1961-1992","docAbstract":"According to data from the 1960s, northern pintails (Anas acuta) fly north of the Alberta and Saskatchewan prairies during drought resulting in decreasing pintail annual production. Reanalysis of overflight and reduced-production hypotheses using data from 1961-92 indicated that, although the same basic relationships were present, these relationships changed over time. The number of pintails counted in northern survey areas from Alaska through northern Alberta divided by the number in southern areas of Alberta and Saskatchewan was used as an index of overflight (North-South ratio). Variation in total May ponds in southern Alberta and southern Saskatchewan accounted for variation in the North-South ratio during the 1960s (r2 = 0.779, P = 0.004) and 1980s (r2 = 0.251, P = 0.08), but not during the 1970s (r2 = 0.001, P = 0.94), generally a period of high total May ponds. Variation in the North-South ratio accounted for variation in pintail production, measured as the age ratio from hunter harvest (harvest-age ratios), during the 1960s (r2 = 0.688, P = 0.01) but not during the 1970s (r2 = 0.226, P = 0.14) and 1980s (r2 = 0.103, P = 0.29). The lack of a relationship between harvest-age and North-South ratios during the 1980s resulted from lower average age ratios during years when large numbers of pintails were in the southern region. Pintail production in prairie-parkland areas may have declined and, in the 1990s, may be equal to production in the northern regions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3809109","usgsCitation":"Hestbeck, J.B., 1995, Response of northern pintail breeding populations to drought, 1961-1992: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 59, no. 1, p. 9-15, https://doi.org/10.2307/3809109.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"9","endPage":"15","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194047,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -179.57624588388762,\n 70.03660125376717\n ],\n [\n -179.57624588388762,\n 48.64428607341597\n ],\n [\n -94.64034350238421,\n 48.64428607341597\n ],\n [\n -94.64034350238421,\n 70.03660125376717\n ],\n [\n -179.57624588388762,\n 70.03660125376717\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"59","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db628393","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hestbeck, Jay B. jay_hestbeck@usgs.gov","contributorId":4247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hestbeck","given":"Jay","email":"jay_hestbeck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":336997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70169088,"text":"70169088 - 1995 - A regional monitoring network to investigate the occurrence of agricultural chemicals in near-surface aquifers of the midcontinental USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-20T12:00:28","indexId":"70169088","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T16:45:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A regional monitoring network to investigate the occurrence of agricultural chemicals in near-surface aquifers of the midcontinental USA","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.2307/1940651","usgsCitation":"Grace, J.B., 1995, On the measurement of plant competition intensity: Ecology, v. 76, no. 1, p. 305-308, https://doi.org/10.2307/1940651.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"305","endPage":"308","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369066,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grace, James B. 0000-0001-6374-4726 gracej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"James","email":"gracej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":774880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70039226,"text":"70039226 - 1995 - Glaciers: A water resource","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-03T01:02:04","indexId":"70039226","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T16:22:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":362,"text":"General Information Product","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Glaciers: A water resource","docAbstract":"Most Americans have never seen a glacier, and most would say that glaciers are rare features found only in inaccessible, isolated wilderness mountains. Are they really so rare? Or are they really potentially important sources of water supply?","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/70039226","isbn":"0-16-045543-X","usgsCitation":"Meier, M., and Post, A., 1995, Glaciers: A water resource: General Information Product, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70039226.","productDescription":"23 p.","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":261406,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039226/report.pdf"},{"id":261407,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039226/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2925e4b0c8380cd5a6e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meier, Mark","contributorId":20594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Post, Austin","contributorId":90709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Post","given":"Austin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70199557,"text":"70199557 - 1995 - Environmental contaminants in eggs of California least terns (Sterna antillarum browni)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-21T11:07:02","indexId":"70199557","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T16:13:07","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental contaminants in eggs of California least terns (Sterna antillarum browni)","docAbstract":"A severe decline in the coastal breeding population of California least terns (Sterna antillarum browni) in California and Baja California (U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. 1980) prompted both State and Federal governments to designate it an endangered species in 1970 (Massey 1974). Significant losses of nesting and feeding habitat have contributed greatly to the decline of this subspecies (Massey 1974; Atwood and Minsky 1983). However, environmental contaminants, such as organochlorine compounds and metals, may also have contributed to the decline. California least terns are primarily piscivorous during the nesting period (Massey 1974), feeding predominantly on jack-smelt (Atherinops californiensis), topsmelt (A. affinis), and northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) (Atwood and Minsky 1983). Topsmelt had the highest levels of DDE (p,p'-DDE) (up to 3 #g/g wet wt) of fish collected from San Diego Bay by Ohlendorf et al. (1985). Eggs of Caspian terns ~. caspia) from that study contained up to 56/~g/g DDE, and DDE was associated with a reduction in eggshell thickness as determined by the thickness index. In addition to shell deficiencies, organochlorines can also cause reduced egg production, aberrant incubation behavior, delayed ovulation, embryotoxicosis, and mortality of chicks and adults (Blus 1982). Mercury (Hg) and selenium (Se) have caused decreased hatchability, altered nesting behavior, and embryotoxicosis in birds in field and laboratory studies (Cormors et al. 1975; Ohlendorf et al. 1986; Heinz et al. 1987). Our objective was to evaluate the role of contaminants in the decline of California least terns.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00203750","usgsCitation":"Hothem, R.L., and Zador, S.G., 1995, Environmental contaminants in eggs of California least terns (Sterna antillarum browni): Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 55, no. 1, p. 658-665, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00203750.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"658","endPage":"665","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357581,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","volume":"55","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c110fa0e4b034bf6a81170e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hothem, Roger L. roger_hothem@usgs.gov","contributorId":1721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hothem","given":"Roger","email":"roger_hothem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zador, Stephani G.","contributorId":201047,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zador","given":"Stephani","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70129411,"text":"70129411 - 1995 - Ranges of North American breeding birds: visualizing long-term population changes in North American breeding birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-21T16:07:55","indexId":"70129411","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T16:02:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Ranges of North American breeding birds: visualizing long-term population changes in North American breeding birds","docAbstract":"These maps show changes in the distribution and abundance patterns of some North American birds for the last 20 years. For each species there are four maps, each representing the average distribution and abundance pattern over the five-year periods 1970-1974, 1975-1979, 1980-1984, and 1985-1989.
\nThe maps are based on data collected by the USFWS/CWS Breeding Bird Survey (BBS). Only BBS routes that were run at least once during each of the five-year periods were used (about 1300 routes). The maps were created in the software package Surfer using a kriging technique to interpolate mean relative abundances for areas where no routes were run. On each map, a portion of northeast Canada was blanked out because there were not enough routes to allow for adequate interpolation.
\nAll of the maps in this presentation use the same color scale (shown below). The minimum value mapped was 0.5 birds per route, which represents the edge of the species range.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70129411","usgsCitation":"Price, J., 1995, Ranges of North American breeding birds: visualizing long-term population changes in North American breeding birds, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/70129411.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295594,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295593,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/birds/breedrng/index.htm"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"544775bce4b0f888a81b833e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Price, Jeff","contributorId":64169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"Jeff","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70198727,"text":"70198727 - 1995 - Middle Tertiary extension recorded by lacustrine fan-delta deposits, Plush Ranch Basin, western Transverse Ranges, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-15T15:31:12","indexId":"70198727","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T15:31:04","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2451,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","onlineIssn":"1938-3681","printIssn":"1527-1404","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Middle Tertiary extension recorded by lacustrine fan-delta deposits, Plush Ranch Basin, western Transverse Ranges, California","docAbstract":"The Plush Ranch Formation (upper Oligocene and lower Miocene) consists of more than 1800 m of nonmarine sedimentary and volcanic rocks that record the history of an extensional basin referred to here as the Plush Ranch basin. Distinctive depositional facies, provenance, and sediment transport directions along each basin margin suggest an asymmetric basin shape that is consistent with a half-graben origin. The northern basin margin consists of sandstone-dominated alluvial-plain deposits (0.1-1.5 m thick, normally graded, lenticular sandstone beds). Small deltaic sequences 1-2 m thick were formed where these alluvial systems flowed southward into a lake. Lenses of massive, boulder-rich granitic breccia that represent rockslide deposits derived from a nearby northern granitic provenance interfinger with the alluvial-plain facies. In contrast to the northern margin, the southern basin margin is represented by coarse-grained fan-delta deposits. Matrix- and clast-supported lenticular conglomerate beds 0.2-5 m thick with interbedded trough-cross-bedded pebbly sandstone represent braided-stream and flood-flow and/or noncohesive debris-flow deposits of alluvial fans that drained a highland area to the south. The alluvial-fan deposits interfinger to the north with several types of subaqueous sediment-gravity-flow facies including turbidite sandstone beds and matrix-supported debris-flow conglomerate. Each of the basin-margin depositional systems grades basinward and to the east into lacustrine deposits that include organic-rich dark shale, evaporite, and limestone. The lacustrine deposits represent the central and eastern parts of the Plush Ranch basin, which received little coarse siliciclastic sediment. Basalt deposits that are at least 50 m thick in the west and thicken eastward are interbedded mainly with the lacustrine facies. The southern margin of the Plush Ranch basin formed along a north-dipping, normal-slip fault along which dip separation increased toward the southwest; the northern margin developed on the tilted hanging-wall block of this fault. This fault was later reactivated in post-middle Miocene time as the present left-lateral strike-slip Big Pine fault. The Plush Ranch is one of several extensional and transtensional basins that formed in southern California and western Arizona about 25-20 Ma as a response to the change from a convergent to a strikeslip tectonic regime along western North America.
","language":"English","publisher":"SEPM","doi":"10.1306/D4268284-2B26-11D7-8648000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Cole, R.B., and Stanley, R.G., 1995, Middle Tertiary extension recorded by lacustrine fan-delta deposits, Plush Ranch Basin, western Transverse Ranges, California: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 65, no. 4b, p. 455-468, https://doi.org/10.1306/D4268284-2B26-11D7-8648000102C1865D.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"455","endPage":"468","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356536,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Plush Ranch Basin","volume":"65","issue":"4b","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c110fa0e4b034bf6a811712","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cole, Ronald B.","contributorId":190386,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cole","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stanley, Richard G. 0000-0001-6192-8783 rstanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6192-8783","contributorId":1832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Richard","email":"rstanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70198726,"text":"70198726 - 1995 - Geochemical evaluation of coal from the Tertiary Usibelli Group, Usibelli mine, Alaska, one of the lowest sulfur coals mined in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-15T15:28:19","indexId":"70198726","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T15:28:09","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geochemical evaluation of coal from the Tertiary Usibelli Group, Usibelli mine, Alaska, one of the lowest sulfur coals mined in the United States","docAbstract":"The Nenana coal basin extends 240 km in length and 1.5-50 krn in width along the northern foothills of the Alaska Range in central Alaska. Located at the western end of the Nenana basin is the Usibelli Coal Mine, approximately 120 km southwest of Fairbanks. The Tertiary Usibelli Group consists of coal-bearing fluvial and lacustrine sedimentary deposits that were derived from the Yukon-Tanana Upland area located northeast of the present mine site. To evaluate changes in major-, minor-, and trace-element distributions, we collected 65 samples from the No. 3 bed from 5 different locations and 128 samples from the No. 4 bed from 6 different locations
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings, Focus on Alaska Coal 1993: Mineral Industry Research Laboratory Report 94","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Mineral Industry Research Laboratory, University of Alaska Fairbanks","usgsCitation":"Affolter, R.H., Stricker, G.D., and Stanley, R.G., 1995, Geochemical evaluation of coal from the Tertiary Usibelli Group, Usibelli mine, Alaska, one of the lowest sulfur coals mined in the United States, in Proceedings, Focus on Alaska Coal 1993: Mineral Industry Research Laboratory Report 94, p. 167-182.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"167","endPage":"182","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356535,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":356534,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dggs.alaska.gov/webpubs/mirl/report_no/text/mirl_n94.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c110fa1e4b034bf6a811716","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Affolter, Ronald H. affolter@usgs.gov","contributorId":659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Affolter","given":"Ronald","email":"affolter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":165,"text":"Central Energy Resources Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":742743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stricker, Gary D. gstricker@usgs.gov","contributorId":87163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stricker","given":"Gary","email":"gstricker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":165,"text":"Central Energy Resources Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":742744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stanley, Richard G. 0000-0001-6192-8783 rstanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6192-8783","contributorId":1832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Richard","email":"rstanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70006644,"text":"70006644 - 1995 - Serotypes and DNA fingerprint profiles of Pasteurella multocida isolated from raptors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-23T16:55:47","indexId":"70006644","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T15:10:34","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":948,"text":"Avian Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Serotypes and DNA fingerprint profiles of Pasteurella multocida isolated from raptors","docAbstract":"Pasteurella multocida isolates from 21 raptors were examined by DNA fingerprint profile and serotyping methods. Isolates were obtained from noncaptive birds of prey found in 11 states from November 28, 1979, through February 10, 1993. Nine isolates were from bald eagles, and the remaining isolates were from hawks, falcons, and owls. Seven isolates were members of capsule group A, and 14 were nonencapsulated. One isolate was identified as somatic type 3, and another was type 3,4,7; both had unique HhaI DNA fingerprint profiles. Nineteen isolates expressed somatic type 1 antigen; HhaI profiles of all type 1 isolates were identical to each other and to the HhaI profile of the reference somatic type 1, strain X-73. The 19 type 1 isolates were differentiated by sequential digestion of DNA with HpaII; four HpaII fingerprint profiles were obtained. The HpaII profile of one isolate was identical to the HpaII profile of strain X-73. Incidence of P. multocida somatic type 1 in raptors suggests that this type may be prevalent in other wildlife or wildlife environments.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Avian Diseases","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Avian Pathologists","doi":"10.2307/1591987","usgsCitation":"Wilson, M.A., Duncan, R.M., Nordholm, G., and Berlowski, B., 1995, Serotypes and DNA fingerprint profiles of Pasteurella multocida isolated from raptors: Avian Diseases, v. 39, no. 1, p. 94-99, https://doi.org/10.2307/1591987.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"94","endPage":"99","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288594,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1591987"},{"id":288595,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"39","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae782be4b0abf75cf2cc73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, M. 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Algal assemblages identified byTWINSPAN were each associated with a narrow range of water-quality conditions. In the Cascade geologic province, where timber harvest and grazing are the dominant land uses, differences in community structure (CCA site scores) and concentrations of major ions (Ca and Mg) and nutrients (solute P, SiO2 and inorganic N) varied with dominant rock type of the basin. In agricultural areas of the Columbia Plateau province, differences in phytobenthos structure were based primarily on the degree of enrichment of dissolved solids, inorganic N, and solute P from irrigation-return flows and subsurface drainage. Habitat characteristics strongly correlated with community structure included reach altitude, turbidity, substratum embeddedness (Columbia Plateau), large woody-debris density (Cascade Range), and composition and density of the riparian vegetation. Algal biomass (AFDM) correlated with composition and density of the riparian vegetation but not with measured chemical-constituent concentrations. Nitrogen limitation in streams of the Cascade Range favored nitrogen-fixing blue-green algae and diatoms with endosymbiotic blue-greens, whereas nitrogen heterotrophs were abundant in agricultural areas of the Columbia Plateau.
","language":"English","publisher":"Department of Fisheries and Oceans","publisherLocation":"Ottawa","doi":"10.1139/f95-108","usgsCitation":"Leland, H.V., 1995, Distribution of phytobenthos in the Yakima River basin, Washington, in relation to geology, land use and other environmental factors: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 52, no. 5, p. 1108-1129, https://doi.org/10.1139/f95-108.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1108","endPage":"1129","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":322102,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575158afe4b053f0edd03c31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leland, Harry V.","contributorId":51158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leland","given":"Harry","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70006511,"text":"70006511 - 1995 - Effects of fish density and relative abundance on competition between larval lake herring and lake whitefish for zooplankton","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-27T14:37:00","indexId":"70006511","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T14:34:56","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Effects of fish density and relative abundance on competition between larval lake herring and lake whitefish for zooplankton","docAbstract":"Competition for zooplankton between larval lake herring (Coregonus artedi) and lake whitefish (C. clupeaformis) was compared in mesocosm experiments in a small lake. Both species were combined in test enclosures at relative abundances of 1:1 or 1:4 lake herring to lake whitefish at densities of 500; 1, 000; and 2, 000 fish per cage, and were allowed to feed ad libitum on available zooplankton. After 60 days, at 500 fish per cage and a 1:1 ratio, lake whitfish were significantly larger than lake herring. At 1, 000 and 2, 000 fish per cage, lake herring and lake whitefish exhibited similar depressed growth rates. Survival was lower (30-50%) in the nets with 2, 000 fish than in the lower fish densities. We suspect that diet similarities of juvenile lake herring and lake whitefish in addition to the larger size and more aggressive behavior of larval lake whitefish resulted in the depressed growth and poorer survival for lake herring.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biology and Management of Coregonid Fishes -- 1993","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung","publisherLocation":"Stuttgart, Germany","usgsCitation":"Todd, T.N., and Davis, B.M., 1995, Effects of fish density and relative abundance on competition between larval lake herring and lake whitefish for zooplankton, chap. of Biology and Management of Coregonid Fishes -- 1993, p. 163-171.","productDescription":"p. 163-171","startPage":"163","endPage":"171","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289143,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7697e4b0abf75cf2bfba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Todd, Thomas N.","contributorId":42547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todd","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, Bruce M. bmdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":4227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Bruce","email":"bmdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70095008,"text":"70095008 - 1995 - Earthquake induced seismicity: evidence from the Ms7.4 landers, earthquake and the Geysers geothermal field, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-26T14:50:58","indexId":"70095008","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T14:21:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Earthquake induced seismicity: evidence from the Ms7.4 landers, earthquake and the Geysers geothermal field, California","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Inducing of Earthquakes by Underground Nuclear Explosions: Environmental and Ecological Problems","conferenceTitle":"NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Inducing of Earthquakes by Underground Nuclear Explosions: Environmental and Ecological Problems","conferenceDate":"1994-11-09T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Moscow, Russia","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Berlin","usgsCitation":"Gomberg, J., 1995, Earthquake induced seismicity: evidence from the Ms7.4 landers, earthquake and the Geysers geothermal field, California, p. 201-213.","productDescription":"p. 201-213","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":282859,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"The Geysers","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.2374,38.3457 ], [ -123.2374,39.1643 ], [ -121.9267,39.1643 ], [ -121.9267,38.3457 ], [ -123.2374,38.3457 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5629e4b0b290850f6c0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gomberg, J.S.","contributorId":102095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomberg","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70006505,"text":"70006505 - 1995 - The effects of temperature on sex determination in the bloater Coregonus hoyi: a hypothesis test","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-30T14:20:40","indexId":"70006505","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T14:15:27","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The effects of temperature on sex determination in the bloater Coregonus hoyi: a hypothesis test","docAbstract":"The hypothesis that temperature was an epigamic factor in bloater (Coregonus hoyi) sex determination in Lake Michigan was tested by rearing bloater larvae in the laboratory at 6, 11, and 15 degrees C for the first 80 days after hatching. The percentages of females of fish exposed to the three treatment temperatures did not differ significantly from the expected, 50%. Therefore, the null hypothesis, that temperature did not influence bloater sex determination within the confines of this study, could not be rejected. Our study of bloater sex determination was an attempt to explain the extreme female predominance (> 95%) that occurred in the Lake Michigan bloater population during the 1960s.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biology and Management of Coregonid Fishes -- 1993","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung","publisherLocation":"Stuttgart, Germany","usgsCitation":"Eck, G.W., and Allen, J.D., 1995, The effects of temperature on sex determination in the bloater Coregonus hoyi: a hypothesis test, chap. of Biology and Management of Coregonid Fishes -- 1993, p. 173-179.","productDescription":"p. 173-179","startPage":"173","endPage":"179","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289241,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.0434,41.6089 ], [ -88.0434,46.1024 ], [ -84.7385,46.1024 ], [ -84.7385,41.6089 ], [ -88.0434,41.6089 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b286fce4b07b8813a5550a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eck, Gary W.","contributorId":106053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eck","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, Jeffrey D. jdallen@usgs.gov","contributorId":3740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jdallen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70170851,"text":"70170851 - 1995 - Aquifer test in a complex drift aquifer system, west-central Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T10:33:46","indexId":"70170851","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T14:15:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1925,"text":"Hydrological Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aquifer test in a complex drift aquifer system, west-central Minnesota","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Institute of Hydrology","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","usgsCitation":"Delin, G., 1995, Aquifer test in a complex drift aquifer system, west-central Minnesota: Hydrological Science and Technology, v. 11, no. 1-4, p. 1-13.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320975,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","volume":"11","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"572b1d2ce4b0b13d391b445d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Delin, G. N.","contributorId":12834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delin","given":"G. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70074401,"text":"70074401 - 1995 - Topography of closed depressions, scarps, and grabens in the North Tharsis region of Mars: implications for shallow crustal discontinuities and graben formation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-05T13:20:41","indexId":"70074401","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T14:07:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Topography of closed depressions, scarps, and grabens in the North Tharsis region of Mars: implications for shallow crustal discontinuities and graben formation","docAbstract":"Using Viking Orbiter images, detailed photoclinometric profiles were obtained across 10 irregular depressions, 32 fretted fractures, 49 troughs and pits, 124 solitary scarps, and 370 simple grabens in the north Tharsis region of Mars. These data allow inferences to be made on the shallow crustal structure of this region. The frequency modes of measured scarp heights correspond with previous general thickness estimates of the heavily cratered and ridged plains units. The depths of the flat-floored irregular depressions (55-175 m), fretted fractures (85-890 m), and troughs and pits (60-1620 m) are also similar to scarp heights (thicknesses) of the geologic units in which these depressions occur, which suggests that the depths of these flat-floored features were controlled by erosional base levels created by lithologic contacts. Although the features have a similar age, both their depths and their observed local structural control increase in the order listed above, which suggests that the more advanced stages of associated fracturing facilitated the development of these depressions by increasing permeability. If a ground-ice zone is a factor in development of these features, as has been suggested, our observation that the depths of these features decrease with increasing latitude suggests that either the thickness of the ground-ice zone does not increase poleward or the depths of the depressions were controlled by the top of the ground-ice zone whose depth may decrease with latitude.\n\nDeeper discontinuities are inferred from fault-intersection depths of 370 simple grabens (assuming 60° dipping faults that initiate at a mechanical discontinuity) in Tempe Terra and Alba Patera and from the depths of the large, flat-floored troughs in Tempe Terra. The frequency distributions of these fault-intersection and large trough depths show a concentration at 1.0-1.6 km depth, similar to data obtained for Syria, Sinai, and Lunae Plana. The consistency of these depth data over such a large region of western Mars suggests that a discontinuity or a process that transcends local and regional geology is responsible for the formation of these features. If this discontinuity is represented by the base of the cryosphere, its uniform depth over 55° of latitude suggests that the cryosphere did not thicken poleward. Alternatively, the concentration of depths at 1.0-1.6 km may represent the upper level of noneruptive dike ascent (lateral dike propagation) of Mars, which is controlled by gravity and atmospheric pressure and magma and country-rock characteristics, and was probably controlled, in part, by ground ice.\n\nFault-intersection depths in the north Tharsis region locally extend down to a depth of 5-7 km. The depth data between 2 and 3 km are attributed to the discontinuity at the interface of megaregolith and basement or to the upper limit of noneruptive dike ascent of magma with a high volatile content. Intersection depths greater than 3 km, which were found at Alba Patera, may be due to the megaregolith-basement discontinuity, which was buried and depressed by volcanic loading, or to the upper level of noneruptive dike ascent of magma with a low volatile content.\n\nThe near absence of narrow simple grabens with fault-initiation depths less than 0.6-1.0 km in this study area, as well as in most of western Mars, suggests that this depth represents the minimum depth that normal faults can initiate; at shallower depths tension cracks or joints would form instead. This hypothesis is supported by the application of the Griffith failure criterion to this minimum depth of normal fault initiation, which suggests that shallow crustal materials have a tensile strength of 2-4 MPa throughout most of western Mars, in close agreement with previous estimates of tensile strength of martian basaltic rock.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/icar.1995.1071","usgsCitation":"Davis, P.A., Tanaka, K.L., and Golombek, M., 1995, Topography of closed depressions, scarps, and grabens in the North Tharsis region of Mars: implications for shallow crustal discontinuities and graben formation: Icarus, v. 114, no. 2, p. 403-422, https://doi.org/10.1006/icar.1995.1071.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"403","endPage":"422","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":281670,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281669,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/icar.1995.1071"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"114","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7937e4b0b2908510cadf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Philip A. pdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Philip","email":"pdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":489570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tanaka, Kenneth L. ktanaka@usgs.gov","contributorId":610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanaka","given":"Kenneth","email":"ktanaka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Golombek, Matthew P.","contributorId":93180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golombek","given":"Matthew P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70068875,"text":"70068875 - 1995 - Overview of the influence of syn-sedimentary tectonics and palaeo-fluvial systems on coal seam and sand body characteristics in the Westphalian C strata, Campine Basin, Belgium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-13T14:17:33","indexId":"70068875","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T14:06:34","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Overview of the influence of syn-sedimentary tectonics and palaeo-fluvial systems on coal seam and sand body characteristics in the Westphalian C strata, Campine Basin, Belgium","docAbstract":"The Westphalian C strata found in the northeastern part of the former Belgian coal district (Campine Basin), which is part of an extensive northwest European paralic coal basin, are considered. The thickness and lateral continuity of the Westphalian C coal seams vary considerably stratigraphically and areally. Sedimentological facies analysis of borehole cores indicates that the deposition of Westphalian C coal-bearing strata was controlled by fluvial depositional systems whose architectures were ruled by local subsidence rates. The local subsidence rates may be related to major faults, which were intermittently reactivated during deposition. Lateral changes in coal seam groups are also reflected by marked variations of their seismic signatures. Westphalian C fluvial depositional systems include moderate to low sinuosity braided and anastomosed river systems. Stable tectonic conditions on upthrown, fault-bounded platforms favoured deposition by braided rivers and the associated development of relatively thick, laterally continuous coal seams in raised mires. In contrast, rapidly subsiding downthrown fault blocks favoured aggradation, probably by anastomosed rivers and the development of relatively thin, highly discontinuous coal seams in topogenous mires.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"European coal geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society","publisherLocation":"London","doi":"10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.082.01.15","usgsCitation":"Dreesen, R., Bossiroy, D., Dusar, M., Flores, R.M., and Verkaeren, P., 1995, Overview of the influence of syn-sedimentary tectonics and palaeo-fluvial systems on coal seam and sand body characteristics in the Westphalian C strata, Campine Basin, Belgium, chap. of European coal geology, v. 82, p. 215-232, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.082.01.15.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"215","endPage":"232","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":280906,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280904,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.082.01.15"}],"country":"Belgium","otherGeospatial":"Campine Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 4.1858,50.792 ], [ 4.1858,51.5737 ], [ 5.8612,51.5737 ], [ 5.8612,50.792 ], [ 4.1858,50.792 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"82","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1995-01-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6a58e4b0b290851032e5","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Whateley, M. K. G.","contributorId":111350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whateley","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"K. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509686,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spears, D.A.","contributorId":57224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spears","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509685,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Dreesen, Roland","contributorId":62927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dreesen","given":"Roland","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bossiroy, Dominique","contributorId":63893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bossiroy","given":"Dominique","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dusar, Michiel","contributorId":61340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dusar","given":"Michiel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Flores, R. M.","contributorId":106899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flores","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Verkaeren, Paul","contributorId":20649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verkaeren","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70074400,"text":"70074400 - 1995 - Estimation of rod scale errors in geodetic leveling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-29T14:01:51","indexId":"70074400","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T13:59:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of rod scale errors in geodetic leveling","docAbstract":"Comparisons among repeated geodetic levelings have often been used for detecting and estimating residual rod scale errors in leveled heights. Individual rod-pair scale errors are estimated by a two-step procedure using a model based on either differences in heights, differences in section height differences, or differences in section tilts. It is shown that the estimated rod-pair scale errors derived from each model are identical only when the data are correctly weighted, and the mathematical correlations are accounted for in the model based on heights. Analyses based on simple regressions of changes in height versus height can easily lead to incorrect conclusions. We also show that the statistically estimated scale errors are not a simple function of height, height difference, or tilt. The models are valid only when terrain slope is constant over adjacent pairs of setups (i.e., smoothly varying terrain). In order to discriminate between rod scale errors and vertical displacements due to crustal motion, the individual rod-pairs should be used in more than one leveling, preferably in areas of contrasting tectonic activity. From an analysis of 37 separately calibrated rod-pairs used in 55 levelings in southern California, we found eight statistically significant coefficients that could be reasonably attributed to rod scale errors, only one of which was larger than the expected random error in the applied calibration-based scale correction. However, significant differences with other independent checks indicate that caution should be exercised before accepting these results as evidence of scale error. Further refinements of the technique are clearly needed if the results are to be routinely applied in practice.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/95JB00614","usgsCitation":"Craymer, M.R., Vaníček, P., and Castle, R.O., 1995, Estimation of rod scale errors in geodetic leveling: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 100, no. B8, p. 15129-15145, https://doi.org/10.1029/95JB00614.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"15129","endPage":"15145","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":281668,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281667,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/95JB00614"}],"volume":"100","issue":"B8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5827e4b0b290850f7e9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Craymer, Michael R.","contributorId":37642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Craymer","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vaníček, Petr","contributorId":15110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaníček","given":"Petr","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Castle, Robert O.","contributorId":22741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castle","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70074396,"text":"70074396 - 1995 - Outwash plains and thermokarst on Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-05T12:35:48","indexId":"70074396","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T13:55:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Outwash plains and thermokarst on Mars","docAbstract":"The spatial distribution of different types of rampart craters on Mars suggests a hemispheric asymmetry in the distribution of ground ice. The northern plains, especially major topographic depressions near the terminations of outflow channels, have high percentages of rampart craters. Two of these basins, Acidalia and Utopia Planitiae, received extraordinarily large amounts of water and sediment from the Chryse and Elysium outflow channels. In both regions, the analysis of high-resolution Viking pictures (12 m/pixel) indicates a concentration of kilometer-scale depressions that are similar in size and form to thermokarstic features in Yakutia (Siberia) and parts of the arctic coastal plain of North America. Accordingly, we infer that (1) Utopia Planitia and Acidalia Planitia may contain thick, laterally continuous, ice-rich sedimentary deposits related to outflow channel-forming floods, and (2) these areas of Mars may have experienced thermokarstic processes similar to modern thermokarstic processes in some periglacial regions of Earth.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/icar.1995.1046","usgsCitation":"Costard, F., and Kargel, J., 1995, Outwash plains and thermokarst on Mars: Icarus, v. 114, no. 1, p. 93-112, https://doi.org/10.1006/icar.1995.1046.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"112","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":281666,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281665,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/icar.1995.1046"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"114","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6a47e4b0b29085103271","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Costard, F.M.","contributorId":31303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costard","given":"F.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kargel, J.S.","contributorId":88096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kargel","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70244786,"text":"70244786 - 1995 - Plutonism at the interior margin of the Jurassic magmatic arc, Mojave Desert, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-14T19:01:38.988523","indexId":"70244786","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T13:54:01","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5614,"text":"Special Papers of the Geological Society of America","printIssn":"0072-1077","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"title":"Plutonism at the interior margin of the Jurassic magmatic arc, Mojave Desert, California","docAbstract":"The inland edge of the Jurassic magmatic belt passes through the eastern Mojave Desert, where it was emplaced in ancient continental crust. Three intrusive units exposed there—the Ship and Clipper Mountains plutons and a dike swarm in the Old Woman and Piute Mountains and Kilbeck Hills—are broadly similar to each other and to other intrusions of Jurassic age, but they differ from one another in detail and all show very clear evidence for interaction with the ancient crust.
All three intrusive units are primarily metaluminous and range from mafic to moderately felsic in composition. The Ship Mountains pluton and dikes included both mafic and felsic magmas that mingled locally. The Clipper Mountains pluton comprises a compositional continuum from hornblende gabbro through granodiorite, at least partly a result of crystal accumulation processes. The ca. 160-Ma Clipper Mountains pluton was emplaced syntectonically with thrusting at a depth of approximately 15 km. The ca. 145-Ma dike swarm intruded at approximately 12 km, and the Ship Mountains pluton at <5 km. The Ship Mountains pluton, which is not well dated, initially overlay the dike swarm prior to Late Cretaceous and Tertiary extension and may have a similar age.
The intrusions are all enriched in incompatible elements and have isotopic compositions that are more evolved than any plausible mantle source (high 87Sr/86Sr, low εNd, high 207Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb compared with 206Pb/204Pb). Ship Mountains and most dike samples are less evolved in Nd and Sr than the Mojave crust, but the Clipper Mountains Nd-Sr array is coincident with the less evolved portion of the field of ancient Mojave crust. Extremely strong U-Pb inheritance in Clipper zircons and moderate inheritance in dike zircons verifies the crustal component. We interpret Ship and dike rocks to be hybrids of ancient enriched mantle-derived mafic magmas and the ancient crust; the Clipper Mountains pluton could represent a restite-rich magma entirely derived from the Mojave crust, although a modest mantle contribution is likely.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Jurassic magmatism and tectonics of the North American cordillera","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/SPE299-p351","usgsCitation":"Gerber, M.E., Miller, C., and Wooden, J., 1995, Plutonism at the interior margin of the Jurassic magmatic arc, Mojave Desert, California, chap. of Jurassic magmatism and tectonics of the North American cordillera: Special Papers of the Geological Society of America, v. 299, p. 351-374, https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE299-p351.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"351","endPage":"374","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":418105,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.85693727635507,\n 34.79500202293755\n ],\n [\n -118.41358859721142,\n 34.667196658172216\n ],\n [\n -118.01287289116914,\n 34.40019901226566\n ],\n [\n -117.40001357604609,\n 34.26881448561994\n ],\n [\n -116.7400112366823,\n 34.30776468504658\n ],\n [\n -116.49840323745104,\n 34.08355471130774\n ],\n [\n -115.95174840754942,\n 34.07455654422954\n ],\n [\n -115.41549650681648,\n 33.815462345773426\n ],\n [\n -114.47852890004164,\n 33.72353178191754\n ],\n [\n -114.50210041216164,\n 33.80191611974428\n ],\n [\n -114.49620753413154,\n 33.86555058336212\n ],\n [\n -114.49620753413154,\n 33.92424802332518\n ],\n [\n -114.42549299777117,\n 34.026871269488495\n ],\n [\n -114.40192148565114,\n 34.090337838075655\n ],\n [\n -114.24870665687021,\n 34.16350941179081\n ],\n [\n -114.13084909626946,\n 34.27558273541166\n ],\n [\n -114.13084909626946,\n 34.319396911101165\n ],\n [\n -114.22513514475021,\n 34.37778024951248\n ],\n [\n -114.32531407126068,\n 34.45556142688173\n ],\n [\n -114.37245709550106,\n 34.47985320426939\n ],\n [\n -114.37245709550106,\n 34.52841554394702\n ],\n [\n -114.42549299777117,\n 34.60605641139482\n ],\n [\n -114.44906450989117,\n 34.71269416385692\n ],\n [\n -114.54924343640201,\n 34.77080234566432\n ],\n [\n -114.57870782655212,\n 34.838543547460205\n ],\n [\n -114.61995797276239,\n 34.87722780116373\n ],\n [\n -114.62585085079212,\n 35.00765276385205\n ],\n [\n -116.44085728404198,\n 36.40958426128131\n ],\n [\n -117.34836050066673,\n 36.84467226715094\n ],\n [\n -117.41907503702711,\n 36.466474083053185\n ],\n [\n -117.76675484079928,\n 36.466474083053185\n ],\n [\n -117.99068420594024,\n 36.66525977802792\n ],\n [\n -118.1262204006309,\n 36.480690021325344\n ],\n [\n -118.1262204006309,\n 36.21965056702555\n ],\n [\n -117.90818391352005,\n 35.647079823784495\n ],\n [\n -118.10854176654101,\n 35.53206879729291\n ],\n [\n -118.41497142410253,\n 35.05108163187495\n ],\n [\n -118.85693727635507,\n 34.79500202293755\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"299","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Miller, David M. 0000-0003-3711-0441 dmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-0441","contributorId":140769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"David M.","email":"dmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":875418,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Busby, Cathy","contributorId":113649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busby","given":"Cathy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875419,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Gerber, Miquette E.","contributorId":308717,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gerber","given":"Miquette","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Calvin F.","contributorId":18437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Calvin F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wooden, Joseph L.","contributorId":32209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"Joseph L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70148559,"text":"70148559 - 1995 - Decline of northern pintails","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70148559,"text":"70148559 - 1995 - Decline of northern pintails","indexId":"70148559","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Decline of northern pintails"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-18T15:28:27","indexId":"70148559","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T13:45:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Decline of northern pintails","docAbstract":"The size of the continental breeding population of northern pintail (Anas acuta) has greatly varied since 1955, with numbers in surveyed areas ranging from a high of 9.9 million to a low of 1.8 million in 1991. This variation results primarily from differences in the numbers of breeding pintails in the prairie region of Canada and the United States; these numbers ranged from 8.6 million in 1956 to 0.5 million in 1991; numbers in the northern regions from Alaska to northern Alberta and northern Manitoba varied primarily between 1 and 2 million.
\nBreeding pintails prefer seasonal shallow-water habitats without tall emergent aquatic vegetation (Smith 1968). The proportions and distribution of breeding pintails on the prairies vary annually depending on the amount of annual precipitation and the resulting increase or decrease in the availability of suitable breeding habitat (Smith 1970; Johnson and Grier 1988).
\nChanges in the size of the continental pintail population result from changes in production, survival, or both. Consequently, understanding population changes involves detecting variation in survival and production over time and relating that variation to changes in population size. Once the cause of the decline is determined, appropriate management strategies can be developed to reverse it.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":11,"text":"Bibliography"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Biological Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Hestback, J.B., 1995, Decline of northern pintails, chap. of Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems, p. 38-39.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"38","endPage":"39","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":301197,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339878,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.webharvest.gov/peth04/20041019015728/https://biology.usgs.gov/s+t/index.htm","linkHelpText":"Archived website"}],"otherGeospatial":"North America","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"557c02c6e4b023124e8edf0d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"LaRoe, Edward T.","contributorId":112276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaRoe","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691792,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farris, Gaye S.","contributorId":84410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farris","given":"Gaye","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":691793,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Puckett, Catherine E. cpuckett@usgs.gov","contributorId":4629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckett","given":"Catherine","email":"cpuckett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":691794,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doran, Peter D.","contributorId":17533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691795,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mac, Michael J.","contributorId":16772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mac","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691796,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Hestback, Jay B.","contributorId":141166,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hestback","given":"Jay","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70244286,"text":"70244286 - 1995 - Declining growth of Mauna Loa during the last 100,000 years: Rates of lava accumulation vs. gravitational subsidence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-12T18:58:31.986678","indexId":"70244286","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T13:44:47","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":12608,"text":"Geophysical Monograph Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"title":"Declining growth of Mauna Loa during the last 100,000 years: Rates of lava accumulation vs. gravitational subsidence","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mauna Loa revealed: Structure, composition, history, and hazards","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/GM092p0045","usgsCitation":"Lipman, P.W., 1995, Declining growth of Mauna Loa during the last 100,000 years: Rates of lava accumulation vs. gravitational subsidence, chap. of Mauna Loa revealed: Structure, composition, history, and hazards: Geophysical Monograph Series, v. 92, p. 45-80, https://doi.org/10.1029/GM092p0045.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"80","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":418022,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Mauna Loa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.04515275497533,\n 19.749142488511765\n ],\n [\n -155.1757970396438,\n 19.71512867344576\n ],\n [\n -155.3286786493623,\n 19.736061109120953\n ],\n [\n -155.473221262187,\n 19.725595234038366\n ],\n [\n -155.62888253753675,\n 19.798841946873893\n ],\n [\n -155.72061150336776,\n 19.856369303215928\n ],\n [\n -155.83457779424876,\n 19.976586336815856\n ],\n [\n -155.87349311308625,\n 19.966136312219888\n ],\n [\n -155.9040694350299,\n 19.921715985852728\n ],\n [\n -155.93186609134247,\n 19.87466909167378\n ],\n [\n -155.92352709444867,\n 19.85114040442288\n ],\n [\n -155.85125578803624,\n 19.830223086743118\n ],\n [\n -155.7678658190989,\n 19.75960682008447\n ],\n [\n -155.7261708346303,\n 19.668020675757504\n ],\n [\n -155.7623064878365,\n 19.589476587468468\n ],\n [\n -155.96244241328614,\n 19.52661370812386\n ],\n [\n -155.96244241328614,\n 19.484691523664566\n ],\n [\n -155.89851010376753,\n 19.348369553919383\n ],\n [\n -155.9179677631861,\n 19.20143382149756\n ],\n [\n -155.93186609134247,\n 19.11741151782894\n ],\n [\n -155.91240843192372,\n 19.064875868616113\n ],\n [\n -155.88739144124244,\n 19.014951576502355\n ],\n [\n -155.8178998004613,\n 18.999182893504155\n ],\n [\n -155.78176414725525,\n 18.970269760862678\n ],\n [\n -155.7261708346303,\n 18.954496846523085\n ],\n [\n -155.69559451268663,\n 18.925575964177725\n ],\n [\n -155.6900351814241,\n 18.896650075590543\n ],\n [\n -155.62054354064293,\n 18.922946544714122\n ],\n [\n -155.58440788743673,\n 18.970269760862678\n ],\n [\n -155.57050955928054,\n 18.99655463435549\n ],\n [\n -155.5315942404432,\n 19.049111924763096\n ],\n [\n -155.5315942404432,\n 19.075384331936263\n ],\n [\n -155.495458587237,\n 19.120037862452506\n ],\n [\n -155.45376360276825,\n 19.120037862452506\n ],\n [\n -155.40094995577456,\n 19.16993047525135\n ],\n [\n -155.34535664314978,\n 19.198808772894267\n ],\n [\n -155.3648143025685,\n 19.314271224521292\n ],\n [\n -155.26196667421243,\n 19.429652185310644\n ],\n [\n -155.097966401969,\n 19.55542890259136\n ],\n [\n -154.97010178293164,\n 19.65231493123507\n ],\n [\n -154.9701017577519,\n 19.694193513003043\n ],\n [\n -154.9951187484332,\n 19.749142504560297\n ],\n [\n -155.04515275497533,\n 19.749142488511765\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"92","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rhodes, J.M.","contributorId":220573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rhodes","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36396,"text":"University of Massachusetts","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":875188,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lockwood, J. P.","contributorId":104473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockwood","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875189,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Lipman, Peter W. 0000-0001-9175-6118 plipman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9175-6118","contributorId":3486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipman","given":"Peter","email":"plipman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":875187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70226703,"text":"70226703 - 1995 - Paleoecology of the Springfield Coal Member (Desmoinesian, Illinois Basin) near the Leslie Cemetery paleochannel, southwestern Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-06T19:56:31.876429","indexId":"70226703","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T13:44:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleoecology of the Springfield Coal Member (Desmoinesian, Illinois Basin) near the Leslie Cemetery paleochannel, southwestern Indiana","docAbstract":"The Springfield Coal Member (Carbondale Group, Petersburg Formation of Indiana) is split locally in Warrick and Gibson Counties, Indiana, by clastic rocks of the Folsomville Member (Carbondale Group, Petersburg Formation) that represent the Leslie Cemetery paleochannel, part of a large, interconnected paleochannel system in the Springfield coal bed. This study incorporated analysis of miospore and megaspore assemblages, coal petrography, plant compression fossils and conodonts from the coal and clastic split to document changes in the swamp and its vegetation in response to the activity of the Leslie Cemetery paleochannel. Palynological and petrographic data indicate that environmental conditions and vegetation in the lower bench of coal near the Leslie Cemetery paleochannel were similar to those found in profiles through the coal bed at sites near the larger, more extensive Galatia paleochannel. Miospore floras of the high-vitrinite, lower bench of coal were dominated by tree-fern miospores, with those of lycopsids ranking second in abundance; megaspore assemblages were dominated by lycopsid megaspores. Near the contacy between the lower bench of coal and clastic split, medullosan prepollen increases in abundance and fusain bands are more common, which may indicate the occurrence of fire, either within or outside the swamp. Vegetation in the Folsomville Member and upper bench of coal differ markedly from that of the lower bench of coal. Plant megafossils from the Folsomville Member indicate dominance by pteridosperms and/or lycopsids and Folsomville Member miospore assemblages are dominated by lycopsid miospores most typically found in mudstones, including Lycospora torquifer and higher than normal abundances of Granasporites medius. In the transition from clastic rocks of the Folsomville Member to the upper bench of coal, miospores of ‘ecotonal’ lycopsids (Paralycopodites) reach their peak abundance, pteridosperms dominate megafossil assemblages and inertinite levels are relatively high. At higher levels of the upper bench of coal, vitrinite levels are higher and miospore assemblages are dominated by lycopsid miospores typical of coal swamps (Lycospora granulata, L. pusilla). The presence of conodonts in coalballs in the upper bench of coal and spirorbid worms in the split indicate that the paleoswamp may have received some marine or brackish water influence. Higher than normal salinity levels may explain the vegetational changes observed in the upper bench of coal near the Leslie Cemetery paleochannel.
Pine Island Glacier is one of the major ice streams draining West Antarctica. We calculated average velocities for both its grounded and floating parts by tracking crevasses and other patterns moving with the ice on two sequential images acquired in February and December 1992 by ERS-1 SAR (European Remote-Sensing Satellite, Synthetic Aperture Radar). Velocities in the fast-moving central parts of the glacier range from about 1.3 km a−1 on the grounded part to about 2.6 km a−1on the floating part. Velocity increases rapidly just below the grounding line. For the floating part, velocities are approximately 0.3 km a−1 faster than previously established from Landsat images by other workers. This observation suggests that the discharge is larger and, therefore, the mass balance less positive than previously thought; however, our study also shows that current information is insufficient to allow for precise mass-balance calculations. Images of the glacier front show that a calving event released an iceberg about 5 km wide between February and December 1992. The position of the glacier front has not changed substantially between 1973 (Landsat image) and 1992 (ERS-1 images).
","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.3189/S0260305500015949","usgsCitation":"Lucchitta, B.K., Rosanova, C.E., and Mullins, K., 1995, Velocities and mass balance of Pine Island Glacier, West Antarctica, derived from ERS-1 SAR images: Annals of Glaciology, v. 21, p. 277-283, https://doi.org/10.3189/S0260305500015949.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"277","endPage":"283","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479234,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500015949","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":359075,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Antarctica","otherGeospatial":"Pine Island Glacier","volume":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c110fa1e4b034bf6a811718","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucchitta, Baerbel K. blucchitta@usgs.gov","contributorId":3649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucchitta","given":"Baerbel","email":"blucchitta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":750551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosanova, Christina E.","contributorId":71497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosanova","given":"Christina","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mullins, K.F.","contributorId":10741,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mullins","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}