Coastal wetlands have a long history of degradation and destruction due to human development. Now recognized as one of the most productive ecosystems in the world, substantial efforts are being made to restore this critical habitat. While wetland restoration efforts are generally viewed as beneficial in terms of providing wildlife habitat and flood control, they are often accompanied by dramatic physical and chemical changes that may result in unintended consequences, which are rarely studied. Alviso Slough, a tidal slough in South San Francisco Bay, California, is the site of an ongoing effort to restore former salt-production ponds to intertidal marsh habitat. Restoration is complicated by the fact that (1) the ponds undergoing restoration are severely subsided and (2) subsurface sediments within the slough and surrounding ponds are contaminated with legacy mercury deposits. Due to concerns regarding mercury remobilization, restoration has proceeded in a cautious, methodical manner. To assess the amount of legacy mercury remobilized since restoration began, we developed a technique of combining high-resolution, biannual measurements of bathymetric scour with mercury concentration measurements from sediment cores. We estimate that 52 kg (±3) of mercury was remobilized in the 6 years since restoration began. Net bathymetric change analyses revealed seasonal trends of peak erosion during the winter months and little to no net change during summer months. Our analyses provide crucial insight on the spatial and temporal scales of geomorphic evolution within a tidal slough resulting from both natural (seasonal) variability and restoration actions. The technique presented here could be applied to other study sites and various sediment-associated contaminants of concern to aid in the design and management of restoration projects aiming to minimize negative impacts from legacy contaminants.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2019.02.033","usgsCitation":"Foxgrover, A.C., Marvin-DiPasquale, M.C., Jaffe, B.E., and Fregoso, T.A., 2019, Slough evolution and legacy mercury remobilization induced by wetland restoration in South San Francisco Bay: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 220, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2019.02.033.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","ipdsId":"IP-096812","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467881,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2019.02.033","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":361438,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"South San Francisco Bay","volume":"220","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foxgrover, Amy C. 0000-0003-0638-5776 afoxgrover@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0638-5776","contributorId":3261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foxgrover","given":"Amy","email":"afoxgrover@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark C. 0000-0002-8186-9167 mmarvin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8186-9167","contributorId":1485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin-DiPasquale","given":"Mark","email":"mmarvin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jaffe, Bruce E. 0000-0002-8816-5920 bjaffe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8816-5920","contributorId":2049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Bruce","email":"bjaffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fregoso, Theresa A. 0000-0001-7802-5812 tfregoso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7802-5812","contributorId":2571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fregoso","given":"Theresa","email":"tfregoso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70202282,"text":"70202282 - 2019 - Dynamic N-mixture models with temporal variability in detection probability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-20T10:44:50","indexId":"70202282","displayToPublicDate":"2019-02-20T10:44:45","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamic N-mixture models with temporal variability in detection probability","docAbstract":"In theory parameters of dynamic N-mixture models can be estimated with multiple years of data without the robust design under the assumption of constant detection probability. However, such an assumption can rarely be met in long-term studies, and the consequences of violating this assumption in the inferences of dynamic N-mixture models have not been assessed. In this study we used simulation studies to evaluate inferences of the original dynamic N-mixture model and two of its spatial extensions in the face of temporal variability in detection probability. We first evaluated the dynamic N-mixture models when detection probability that varied temporally was wrongly treated as a constant. We then evaluated if the robust design was necessary for dynamic N-mixture models to provide valid parameter estimates when detection probability was correctly assumed to vary temporally. Our results showed that, when detection probability that varied temporally was wrongly treated as a constant, biases were introduced in the parameter estimates of dynamic N-mixture models. When detection probability was correctly assumed to vary temporally, the models could provide valid parameter estimates with the robust design. The model could also provide valid parameter estimates when detection probability was a random effect, even without the robust design. Based on our results, we strongly recommended considering temporal variability in detection probability when using dynamic N-mixture models to analyze long-term data and adopting the robust design in long-term surveys. Our work here is not only useful for data analysis but also important for research design, and thus are relevant to a wide range of studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2018.12.007","usgsCitation":"Zhao, Q., and Royle, J.A., 2019, Dynamic N-mixture models with temporal variability in detection probability: Ecological Modelling, v. 393, p. 20-24, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2018.12.007.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"20","endPage":"24","ipdsId":"IP-103124","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361376,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"393","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhao, Qing","contributorId":213406,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhao","given":"Qing","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34045,"text":"Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":757623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167 aroyle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":139626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J.","email":"aroyle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70202196,"text":"70202196 - 2019 - Factors affecting the occurrence of lead and manganese in untreated drinking water from Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain aquifers, eastern United States—Dissolved oxygen and pH framework for evaluating risk of elevated concentrations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-14T10:19:07","indexId":"70202196","displayToPublicDate":"2019-02-14T10:19:04","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors affecting the occurrence of lead and manganese in untreated drinking water from Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain aquifers, eastern United States—Dissolved oxygen and pH framework for evaluating risk of elevated concentrations","docAbstract":"Groundwater samples collected during 2012 and 2013 from public-supply wells screened in the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain aquifers of the eastern and southeastern U.S. rarely contained lead or manganese concentrations that exceeded drinking-water limits, despite having corrosive characteristics. Data indicate that the occurrence of dissolved lead and manganese in sampled groundwater, prior to its distribution or treatment, was related to several explanatory factors including the presence of source minerals, hydrologic position along the flow path, water-rock interactions, and associated geochemical conditions such as pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations. Elevated concentrations of lead compared to health-based benchmarks were associated with groundwater that is acidic (pH ≤ 6.5), oxygenated (DO ≥ 2 mg/L), and closer to recharge zones (relatively young water). Elevated concentrations of manganese were associated with groundwater that is acidic to neutral (pH ≤ 7.5), has low DO (<2 mg/L), and further from recharge zones (relatively old). Under these geochemical conditions, minerals that could sequester lead or manganese tended to be undersaturated, and adsorption by hydrous ferric oxide was limited. Under neutral to alkaline pH conditions, precipitation of impure calcium carbonate or phosphate compounds containing traces of lead or manganese (solid solutions) could maintain low concentrations of the trace elements. Additionally, adsorption of lead or manganese cations by hydrous ferric oxides (HFO) could be another attenuating factor where conditions are oxidizing and dissolved inorganic carbon concentrations are relatively low. A DO/pH framework was developed as a screening tool for evaluating risk of elevated lead or manganese, based on the occurrence of elevated lead and manganese concentrations and the corresponding distributions of DO and pH in the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain aquifers. Validation of the DO/pH framework was accomplished using an independent national dataset that showed consistent results for elevated lead (pH ≤ 6.5; DO ≥ 2 mg/L) and manganese (pH ≤ 7.5; DO < 2 mg/L).
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2018.10.017","usgsCitation":"Brown, C., Barlow, J.R., Cravotta, C., and Lindsey, B.D., 2019, Factors affecting the occurrence of lead and manganese in untreated drinking water from Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain aquifers, eastern United States—Dissolved oxygen and pH framework for evaluating risk of elevated concentrations: Applied Geochemistry, v. 101, p. 88-102, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2018.10.017.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"88","endPage":"102","ipdsId":"IP-086334","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437574,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7MK6BCD","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Inventory of well-construction data, water-quality and quality control data, statistical data, and geochemical modeling data for wells in Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain aquifers, eastern United States, 2012 and 2013"},{"id":361243,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain aquifers","volume":"101","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Craig J. 0000-0002-3858-3964","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3858-3964","contributorId":210450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Craig J.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barlow, Jeannie R. B. 0000-0002-0799-4656 jbarlow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0799-4656","contributorId":3701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"Jeannie","email":"jbarlow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R. B.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":394,"text":"Mississippi Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cravotta, Charles A. III 0000-0003-3116-4684","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3116-4684","contributorId":207249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cravotta","given":"Charles A.","suffix":"III","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lindsey, Bruce D. 0000-0002-7180-4319 blindsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7180-4319","contributorId":175346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsey","given":"Bruce","email":"blindsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70202837,"text":"70202837 - 2019 - Adaptive management assists reintroduction as higher tides threaten an endangered salt marsh plant","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-29T11:32:52","indexId":"70202837","displayToPublicDate":"2019-02-11T14:54:57","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Adaptive management assists reintroduction as higher tides threaten an endangered salt marsh plant","docAbstract":"In theory, extirpated plant species can be reintroduced and managed to restore sustainable populations. However, few reintroduced plants are known to persist for more than a few years. Our adaptive‐management case study illustrates how we restored the endangered hemiparasitic annual plant, Chloropyron maritimum subsp. maritimum (salt marsh bird's beak), to Sweetwater Marsh, San Diego Bay National Wildlife Refuge, California, United States, and used monitoring and experimentation to identify the factors limiting the reintroduced population. After extirpation in 1988, reintroduction starting that year led to a resilient, genetically diverse population in 2016 (a “boom” of approximately 14,000) that rebounded from a “bust” (62 in 2014). Multiple regressions attributed 82% of the variation in population counts to tidal amplitude, rainfall, and temperature. Populations of salt marsh bird's beak crashed when the diurnal tide range peaked during the 18.6‐year lunar nodal cycle (a rarely considered factor that periodically added approximately 12 cm to tidal ranges). We explain booms as follows: During smaller tidal amplitudes, above‐average rainfall could desalinize upper intertidal soils and stimulate salt marsh bird's beak germination. Then, moderate temperature in May favors growth to reproduction in June. In addition, salt marsh bird's beak needs a short and open canopy of native perennial plants, with roots to parasitize (not non‐native annual grass pseudohosts) and nearby upland soil for a preferred pollinator, ground‐burrowing bees. Although our reintroduced salt marsh bird's beak population is an exceptional case of persistence, this rare species‐specific environmental and biological requirement makes it vulnerable to rising sea levels and global warming.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/rec.12934","usgsCitation":"Noe, G.E., Fellows, M., Parsons, L., West, J., Callaway, J.C., Trnka, S., Wegener, M., and Zedler, J., 2019, Adaptive management assists reintroduction as higher tides threaten an endangered salt marsh plant: Restoration Ecology, v. 27, no. 4, p. 750-757, https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.12934.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"750","endPage":"757","ipdsId":"IP-101060","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467914,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.12934","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":362511,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Diego County ","otherGeospatial":" San Diego Bay National Wildlife Refuge ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.11820602416992,\n 32.63474905974431\n ],\n [\n -117.09846496582031,\n 32.63474905974431\n ],\n [\n -117.09846496582031,\n 32.6473249323176\n ],\n [\n -117.11820602416992,\n 32.6473249323176\n ],\n [\n -117.11820602416992,\n 32.63474905974431\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-03-25","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Noe, Gregory E. 0000-0002-6661-2646 gnoe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6661-2646","contributorId":139100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noe","given":"Gregory","email":"gnoe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - 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2019 - Enhancement of primary production during drought in a temperate watershed is greater in larger rivers than headwater streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-23T14:50:20.238443","indexId":"70214105","displayToPublicDate":"2019-02-05T09:38:44","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7120,"text":"Limnology & Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Enhancement of primary production during drought in a temperate watershed is greater in larger rivers than headwater streams","docAbstract":"Drought is common in rivers, yet how this disturbance regulates metabolic activity across network scales is largely unknown. Drought often lowers gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER) in small headwaters but by contrast can enhance GPP and cause algal blooms in downstream estuaries. We estimated ecosystem metabolism across a nested network of 13 reaches from headwaters to the main stem of the Connecticut River from 2015 through 2017, which encompassed a pronounced drought. During drought, GPP and ER increased, but with greater enhancement in larger rivers. Responses of GPP and ER were partially due to warmer temperatures associated with drought, particularly in the larger rivers where temperatures during summer drought were > 10°C higher than typical summer baseflow. The larger rivers also had low canopy cover, which allowed primary producers to take advantage of lower turbidity and fewer cloudy days during drought. We conclude that GPP is enhanced by higher temperature, lower turbidity, and longer water residence times that are all a function of low discharge, but ecosystem response in temperate watersheds to these drivers depends on light availability regulated by riparian canopy cover. In larger rivers, GPP increased more than ER during drought, even leading to temporary autotrophy, an otherwise rare event in the typically light‐limited heterotrophic Connecticut River main stem. With climate change, rivers and streams may become warmer and drought frequency and severity may increase. Such changes may increase autotrophy in rivers with broad implications for carbon cycling and water quality in aquatic ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography","doi":"10.1002/lno.11127","usgsCitation":"Hosen, J.D., Aho, K.S., Appling, A.P., Creech, E., Fair, J., Hall, R.O., Kyzivat, E., Lowenthal, R., Matt, S., Morrison, J., Saiers, J.E., Shanley, J.B., Weber, L., Yoon, B., and Raymond, P.A., 2019, Enhancement of primary production during drought in a temperate watershed is greater in larger rivers than headwater streams: Limnology & Oceanography, v. 64, no. 4, p. 1458-1472, https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11127.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1458","endPage":"1472","ipdsId":"IP-100512","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467931,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11127","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":378692,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Vermont","otherGeospatial":"Connecticut River watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.2076416015625,\n 41.306697618181865\n ],\n [\n -72.3779296875,\n 41.693424216151314\n ],\n [\n -72.0208740234375,\n 42.13896840458089\n ],\n [\n -71.982421875,\n 43.34116005412307\n ],\n [\n -71.6033935546875,\n 44.25700308645885\n ],\n [\n -71.2298583984375,\n 44.645208223744035\n ],\n [\n -71.3397216796875,\n 45.023067895446175\n ],\n [\n -71.7681884765625,\n 45.00365115687186\n ],\n [\n -72.17468261718749,\n 44.54742015866826\n ],\n [\n -72.5811767578125,\n 44.15462243076731\n ],\n [\n -72.7679443359375,\n 43.313188139196406\n ],\n 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Jennifer H","contributorId":241077,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fair","given":"Jennifer H","affiliations":[{"id":48197,"text":"Yale","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hall, Robert O","contributorId":198078,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hall","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"O","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kyzivat, Ethan","contributorId":241078,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kyzivat","given":"Ethan","affiliations":[{"id":48197,"text":"Yale","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lowenthal, Rachel","contributorId":241079,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lowenthal","given":"Rachel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48197,"text":"Yale","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Matt, Serena","contributorId":194108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matt","given":"Serena","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Morrison, Jonathan 0000-0002-1756-4609","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1756-4609","contributorId":241080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"Jonathan","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Saiers, James E.","contributorId":191842,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Saiers","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Shanley, James B. 0000-0002-4234-3437 jshanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4234-3437","contributorId":1953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"James","email":"jshanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Weber, 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transfers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-17T14:55:18.445952","indexId":"70205060","displayToPublicDate":"2019-02-01T09:26:03","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Financing agricultural drought risk through ex-ante cash transfers","docAbstract":"Despite advances in drought early warning systems, forecast information is rarely used for triggering and financing early actions, such as cash transfer. Scaling up cash transfer pay-outs , and overcoming the barriers to actions based on forecasts, requires an understanding of costs resulting from False Alarms, and the potential benefits associated with appropriate early interventions. On this study, we evaluate the potential cost-effectiveness of cash transfer responses, comparing the relative costs of ex-ante cash transfers during the maize growing season to ex-post cash transfers after harvesting in Kenya. For that, we developed a forecast model using Fast-and Frugal Trees that unravels early warning relationships between climate variability, vegetation coverage, and maize yields at multiple lead times. Results indicate that our models correctly forecast low maize yield events 85% of the time across the districts studied, some already six months before harvesting. The models’ performance improves towards the end of the growing season driven by a decrease of 39% in the probability of False Alarms. Overall, we show that timely cash transfers ex-ante to a disaster can often be more cost-effective than investing in ex-post expenditures. Our findings suggest that early response can yield significant cost savings, and can potentially increase the effectiveness of existing cash transfer systems.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.406","usgsCitation":"Nobre, G.G., Davenport, F., Bischiniotis, K., Veldcamp, T., Jongman, B., Funk, C., Husak, G., Ward, P.J., and Aerts, J.C., 2019, Financing agricultural drought risk through ex-ante cash transfers: Science of the Total Environment, v. 653, p. 523-535, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.406.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"523","endPage":"535","ipdsId":"IP-099846","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467946,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.406","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":367065,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Kenya","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[40.993,-0.85829],[41.58513,-1.68325],[40.88477,-2.08255],[40.63785,-2.49979],[40.26304,-2.57309],[40.12119,-3.27768],[39.80006,-3.68116],[39.60489,-4.34653],[39.20222,-4.67677],[37.7669,-3.67712],[37.69869,-3.09699],[34.07262,-1.05982],[33.90371,-0.95],[33.89357,0.10981],[34.18,0.515],[34.6721,1.17694],[35.03599,1.90584],[34.59607,3.05374],[34.47913,3.5556],[34.005,4.24988],[34.6202,4.84712],[35.29801,5.506],[35.81745,5.33823],[35.81745,4.77697],[36.15908,4.44786],[36.85509,4.44786],[38.12091,3.59861],[38.43697,3.58851],[38.67114,3.61607],[38.89251,3.50074],[39.55938,3.42206],[39.85494,3.83879],[40.76848,4.25702],[41.1718,3.91909],[41.85508,3.91891],[40.98105,2.78452],[40.993,-0.85829]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Kenya\"}}]}","volume":"653","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla 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cfunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-6718","contributorId":167070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funk","given":"Chris","email":"cfunk@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":769800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Husak, Gregory","contributorId":145811,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Husak","given":"Gregory","affiliations":[{"id":16236,"text":"UCSB Climate Hazards Group","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":769807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ward, Philip 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Trains carrying coal and crude oil regularly pass through Puget Sound, Washington, and an increase in the number of coal and oil trains is expected in the future. This study characterized levels of potentially toxic contaminants in sediment in September 2015: arsenic, metals, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at four sites with fine-grained sediment (Chuckanut Bay, Padilla Bay, Snohomish River Delta, Nisqually River Delta) adjacent to the Burlington Northern Santa Fe (BNSF) rail line in the Puget Sound region. Arsenic (As) and metals levels were compared to those measured at a fifth site, urban Saltwater State Park, which was expected to show contaminants associated with urbanization but not rail transport of coal and oil because it is not adjacent to the BNSF rail line. Knowledge about current properties of soil and sediment is essential for quantifying impacts of spills and other releases, and for setting remediation or restoration targets. For the sampling effort and timing of this study, all five sites had fine sediment contents of cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) below minimal effects levels. Pb and Zn appeared to be urban sourced. Median As, chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), and nickel (Ni) levels were in the range where adverse biological effects would possibly occur; however, Cr and Ni were geologically sourced and unlikely to be bioavailable to organisms. As, Cu, and antimony (Sb) levels were highly correlated, an association that is characteristic of legacy smelting operations; however, total sediment contents of these three elements, along with Hg and As/Sb ratios, were near natural levels and could indicate river-borne inputs. Median total PAH concentrations were highest at Snohomish River Delta, but were below minimal effects levels at all sites. Diagnostic PAH ratios were indicative of PAHs sourced from petroleum combustion and coal/biomass burning, rather than from spilled petroleum or coal. Rare earth element patterns were distinct among watersheds with Cascade volcanoes, granitic rocks, or non-volcanic sediments, making them promising sediment provenance indicators. Knowledge about sediment sources and contaminant distributions could provide unique insights about sediment-bound contaminant sourcing, delivery, and dispersal in nearshore regions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181196","usgsCitation":"Takesue, R.K., and Campbell, P.L., 2019, Contaminant baselines and sediment provenance along the Puget Sound Energy Transport Corridor, 2015: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1196, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181196.","productDescription":"iv, 10 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-101826","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437594,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9JCJ4EQ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Inorganic compositional data for fine-grained Puget Sound sediment along the Burlington Northern Santa Fe rail line, September 2015"},{"id":360807,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1196/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":360808,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1196/ofr20181196.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018-1196"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Puget Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.5,\n 47\n ],\n [\n -121.5,\n 47\n ],\n [\n -121.5,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -123.5,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -123.5,\n 47\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Contact Information
Pacific Coastal & Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Pacific Science Center
2885 Mission St.
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
The evolutionary consequences of natural introgression provide a rare opportunity to retrospectively evaluate how the introduction of exotics or genetic rescue efforts may impact endemic faunas. Phylogeographic structure among mainland, endemic insular, and introduced North American marten (Martes americana and M. caurina) populations have been shaped by a complex history of natural, post-glacial population expansion followed by a series of anthropogenic introductions. In some cases, both natural colonization and translocations facilitated secondary contact, offering a series of replicated experiments that demonstrate how introgression, in these cases following isolation (insular and refugial), shapes genetic diversity. We test whether genetic exchange is occurring between North American marten species using mitochondrial genomes and ten nuclear loci. We present evidence of biased nuclear introgression from M. caurina into M. americana across two natural hybrid zones (insular and mainland) and found no remnant evidence of M. caurina on islands that received M. americana translocations, suggesting prior absence, potential extirpation, or genetic swamping of M. caurina from these islands. Our results highlight the importance of understanding phylogeographic variation prior to identifying source populations for wildlife translocations and caution the use of genetic rescue for North American marten populations. Although previously managed as a single species, these two species show substantial genetic divergence. When the two are placed into contact, they exhibit unidirectional, asymmetric introgression with potentially negative consequences for M. caurina, underscoring the value of mindful consideration of introgression in wildlife management.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10592-018-1120-5","usgsCitation":"Colella, J.P., Wilson, R.E., Talbot, S.L., and Cook, J.A., 2019, Implications of introgression for wildlife translocations: the case of North American martens: Conservation Genetics, v. 20, no. 2, p. 153-166, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-018-1120-5.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"153","endPage":"166","ipdsId":"IP-093364","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437596,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9V1L0SI","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Sequence Information from the Mitogenome and Ten Nuclear Genes from Martes Species (Martes americana, M. caurina) of North America, 1972-2010"},{"id":360783,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-11-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colella, Jocelyn P.","contributorId":190332,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Colella","given":"Jocelyn","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, Robert E. 0000-0003-1800-0183 rewilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1800-0183","contributorId":5718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Robert","email":"rewilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Talbot, Sandra L. 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":140512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cook, Joseph A.","contributorId":8323,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cook","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7000,"text":"Department of Biology, University of New Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70201716,"text":"70201716 - 2019 - Evidence for interactions among environmental stressors in the Laurentian Great Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-01-28T11:37:28","indexId":"70201716","displayToPublicDate":"2019-01-28T11:37:23","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for interactions among environmental stressors in the Laurentian Great Lakes","docAbstract":"Co-occurrence of environmental stressors is ubiquitous in ecosystems, but cumulative effects are difficult to predict for effective indicator development. Individual stressors can amplify (synergies) or lessen (antagonisms) each other's impacts or have fully independent effects (additive). Here we use the Laurentian Great Lakes, where a multitude of stressors have been studied for decades, as a case study for considering insights from both a systematic literature review and an expert elicitation (or structured expert judgment) to identify stressor interactions. In our literature search for pairs of stressors and interaction-related keywords, relatively few studies (9%, or 6/65) supported additive interactions with independent stressor effects. Instead, both antagonisms (42%, or 27/65) and synergies (49%, or 32/65) were common. We found substantial evidence for interactions of invasive dreissenid mussels with nutrient loading and between pairs of invasive species (predominantly dreissenids × round goby), yet both sets of records included mixtures of synergies and antagonisms. Complete quantification of individual and joint effects of stressors was rare, but effect sizes for dreissenid mussels × nutrient loading supported an antagonism. Our expert elicitation included discussion in focus groups and a follow-up survey. This process highlighted the potential for synergies of nutrient loading with dreissenid mussels and climate change as seen from the literature review. The elicitation also identified additional potential interactions less explored in the literature, particularly synergies of nutrient loading with hypoxia and wetland loss. To stimulate future research, we built a conceptual model describing interactions among dreissenid mussels, climate change, and nutrient loading. Our case study illustrates the value of considering results from both elicitations and systematic reviews to overcome data limitations. The simultaneous occurrence of synergies and antagonisms in a single ecosystem underscores the challenge of predicting the cumulative effects of stressors to guide indicator development and other management and restoration decisions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.01.010","usgsCitation":"Smith, S.D., Bunnell, D.B., Burton, G., Ciborowski, J.J., Davidson, A.D., Dickinson, C.E., Eaton, L.A., Esselman, P.C., Evans, M.A., Kashian, D.R., Manning, N., McIntyre, P.B., Nalepa, T.F., Perez-Fuentetaja, A., Steinman, A.D., Uzarski, D.G., and Allan, J.D., 2019, Evidence for interactions among environmental stressors in the Laurentian Great Lakes: Ecological Indicators, v. 101, p. 203-211, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.01.010.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"203","endPage":"211","ipdsId":"IP-093690","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":360726,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Laurentian Great Lakes","volume":"101","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c5022c3e4b0708288f7e7ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Sigrid D. P.","contributorId":211810,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Sigrid","email":"","middleInitial":"D. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bunnell, David B. 0000-0003-3521-7747 dbunnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3521-7747","contributorId":195888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunnell","given":"David","email":"dbunnell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burton, G.A. Jr.","contributorId":91959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"G.A.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ciborowski, Jan J. H.","contributorId":211812,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ciborowski","given":"Jan","email":"","middleInitial":"J. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Davidson, Alisha D.","contributorId":211813,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davidson","given":"Alisha","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dickinson, Caitlin E.","contributorId":211814,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dickinson","given":"Caitlin","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Eaton, Lauren A.","contributorId":211815,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eaton","given":"Lauren","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Esselman, Peter C. 0000-0002-0085-903X pesselman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0085-903X","contributorId":5965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esselman","given":"Peter","email":"pesselman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Evans, Mary Anne 0000-0002-1627-7210 maevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1627-7210","contributorId":149358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Mary","email":"maevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Anne","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kashian, Donna R.","contributorId":205602,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kashian","given":"Donna","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":7147,"text":"Wayne State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":754969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Manning, Nathan F.","contributorId":211818,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Manning","given":"Nathan F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"McIntyre, Peter B.","contributorId":166828,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McIntyre","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":24540,"text":"Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":754971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Nalepa, Thomas F.","contributorId":211819,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nalepa","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Perez-Fuentetaja, Alicia","contributorId":211820,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perez-Fuentetaja","given":"Alicia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Steinman, Alan D.","contributorId":190417,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steinman","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Uzarski, Donald G.","contributorId":211821,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Uzarski","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Allan, J. David","contributorId":211822,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17}]}} ,{"id":70227516,"text":"70227516 - 2019 - Interspecific aggression among parapatric and sympatric songbirds on a tropical elevational gradient","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-20T13:22:43.296585","indexId":"70227516","displayToPublicDate":"2019-01-28T07:21:07","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":981,"text":"Behavioral Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interspecific aggression among parapatric and sympatric songbirds on a tropical elevational gradient","docAbstract":"Interspecific competition is hypothesized to be a strong force that sets species range limits and drives parapatric distributions of closely related species on tropical mountains. Yet, experimental evidence that competition drives spatial segregation of closely related species on elevational gradients is rare. To test whether competition limits elevational ranges of tropical songbirds, we conducted reciprocal playback experiments on 2 pairs of species with adjacent but nonoverlapping (parapatric) distributions and 1 pair of sympatric species. We found asymmetric interspecific aggression in one parapatric pair (Pycnonotidae) and a complete absence of interspecific aggression in the other (Zosteropidae). We also found asymmetric interspecies aggression in a pair of sympatric flycatchers (Muscicapidae). Our results indicate that interspecific aggression may set range limits in some cases, but it is not a prerequisite for parapatry. Furthermore, the presence of interspecific aggression between co-occurring relatives suggests that while competition may play a role in limiting species distributions, interspecific aggression alone is not sufficient evidence to assert that competition is the primary driver of parapatric distributions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/beheco/ary194","usgsCitation":"Boyce, A.J., and Martin, T.E., 2019, Interspecific aggression among parapatric and sympatric songbirds on a tropical elevational gradient: Behavioral Ecology, v. 30, no. 2, p. 541-547, https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/ary194.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"541","endPage":"547","ipdsId":"IP-097460","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467980,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/ary194","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":394571,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-01-28","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boyce, Andy J.","contributorId":271252,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyce","given":"Andy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":48645,"text":"umt","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":831224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, Thomas E. 0000-0002-4028-4867 tmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4028-4867","contributorId":1208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Thomas","email":"tmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":831225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70223138,"text":"70223138 - 2019 - The future is now: Amplicon sequencing and sequence capture usher in the conservation genomics era","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-12T12:55:41.045881","indexId":"70223138","displayToPublicDate":"2019-01-25T07:52:38","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2776,"text":"Molecular Ecology Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The future is now: Amplicon sequencing and sequence capture usher in the conservation genomics era","docAbstract":"The genomics revolution has initiated a new era of population genetics where genome-wide data are frequently used to understand complex patterns of population structure and selection. However, the application of genomic tools to inform management and conservation has been somewhat rare outside a few well studied species. Fortunately, two recently developed approaches, amplicon sequencing and sequence capture, have the potential to significantly advance the field of conservation genomics. Here, amplicon sequencing refers to highly multiplexed PCR followed by high-throughput sequencing (e.g., GTseq), and sequence capture refers to using capture probes to isolate loci from reduced-representation libraries (e.g., Rapture). Both approaches allow sequencing of thousands of individuals at relatively low costs, do not require any specialized equipment for library preparation, and generate data that can be analyzed without sophisticated computational infrastructure. Here, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each method and provide a decision framework for geneticists who are looking to integrate these methods into their research programme. While it will always be important to consider the specifics of the biological question and system, we believe that amplicon sequencing is best suited for projects aiming to genotype <500 loci on many individuals (>1,500) or for species where continued monitoring is anticipated (e.g., long-term pedigrees). Sequence capture, on the other hand, is best applied to projects including fewer individuals or where >500 loci are required. Both of these techniques should smooth the transition from traditional genetic techniques to genomics, helping to usher in the conservation genomics era.
The Atastra Creek siliceous hot spring deposit, or sinter, occurs in the Paramount-Bald Peak alteration zone, due north of the Bodie precious metals mining district in the Miocene Bodie Hills volcanic field, California and Nevada, U.S.A. Distinctive features include its geomorphically intact geyser vent mounds, the presence of growth-fault-stepped sinter terraces that developed westward along a NNW trending fault, and atypical Hg, Sb and As concentrations. High-temperature (>75 °C), subaerial, proximal apron sinter occurs in two settings – (1) radiating botryoidal geyserite in vent mounds and (2) bedded geyserite (columnar, nodular, size-sorted geyser eggs) intercalated with mid- to low-temperature (<60 °C), middle to distal apron terrace sinter. The active geyser vent mounds migrated from south to north across the apron terrace through time. A newly recognized, visually striking type of sinter – termed silica infiltrate herein – formed directly beneath the subaerial geyserite deposits. It is characterized by mainly parallel, thin, irregular beds of white silica with narrow borders of dark blue-gray silica, as well as swirly to globular white silica, all chaotically linked together by silica ‘necks’ and ‘bridges’. The silica infiltrate permeates the pre-existing sinter, and is interpreted to represent super-heated fluid injections into the immediately overlying geyser vent mounds and pools. The adjacent sinter sheets preserve fluid-flow directions of warm-water channels that traversed the discharge apron, including microbial streamer fabric and wavy laminated sinter with flattened bubbles. More distal sinter textures are recorded by rimmed terracettes with mammillated and palisade microbial fabrics and rare, warm pool-related stromatolites. However, plants are absent, probably due to the high metalloids, in particular As. Post-depositional events include an inferred hydrothermal eruption breccia and an interpreted drop in the water table accompanied by incursion of steam acid condensate, as evidenced by pervasive hydrothermal alteration of the Atastra Creek deposits. Hence, the well-exposed sedimentary facies distributions, well-preserved geomorphology, and stratigraphic and structural relationships together allow an unusually complete, paleoenvironmental reconstruction of the Atastra Creek paleohydrothermal deposit.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2018.12.006","usgsCitation":"Campbell, K.A., Guido, D.M., John, D.A., Vikre, P., Rhys, D., and Hamilton, A., 2019, The Miocene Atastra Creek sinter (Bodie Hills volcanic field, California and Nevada): 4D evolution of a geomorphically intact siliceous hot spring deposit: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 370, p. 65-81, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2018.12.006.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"65","endPage":"81","ipdsId":"IP-102174","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502590,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11336/104267","text":"External Repository"},{"id":426119,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"370","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, Kathleen A. 0000-0002-4815-2519","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4815-2519","contributorId":334434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Campbell","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":38833,"text":"University of Auckland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":895630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guido, Diego M. 0000-0003-4696-5644","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4696-5644","contributorId":334435,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guido","given":"Diego","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":80146,"text":"Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":895631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"John, David A. 0000-0001-7977-9106 djohn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7977-9106","contributorId":1748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"John","given":"David","email":"djohn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":895632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vikre, Peter 0000-0001-7895-5972","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7895-5972","contributorId":203922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vikre","given":"Peter","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":895633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rhys, David","contributorId":334437,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rhys","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12586,"text":"Consultant","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":895634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hamilton, Ayrton","contributorId":334438,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamilton","given":"Ayrton","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38833,"text":"University of Auckland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":895635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70215987,"text":"70215987 - 2019 - Improving estimates and forecasts of lake carbon dynamics using data assimilation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-03T14:07:26.459331","indexId":"70215987","displayToPublicDate":"2019-01-09T08:04:29","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2622,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography: Methods","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improving estimates and forecasts of lake carbon dynamics using data assimilation","docAbstract":"Lakes are biogeochemical hotspots on the landscape, contributing significantly to the global carbon cycle despite their small areal coverage. Observations and models of lake carbon pools and fluxes are rarely explicitly combined through data assimilation despite successful use of this technique in other fields. Data assimilation adds value to both observations and models by constraining models with observations of the system and by leveraging knowledge of the system formalized by the model to objectively fill observation gaps. In this article, we highlight the utility of data assimilation in lake carbon cycling research by using the ensemble Kalman filter to combine simple lake carbon models with observations of lake carbon pools and fluxes. We demonstrate that data assimilation helps reduce uncertainty in estimates of lake carbon pools and fluxes and more accurately estimate the true carbon pool size compared to estimates derived from observations alone. Data assimilation techniques should be embraced as valuable tools for lake biogeochemists interested in learning about ecosystem dynamics and forecasting ecosystem states and processes.
Planktonic foraminiferal assemblages in two cores from Maryland and New Jersey show evidence for significant changes in surface ocean habitats on the continental shelf during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). At both sites, significant assemblage shifts occur immediately before the onset of the event. These changes include the appearance of abundant triserial/biserial species as well as rare excursion taxa, which are limited to the interval of the carbon isotope excursion at deep-sea sites. The assemblage shifts signal the development of new habitats immediately prior to the onset of the PETM, likely involving warming, surface ocean acidification, increased stratification and oligotrophy. A sharp increase in diversity at the onset of the event is interpreted as a further increase in stratification and warming, as well as increased water depth and more eutrophic conditions. Finally, we observe variant morphologies of several planktonic foraminifera, which may also signal the response of the assemblage to environmental perturbation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marmicro.2018.12.001","usgsCitation":"Livsey, C.M., Babila, T., Robinson, M.M., and Bralower, T., 2019, The planktonic foraminiferal response to the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum on the Atlantic coastal plain: Marine Micropaleontology, v. 146, p. 39-50, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2018.12.001.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"50","ipdsId":"IP-095753","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":360567,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Atlantic coastal plain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -74,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -74,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -78,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -78,\n 36\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"146","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c1b66e3e4b0708288c71d1e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Livsey, Caitlin M.","contributorId":211721,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Livsey","given":"Caitlin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7260,"text":"Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":754683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Babila, Tali","contributorId":211722,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Babila","given":"Tali","affiliations":[{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":754684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robinson, Marci M. 0000-0002-9200-4097 mmrobinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9200-4097","contributorId":2082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Marci","email":"mmrobinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bralower, Timothy J.","contributorId":195144,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bralower","given":"Timothy J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70211910,"text":"70211910 - 2019 - Congruent population genetic structure but differing depths of divergence for three alpine stoneflies with similar ecology and geographic distributions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-11T18:24:44.733885","indexId":"70211910","displayToPublicDate":"2018-12-17T13:14:33","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Congruent population genetic structure but differing depths of divergence for three alpine stoneflies with similar ecology and geographic distributions","docAbstract":"Many abiotic and biotic environmental characteristics in river basins show spatial gradients from river source to main stem. We examined the spatial organization of fish within the Duck River Basin to document patterns in diversity that could help guide conservation strategies relevant to controlling the detrimental effects of basin development. In all, over 0.33 million fishes representing 145 species and 18 families, including 9 non-native species, were collected in 207 samples distributed throughout the basin. Main stem sites with large catchment areas supported more fish diversity than smaller sites in tributaries. Moreover, rare species were most common in the main stem and ubiquitous species in tributaries. The spatial organization of species assemblages was mostly nested, as assemblages appeared to disassemble in an upstream direction from main stem sites and confluences. These findings suggest that fish conservation efforts might emphasize main stem segments and confluences that support higher biodiversity including the rare species often most in need of protection. The main stem can support the populations needed to recolonize tributaries and rescue populations that might periodically go extinct after droughts or other major disturbances. In tributaries, conservation of species assemblages may focus on managing between-patch connectivity via corridor maintenance or creation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.3392","usgsCitation":"Miranda, L.E., Kilgore, K.J., and Slack, W., 2019, Spatial organization of fish diversity in a species-rich basin: River Research and Applications, v. 35, no. 2, p. 188-196, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.3392.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"188","endPage":"196","ipdsId":"IP-098959","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468026,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.3392","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":395230,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Duck River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.95379638671874,\n 35.36217605914681\n ],\n [\n -86.0504150390625,\n 35.36217605914681\n ],\n [\n -86.0504150390625,\n 36.089060460282006\n ],\n [\n -87.95379638671874,\n 36.089060460282006\n ],\n [\n -87.95379638671874,\n 35.36217605914681\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miranda, Leandro E. 0000-0002-2138-7924 smiranda@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2138-7924","contributorId":531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miranda","given":"Leandro","email":"smiranda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":832371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kilgore, Kenneth J.","contributorId":272892,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kilgore","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Slack, William T.","contributorId":272893,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Slack","given":"William T.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70205182,"text":"70205182 - 2019 - Bioclimatic envelopes for individual demographic events driven by extremes: Plant mortality from drought and warming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-06T09:18:59","indexId":"70205182","displayToPublicDate":"2018-11-28T09:15:42","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2065,"text":"International Journal of Plant Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bioclimatic envelopes for individual demographic events driven by extremes: Plant mortality from drought and warming","docAbstract":"The occurrence of plant species across the globe is largely constrained by climate. Ecologists use plant-climate relationships such as bioclimatic envelopes and related niche models to determine potential environmental conditions promoting probable species occurrence. Traditionally bioclimatic envelopes either exclude disturbance explicitly, or only include disturbance as infrequent and smaller scale processes, assuming that the net effect of climate parameters on key demographic processes predict longer-term equilibrial responses of biota. Due to increasing frequency and extent of extreme events associated with climate change, ecologists may need to increase focus on individual demographic events driven by environmental extremes such as widespread coral bleaching or large-scale tree die-off. An expanded focus on how extreme events catalyze individual demographic events would complement existing tools that predict long-term equilibrial biogeographic responses associated with long-term trends in climate. In many cases, extreme conditions (e.g. drought) are a necessary precursor for an abrupt demographic event (e.g. large-scale tree die-off) and the effects of extremes can be exacerbated by climatic trends (e.g. higher temperatures in combination with drought). Here, we highlight application of bioclimatic models for predicting individual demographic events. Defining the environmental conditions that precipitate demographic events such as widespread tree mortality is a necessary precursor for applying predictions to geographic space, and may require challenging biota with experiments that impose a combination of ecologically extreme conditions in one parameter and a shifting distribution in another (e.g. drought under higher temperatures). Currently data on conditions that drive individual demographic events associated with extremes are usually rare, aggregated across time, and/or correlative. We highlight this approach with a case study of drought-induced mortality in adult Pinus edulis trees that predicts a more than five-fold increase in frequency of die-off events under a global change scenario of high emissions. This general approach complements both traditional bioclimatic envelopes and more detailed physiological approaches currently being refined to address climate change challenges. Notably, this proposed approach could be developed for any climate condition or plant life stage, offering promise for improving predictions of individual demographic events that are rapidly altering ecosystems globally.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/700702","usgsCitation":"Law, D.J., Adams, H.D., Breshears, D.D., Cobb, N.S., Bradford, J.B., Zou, C.B., Field, J.P., Gardea, A.A., Williams, A.P., and Huxman, T.E., 2019, Bioclimatic envelopes for individual demographic events driven by extremes: Plant mortality from drought and warming: International Journal of Plant Sciences, v. 80, no. 1, p. 53-62, https://doi.org/10.1086/700702.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"62","ipdsId":"IP-066810","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":367246,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Law, Darin J.","contributorId":216390,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Law","given":"Darin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":39400,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":770258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, Henry D.","contributorId":218785,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":39910,"text":"Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87544, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":770261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Breshears, David D.","contributorId":51620,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Breshears","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":770260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cobb, Neil S.","contributorId":200776,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cobb","given":"Neil","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":770262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bradford, John B. 0000-0001-9257-6303 jbradford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-6303","contributorId":611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"John","email":"jbradford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zou, Chris B.","contributorId":218786,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zou","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":39911,"text":"Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74074, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":770263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Field, Jason P.","contributorId":216389,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Field","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":39400,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":770259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gardea, Alfonso A.","contributorId":218787,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gardea","given":"Alfonso","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":39912,"text":"Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":770264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Williams, A. Park","contributorId":200207,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Park","affiliations":[{"id":27369,"text":"Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory at Columbia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":770265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Huxman, Travis E.","contributorId":53898,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huxman","given":"Travis","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":770266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70204140,"text":"70204140 - 2019 - Effectiveness of shallow water habitat remediation for improving fish habitat in a large temperate river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-10T09:23:40","indexId":"70204140","displayToPublicDate":"2018-11-01T09:46:18","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1454,"text":"Ecological Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effectiveness of shallow water habitat remediation for improving fish habitat in a large temperate river","docAbstract":"Loss of shallow water riparian zones in the St. Clair River has reduced availability of nursery areas and refuge for fishes. To remediate habitat losses and provide fish nursery areas, five remediation projects were carried out along the river’s United States bank from 2012 to 2014, replacing seawalls with sloping banks and adding in-stream structure (e.g., root wads and boulders). Project evaluation is necessary to determine success, however there is no standard sampling protocol for shallow habitat in large rivers, especially when both adults and juvenile fishes should be targeted. Therefore, to assess remediation effectiveness and suggest appropriate sampling techniques for large river shorelines, we employed a multi-gear sampling strategy targeting multiple fish species and life history stages at five shoreline remediation and four control sites. We collected juvenile fishes with minnow traps and backpack electrofishing and adult fishes with gillnets. Poisson models were used to evaluate catch per unit effort (CPUE) differences between remediation and control sites for species of management priority (e.g., game fishes and rare species) and taxonomic groups. Model estimates were then used to calculate proportional abundances and compare species composition between site types. Results indicated that electrofishing CPUEs of Darters, mottled sculpin Cottus bairdi, rare threatened and endangered species, and juvenile and adult Centrarchidae were higher at remediation sites than at control sites. Additionally, juvenile Centrarchidae and mottled sculpin had a higher proportional abundance in electrofishing collections at remediation sites than at control sites. In contrast, CPUEs and proportional abundances were similar for all taxonomic and management priority groups of fish collected in minnow traps and gillnets. Electrofishing captured more species and more individuals and is therefore a valuable sampling technique for large river shorelines. Nevertheless, addition of minnow traps and gillnets allowed for a more comprehensive assessment of fish assemblages. Overall, this multi-faceted survey approach demonstrates that shoreline remediation projects were beneficial to recreational and ecologically important species in the St. Clair River.
Aeolian processes — the erosion, transport, and deposition of sediment by wind — play important geomorphological and ecological roles in drylands. These processes are known to impact the spatial patterns of soil, nutrients, plant‐available water, and vegetation in many dryland ecosystems. Tracers, such as rare earth elements and stable isotopes have been successfully used to quantify the transport and redistribution of sediment by aeolian processes in these ecosystems. However, many of the existing tracer techniques are labor‐intensive and cost‐prohibitive, and hence simpler alternative approaches are needed to track aeolian redistribution of sediments. To address this methodological gap, we test the applicability of a novel metal tracer‐based methodology for estimating post‐fire aeolian sediment redistribution, using spatio‐temporal measurements of low‐field magnetic susceptibility (MS). We applied magnetic metal tracers on soil microsites beneath shrub vegetation in recently burned and control treatments in a heterogeneous landscape in the Chihuahuan desert (New Mexico, USA). Our results indicate a spatially homogeneous distribution of the magnetic tracers on the landscape after post‐burn wind erosion events. MS decreased after wind erosion events on the burned shrub microsites, indicating that these areas functioned as sediment sources following the wildfire, whereas they are known to be sediment sinks in the undisturbed (e.g., not recently burned) ecosystem. This experiment represents the first step toward the development of a cost‐effective and non‐destructive tracer‐based approach to estimate the transport and redistribution of sediment by aeolian processes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/esp.4536","usgsCitation":"Ravi, S., Gonzales, H.B., Buynevich, I.V., Li, J., Sankey, J.B., Dukes, D., and Wang, G., 2019, On the development of a magnetic susceptibility‐based tracer for aeolian sediment transport research: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 44, no. 2, p. 672-678, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.4536.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"672","endPage":"678","ipdsId":"IP-100633","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358815,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-11-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a915e4b034bf6a7e4f6c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ravi, Sujith","contributorId":202738,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ravi","given":"Sujith","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36520,"text":"Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Temple University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gonzales, Howell B.","contributorId":202737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gonzales","given":"Howell","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":36520,"text":"Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Temple University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buynevich, Ilya V.","contributorId":210064,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buynevich","given":"Ilya","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":38063,"text":"Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Li, Junran","contributorId":202740,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Junran","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36521,"text":"Department of Geosciences, University of Tulsa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sankey, Joel B. 0000-0003-3150-4992 jsankey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3150-4992","contributorId":3935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sankey","given":"Joel","email":"jsankey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dukes, David","contributorId":202736,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dukes","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36520,"text":"Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Temple University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wang, Guan","contributorId":202741,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Guan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36521,"text":"Department of Geosciences, University of Tulsa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":749739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70200461,"text":"70200461 - 2019 - Whooping Cranes past and present","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-24T10:32:34","indexId":"70200461","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-23T14:16:48","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Whooping Cranes past and present","docAbstract":"The Whooping Crane (Grus americana), endemic to North America, is the rarest of all crane species. It is believed that in the early 1800s, the Whooping Crane was widespread in North America, though it was never very abundant. Whooping Crane numbers decreased precipitously as westward migration of Euro-American settlers converted prairie to cropland and the birds were hunted. By the early 1940s the total population was as low as 21 individuals; the migratory Aransas-Wood Buffalo Population, from which all extant Whooping Cranes are descended, dwindled to 16 in 1941. The threat of extinction was very real. These dire circumstances excited the interest of ornithologists and conservationists in the United States and Canada, and much has been accomplished since to conserve the species. To describe the historical and ongoing conservation activities for Whooping Cranes, we distinguish two eras of Whooping Crane Conservation: before 1950 and after 1950. The first era was characterized by publicizing the plight of the Whooping Crane and halting hunting and habitat destruction. The second era, continuing to the present, has been characterized by development of information about cranes through scientific study, conservation efforts of governmental and nongovernmental organizations, protection of the species under the Endangered Species Act in the United States and the Species at Risk Act in Canada, habitat protection, and reintroduction of new populations of Whooping Cranes. Publication of the monograph, The Whooping Crane by Robert Porter Allen, in 1952 stimulated much of the work of the second era, and still stands as the definitive work on the biology of Whooping Cranes. The remnant Aransas Wood Buffalo Population, which is crucial to species recovery, has grown to over 430 birds as of winter 2016–17. Four reintroduced populations were started in the second era; two are currently active efforts (the Eastern Migratory population and the Louisiana Nonmigratory Population), although neither population is selfsustaining. This volume gathers together the current scientific information about Whooping Cranes and the experiences of various reintroduction and management operations, to provide a baseline from which a third era of Whooping Crane conservation may be launched.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Whooping Cranes: Biology and conservation","language":"English","publisher":"Academic Press","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-803555-9.00001-3","usgsCitation":"French, J., Converse, S.J., and Austin, J.E., 2019, Whooping Cranes past and present, chap. of Whooping Cranes: Biology and conservation, p. 3-16, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-803555-9.00001-3.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"16","ipdsId":"IP-092444","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358685,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a8dee4b034bf6a7e4d9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"French, John B. Jr. 0000-0001-8901-7092","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8901-7092","contributorId":209865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"French","given":"John B.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Converse, Sarah J. 0000-0002-3719-5441 sconverse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3719-5441","contributorId":173772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"Sarah","email":"sconverse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Austin, Jane E. 0000-0001-8775-2210 jaustin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8775-2210","contributorId":146411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Austin","given":"Jane","email":"jaustin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70203053,"text":"70203053 - 2019 - Evidence for shelf acidification during the onset of the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-16T08:37:22","indexId":"70203053","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-12T08:35:43","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5790,"text":"Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for shelf acidification during the onset of the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum","docAbstract":"A transect of paleoshelf cores from Maryland and New Jersey contains a ~0.19 m to 1.61 m thick interval with reduced percentages of carbonate during the onset of the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). Outer paleoshelf cores are barren of nannofossils and correspond to two minor disconformities. Middle paleoshelf cores contain a mixture of samples devoid of nannofossils and those with rare specimens characterized by significant dissolution (i.e., etching). The magnitude of the decrease in carbonate cannot be explained by dilution by clastic material or dissolution resulting from the oxidation of organic matter during early diagenesis. The observed preservation pattern implies a shoaling of the calcite compensation depth (CCD) and lysocline to the middle shelf. This reduced carbonate interval is observed during the onset of the PETM on other continental margins raising the possibility that extreme shoaling of the CCD and lysocline was a global signal which is more significant than in previous estimates for the PETM. An alternative scenario is that shoaling was restricted to the northwest Atlantic, enhanced by regional and local factors (eutrophication from rivers, microbial activity associated with warming) that exacerbated the impact of acidification on the shelf.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2018PA003382","usgsCitation":"Bralower, T., Kump, L.R., Robinson, M.M., Self-Trail, J., Lyons, S.L., Babila, T., Ballaron, E., Freeman, K.H., Hajek, E.A., Rush, W., and Zachos, J.C., 2019, Evidence for shelf acidification during the onset of the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, v. 33, no. 12, p. 1408-1426, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018PA003382.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1408","endPage":"1426","ipdsId":"IP-096932","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468076,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index 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of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":760956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ballaron, Edward","contributorId":214847,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ballaron","given":"Edward","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":760957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Freeman, Katherine H.","contributorId":211830,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Freeman","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":13035,"text":"Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":760958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hajek, Elizabeth 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