Hualalai is one of five volcanoes whose eruptions built the island of Hawaii. The historic 1800-1801 flows and the analyzed prehistoric flows exposed at the surface are alkalic basalts except for a trachyte cone and flow at Puu Waawaa and a trachyte maar deposit near Waha Pele. The 1800-1801 eruption produced two flows: the upper Kaupulehu flow and the lower Huehue flow. The analyzed lavas of the two 1800-1801 flows are geochemically identical with the exception of a few samples from the toe of the Huehue flow that appear to be derived from a separate magmatic batch. The analyzed prehistoric basalts are nearly identical to the 1800-1801 flows but include some lavas that have undergone considerable shallow crystal fractionation. The least fractionated alkalic basalts from Hualalai are in equilibrium with mantle olivine (Fo87) indicating that the Hawaiian mantle source region is not unusually iron-rich. The 1800-1801 and analyzed prehistoric basalts can be generated by about 5-10% partial fusion of a garnet-bearing source relatively enriched in the light-rare-earths. The mantle underlying the Hawaiian Islands is chemically and mineralogically heterogeneous before and after extraction of the magmas that make up the volcanoes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02600363","issn":"0366483X","usgsCitation":"Clague, D., Jackson, E., and Wright, T.L., 1980, Petrology of Hualalai volcano, Hawaii: Implication for mantle composition: Bulletin Volcanologique, v. 43, no. 4, p. 641-656, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02600363.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"641","endPage":"656","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221834,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205148,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02600363"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Hualalai volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.1322021484375,\n 19.52355289169168\n ],\n [\n -155.7366943359375,\n 19.52355289169168\n ],\n [\n -155.7366943359375,\n 19.83906000930461\n ],\n [\n -156.1322021484375,\n 19.83906000930461\n ],\n [\n -156.1322021484375,\n 19.52355289169168\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"43","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a782de4b0c8380cd78661","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clague, D.A.","contributorId":36129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clague","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackson, E.D.","contributorId":99524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wright, T. L.","contributorId":11188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012566,"text":"70012566 - 1980 - Late Cenozoic volcanic rocks of the southern Sierra Nevada, California: I. Geology and petrology: Summary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-05T01:12:30.413064","indexId":"70012566","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1787,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin, Part I","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Cenozoic volcanic rocks of the southern Sierra Nevada, California: I. Geology and petrology: Summary","docAbstract":"The geology and petrology of the Cenozoic volcanic rocks of the region of California between 38° and 35°45'N latitude and 117°30' and 120°W longitude, including the rocks of a major potassic magmatic province on the west slope of the Sierra Nevada, have been described in Part I (Moore and Dodge, 1980) of this study. The geochemical features of these rocks may provide clues to their origin and aid in comparing and contrasting the Sierra Nevada potassic province with other localized potassic provinces elsewhere in the world.
Basaltic rocks occur in numerous small lava-flow remnants, dikes, and plugs that intrude the predominantly granitic terrain of the western slope of the southern Sierra Nevada. Leucite-bearing rocks are present at several localities in this western region. More voluminous basalt, commonly associated with rhyolite, is present east of the range in the Basin and Range province. However, leucite-bearing rocks have been found-at only one locality in this region. Most of the late Cenozoic volcanic rocks in the southern Sierra Nevada eastward through Owens Valley and in the extreme western Basin-Range occur in five rather distinctive areas—the San Joaquin-Kings, Kern, Big Pine, and Coso volcanic fields, and the Mono-Long Valley volcanic center (Fig. 1).
Approximately 100 heat flow measurements in the San Andreas fault zone indicate (1) there is no evidence for local factional heating of the main fault trace at any latitude over a 1000-km length from Cape Mendocino to San Bernardino, (2) average heat flow is high (∼2 HFU, ∼80 mW m−2) throughout the 550-km segment of the Coast Ranges that encloses the San Andreas fault zone in central California; this broad anomaly falls off rapidly toward the Great Valley to the east, and over a 200-km distance toward the Mendocino Triple Junction to the northwest. As others have pointed out, a local conductive heat flow anomaly would be detectable unless the frictional resistance allocated to heat production on the main trace were ≲100 bars. Frictional work allocated to surface energy of new fractures is probably unimportant, and hydrologic convection is not likely to invalidate the conduction assumption, since the heat discharge by thermal springs near the fault is negligible. Explanations for the low dynamic friction fall into two intergradational classes: those in which the fault is weak all of the time and those in which it is weak only during earthquakes (possibly just large ones). The first class includes faults containing anomalously weak gouge materials and faults containing materials with normal frictional properties under near-lithostatic steady state fluid pressures. In the second class, weakening is caused by the event (for example, a thermally induced increase in fluid pressure, dehydration of clay minerals, or acoustic fluidization). In this class, unlike the first, the average strength and ambient tectonic shear stress may be large, ∼1 kbar, but the stress allocated to elastic radiation (the apparent stress) must be of similar magnitude, an apparent contradiction with seismic estimates. Unless seismic radiation is underestimated for large earthquakes, it is difficult to justify average tectonic stresses on the main trace of the San Andreas fault in excess of ∼200 bars. The development of the broad Coast Range heat flow anomaly southward from Cape Mendocino suggests that heat flow increases by a factor of 2 within 4 m.y. after the passage of the Mendocino Triple Junction. This passage leaves the San Andreas transform fault zone in its wake; the depth of the anomalous sources cannot be much greater than the depth of the seismogenic layer. Some of the anomalous heat may be supplied by conduction from the warmer mantle that must occur south of the Mendocino transform (where there is no subducting slab), and some might be supplied by shear heating in the fault zone. With no contribution from shear heating, extreme mantle upwelling would be required, and asthenosphere conditions should exist today at depths of only ∼20 km in the northernmost Coast Ranges. If there is an appreciable contribution from shear heating, the heat flow constraint implies that the seismogenic layer is partially decoupled at its base and that the basal traction is in the sense that resists right lateral motion on the fault(s). As a result of these basal tractions, the average shearing stress in the seismogenic layer would increase with distance from the main fault, and the seismogenic layer would offer substantial resistance to plate motion even though resistance on the main fault might be negligible. These speculative models have testable consequences.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB085iB11p06185","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Lachenbruch, A., and Sass, J., 1980, Heat flow and energetics of the San Andreas fault zone: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 85, no. B11, p. 6185-6223, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB085iB11p06185.","productDescription":"39 p.","startPage":"6185","endPage":"6223","numberOfPages":"39","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222413,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"85","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2ff7e4b0c8380cd5d26e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lachenbruch, A.H.","contributorId":76737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lachenbruch","given":"A.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sass, J.H.","contributorId":70749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sass","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":363426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012353,"text":"70012353 - 1980 - Use of altered volcanic ash falls in stratigraphic studies of coal-bearing sequences: an example from the Upper Cretaceous Ferron Sandstone Member of the Mancos Shale in central Utah.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-24T11:49:03","indexId":"70012353","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of altered volcanic ash falls in stratigraphic studies of coal-bearing sequences: an example from the Upper Cretaceous Ferron Sandstone Member of the Mancos Shale in central Utah.","docAbstract":"The Ferron consists of 5 delta cycles, each of which includes one coal zone which contains at least one, and usually several, laterally persistent kaolinitic claystone partings. Laboratory study of the partings demonstrates that they represent altered volcanic ash falls. These partings have proven particularly useful in reconstructing the depositional history of the C coal bed of the Emery coal field which accumulated in a basin that developed concurrently with subsidence of the delta plain during both the constructive and destructive phases of the third delta cycle.-from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1980)91<579:UOAVAF>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Ryer, T., Phillips, R., Bohor, B., and Pollastro, R.M., 1980, Use of altered volcanic ash falls in stratigraphic studies of coal-bearing sequences: an example from the Upper Cretaceous Ferron Sandstone Member of the Mancos Shale in central Utah.: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 91, no. 10, p. 579-586, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1980)91<579:UOAVAF>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"579","endPage":"586","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":268126,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1980)91<579:UOAVAF>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":221943,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbeb0e4b08c986b32971d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryer, Thomas A.","contributorId":46091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryer","given":"Thomas A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, R.E.","contributorId":51241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bohor, B.F.","contributorId":96351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohor","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pollastro, R. M.","contributorId":6809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollastro","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70012352,"text":"70012352 - 1980 - Scaling variables and interpretation of eigenvalues in principal component analysis of geologic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:07","indexId":"70012352","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2554,"text":"Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Scaling variables and interpretation of eigenvalues in principal component analysis of geologic data","docAbstract":"The dominant feature distinguishing one method of principal components analysis from another is the manner in which the original data are transformed prior to the other computations. The only other distinguishing feature of any importance is whether the eigenvectors of the inner product-moment of the transformed data matrix are taken directly as the Q-mode scores or scaled by the square roots of their associated eigenvalues and called the R-mode loadings. If the eigenvectors are extracted from the product-moment correlation matrix, the variables, in effect, were transformed by column standardization (zero means and unit variances), and the sum of the p-largest eigenvalues divided by the sum of all the eigenvalues indicates the degree to which a model containing p components will account for the total variance in the original data. However, if the data were transformed in any manner other than column standardization, the eigenvalues cannot be used in this manner, but can only be used to determine the degree to which the model will account for the transformed data. Regardless of the type of principal components analysis that is performed-even whether it is R or Q-mode-the goodness-of-fit of the model to the original data is given better by the eigenvalues of the correlation matrix than by those of the matrix that was actually factored. ?? 1980 Plenum Publishing Corporation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF01034742","issn":"00205958","usgsCitation":"Miesch, A., 1980, Scaling variables and interpretation of eigenvalues in principal component analysis of geologic data: Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology, v. 12, no. 6, p. 523-538, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01034742.","startPage":"523","endPage":"538","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205169,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01034742"},{"id":221942,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b871de4b08c986b316308","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miesch, A.T.","contributorId":88726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miesch","given":"A.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012340,"text":"70012340 - 1980 - Shallow, low-permeability reservoirs of northern Great Plains: Assessment of their natural gas resources.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-12T15:47:21.238953","indexId":"70012340","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shallow, low-permeability reservoirs of northern Great Plains: Assessment of their natural gas resources.","docAbstract":"Major resources of natural gas are entrapped in low-permeability, low-pressure reservoirs at depths less than 4,000 ft (1,200 m) in the northern Great Plains. This shallow gas is the product of the immature stage of hydrocarbon generation and is referred to as biogenic gas. Prospective low-permeability, gas-bearing reservoirs range in age from late Early to Late Cretaceous and include most of the section from the base of the Mowry Shale to the top of the Judith River Formation. For detailed examination, the potential reservoir section was divided into five intervals represented by one or more formations and their correlatives. The intervals selected correspond to (1) Mowry Shale, (2) Belle Fourche Shale and Greenhorn Formation, (3) Carlile Shale, (4) Niobrara and Telegrap Creek Formations and Eagle Sandstone, and (5) Claggett Shale and Judith River Formation and their equivalents.
Within each interval, several different facies are developed. The following facies were identified and mapped for each interval: nonmarine rocks, coastal sandstones, shelf sandstones, siltstones, shales, and chalks. Two types of shelf sandstone were differentiated but generally not mapped separately because of lack of well log control. The \"sand ridge\" type has reservoir properties comparable to coastal sandstones and occurs as isolated tongues as much as 75 ft (23 m) thick. The second type of shelf sandstone is in beds commonly less than 1 in. (3 cm) thick which are interbedded with shale and contain a high content of allogenic silt- and clay-size material. It is impossible to differentiate these individual beds on conventional well logs. The siltstone and shale facies are grouped to ether because conventional logs cannot distinguish between these two rock types, particularly when they are interbedded. For future evaluation of natural gas resources from low-permeability reservoirs, it will be necessary to differentiate between the siltstone and shale facies and to identify individual beds, particularly very thin ones, within the shelf sandstone facies.
Each facies contains distinct reservoir types, some of which are low in permeability. The most promising low-permeability reservoirs are developed in the shelf sandstone, siltstone, and chalk facies. Reservoirs within these facies are particularly attractive because they are enveloped by thick sequences of shale which serve as both a source and a seal for the gas. When naturally fractured, these shales also may be low-productivity gas reservoirs similar to the Devonian shales of the Appalachian basin. In addition, facies with low-permeability reservoirs are present over most of the study area when maps for all of the intervals are combined.
Natural gas is produced from low-permeability reservoirs in the northern Great Plains in the southern part of western Canada. Established production covers an area of approximately 8,000 sq mi (20,700 sq km) where reported recoverable reserves average as much as 2 Bcf sq mi. Using these reserve data as an analog, the United States portion may contain resources of natural gas in excess of 100 Tcf. The volume of recoverable gas in the United States will depend on the development of improved recovery technology and higher gas prices relative to costs.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)","doi":"10.1306/2F919413-16CE-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Rice, D.D., and Shurr, G.W., 1980, Shallow, low-permeability reservoirs of northern Great Plains: Assessment of their natural gas resources.: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 64, no. 7, p. 969-987, https://doi.org/10.1306/2F919413-16CE-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"119 p.","startPage":"969","endPage":"987","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222713,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"northern Great Plains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -102,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -102,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -112,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -112,\n 48\n ],\n [\n -111,\n 48\n ],\n [\n -111,\n 47\n ],\n [\n -109,\n 47\n ],\n [\n -109,\n 44.99661557559614\n ],\n [\n -106,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -106,\n 44\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"64","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8e46e4b08c986b31883a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rice, Dudley D.","contributorId":11601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Dudley","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shurr, George W.","contributorId":78741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shurr","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012291,"text":"70012291 - 1980 - Measurement of irrigated acreage in Western Kansas from LANDSAT images","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:01","indexId":"70012291","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Measurement of irrigated acreage in Western Kansas from LANDSAT images","docAbstract":"In the past four decades, irrigated acreage in western Kansas has increased rapidly. Optimum utilization of vital groundwater supplies requires implementation of long-term water-management programs. One important variable in such programs is up-to-date information on acreage under irrigation. Conventional ground survey methods of estimating irrigated acreage are too slow to be of maximum use in water-management programs. Visual interpretation of LANDSAT images permits more rapid measurement of irrigated acreage, but procedures are tedious and still relatively slow. For example, using a LANDSAT false-color composite image in areas of western Kansas with few landmarks, it is impossible to keep track of fields by examination under low-power microscope. Irrigated fields are more easily delineated on a photographically enlarged false-color composite and are traced on an overlay for measurement. Interpretation and measurement required 6 weeks for a four-county (3140 mi2, 8133 km2) test area. Video image-analysis equipment permits rapid measurement of irrigated acreage. Spectral response of irrigated summer crops in western Kansas on MSS band 5 (visible red, 0.6-0.7 ??m) images is low in contrast to high response from harvested and fallow fields and from common soil types. Therefore, irrigated acreage in western Kansas can be uniquely discriminated by video image analysis. The area of irrigated crops in a given area of view is measured directly. Sources of error are small in western Kansas. After preliminary preparation of the images, the time required to measure irrigated acreage was 1 h per county (average area, 876 ml2 or 2269 km2). ?? 1980 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF02473477","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Keene, K., and Conley, C., 1980, Measurement of irrigated acreage in Western Kansas from LANDSAT images: Environmental Geology, v. 3, no. 2, p. 107-116, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02473477.","startPage":"107","endPage":"116","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205265,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02473477"},{"id":222586,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a530be4b0c8380cd6c846","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keene, K.M.","contributorId":63171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keene","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conley, C.D.","contributorId":51888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conley","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012272,"text":"70012272 - 1980 - Sedimentary masses and concepts about tectonic processes at underthrust ocean margins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-01T23:00:56.874881","indexId":"70012272","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sedimentary masses and concepts about tectonic processes at underthrust ocean margins","docAbstract":"Tectonic processes associated with subduction of oceanic crust, but unrelated to the collision of thick crustal masses or microplates, are presumed by many geologists to significantly affect the formation and deformation of large sedimentary bodies at underthrust ocean margins. More geologists are familiar with the concept of subduction accretion, which describes the tectonic attachment of rock and sediment masses to the margin's bedrock framework, than with other noncollision processes—for example, sediment subduction, subduction erosion, and subduction kneading. These are equally important processes controlling the geologic evolution of underthrust margins, and any one of them may predominate at a given place.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1980)8<564:SMACAT>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Scholl, D., von Huene, R.E., Vallier, T., and Howell, D.G., 1980, Sedimentary masses and concepts about tectonic processes at underthrust ocean margins: Geology, v. 8, no. 12, p. 564-568, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1980)8<564:SMACAT>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"564","endPage":"568","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222299,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8a28e4b08c986b317078","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scholl, D.W.","contributorId":106461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"von Huene, Roland E. 0000-0003-1301-3866 rvonhuene@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1301-3866","contributorId":191070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"von Huene","given":"Roland","email":"rvonhuene@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7065,"text":"USGS emeritus","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":363149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vallier, T.L.","contributorId":69526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vallier","given":"T.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Howell, D. G.","contributorId":52546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howell","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70012258,"text":"70012258 - 1980 - Morphology of Lonar Crater, India: Comparisons and implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:05","indexId":"70012258","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3570,"text":"The Moon and the Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Morphology of Lonar Crater, India: Comparisons and implications","docAbstract":"Lonar Crater is a young meteorite impact crater emplaced in Deccan basalt. Data from 5 drillholes, a gravity network, and field mapping are used to reconstruct its original dimensions, delineate the nature of the pre-impact target rocks, and interpret the emplacement mode of the ejecta. Our estimates of the pre-erosion dimensions are: average diameter of 1710 m; average rim height of 40 m (30-35 m of rim rock uplift, 5-10 m of ejected debris); depth of 230-245 m (from rim crest to crater floor). The crater's circularity index is 0.9 and is unlikely to have been lower in the past. There are minor irregularities in the original crater floor (present sediment-breccia boundary) possibly due to incipient rebound effects. A continuous ejecta blanket extends an average of 1410 m beyond the pre-erosion rim crest. In general, 'fresh' terrestrial craters, less than 10 km in diameter, have smaller depth/diameter and larger rim height/diameter ratios than their lunar counterparts. Both ratios are intermediate for Mercurian craters, suggesting that crater shape is gravity dependent, all else being equal. Lonar demonstrates that all else is not always equal. Its depth/diameter ratio is normal but, because of less rim rock uplift, its rim height/diameter ratio is much smaller than both 'fresh' terrestrial and lunar impact craters. The target rock column at Lonar consists of one or more layers of weathered, soft basalt capped by fresh, dense flows. Plastic deformation and/or compaction of this lower, incompetent material probably absorbed much of the energy normally available in the cratering process for rim rock uplift. A variety of features within the ejecta blanket and the immediately underlying substrate, plus the broad extent of the blanket boundaries, suggest that a fluidized debris surge was the dominant mechanism of ejecta transportation and deposition at Lonar. In these aspects, Lonar should be a good analog for the 'fluidized craters' of Mars. ?? 1980 D. Reidel Publishing Co.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Moon and the Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00897591","issn":"01650807","usgsCitation":"Fudali, R., Milton, D., Fredriksson, K., and Dube, A., 1980, Morphology of Lonar Crater, India: Comparisons and implications: The Moon and the Planets, v. 23, no. 4, p. 493-515, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00897591.","startPage":"493","endPage":"515","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205191,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00897591"},{"id":222064,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e52e4b0c8380cd7096a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fudali, R.F.","contributorId":26445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fudali","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Milton, D.J.","contributorId":44121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milton","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fredriksson, K.","contributorId":11328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fredriksson","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dube, A.","contributorId":8615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dube","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70012244,"text":"70012244 - 1980 - Evaluation of organic matter, subsurface temperature and pressure with regard to gas generation in low-permeability Upper Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary sandstones in Pacific Creek area, Sublette and Sweetwater Counties, Wyoming.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:07","indexId":"70012244","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2789,"text":"Mountain Geologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of organic matter, subsurface temperature and pressure with regard to gas generation in low-permeability Upper Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary sandstones in Pacific Creek area, Sublette and Sweetwater Counties, Wyoming.","docAbstract":"The onset of overpressuring occurs at c.3,500 m, near the base of the U. Cretaceous Lance Formation. The development of overpressuring may involve several processes; however, interpretation of the available information indicates that active generation of large amounts of wet gas is one of the more important processes. The present minimum temperature at the top of overpressuring is at least 88oC. The preservation of abnormally high pressures is due to presently active generation of gas in a thick interval of discontinuous, very low-permeability shales, siltstones, and sandstones. - from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mountain Geologist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0027254X","usgsCitation":"Law, B.E., Spencer, C.W., and Bostick, N.H., 1980, Evaluation of organic matter, subsurface temperature and pressure with regard to gas generation in low-permeability Upper Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary sandstones in Pacific Creek area, Sublette and Sweetwater Counties, Wyoming.: Mountain Geologist, v. 17, no. 2, p. 23-35.","startPage":"23","endPage":"35","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221877,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ca6e4b0c8380cd52c38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Law, B. E.","contributorId":17586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Law","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spencer, C. W.","contributorId":65826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spencer","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bostick, N. H.","contributorId":67099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bostick","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012196,"text":"70012196 - 1980 - Comparison of bed form variance spectra within a meander bend during flood and average discharge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-23T00:48:57.127749","indexId":"70012196","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2450,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of bed form variance spectra within a meander bend during flood and average discharge","docAbstract":"Time series analysis of streambed elevation in a meander bend along the Congaree River was used to determine the changes in bed form population succeeding a 16-year flood event. Bed forms observed during the flood event had a significantly greater total height variance than bed forms observed at the same location one week later. Variance spectra were computed for a 595 m longitudinal profile. The data indicate that: a) the bed form variance for the flood record is significantly greater for all wavelengths from 5 to 30 m; b) no well-demarcated bed form classes were present during the survey times, pointing to the possible existence of a continuum of bed form sizes rather than well-defined classes; and c) bed forms produced by the flood discharge were rapidly altered as the stage returned toward average level.
Mass balance calculations are applied to observed chemical and isotopic data of three natural water systems involving carbonate reactions in order to define mineral stoichiometry of reactants and products, relative rates of reactions, and mass transfer. One study evaluates reactions in a lagoon on the east coast of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico.
","language":"English","publisher":"ASJ","doi":"10.2475/ajs.280.2.130","issn":"00029599","usgsCitation":"Plummer, N., and Back, W., 1980, The mass balance approach: application to interpreting the chemical evolution of hydrologic systems: American Journal of Science, v. 280, no. 2, p. 130-142, https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.280.2.130.","productDescription":"13 p. ","startPage":"130","endPage":"142","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488827,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.280.2.130","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":222059,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico ","otherGeospatial":"Yucatan Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.62597656249999,\n 18.114529138838503\n ],\n [\n -86.429443359375,\n 18.114529138838503\n ],\n [\n -86.429443359375,\n 22.471954507739227\n ],\n [\n -91.62597656249999,\n 22.471954507739227\n ],\n [\n -91.62597656249999,\n 18.114529138838503\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"280","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505badbee4b08c986b323dc6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":362957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Back, W.","contributorId":33839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Back","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012143,"text":"70012143 - 1980 - Visual classification of very fine-grained sediments: Evaluation through univariate and multivariate statistics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:03","indexId":"70012143","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2554,"text":"Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Visual classification of very fine-grained sediments: Evaluation through univariate and multivariate statistics","docAbstract":"Classifying very fine-grained rocks through fabric elements provides information about depositional environments, but is subject to the biases of visual taxonomy. To evaluate the statistical significance of an empirical classification of very fine-grained rocks, samples from Devonian shales in four cored wells in West Virginia and Virginia were measured for 15 variables: quartz, illite, pyrite and expandable clays determined by X-ray diffraction; total sulfur, organic content, inorganic carbon, matrix density, bulk density, porosity, silt, as well as density, sonic travel time, resistivity, and ??-ray response measured from well logs. The four lithologic types comprised: (1) sharply banded shale, (2) thinly laminated shale, (3) lenticularly laminated shale, and (4) nonbanded shale. Univariate and multivariate analyses of variance showed that the lithologic classification reflects significant differences for the variables measured, difference that can be detected independently of stratigraphic effects. Little-known statistical methods found useful in this work included: the multivariate analysis of variance with more than one effect, simultaneous plotting of samples and variables on canonical variates, and the use of parametric ANOVA and MANOVA on ranked data. ?? 1980 Plenum Publishing Corporation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF01034746","issn":"00205958","usgsCitation":"Hohn, M., Nuhfer, E., Vinopal, R., and Klanderman, D., 1980, Visual classification of very fine-grained sediments: Evaluation through univariate and multivariate statistics: Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology, v. 12, no. 6, p. 589-606, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01034746.","startPage":"589","endPage":"606","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222462,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205242,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01034746"}],"volume":"12","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc291e4b08c986b32ac11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hohn, M.","contributorId":92427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hohn","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nuhfer, E.B.","contributorId":89281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nuhfer","given":"E.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vinopal, R.J.","contributorId":13376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vinopal","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Klanderman, D.S.","contributorId":58397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klanderman","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70012111,"text":"70012111 - 1980 - Crystallization history of Kilauea Iki lava lake as seen in drill core recovered in 1967-1979","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:05","indexId":"70012111","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1093,"text":"Bulletin Volcanologique","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crystallization history of Kilauea Iki lava lake as seen in drill core recovered in 1967-1979","docAbstract":"Kilauea Iki lava lake formed during the 1959 summit eruption, one of the most picritic eruptions of Kilauea Volcano in the twentieth century. Since 1959 the 110 to 122 m thick lake has cooled slowly, developing steadily thickening upper and lower crusts, with a lens of more molten lava in between. Recent coring dates, with maximum depths reached in the center of the lake, are: 1967 (26.5 m). 1975 (44.2 m), 1976 (46.0 m) and 1979 (52.7 m). These depths define the base of the upper crust at the time of drilling. The bulk of the core consists of a gray, olivine-phyric basalt matrix, which locally contains coarser-grained diabasic segregation veins. The most important megascopic variation in the matrix rock is its variation in olivine content. The upper 15 m of crust is very olivine-rich. Abundance and average size of olivine decrease irregularly downward to 23 m; between 23 and 40 m the rock contains 5-10% of small olivine phenocrysts. Below 40 m. olivine content and average grainsize rise sharply. Olivine contents remain high (20-45%, by volume) throughout the lower crust, except for a narrow (< 6 m) olivine depleted zone near the basalt contact. Petrographically the olivine phenocrysts in Kilauea Iki can be divided into two types. Type 1 phenocrysts are large (1-12 mm long), with irregular blocky outlines, and often contain kink bands. Type 2 crystals are relatively small (0.5-2 mm in length), euhedral and undeformed. The variations in olivine content of the matrix rock are almost entirely variations in the amount of type 1 olivines. Sharp mineral layering of any sort is rare in Kilauea Iki. However, the depth range 41-52 m is marked by the frequent occurrence of steeply dipping (70??-90??) bands or bodies of slightly vuggy olivine-rich rock locally capped with a small cupola of segregation-vein material. In thin section there is clear evidence for relative movement of melt and crystals within these structures. The segregation veins occur only in the upper crust. The most widely distributed (occurring from 4.5-59.4 m) are thin veins (most < 5 cm thick), which cut the core at moderate angles and appear to have been derived from the immediately adjacent wall-rock by filter pressing. There is also a series of thicker (0.1-1.5 m) segregation veins, which recur every 2-3 m, between 20 and 52 m. These have subhorizontal contacts and appear, from similarities in thickness and spacing, to correlate between drill holes as much as 100 m apart. These large veins are not derived from the adjacent wallrock: their mechanism of formation is still problematical. The total thickness of segregation veins in Kilauea Iki is 3-6 m in the central part of the lake, corresponding to 6-11% of the upper crust. Whole-rock compositions for Kilauea Iki fall into two groups: the matrix rock ranges from 20-7.5% MgO, while the segregation veins all contain between 6.0 and 4.5% MgO. There are no whole-rock compositions of intermediate MgO content. Samples from < 12 m show eruption-controlled chemistry. Below that depth, matrix rock compositions have higher Al2O3, TiO2 and alkalies, and lower CaO and FeO, at a given MgO content than do the eruption pumices. The probable causes of this are assimilation of low-melting components from foundered crust, plus removal of olivine, plus removal of minor augite, for rocks with MgO contents of < 8.0%. Given the observed rate of growth of the upper crust, one can infer that significant removal of the type 1 olivine phenocrysts from the upper part of the lake began in 1963 and ceased sometime prior to 1972. The process. probably gravitative settling, appears to have been inhibited earlier by gas streaming from the lower part of the lens of melt. The olivine cumulate zone, which extends into the upper crust, contains relatively few (25-40%) olivine crystals, few of which actually touch each other. The diffuseness of the cumulate zone raises the possibility that the crystals were coated with a relatively visous boundary layer","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin Volcanologique","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF02600365","issn":"0366483X","usgsCitation":"Helz, R., 1980, Crystallization history of Kilauea Iki lava lake as seen in drill core recovered in 1967-1979: Bulletin Volcanologique, v. 43, no. 4, p. 675-701, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02600365.","startPage":"675","endPage":"701","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205176,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02600365"},{"id":221991,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd01e4b0c8380cd4e590","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helz, Rosalind Tuthill 0000-0003-1550-0684","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1550-0684","contributorId":16806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helz","given":"Rosalind Tuthill","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":362758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000461,"text":"1000461 - 1980 - Age and growth of rock bass in eastern Lake Ontario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:14","indexId":"1000461","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2866,"text":"New York Fish and Game Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age and growth of rock bass in eastern Lake Ontario","docAbstract":"To test the reliability of current techniques, five biologists appraised the ages of 200 quail from a random sample of wings collected during the 1952-53 hunting season in Alabama. Attempt was made to distinguish adults from juveniles, to ascertain the stage of post-nuptial and post-juvenile molts, and to estimate the age of juveniles according to days or weeks. Three 'problem' wings in this sample had molt characteristics somewhat eauallv divided between adult and juvenile classes; two wings called 'questionable' had all molt characteristics except one of either age group. A 3.5 per cent disparity occurred between investigators in their classification of adult and juvenile age groups. This included not only 'problem' and 'questionable' wings, but also 'obvious errors.' Individual differences were greater than 3.5 per cent but cancelled out. This study emphasizes the need of working with large samples of birds of a known age in order to know more concerning molt variations. Until aging techniques can be refined, it is believed that investigators should be fully familiar with existing methods and their weaknesses. Also, it appears important that reports on aging should indicate clearly the techniques used. ","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"New York Fish and Game Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"Wolfert, D.R., 1980, Age and growth of rock bass in eastern Lake Ontario: New York Fish and Game Journal, v. 27, no. 1, p. 88-90.","productDescription":"p. 88-90","startPage":"88","endPage":"90","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130282,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db6897d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolfert, David R.","contributorId":49305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfert","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012627,"text":"70012627 - 1980 - The composition, structure, and stability of guinier-preston zones in lunar and terrestrial orthopyroxene","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:04","indexId":"70012627","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3066,"text":"Physics and Chemistry of Minerals","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The composition, structure, and stability of guinier-preston zones in lunar and terrestrial orthopyroxene","docAbstract":"Lunar and terrestrial orthopyroxenes (Mg,Fe,Ca)2Si2O6 contain varying abundances of coherent, Ca-enriched Guinier-Preston (G.P.) zones. G.P. zones 5-6 unit cells thick have been found in one lunar sample whereas all other examples (lunar and terrestrial) are only one unit-cell-thick. Electron diffraction maxima from the larger lunar G.P. zones indicate that d100=18.52 A?? whereas, d100=18.2 A?? for the host. This increase in the a direction corresponds to an increase in calcium content in the G.P. zones over that of the host of ???25 mol% Ca2Si2O6. Diffraction patterns of the hk0 net from an area containing G.P. zones show extra spots (h=2 n+1) not observed in the host orthopyroxene (Pbca), that violate the a-glide of the host. The G.P. zones, therefore, have space group Pbc21 if it is assumed that the c-glide of pyroxene is retained and the space group of the G.P. zone is a subgroup of Pbca. The loss of the a-glide in the G.P. zones results in 4 distinct silica chains and 4 distinct cation sites M1A, M1B, M2A, M2B; by symmetry, equivalent M2A or M2B sites are clustered together in only one-half of the unit cell. As one-fourth of the divalent cations in the G.P. zones are calcium, ordering of Ca on M2A or M2B would produce a zone 9 A?? thick extended parallel to (100) with the composition of Ca(Mg,Fe)Si2O6, but constrained by the host to the structure of orthopyroxene. This zone and the Ca-poor half-unit-cell then constitute an 18 A?? thick G.P. zone. Heating experiments of varying duration indicate that the zones become unstable with respect to the host orthopyroxene at ???950??C for Wo0.6 and ???1,050??C for Wo2.5. The zones are interpreted in terms of the pyroxene subsolidus as a metastable phase having either a solvus relationship with orthopyroxene or originating as a distinct phase. The size, distribution, composition and structure of G.P. zones may be an important indicator of the low-temperature thermal history of orthopyroxene. ?? 1980 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physics and Chemistry of Minerals","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00311049","issn":"03421791","usgsCitation":"Nord, G.L., 1980, The composition, structure, and stability of guinier-preston zones in lunar and terrestrial orthopyroxene: Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, v. 6, no. 2, p. 109-128, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00311049.","startPage":"109","endPage":"128","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205270,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00311049"},{"id":222604,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa4ee4b08c986b3227c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nord, Gordon L. Jr.","contributorId":12498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nord","given":"Gordon","suffix":"Jr.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70164474,"text":"70164474 - 1980 - Earthquake prediction in the Soviet Union; an interview with I. L. Nersesov","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-22T12:24:23","indexId":"70164474","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquake prediction in the Soviet Union; an interview with I. L. Nersesov","docAbstract":"Dr. I. L. Nersesov is a seismologist with the Institute of Physics of the Earth, Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R., Moscow. He is one of the leaders in the Soviet national program of earthquake prediction.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Spall, H., 1980, Earthquake prediction in the Soviet Union; an interview with I. L. Nersesov: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 12, no. 2, p. 60-63.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"60","endPage":"63","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":316635,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b5d5d6e4b0cc79998171af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spall, H.","contributorId":99290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spall","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70169228,"text":"70169228 - 1980 - Tremors from earthquakes and blasting in the Powder River basin of Wyoming and Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-31T16:46:31","indexId":"70169228","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tremors from earthquakes and blasting in the Powder River basin of Wyoming and Montana","docAbstract":"Coal in the Powder River Basin of Wyoming and Montana (fig. 1) is greatly in demand. It can be economically mined from the surface, and the land is much easier to reclaim than land above underground mines that has been damaged by subsidence or by underground fires. Exploitation of the vast coals resources in the basin has caused a rapid influx of population into the area and an associated increase in building construction. The activity has also generated concern about possible regulation of development. With these facts in mind, the U.S Geological Survey has been investigating the geologic implications of development in the Powder River Basin. One area of study has been the effect of earth tremors caused by blasting in the large coal surface mines or by naturally occurring earthquakes.
\nThe basin proper was classified by Algermissen and Perkins (1976) as belonging to a region of low seismic risk. Naturally occurring earthquakes are, therefore, mainly of scientific interest, unless of course there was an isolated event that occurred near a populated area or a surface mine.
\nWe are not aware of any damage to people or to property caused by blasting in the coal surface mines even though thousands of tons of explosives are detonated each year in the basin. The maximum weight of an individual explosive charge and the time interval between blasts are regulated so that any nearby structures will not be damaged or the residents disturbed. Blasting, nevertheless, does produce seismic tremors that can be recorded over 200 kilometers away. In addition, at one mine, some very low order aftershocks were recorded relatively close to the source within 2 hours after blasting.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Miller, C., and Osterwald, F.W., 1980, Tremors from earthquakes and blasting in the Powder River basin of Wyoming and Montana: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 12, no. 6, p. 212-219.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"212","endPage":"219","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":319279,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana; Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.391845703125,\n 46.08085173686787\n ],\n [\n -105.8038330078125,\n 46.24824991289166\n ],\n [\n -106.2982177734375,\n 46.145588688591964\n ],\n [\n -106.7156982421875,\n 46.01222384063238\n ],\n [\n -107.083740234375,\n 45.836454050187726\n ],\n [\n -107.1826171875,\n 45.63324613981234\n ],\n [\n -107.2979736328125,\n 45.20139301126898\n ],\n [\n -107.1771240234375,\n 44.883120442385646\n ],\n [\n -107.1112060546875,\n 44.74673324024678\n ],\n [\n -106.820068359375,\n 44.17826452922576\n ],\n [\n -106.6607666015625,\n 43.137069765760344\n ],\n [\n -106.2872314453125,\n 42.72280375732727\n ],\n [\n -105.523681640625,\n 42.783307077249624\n ],\n [\n -104.4964599609375,\n 42.87596410238254\n ],\n [\n -104.26025390625,\n 43.16111586765961\n ],\n [\n -104.26025390625,\n 43.5843700152048\n ],\n [\n -105.0018310546875,\n 44.3002644115815\n ],\n [\n -105.1226806640625,\n 44.41808794374849\n ],\n [\n -105.1336669921875,\n 44.735027899515465\n ],\n [\n -104.83154296875,\n 45.042478050891546\n ],\n [\n -105.29296874999999,\n 46.03129569755731\n ],\n [\n -105.391845703125,\n 46.08085173686787\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f3be56e4b0f59b85e02f56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, C.H.","contributorId":19148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Osterwald, F. W.","contributorId":46950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osterwald","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70046176,"text":"70046176 - 1979 - Environment of ore deposition in the Creede mining district, San Juan Mountains, Colorado; Part IV, source of fluids, from oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon isotope studies","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":7888,"text":"ofr791243 - 1979 - Environment of ore deposition in the Creede Mining District, San Juan Mountains, Colorado: Part IV, Sources of fluids from oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon isotopic studies","indexId":"ofr791243","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"Environment of ore deposition in the Creede Mining District, San Juan Mountains, Colorado: Part IV, Sources of fluids from oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon isotopic studies"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70046176,"text":"70046176 - 1979 - Environment of ore deposition in the Creede mining district, San Juan Mountains, Colorado; Part IV, source of fluids, from oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon isotope studies","indexId":"70046176","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"Environment of ore deposition in the Creede mining district, San Juan Mountains, Colorado; Part IV, source of fluids, from oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon isotope studies"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-23T15:35:57.750823","indexId":"70046176","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environment of ore deposition in the Creede mining district, San Juan Mountains, Colorado; Part IV, source of fluids, from oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon isotope studies","docAbstract":"The hydrogen isotopic composition of fluids responsible for formation of the near-surface silver-base metal vein deposits at Creede was measured by direct analysis of inclusion fluids in sphalerite, quartz, and rhodochrosite and was estimated from analyses of illite and chlorite. The oxygen isotopic composition was determined directly on inclusion fluids in sphalerite and was estimated from analyses of quartz, illite, rhodochrosite, siderite, and adularia. The carbon isotopic composition was estimated from analyses of rhodochrosite and siderite. The ranges in isotopic composition for water and CO2 in the fluids associated with the formation of each of the minerals is given below (number of determinations given in parentheses):Mineral delta D (sub H2) O ppm delta 18 O (sub H2) O ppm delta 13 C (sub CO2) ppmSphalerite -81 to -54 (4) -10.1 to -4.5 (4)Quartz -97 to -86 (4) -5.9 to 1.8 (18)Illite -62 to -50 (8) -1.6 to 1.2(7)Chlorite -64 to -55 (10) -2.2 to 0.8 (10)Adularia 4.2 (1)Rhodochrosite -82 to -78 (2) 4.2 to 9.4 (9) -5.7 to -4.2 (9)Siderite 4.9 to 9.9 (6) -6.9 to -2.7 (6)The delta D (sub H2) O and delta 18 O (sub H2) O values of fluids associated with the formation of sphalerite, quartz, illite/chlorite, and carbonate minerals differ substantially from one another, and these differences appear to have been maintained throughout the depositional history, regardless of the positions of the minerals in the paragenetic sequence.The data suggest that waters from three coexisting reservoirs fed the vein system alternately and episodically during vein formation, and apparently there was little mixing of the fluids from the different reservoirs. The hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon isotope data suggest that the carbonate waters were deep seated, probably dominantly magmatic, in origin. The sphalerite and illite/chlorite waters must have been dominantly meteoric in origin and substantially oxygen shifted by exchange with the volcanic country rocks. The quartz waters were also oxygen shifted meteoric waters but were some 40 per mil lower in deuterium content than the sphalerite and illite/chlorite waters.We propose that the quartz fluids entered the vein system from reservoirs beneath the mountainous areas to the north in the vicinity of the present Continental Divide, but that the sphalerite and illite/chlorite fluids entered the vein system from a topographically low area to the south along the structural moat of the Creede caldera. The difference in delta D between the two meteoric waters may reflect differences in altitude of the recharge areas for the two reservoirs or may be clue to isotopic evolution of the closed-basin lake and interstitial waters in the moat surrounding the Creede caldera.","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.74.8.1832","usgsCitation":"Bethke, P.M., and Rye, R.O., 1979, Environment of ore deposition in the Creede mining district, San Juan Mountains, Colorado; Part IV, source of fluids, from oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon isotope studies: Economic Geology, v. 74, no. 8, p. 1832-1851, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.74.8.1832.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1832","endPage":"1851","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":272978,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"San Juan Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108.14,37.0 ], [ -108.14,38.2 ], [ -105.86,38.2 ], [ -105.86,37.0 ], [ -108.14,37.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"74","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1979-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51a72366e4b09db86f875ccd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bethke, P. M.","contributorId":32921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bethke","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rye, R. O.","contributorId":66208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70006963,"text":"70006963 - 1979 - Survival of one- and two-year-old monosex grass carp in small ponds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-13T01:01:54","indexId":"70006963","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T20:55:27","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival of one- and two-year-old monosex grass carp in small ponds","docAbstract":"Limited information has become available on the survival of monosex (female) grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) reared in earthen ponds. Monosex fish produced in 1975 (Stanley 1976) were reared 27 months in earthen ponds at the Fish Farming Experimental Station, Stuttgart, Arkansas. Periodic transfers of these fish to different ponds afforded the opportunity to obtain survival information. Thomas and Carter (1977) reported first-year survival percentages of 22.9 to 60.2% (average 34%) for fry stocked in six 0.1-ha ponds in June and July 1975 in a test of different stocking densities and pond conditions. Overall, of 31,887 3-mm fry stocked. 10,035 survived to reach the large fingerling stage (80-250 mm) when they were removed from the ponds in April 1976.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1979)41[38:SOOATM]2.0.CO;2","collaboration":"None","usgsCitation":"Thomas, A., Carter, R.R., and Greenland, D.C., 1979, Survival of one- and two-year-old monosex grass carp in small ponds: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 41, no. 1, p. 38-38, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1979)41[38:SOOATM]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"38","endPage":"38","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258426,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":258425,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1979)41[38:SOOATM]2.0.CO;2","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"41","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba2d6e4b08c986b31f9d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, A.E.","contributorId":27002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carter, Ray R.","contributorId":36879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Ray","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Greenland, Donald C.","contributorId":7214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenland","given":"Donald","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":355557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5221036,"text":"5221036 - 1979 - Observations on distribution, diet, and breeding of the Hawaiian thrush","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-25T13:04:32","indexId":"5221036","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:20","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observations on distribution, diet, and breeding of the Hawaiian thrush","docAbstract":"Distribution, breeding habits, and diet of the Hawaiian Thrush were recorded over seven years on the island of Hawaii. The range has been much reduced, with the result that today the species occupies approximately 30% of its former range, no longer being found in the Kohala Mountains or in the Kona area....Data on food preferences indicate the species subsists chiefly on fruits of native trees, when in season, and various insects. Comparison of present feeding habits with observations of earlier workers indicates that the diet has changed. This probably has been a consequence of the loss of suitable habitat at lower elevations....One of the earliest and latest daily singers in Hawaii, the Omao has a repertoire of at least three songs and a number of calls. The species exhibits courtship feeding. Five nests averaged 6.4 m from the ground; nesting materials include small twigs, leaves, grasses mosses, and fern pieces. For the first time the species was found to nest either in cavities or on protected platforms. One or two eggs, each marked with large lavender splotches, compose the clutch. Nestlings have flesh-colored skin, black down, and a bright yellow gape pattern. Time from building of the nest to fledging of the young is about 30 days, and the overall breeding season of the species extends at least from February to October. ","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/1367858","usgsCitation":"van Riper, C., and Scott, J.M., 1979, Observations on distribution, diet, and breeding of the Hawaiian thrush: The Condor, v. 81, no. 1, p. 65-71, https://doi.org/10.2307/1367858.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"65","endPage":"71","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194093,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db69647c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van Riper, Charles III 0000-0003-1084-5843 charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1084-5843","contributorId":169488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Riper","given":"Charles","suffix":"III","email":"charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":332906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, J. Michael","contributorId":98877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5221464,"text":"5221464 - 1979 - Acute oral and percutaneous toxicity of pesticides to mallards: Correlations with mammalian toxicity data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-12T14:40:53.627551","indexId":"5221464","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:37","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3612,"text":"Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acute oral and percutaneous toxicity of pesticides to mallards: Correlations with mammalian toxicity data","docAbstract":"Acute oral (po) and 24-hr percutaneous (perc) LD50 values for 21 common pesticides (19 anticholinesterases, of which 18 were organophosphates, and one was a carbamate; one was an organochlorine central nervous system stimulant; and one was an organonitrogen pneumotoxicant) were determined in mallards (Anas platyrhynchos). Three of the pesticides tested were more toxic percutaneously than orally. An index to the percutaneous hazard of a pesticide, the dermal toxicity index (DTI = po LD50/perc LD50 × 100), was also calculated for each pesticide. These toxicity values in mallards were compared with toxicity data for rats from the literature. Significant positive correlations were found between log po and log percutaneous LD50 values in mallards (r = 0.65, p < 0.01), between log po LD50 values in mallards and in rats (r = 0.71, p < 0.01), and between log DTI values in mallards and in rats (r = 0.52, p < 0.05). Percutaneous toxicity values were not significantly correlated between mallards and rats (r = 0.36, p > 0.10). Variations in percutaneous methodologies are discussed with reference to interspecies variation in toxicity values. It is recommended that a mammalian DTI value approaching 30 be used as a guideline for the initiation of percutaneous toxicity studies in birds, when the po LD50 and/or projected percutaneous LD50 are less than expected field exposure levels.
","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0041-008X(79)90515-5","usgsCitation":"Hudson, R.H., Haegele, M.A., and Tucker, R.K., 1979, Acute oral and percutaneous toxicity of pesticides to mallards: Correlations with mammalian toxicity data: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, v. 47, no. 3, p. 451-460, https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-008X(79)90515-5.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"451","endPage":"460","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198372,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699c3c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hudson, R. H.","contributorId":29534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haegele, M. A.","contributorId":107010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haegele","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tucker, R. K.","contributorId":96383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucker","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}