Avalanches of snow, firn and hydrothermally altered rock and mud have been released six times since 1958 from Sherman Peak, part of the crater rim south of the main summit of Mount Baker, Wash. The avalanches traveled nearly identical paths 2.0-2.6 km down Boulder Glacier on the east slope of the volcano. Debris from at least one past avalanche can be seen as a thin bed of acidic mud in the glacier terminus. Fumaroles. thermal springs, and areas of warm ground, some of which are subglacial, are concentrated in the crater and were mapped by aerial infrared thermography. The outgoing radiant flux per unit area from a cluster of infrared anomalies within 50-150 m of the avalanche source was estimated to be 319 W m-2 (7,620 μcal cm-2s-1 ) in November 1972, which is sufficient to account for observed ice perforations. In addition vapor emission, not apparent in thermography, was observed along the source margin after the avalanche of August 1973. The principal conditions that produce the avalanches are considered to be the large accumulation of snow and firn on top of hydrothermally altered clay-rich ground at Sherman Peak and the saturation near the ground-firn interface by melt water produced both by summer snow ablation and by geothermal emission. The periodic avalanches have a potential for impounding water in the crater in addition to ponded water already known to occur. Sudden release of impounded water could present a danger to the Boulder Creek valley below.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Frank, D., Post, A., and Friedman, J., 1975, Recurrent geothermally induced debris avalanches on Boulder Glacier, Mount Baker, Washington: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 3, no. 1, p. 77-87.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"77","endPage":"87","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":403398,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403397,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1975/vol3issue1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Boulder Glacier, Mount Baker","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.91116333007811,\n 48.73037931457286\n ],\n [\n -121.75048828124999,\n 48.73037931457286\n ],\n [\n -121.75048828124999,\n 48.828565527993234\n ],\n [\n -121.91116333007811,\n 48.828565527993234\n ],\n [\n -121.91116333007811,\n 48.73037931457286\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frank, David dfrank@usgs.gov","contributorId":170058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frank","given":"David","email":"dfrank@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":846214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Post, Austin","contributorId":90709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Post","given":"Austin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Friedman, Jules D.","contributorId":76757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Jules D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":25290,"text":"25290 - 1975 - Basic ground-water data for the Moscow Basin, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-17T13:47:30.991091","indexId":"25290","displayToPublicDate":"1975-01-01T10:59:44","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Basic ground-water data for the Moscow Basin, Idaho","docAbstract":"The Moscow basin encompasses an area of 65 square miles (170 square kilometres) in Latah County and borders the Idaho Washington State line (fig. 1). The basin is along the eastern edge of the \"Palouse Country\" where the rolling Palouse hills merge with the low mountains of northern Idaho. It is drained by the South Fork Palouse River, Paradise Creek, and Missouri Flat Creek, and their headwater tributaries.
All water supplies for the basin are derived from wells and springs. Virtually all large-capacity wells are owned by the City of Moscow and the University of Idaho. These wells are open to the basalt of the Columbia River Group and the interbedded sands in the Latah Formation (Stevens, 1960, p. 335; Jones and Ross, 1972, p. 12-13, fig. 4). Many domestic and a few commercial wells are also open to these same formations. Most of the City and University wells tap thick sections of these water-bearing formations. However, only about 25 percent of the total basin area is underlain by basalt. The approximate subsurface extent of the area underlain by basalt, as determined by well logs and geophysical data, is shown in figure 2.
The purpose of this report is to present basic geologic and hydrologic data that are available in the basin. Included are a table of well records, well logs, a table of annual ground-water withdrawals, water levels in observation wells, a contour map showing the approximate elevation of the water-level in the upper series of basalt flows and interbedded sediments in the southern part of the area (fig. 2), and a bibliography of the more important reports pertaining to ground water in the area. More than 90 percent of the wells tapping basalt were visited, but only a representative number of wells tapping other rocks were visited. Data that may have become available after December 1972 are not given except for water-level measurements made in March 1973.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/25290","issn":"0364-7064","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Idaho Department of Water Resources.","usgsCitation":"Crosthwaite, E.G., 1975, Basic ground-water data for the Moscow Basin, Idaho, Report: 96 p.; 1 Plate: 14.73 x 19.32 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/25290.","productDescription":"Report: 96 p.; 1 Plate: 14.73 x 19.32 inches","numberOfPages":"96","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":483444,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/25290/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":483443,"rank":2,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/25290/figure-2.pdf","text":"Figure 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":289621,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/25290/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","city":"Moscow","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.039698,46.710912 ], [ -117.039698,46.758882 ], [ -116.962068,46.758882 ], [ -116.962068,46.710912 ], [ -117.039698,46.710912 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53be6462e4b0527d5d4097a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crosthwaite, Emerson Gerald","contributorId":63315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crosthwaite","given":"Emerson","email":"","middleInitial":"Gerald","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70010184,"text":"70010184 - 1975 - Sandrewia, n. gen., a problematical plant from the Lower Permian of Texas and Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-16T14:16:59.487707","indexId":"70010184","displayToPublicDate":"1975-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3275,"text":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sandrewia, n. gen., a problematical plant from the Lower Permian of Texas and Kansas","docAbstract":"Sandrewia, n. gen., monotypified by S. texana, n. sp., is a plant from Lower Permian beds of north-central Texas and east-central Kansas. It is characterized by stout axes with spirally disposed, laxly inserted, petiolate leaves; the laminae are broadly flabelliform with coarse, open venation. The leaves are reminiscent of the vojnovskyalean Nephropsis, of the Permian Petchora Basin, U.S.S.R., but biologic relationships are only speculative because of limited material. However, leaf characteristics render Sandrewia easily identifiable. Its presently limited stratigraphic range, along with floristic associations, indicates it may be a useful guide fossil and supports the author's beliefs regarding important times and places in Paleozoic plant evolution.
Comparative elevations referred chiefly to a tidal bench mark with a history of relatively positive movement show that much of the Transverse Ranges of southern California sustained major changes in elevation both before and in association with the ML 6.4 San Fernando earthquake of February 9, 1971. Preseismic changes in elevation in the southern Transverse Ranges were almost uniformly positive and generally episodic. Maximum uplift measured between 1960/61 and 1968/69 was 0.205 m (observed) or 0.200 m (adjusted); it occurred about 30 km northeast of the 1971 epicenter. As much as 0.129 m (observed) of preseismic uplift was also measured about 30 km northwest of the epicenter between 1964 and 1968. A comparison between 1968 and 1969 elevation data revealed 0.078 m (observed) of differential uplift centered about 10 km west of the epicenter; earlier leveling indicates that this uplift began between February 1967 and May 1968. Changes in elevation measured during the interval 1968/69-71 (postearthquake) are interpreted as chiefly coseismic and were concentrated along a 15-km ruptured segment of the east-trending, north-dipping San Fernando fault. These changes were characterized by subsidence of as much as 0.111 m (observed) or 0.092 m (adjusted) south of the fault and a ridge of uplift of up to at least 2.195 m (observed) or 2.196 m (adjusted) immediately north of the fault.
The more episodic preseismic movements are interpretable as deep-seated creep events on the San Fernando fault. Alternatively, these episodic movements may be due partly to the operation of dilatancy; the onset of the 196849 epicentral uplift accords closely with the initiation of a Vp/Vs anomaly recognized in this same area. The 1968/69-71 elevation changes can be attributed almost entirely to slip on the San Fernando fault.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(75)90138-9","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Castle, R.O., Church, J.P., Elliot, M.R., and Morrison, N.L., 1975, Vertical crustal movements preceding and accompanying the San Fernando earthquake of February 9, 1971: A summary: Tectonophysics, v. 29, no. 1-4, p. 127-140, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(75)90138-9.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"127","endPage":"140","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219504,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.66607666015624,\n 34.79576153473033\n ],\n [\n -118.72650146484374,\n 34.807038111521614\n ],\n [\n -118.85833740234375,\n 34.77094763658632\n ],\n [\n -118.97918701171874,\n 34.72129745316466\n ],\n [\n -119.14398193359375,\n 34.63094797335811\n ],\n [\n -119.25933837890624,\n 34.513346401475786\n ],\n [\n -119.31427001953125,\n 34.384246040152185\n ],\n [\n -119.33898925781251,\n 34.29353023058858\n ],\n [\n -119.3115234375,\n 34.252676117101515\n ],\n [\n -119.2840576171875,\n 34.20271636159618\n ],\n [\n -119.22637939453124,\n 34.13226824445654\n ],\n [\n -119.14947509765624,\n 34.07768740409027\n ],\n [\n -119.07806396484375,\n 34.04583232505719\n ],\n [\n -118.99291992187499,\n 34.03672867489511\n ],\n [\n -118.83911132812499,\n 33.97980872872457\n ],\n [\n -118.7841796875,\n 33.99119576995599\n ],\n [\n -118.72650146484374,\n 34.00713506435885\n ],\n [\n -118.58642578124999,\n 34.023071367612125\n ],\n [\n -118.50677490234375,\n 34.0094118622566\n ],\n [\n -118.47930908203124,\n 33.96614226559745\n ],\n [\n -118.42437744140625,\n 33.88865750124075\n ],\n [\n -118.4051513671875,\n 33.827075293445986\n ],\n [\n -118.45458984375,\n 33.779147331286474\n ],\n [\n -118.4271240234375,\n 33.7243396617476\n ],\n [\n -118.30078125,\n 33.701492795584365\n ],\n [\n -118.2513427734375,\n 33.696922692957685\n ],\n [\n -118.17993164062499,\n 33.71977077483141\n ],\n [\n -118.114013671875,\n 33.754031498216385\n ],\n [\n -118.01788330078125,\n 33.865854454071865\n ],\n [\n -117.83935546874999,\n 34.00258128543371\n ],\n [\n -117.80364990234375,\n 34.1890858311724\n ],\n [\n -117.83111572265625,\n 34.37291193073771\n ],\n [\n -117.96844482421875,\n 34.472599425831355\n ],\n [\n -118.11126708984375,\n 34.59251960889388\n ],\n [\n -118.30902099609374,\n 34.66032236481892\n ],\n [\n -118.51776123046875,\n 34.7461262752594\n ],\n [\n -118.66607666015624,\n 34.79576153473033\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc231e4b08c986b32a9ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Castle, Robert O.","contributorId":22741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castle","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Church, Jack P.","contributorId":6480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elliot, Michael R.","contributorId":189355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliot","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morrison, Nancy L.","contributorId":82055,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morrison","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70156983,"text":"70156983 - 1975 - Principal facts for gravity stations in the Rat Islands and Delarof Islands and Tanaga Island, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-12T16:01:55","indexId":"70156983","displayToPublicDate":"1975-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Principal facts for gravity stations in the Rat Islands and Delarof Islands and Tanaga Island, Alaska","docAbstract":"Gravity observations were made both east and west of the international dateline in the Aleutian Islands during 1970. A total of 280 gravity observations were made in the Rat Islands to the west and the Delarof Islands and Tanaga Island to the east. The principal facts and explanatory information for these data are included herein. These data have not been adjusted to the 1971 International Gravity Standardization Network datum.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70156983","usgsCitation":"Healey, D., 1975, Principal facts for gravity stations in the Rat Islands and Delarof Islands and Tanaga Island, Alaska, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70156983.","productDescription":"16 p.","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":307891,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr474212.JPG"},{"id":308557,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70156983/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3,306 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Rat Islands, Delarof Islands, Tanaga Island, Aleutian Islands","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55f7efc0e4b05d6c4e4fa98a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Healey, D.L.","contributorId":52964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healey","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":571296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1001292,"text":"1001292 - 1975 - A spring aerial census of red foxes in North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-18T17:55:59.399749","indexId":"1001292","displayToPublicDate":"1975-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A spring aerial census of red foxes in North Dakota","docAbstract":"Systematic aerial searches were flown on transects to locate adult red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), pups, and rearing dens on 559.4 km2 (six townships) in eastern North Dakota during mid-May and mid-June each year from 1969 through 1973 and during mid-April 1969 and early May 1970. The combined sightings of foxes and fox dens from the mid-May and mid-June searches were used to identify individual fox families. The number of fox families was used as the measurement of density. Dens, highly visible during the mid-May searches, were the most reliable family indicator; 84 percent of 270 families identified during the study were represented by dens. Adult foxes second in importance, were most observable during the mid-May searches when 20 to 35 percent of those estimated to be available were sighted. Adult sightings during other search periods ranged from 4 to 17 percent of those available. Pup sightings were the most variable family indicator, but they led to the discovery of some dens. Sources of error for which adjustment factors were determined are: den moves exceeding criterion established for the spacing of dens in a single family, overestimation of the number of fox families living near township boundaries, and the percentage of fox families overlooked during the aerial searches. These adjustment factors appeared to be largely compensatory.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3800462","usgsCitation":"Sargeant, A., Pfeifer, W., and Allen, S., 1975, A spring aerial census of red foxes in North Dakota: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 39, no. 1, p. 30-39, https://doi.org/10.2307/3800462.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"30","endPage":"39","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133727,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North 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Dakota\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"39","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a48e4b07f02db623233","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sargeant, A.B.","contributorId":13171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sargeant","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pfeifer, W.K.","contributorId":55788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pfeifer","given":"W.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allen, S.H.","contributorId":17570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":4835,"text":"pp889 - 1975 - Precambrian and Lower Ordovician rocks in east-central Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-14T20:39:02.469727","indexId":"pp889","displayToPublicDate":"1975-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"889","title":"Precambrian and Lower Ordovician rocks in east-central Idaho","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp889","usgsCitation":"Ruppel, E.T., Ross, R.J., and Schleicher, D., 1975, Precambrian and Lower Ordovician rocks in east-central Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 889, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp889.","productDescription":"34 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":416869,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_92959.htm","text":"Precambrian Z and Lower Ordovician rocks in east-central Idaho","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":416867,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_92954.htm","text":"Precambrian Y sedimentary rocks in east-central Idaho","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":121703,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0889/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31773,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0889/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.6947,\n 46.1411\n ],\n [\n -114.6947,\n 43.4708\n ],\n [\n -112.3222,\n 43.4708\n ],\n [\n -112.3222,\n 46.1411\n ],\n [\n -114.6947,\n 46.1411\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad1e4b07f02db681171","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruppel, Edward Thompson","contributorId":67066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppel","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"Thompson","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ross, R. J. Jr.","contributorId":83910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schleicher, David","contributorId":49350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schleicher","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":15462,"text":"ofr75249 - 1975 - Dynamics of turbidity plumes in Lake Ontario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-07T21:08:10.580039","indexId":"ofr75249","displayToPublicDate":"1975-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-249","title":"Dynamics of turbidity plumes in Lake Ontario","docAbstract":"Large-turbidity features along the 275-kilometre long south shore of Lake Ontario were analyzed using LANDSAT-1 images. The ESIAC system developed by the Stanford Research Institute, was used to obtain enlargements and false-color renditions of turbidity plumes. After projection on a video screen, individual turbidity features were analyzed, mapped, and photographed.
The Niagara River plume, as much as 500 square kilometres in area, is by far, the largest turbidity feature in the lake. Based on image tonal comparisons, turbidity in the Welland Canal is usually higher than that in any other watercourse discharging into the lake throughout the shipping season. Somewhat less turbid water enters the lake from the Port Dalhousie diversion channel and the Genesee River. Relatively clear water resulting from the deposition of suspended matter in numerous upstream lakes is discharged by the Niagara and Oswego rivers.
Plume analysis corroborates the presence of a prevailing eastward flowing longshore current along the entire south shore. This current is most persistent at the Oswego River outlet but is quite variable in the Rochester embayment, where rapid shifts in water movement were occasionally detected in LANDSAT images. The position of the spring thermal bar, a zone, of maximum density water corresponding to the 4°C isotherm, was approximately located in images obtained during April 1973. Although eastward moving currents were detected on the inshore side of the thermal bar, westward moving counter currents seem to be dominant along its offshore side.
Plumes generated by beach erosion were readily detected in the images. Such areas are identified by light to very light, long, narrow plumes paralleling the coastline. Extensive areas of the south shore are subject to erosion, but the most severely affected beaches are situated between Fifty Mile Pt., Ontario and Thirty Mile Pt., N.Y., along the Rochester embayment, and between Sodus Bay and Nine Mile Pt.
Color illustrations of figure accession numbers EDC-010077 to EDC-010106 are available for purchase from the EROS Data Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57198.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr75249","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Aeronautics Space Administration/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland","usgsCitation":"Pluhowski, E.J., 1975, Dynamics of turbidity plumes in Lake Ontario: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-249, Report: ix, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr75249.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 59 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149041,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0249/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":462666,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0249/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Ontario","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.99172224212556,\n 45.15721980352575\n ],\n [\n -80.99172224212556,\n 42.37218583599275\n ],\n [\n -74.39757490950474,\n 42.37218583599275\n ],\n [\n -74.39757490950474,\n 45.15721980352575\n ],\n [\n -80.99172224212556,\n 45.15721980352575\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a59e4b07f02db62f706","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pluhowski, Edward J.","contributorId":87911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pluhowski","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":14776,"text":"ofr75348 - 1975 - Geothermal significance of eastward increase in age of upper Cenozoic rhyolitic domes in southeastern Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-07T15:27:33.009878","indexId":"ofr75348","displayToPublicDate":"1974-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"75-348","title":"Geothermal significance of eastward increase in age of upper Cenozoic rhyolitic domes in southeastern Oregon","docAbstract":"Rhyolitic domes, flows, and ash-flow tuffs of Miocene to Holocene age form an important part of the thick sequence of Cenozoic volcanic rocks that cover southeastern Oregon east of the Cascade Range. Rhyolitic domes 11-17 m.y. old are widespread, particularly in the easternmost part of the state and in adjacent parts of Idaho and Nevada. Domes younger than 11 m.y. occur principally in two 250-km-long belts that trend N. 75° W. On the basis of 47 K/Ar radiometric dates, the rhyolitic domes in and between these belts show a remarkably well defined monotonic age progression from less than 1 m.y. old in the west to about 10 m.y. old on the east. The progression in age of the domes is sufficiently well defined that the ages of the domes can be smoothly contoured and the age of most undated domes can be estimated to within 1 m.y. The age contours are oblique to the trend of the two belts; domes younger than 4 m.y. occur only in and near the northern belt. The rate of progression is about 1 cm/yr for domes younger than about 5 m.y. and 3 cm/yr for domes 5-10 m.y. old. The change in rate of progression about 5 m.y. ago is accompanied by a change in orientation of the age contours and in area of outcrop. Inferred vents for dated rhyolitic ash-flow tuffs younger than 10 m.y. are located in areas where domes are approximately the same age as the tuffs and thus also fit the age progression.
Most electric-power-producing geothermal fields in the world occur in or proximal to areas of young silicic volcanic rocks. On the basis of the well-defined age progression of rhyolitic domes in southeastern Oregon, silicic intrusive bodies sufficiently young to be heat sources for geothermal systems are likely only in the vicinity of Newberry Volcano at the west end of the northern belt of domes.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr75348","usgsCitation":"MacLeod, N.S., Walker, G.W., and McKee, E.H., 1975, Geothermal significance of eastward increase in age of upper Cenozoic rhyolitic domes in southeastern Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-348, ii, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr75348.","productDescription":"ii, 22 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148828,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0348/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":403155,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1975/0348/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.805419921875,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -117.02636718749999,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -117.02636718749999,\n 44.08758502824516\n ],\n [\n -121.805419921875,\n 44.08758502824516\n ],\n [\n -121.805419921875,\n 42.00032514831621\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67af18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacLeod, Norman S.","contributorId":13643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacLeod","given":"Norman","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walker, George Walton","contributorId":14801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"Walton","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKee, Edwin H. mckee@usgs.gov","contributorId":3728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Edwin","email":"mckee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":169984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70047677,"text":"70047677 - 1974 - Digital-model study of ground-water hydrology, Columbia Basin Irrigation Project Area, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-19T10:53:50","indexId":"70047677","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T10:24:04","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":148,"text":"Water Supply Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"40","title":"Digital-model study of ground-water hydrology, Columbia Basin Irrigation Project Area, Washington","docAbstract":"Since 1952 water diverted from the Columbia River at Grand Coulee Dam has been used to irrigate parts of the Columbia Basin Irrigation Project area in eastern Washington, and as a result ground-water levels generally have risen in the area. The rapid increases in ground-water inflow, outflow, and storage from irrigation have created a need for a better understanding of the ground-water system before and after the start of irrigation to establish guidelines necessary for management of the area's ground-water resource. Data and information from previous geologic and hydrologic studies were used as a basis for quantitative analyses of ground-water inflow and outflow by means of digital computer models representing three major areas--Quincy Basin, Pasco Basin, and Royal Slope.","language":"English","publisher":"Washington State Department of Ecology","publisherLocation":"Olympia, WA","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Tanaka, H., Hansen, A.J., and Skrivan, J., 1974, Digital-model study of ground-water hydrology, Columbia Basin Irrigation Project Area, Washington: Water Supply Bulletin 40, iv, 60 p.","productDescription":"iv, 60 p.","numberOfPages":"75","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":276743,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/eap/wsb/pdfs/WSB_40_Book.pdf"},{"id":276744,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70047677.JPG"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125.0,45.0 ], [ -125.0,49.0 ], [ -117.0,49.0 ], [ -117.0,45.0 ], [ -125.0,45.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52136e32e4b0b08f446198c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tanaka, H.H.","contributorId":30610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanaka","given":"H.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansen, A. J. Jr.","contributorId":29840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"A.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Skrivan, J.A.","contributorId":107743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skrivan","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70047713,"text":"70047713 - 1974 - The availability of water in the Little Lost River Basin, Idaho","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":52641,"text":"ofr67268 - 1967 - A reexamination of water yield in the Little Lost River basin, Idaho","indexId":"ofr67268","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"title":"A reexamination of water yield in the Little Lost River basin, Idaho"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70047713,"text":"70047713 - 1974 - The availability of water in the Little Lost River Basin, Idaho","indexId":"70047713","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"title":"The availability of water in the Little Lost River Basin, Idaho"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-28T17:25:02.955253","indexId":"70047713","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T10:17:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":141,"text":"Water Information Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"37","title":"The availability of water in the Little Lost River Basin, Idaho","docAbstract":"The Little Lost River basin, an elongated, northwest trending structurally formed intermontane valley, drains an area of about 900 square miles into a closed depression near the northwestern edge of the Snake River Plain. Runoff from snowmelt and rainfall on the Lost River Range on the west and the Lemhi Range on the east maintains the flow of the Little Lost River, and recharges the ground-water reservoir, Both mountain ranges are complexly faulted and are underlain by a variety of rocks, dominantly limestone, of Paleozoic age The principal aquifers are highly transmissive alluvial fill in the middle and upper valley and alluvial fill interfingered with basalt in the southernmost part of the valley.","language":"English","publisher":"Idaho Department of Water Resources","publisherLocation":"Boise, ID","collaboration":"Prepared by the United States Geological Survey in cooperation with ldaho Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Clebsch, A., Waite, H., and Decker, S., 1974, The availability of water in the Little Lost River Basin, Idaho: Water Information Bulletin 37, vii, 60 p.; Maps: 2 Sheets.","productDescription":"vii, 60 p.; Maps: 2 Sheets","numberOfPages":"70","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":276797,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70047713.JPG"},{"id":396567,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://idwr.idaho.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/publications/wib37-little-lost-river-basin.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.24,41.99 ], [ -117.24,49.0 ], [ -111.04,49.0 ], [ -111.04,41.99 ], [ -117.24,41.99 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52148fe6e4b06d85e08fb528","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clebsch, Alfred Jr.","contributorId":27886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clebsch","given":"Alfred","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waite, H.A.","contributorId":58336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"H.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Decker, S.O.","contributorId":101692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Decker","given":"S.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70042518,"text":"70042518 - 1974 - Structural framework of United States Atlantic outer continental shelf north of Cape Hatteras","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":17561,"text":"ofr73181 - 1973 - A preliminary report on U.S. Geological Survey geophysical studies of the northeastern United States Outer Continental Shelf","indexId":"ofr73181","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"title":"A preliminary report on U.S. Geological Survey geophysical studies of the northeastern United States Outer Continental Shelf"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70042518,"text":"70042518 - 1974 - Structural framework of United States Atlantic outer continental shelf north of Cape Hatteras","indexId":"70042518","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"title":"Structural framework of United States Atlantic outer continental shelf north of Cape Hatteras"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-25T16:55:54.317347","indexId":"70042518","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structural framework of United States Atlantic outer continental shelf north of Cape Hatteras","docAbstract":"To assess the area’s hydrocarbon potential, regional geologic and geophysical studies are being conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey to determine the structural framework of the United States Atlantic outer continental shelf (AOCS) north of Cape Hatteras. Preliminary interpretations of geophysical data suggest that the buried ridge under the eastern edge of the AOCS in the Baltimore Canyon trough area is deeper and farther west than previously suspected. Although it is not observed under the seaward extension of the Cape Fear arch, this ridge can be traced from the south side of the Baltimore Canyon trough northeastward toward the eastern edge of the Georges Bank trough. In the Baltimore Canyon trough area, the ridge seems to be fault controlled and to form the eastern edge of a Mesozoic depocenter in which approximately 12 km of relatively undisturbed post-Paleozoic sediments accumulated. Below a depth of 6 km, rocks previously considered to be crystalline basement instead may be carbonate and/or evaporite sequences of Jurassic age or older which overlie an even deeper crystalline basement. More than 8 km of sediments are present beneath the continental shelf on Georges Bank. The preliminary regional geophysical studies indicate that thick marine sedimentary sections and geologic structures favorable for the accumulation of petroleum apparently exist under the AOCS off the northeastern part of the United States.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","doi":"10.1306/83D91641-16C7-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Mattick, R., Foote, R.Q., Weaver, N.L., and Grim, M.S., 1974, Structural framework of United States Atlantic outer continental shelf north of Cape Hatteras: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 58, no. 6, p. 1179-1190, https://doi.org/10.1306/83D91641-16C7-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1179","endPage":"1190","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265528,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Atlantic outer continental shelf","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.0,25.0 ], [ -84.0,47.5 ], [ -60.0,47.5 ], [ -60.0,25.0 ], [ -84.0,25.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"58","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50f7da2fe4b0faa3ef21ec50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mattick, R.E.","contributorId":85162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattick","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foote, R. Q.","contributorId":6871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foote","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Q.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weaver, N. L.","contributorId":86359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grim, M. S.","contributorId":102884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grim","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70042609,"text":"70042609 - 1974 - Geology and mineral deposits of Churchill County, Nevada","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":16546,"text":"ofr68329 - 1968 - Geology and mineral deposits of Churchill County, Nevada","indexId":"ofr68329","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and mineral deposits of Churchill County, Nevada"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70042609,"text":"70042609 - 1974 - Geology and mineral deposits of Churchill County, Nevada","indexId":"70042609","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and mineral deposits of Churchill County, Nevada"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-10T15:07:26","indexId":"70042609","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":268,"text":"NBMG Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"83","title":"Geology and mineral deposits of Churchill County, Nevada","docAbstract":"Churchill County, in west-central Nevada, is an area of varied topography and geology that has had a rather small total mineral production. The western part of the county is dominated by the broad low valley of the Carson Sink, which is underlain by deposits of Lake Lahontan. The bordering mountain ranges to the west and south are of low relief and underlain largely by Tertiary volcanic and sedimentary units. Pre-Tertiary rocks are extensively exposed east of the Carson Sink in the Stillwater Range, Clan Alpine Mountains, Augusta Mountains, and New Pass Mountains. The eastern valleys are underlain by Quaternary alluvial and lacustrine deposits contemporaneous with the western deposits of Lake Lahontan. The eastern mountain ranges are more rugged than the western ranges and have higher relief; the eastern valleys are generally narrower.","language":"English","publisher":"Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology","publisherLocation":"Reno, NV","usgsCitation":"Willden, R., and Speed, R.C., 1974, Geology and mineral deposits of Churchill County, Nevada: NBMG Bulletin 83, vii, 95 p.","productDescription":"vii, 95 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"95","numberOfPages":"102","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265675,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":265674,"type":{"id":1,"text":"Abstract"},"url":"https://www.nbmg.unr.edu/sales/davescans/bull83.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Churchill County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.2261,39.0733 ], [ -119.2261,40.0026 ], [ -117.4613,40.0026 ], [ -117.4613,39.0733 ], [ -119.2261,39.0733 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50f53707e4b0114312ab0216","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Willden, Ronald","contributorId":107368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willden","given":"Ronald","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Speed, Robert C.","contributorId":69998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Speed","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5221208,"text":"5221208 - 1974 - Residues of organochlorine pesticides, mercury, and PCB's in mourning doves from eastern United States--1970-71","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-20T12:42:49","indexId":"5221208","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:57","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3038,"text":"Pesticides Monitoring Journal","onlineIssn":" 0031-615","printIssn":" 0031-615","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Residues of organochlorine pesticides, mercury, and PCB's in mourning doves from eastern United States--1970-71","docAbstract":"Mourning dove (Zenaidura macroura) breast muscle samples from birds collected in 1970-71 from Rhode Island, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Missouri, Kentucky, Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Florida were found to contain residues of DDT, DDE, DDD, polychlorinated biphenyls, dieldrin, mirex, mercury, and heptachlor epoxide in amounts not considered hazardous to consumers, human or nonhuman. There were 145 birds involved, 7 to 10 from each State. Residues of DDT plus DDE plus DDD averaged 5.83 ppm lipid weight (0.068 ppm wet weight); those of PCB's, 9.75 ppm lipid weight (0.121 ppm wet weight); compounds were found in all birds. Heptachlor epoxide and dieldrin were found in little more than trace amounts: heptachlor in all birds, dieldrin in 73. Mirex was found only in birds from South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, averaging 4.32 ppm lipid weight (0.046 ppm wet weight) in eight birds. Less than 0.05 ppm (wet weight) mercury was found in all birds except 10, in which it ranged from 0.07 to 0.67 ppm. The 10 were from Rhode Island, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, Tennessee, and Alabama.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pesticides Monitoring Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Kreitzer, J., 1974, Residues of organochlorine pesticides, mercury, and PCB's in mourning doves from eastern United States--1970-71: Pesticides Monitoring Journal, v. 7, no. 3/4, p. 195-199.","productDescription":"195-199","startPage":"195","endPage":"199","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196903,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269737,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/26095505"}],"volume":"7","issue":"3/4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605d69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kreitzer, J.F.","contributorId":57170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kreitzer","given":"J.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5221217,"text":"5221217 - 1974 - Chlorinated hydrocarbon and mercury residues in woodcock in the United States, 1970-71","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-20T13:11:02","indexId":"5221217","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:57","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3038,"text":"Pesticides Monitoring Journal","onlineIssn":" 0031-615","printIssn":" 0031-615","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chlorinated hydrocarbon and mercury residues in woodcock in the United States, 1970-71","docAbstract":"During Late 1970 and early 1971, 229 woodcock (Philohela minor) were collected from 23 Eastern and Midwestern States. Analyses for chlorinated hydrocarbons and mercury in these migratory birds showed generally low levels which are not considered dangerous to human consumers. In this survey, Louisiana woodcock had lower residues of heptachlor epoxide and DDE than those tested in a 1965 survey. PCB levels, however, may have increased. Mirex levels were greatest in Mississipi and Louisiana woodcock. Pooling of birds and averaging of individually analyzed birds did not provide equivalent estimates of equivalent residues; pool values tended to be larger and more variable. Levels of six chlorinated hydrocarbons and mercury were negatively correlated with the latitude of the collection site. However, this relationship seemed weakest for PCB's. Among eight chemical residues, PCB levels were most often correlated with levels of the other seven. Levels of chlorinated hydrocarbons in wings were correlated with levels in breast muscle and in carcass; however, mean levels of certain residues differed significantly among wing, muscle, and carcass even when compared on a lipid basis.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pesticides Monitoring Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Clark, D.R., and McLane, M.A., 1974, Chlorinated hydrocarbon and mercury residues in woodcock in the United States, 1970-71: Pesticides Monitoring Journal, v. 8, no. 1, p. 15-22.","productDescription":"15-22","startPage":"15","endPage":"22","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193529,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269756,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/26095565"}],"volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dde4b07f02db5e2165","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, D. R. Jr.","contributorId":40928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"D.","suffix":"Jr.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McLane, M. Anne Ross","contributorId":107799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLane","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Anne Ross","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5222378,"text":"5222378 - 1974 - Progress report on the North American Breeding Bird Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:42","indexId":"5222378","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:57","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":641,"text":"Acta Ornithologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Progress report on the North American Breeding Bird Survey","docAbstract":"The Breeding Bird Survey has been monitoring bird population changes in the U.S.A. and Canada since 1966. Each cooperator makes 50 3-minute stops at 0.8-km intervals along randomly selected roadside routes in 4 to 4 1/2 hours on one morning in June of each year. Data from the 1500 to 1600 routes are entered on magnetic tape, edited for accuracy, and then used for statistical analysis of population change at four geographic levels: physiographic region; state or province; region (eastern, central and western); and the continent. Examples of use of the data are: (1) detection of year-to-year changes in continental or rcgional populations; (2) use of population indices to show long-term population changes; (3) range expansion and contraction at the state level, including some of the reasons for those changes and documenting the associated population shifts within the original range; (4) mapping distribution and relative abundance on either a state, regional or continental scale; (5) mapping changes in abundance; and(6) comparing breeding with winter distribution. Future potential uses will include estimates of total continental populations and indices of environmental quality.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Acta Ornithologica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Proceedings of the fourth meeting of the International Bird Census Committee and second meeting of the European Ornithological Atlas Committee / editors, J. Pinowski and K. Williamson, held 1972, Warsaw, Poland","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C., and Van Velzen, W., 1974, Progress report on the North American Breeding Bird Survey: Acta Ornithologica, v. 14, no. 8, p. 170-191.","productDescription":"170-191","startPage":"170","endPage":"191","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197538,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65dce1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Velzen, W.T.","contributorId":72080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Velzen","given":"W.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010047,"text":"70010047 - 1974 - An Anvilian (early pleistocene) marine fauna from western Seward Peninsula, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-11T16:25:08.944253","indexId":"70010047","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An Anvilian (early pleistocene) marine fauna from western Seward Peninsula, Alaska","docAbstract":"Cover sediments of the York Terrace exposed near the California River, western Seward Peninsula, Alaska, yield mollusks, ostracodes, and foraminifera that lived during the Anvilian transgression of early Pleistocene age. The fossiliferous sediments lie at the inner edge of the York Terrace, a deformed wave-cut platform that extends eastward from Bering Strait along much of the southern coast of Seward Peninsula. The seaward margin is truncated by the little-deformed Lost River Terrace, carved during the Pelukian (Sangamonian) transgression. The early Pleistocene sediments seem to have been deposited between the first and second of four glaciations for which evidence can be found in the California River area.
The California River fauna includes several extinct species and several species now confined to areas as remote as the northwestern Pacific and north Atlantic. The fauna probably lived in water temperatures much like those of the present time but deeper water on the Bering Shelf is suggested.
The presence of an early Pleistocene fauna at the inner edge of the York Terrace at California River shows that the terrace was largely carved before and during early Pleistocene time. However, a marine fauna apparently of middle Pleistocene age is found on the York Terrace near Cassiterite Peak, and this seems to indicate that the terrace remained low until middle Pleistocene time. Uplift of the York Terrace probably was accompanied by uplift of Bering Strait. The strait may have been deeper, and there may have been no land bridge between the Seward Peninsula of Alaksa and the Chukotka Peninsula of Siberia during most of early and middle Pleistocene time.
A water-quality reconnaissance study of the Big Bear Lake area in southern California was made by the U.S. Geological Survey from April 1972 through April 1973. The primary purpose of the study was to measure the concentration and distribution of selected primary nutrients, organic carbon, dissolved oxygen, phytoplankton, and water temperature in the lake. Estimates of the nitrogen, phosphorus, and silica loading to the lake from surface-water tributaries and precipitation were also made.
Results of the study indicate that Big Bear Lake is moderately eutrophic, at least in regard to nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic content. Nitrate was found in either trace concentrations or below detectable limits; however, ammonia nitrogen was usually detected in concentrations greater than 0.05 milligrams per liter. Orthophosphate phosphorus was detected in mean concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 0.05 milligrams per liter. Organic nitrogen and phosphorus were also detected in measurable concentrations.
Seasonal levels of dissolved oxygen indicated that the nutrients and other controlling factors were optimum for relatively high primary productivity. However, production varied both seasonally and areally in the lake. Primary productivity seemed highest in the eastern and middle parts of the lake. The middle and western parts of the lake exhibited severe oxygen deficits in the deeper water during the warmer summer months of June and July 1972.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri743","usgsCitation":"Irwin, G.A., and Lemons, M., 1974, A water-quality reconnaissance of Big Bear Lake, San Bernardino County, California, 1972-1973: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 74-3, v, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri743.","productDescription":"v, 40 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158611,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1974/0003/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":358908,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1974/0003/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Bernardino County","otherGeospatial":"Big Bear Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.00714111328125,\n 34.214357361365884\n ],\n [\n -116.8234634399414,\n 34.214357361365884\n ],\n [\n -116.8234634399414,\n 34.29636658456932\n ],\n [\n -117.00714111328125,\n 34.29636658456932\n ],\n [\n -117.00714111328125,\n 34.214357361365884\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4d87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Irwin, George A.","contributorId":35363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lemons, Michael","contributorId":24390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemons","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":14686,"text":"ofr7439 - 1974 - Hydrology of the Dismal Swamp, Virginia-North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-23T00:04:19.391593","indexId":"ofr7439","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-39","title":"Hydrology of the Dismal Swamp, Virginia-North Carolina","docAbstract":"The Dismal Swamp, on the border between eastern Virginia and North Carolina is one of the few remaining large (approximately 210,000 acres) areas of wet wilderness in the eastern United States. There has been much speculation concerning the hydrologic conditions that led to the formation of the swamp.
Oaks and Coch (1973) recently completed a detailed investigation of the geology and morphology of the area. An analysis of their geology and the pollen work of Whitehead (1972) has lead the authors to the following hypothesis concerning the hydrologic conditions that led to the formation of the peat in the swamp.
A permeable sand facies of the Norfolk Formation underlies Dismal Swamp. This facies was originally completely covered by the Sand Bridge Formation, which is a confining layer, and underlain by the impermeable Yorktown Formation. Movement of water eastward within the Norfolk Formation from the outcrop area on the top of the Suffolk Scarp was further restricted by a less permeable facies of the Norfolk east of the swamp; thereby creating an artesian head within the permeable sand facies of the Norfolk Formation.
Erosion during the Pleistocene age breached the Sand Bridge confining layer and allowed upward seepage of water along the shallow stream valleys. This seepage, combined with the abundant rainfall and naturally sluggish surface drainage, may have been sufficient to trigger the formation of peat along stream valleys about 9,000 years ago. The peat further inhibited surface drainage, which in turn, accelerated the accumulation of peat until the interfluve areas were covered. The present role of the Norfolk Formation in the hydrology of the swamp is not clear, but it is considered to be one of the most important aspects of the hydrology to be studied in future investigations.
Surface inflow is from small streams draining from the west. The flow of these streams varies widely, being generally less in the summer than in winter. Outflow is primarily through the Feeder Ditch-Dismal Swamp Canal system, which discharges at South Mills and Deep Creek locks.
Rates and direction of surface flow within the swamp are partly controlled by gates on many of the ditches. Inadequately controlled ditches penetrating the Norfolk Formation plus withdrawal of water from wells along Suffolk Scarp have altered the flow of ground water under the swamp. These modifications and the loss of water through the Dismal Swamp Canal have probably resulted in a generally drier swamp as indicated by changes in the vegetation. It is feasible to preserve Dismal Swamp, but more detailed studies of the hydrology are needed to aid in future management.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr7439","usgsCitation":"Lichtler, W.F., and Walker, P.N., 1974, Hydrology of the Dismal Swamp, Virginia-North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-39, v, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7439.","productDescription":"v, 50 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":148364,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0039/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":422873,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0039/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Dismal Swamp","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 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Carolina-Virginia-Tennessee","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":41424,"text":"ofr741030 - 1974 - Preliminary geologic map of the east half of the Winston-Salem Quadrangle, North Carolina-Virginia-Tennessee","indexId":"ofr741030","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary geologic map of the east half of the Winston-Salem Quadrangle, North Carolina-Virginia-Tennessee"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":67511,"text":"i709B - 1975 - Geologic map of the east half of the Winston-Salem Quadrangle, North Carolina-Virginia","indexId":"i709B","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"Geologic map of the east half of the Winston-Salem Quadrangle, North Carolina-Virginia"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":67511,"text":"i709B - 1975 - Geologic map of the east half of the Winston-Salem Quadrangle, North Carolina-Virginia","indexId":"i709B","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic map of the east half of the Winston-Salem Quadrangle, North Carolina-Virginia"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-01T22:20:16.231852","indexId":"ofr741030","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-1030","title":"Preliminary geologic map of the east half of the Winston-Salem Quadrangle, North Carolina-Virginia-Tennessee","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr741030","usgsCitation":"Espenshade, G., Rankin, D., Shaw, K., and Neuman, R.B., 1974, Preliminary geologic map of the east half of the Winston-Salem Quadrangle, North Carolina-Virginia-Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-1030, 2 Plates: 20.66 x 27.24 inches and 31.07 x 18.16 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr741030.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 20.66 x 27.24 inches and 31.07 x 18.16 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":412570,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/1030/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":412569,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/1030/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":135364,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/1030/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"200000","country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Winston-Salem Quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.0,\n 36.0\n ],\n [\n -80,\n 36.0\n ],\n [\n -80,\n 36.5794\n ],\n [\n -82.0,\n 36.5794\n ],\n [\n -82.0,\n 36.0\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db674375","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Espenshade, G.H.","contributorId":49374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Espenshade","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":224995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rankin, D.W.","contributorId":32579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rankin","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":224994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shaw, K.W.","contributorId":95952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaw","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":224997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Neuman, R. B.","contributorId":83579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":224996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":29538,"text":"wri7352 - 1974 - Flood characteristics of Oklahoma streams techniques for calculating magnitude and frequency of floods in Oklahoma, with compilations of flood data through 1971","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-25T10:51:33","indexId":"wri7352","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"73-52","title":"Flood characteristics of Oklahoma streams techniques for calculating magnitude and frequency of floods in Oklahoma, with compilations of flood data through 1971","docAbstract":"The 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, and 100-year recurrence interval floods are related to basin and climatic parameters for natural streams in Oklahoma by multiple regression techniques through the mathematical model,
Qx=aAbScPd,
where Qx is peak discharge for recurrence interval x, A is contributing drainage area, S is main channel slope, P is mean annual precipitation, and a, b, c, and d are regression constants and coefficients. One equation for each recurrence interval applies statewide for all natural streams of less than 2,500 mil (6,500 km2), except where manmade works, such as dams, flood-detention structures, levees, channelization, and urban development, appreciably affect flood runoff. The equations can be used to estimate flood frequency of a stream at an ungaged site if drainage area size, main channel slope, and mean annual precipitation are known. At or near gaged sites, a weighted average of the regression results and the gaging station data is recommended.
Individual relations of flood magnitude to contributing drainage area are given for all or parts of the main stems of the Arkansas, Salt Fork Arkansas, Cimarron, North Canadian, Canadian, Washita, North Fork Red, and Red Rivers. Parts of some of these streams, and all of the Neosho and Verdigris Rivers are not included because the effects of. major regulation from large reservoirs cannot be evaluated within the scope of the report.
Graphical relations of maximum floods of record for eastern and western Oklahoma provide a guide to maximum probable floods.
A random sampling of the seasonal occurrence of floods indicated about two-thirds of all annual floods in Oklahoma occur during. April through July. Less than one-half of one percent of annual floods occur in December.
A compilation of flood records at all gaging sites in Oklahoma and some selected sites in adjacent States is given in an appendix. Basin and climatic parameters and log-Pearson Type III frequency data and statistics are given for most station records. A second appendix gives a reprint of the U.S. Water Resources Council Bulletin 15 which describes procedures for fitting a log-Pearson Type III distribution to gaging station data.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7352","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with State of Oklahoma Department of Highways and U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration","usgsCitation":"Sauer, V.B., 1974, Flood characteristics of Oklahoma streams techniques for calculating magnitude and frequency of floods in Oklahoma, with compilations of flood data through 1971: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 73-52, 306 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7352.","productDescription":"306 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159538,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1973/0052/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":354494,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1973/0052/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -102.98583984374999,\n 36.99377838872517\n ],\n [\n -103.0078125,\n 36.500805317604794\n ],\n [\n -100.01953125,\n 36.500805317604794\n ],\n [\n -99.97558593749999,\n 34.56085936708384\n ],\n [\n -99.82177734375,\n 34.46127728843705\n ],\n [\n -99.66796875,\n 34.38877925439021\n ],\n [\n -99.60205078124999,\n 34.397844946449865\n ],\n [\n -99.4482421875,\n 34.352506668675936\n ],\n [\n -99.371337890625,\n 34.379712580462204\n ],\n [\n -99.239501953125,\n 34.298068350990825\n ],\n [\n -99.129638671875,\n 34.20725938207231\n ],\n [\n -98.96484375,\n 34.17999758688084\n ],\n [\n -98.778076171875,\n 34.098159345215535\n ],\n [\n -98.67919921875,\n 34.15272698011818\n ],\n [\n -98.536376953125,\n 34.06176136129718\n ],\n [\n -98.41552734375,\n 34.08906131584994\n ],\n [\n -98.349609375,\n 34.098159345215535\n ],\n [\n -98.19580078125,\n 34.098159345215535\n ],\n [\n -98.1298828125,\n 34.05265942137599\n ],\n [\n -98.02001953125,\n 33.970697997361626\n ],\n [\n -97.943115234375,\n 33.897777013859475\n ],\n [\n -97.822265625,\n 33.8521697014074\n ],\n [\n -97.646484375,\n 33.916013113401696\n ],\n [\n -97.525634765625,\n 33.8521697014074\n ],\n [\n -97.36083984375,\n 33.8247936182649\n ],\n [\n -97.218017578125,\n 33.8430453147447\n ],\n [\n -97.22900390625,\n 33.770015152780125\n ],\n [\n -97.119140625,\n 33.7243396617476\n ],\n [\n -97.00927734375,\n 33.8430453147447\n ],\n [\n -96.92138671875,\n 33.87953701355924\n ],\n [\n -96.800537109375,\n 33.8339199536547\n ],\n [\n -96.64672851562499,\n 33.86129311351553\n ],\n [\n -96.52587890625,\n 33.76088200086917\n ],\n [\n -96.317138671875,\n 33.65120829920497\n ],\n [\n -96.17431640625,\n 33.742612777346885\n ],\n [\n -96.097412109375,\n 33.8339199536547\n ],\n [\n -95.767822265625,\n 33.8247936182649\n ],\n [\n -95.55908203125,\n 33.88865750124075\n ],\n [\n -95.482177734375,\n 33.8521697014074\n ],\n [\n -95.3173828125,\n 33.87953701355924\n ],\n [\n -95.20751953125,\n 33.94335994657882\n ],\n [\n -95.07568359375,\n 33.87953701355924\n ],\n [\n -94.921875,\n 33.779147331286474\n ],\n [\n -94.72412109375,\n 33.696922692957685\n ],\n [\n -94.603271484375,\n 33.62376800118811\n ],\n [\n -94.482421875,\n 33.5963189611327\n ],\n [\n -94.41650390625,\n 35.38904996691167\n ],\n [\n -94.625244140625,\n 36.465471886798134\n ],\n [\n -94.625244140625,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -102.98583984374999,\n 36.99377838872517\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5ef18b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sauer, Vernon B.","contributorId":92645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"Vernon","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":68228,"text":"ha488 - 1974 - Water resources of the Snake River watershed, east-central Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T13:17:05","indexId":"ha488","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"488","title":"Water resources of the Snake River watershed, east-central Minnesota","docAbstract":"Glacial drift overlies sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks in the Snake River watershed.
\nThe Snake River, which drains an area of about 1,030 square miles, originates in an extensive area of peat bogs in the northern part of the watershed. It flows southward across gently rolling glacial terrain in which the major relief is near the river. Near the southern boundary of the watershed, the Snake River turns eastward to its confluence with the St. Croix River. The northwest half of the watershed is heavily forested, whereas much of the southeast half has been cleared. The largest communities in the watershed, Mora and Pine City, had 1970 populations of 2,582 and 2,143, respectively.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ha488","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Division of Waters, Soils, and Minerals","usgsCitation":"Lindholm, G.F., Helgesen, J.O., Broussard, W., and Ericson, D., 1974, Water resources of the Snake River watershed, east-central Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 488, 3 Plates: 44 x 35 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ha488.","productDescription":"3 Plates: 44 x 35 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science 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Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2104","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1974, Surface water supply of the United States, 1966-70, Part 2, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins, v. 1, Basins from James River to Savannah River: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2104, ix, 1018 p. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2104.","productDescription":"ix, 1018 p. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136352,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2104/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25308,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2104/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af4e4b07f02db6920fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":15441,"text":"ofr7486 - 1974 - Response of ground-water levels of flood control operations in three basins, south-eastern Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-04T17:44:08.754532","indexId":"ofr7486","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-86","title":"Response of ground-water levels of flood control operations in three basins, south-eastern Florida","docAbstract":"Three basins in southeastern Florida were investigated to determine the changes in ground-water levels and canal flows that occurred in response to operation of coastal water-control structures in each canal. All three basins are underlain by the Biscayne aquifer. They are, Snapper Creek Canal basin, where the Biscayne aquifer is of high permeability; the Snake Creek Canal basin, where the aquifer is of moderate permeability; and the Pompano-Cypress Canal basin, where the aquifer is of low permeability. In each basin, drainage is a function of permeability; thus, where the permeability of the aquifer is high, drainage is excellent. The coastal water-conrol structures are intended to afford flood protection in the three basins. In general the control operation criteria for flood control in newly developing areas in southeastern Florida do not provide adequate protection from flooding because of the time required for the aquifer to respond to changes in the controls. Adequate protection would require increasing the density of secondary drainage canals, but this could achieved only by reducing the quantity of water available for recharging those segments of the Biscayne aquifer adjacent to the canals. (Woodrad-USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr7486","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Central and Southern Florida Flood Control District","usgsCitation":"Pitt, W.A., 1974, Response of ground-water levels of flood control operations in three basins, south-eastern Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-86, 71 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7486.","productDescription":"71 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":493444,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0086/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":148448,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0086/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db6283ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pitt, William A.J.","contributorId":50904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitt","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"A.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":59628,"text":"mf620 - 1974 - Seismotectonic map of the Eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-18T13:56:08","indexId":"mf620","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"620","title":"Seismotectonic map of the Eastern United States","docAbstract":"The purpose of a seismotectonic map is to describe the distribution of historic seismic activity in relation to geologic structures and tectonic provinces and to identify structures or regions that are characterized by consistent relations between seismic activity and structural features. An experimental study to test the feasibility of preparing such a map and its usefulness in evaluating earthquake hazards was initiated jointly by the U.S. Geological Survey and the former Seismology Division of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; financial support was provided by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. It was hoped that the study would develop evidence for the existence of tectonic regions or structural provinces that are useful in defining parameters of seismic hazard in relation to engineered structures. As with many experiments, this one did not produce the results envisioned at the outset, but it did result, we think, in assembling seismic and structural data useful in evaluating the distribution and origin of earthquakes in the eastern part of the United States and in delimiting areas of relative seismic activity.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf620","isbn":"060780047X","usgsCitation":"Hadley, J.B., and Devine, J.F., 1974, Seismotectonic map of the Eastern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 620, 4 Sheets: 25.49 x 32.39 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf620.","productDescription":"4 Sheets: 25.49 x 32.39 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":360488,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/0620/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":360486,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/0620/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":360487,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/0620/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":360489,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/0620/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":185426,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/0620/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -96,25 ], [ -96,49 ], [ -64,49 ], [ -64,25 ], [ -96,25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4e01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hadley, Jarvis B.","contributorId":24346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hadley","given":"Jarvis","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":262347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Devine, James F. jdevine@usgs.gov","contributorId":4615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Devine","given":"James","email":"jdevine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":262348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}