Many studies have found significant changes, primarily declines, in populations of breeding birds throughout the United States. Most studies have focused on birds that migrate to the Neotropics for winter. Speculations about causes of observed declines have primarily implicated habitat fragmentation and loss (e.g. deforestation) in Central and South America. The National Audubon Society's Christmas Bird Counts (CBC), begun in the winter of 1900-01, provide the data needed to discern consistent population trends in birds wintering throughout the United States.
\nFor this study we used the CBC data to examine population trends of songbirds with ranges that apparently are limited by lower temperatures in the North. We chose these species to track populations of birds that could be in peril in the future. These birds potentially will be more quickly affected by changing climate than other birds, and we need baseline information on them to document possible consequences of global climatic change. The species that are indeed declining need to be monitored because the possible synergistic effects of declining populations and changing climate could result in local and even regional extinctions.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Biological Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Root, T.L., and McDaniel, L., 1995, Winter population trends of selected songbirds, chap. of Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems, p. 21-23.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"23","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":301061,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339873,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.webharvest.gov/peth04/20041019015728/https://biology.usgs.gov/s+t/index.htm","linkHelpText":"Archived website"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5576bcb3e4b032353cb54ee9","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"LaRoe, Edward T.","contributorId":112276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaRoe","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691761,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farris, Gaye S.","contributorId":84410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farris","given":"Gaye","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":691762,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Puckett, Catherine E. cpuckett@usgs.gov","contributorId":4629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckett","given":"Catherine","email":"cpuckett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":691763,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doran, Peter D.","contributorId":17533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691764,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mac, Michael J.","contributorId":16772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mac","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691765,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Root, Terry L.","contributorId":9506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Root","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDaniel, Larry","contributorId":141079,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDaniel","given":"Larry","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6648,"text":"National Center for Atmospheric Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70199485,"text":"70199485 - 1995 - Effect of predation by Sacramento squawfish (Ptychocheilus grandis) on habitat choice of California roach (Lavinia symmetricus) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in artificial streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-19T11:09:17","indexId":"70199485","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T11:08:49","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of predation by Sacramento squawfish (Ptychocheilus grandis) on habitat choice of California roach (Lavinia symmetricus) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in artificial streams","docAbstract":"We studied the effects of predatory Sacramento squawfish (Ptychocheilus grandis) on habitat choice of juvenile California roach (Lavinia symmetricus), adult roach, and juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in artificial streams. In single-prey trials, the proportion of fish found in pool habitat declined in the presence of squawfish for juvenile roach (from 0.55 to 0.00), adult roach (from 0.88 to 0.13), and juvenile rainbow trout (0.70 to 0.15). The presence of squawfish did not affect the use of riffle and edge habitats. Of the fish found in shallow water, the proportion found in edge habitat declined from juvenile roach (0.95) to adult roach (0.80) to juvenile rainbow trout (0.23). We also conducted experiments designed to simulate invasion of an area by squawfish, in which adult roach and juvenile rainbow trout were tested together in the presence and absence of squawfish. The proportion of prey in pool habitat in the presence of squawfish was greater in the two-prey trials than in the single-prey trials for both adult roach (0.31 and 0.13, respectively) and juvenile rainbow trout (0.33 and 0.15, respectively). These results support field evidence that squawfish are an important force in determining the spatial structure of native stream fish assemblages.
","language":"English","doi":"10.1139/f95-758","usgsCitation":"Brown, L.R., and Brasher, A.M., 1995, Effect of predation by Sacramento squawfish (Ptychocheilus grandis) on habitat choice of California roach (Lavinia symmetricus) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in artificial streams: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 52, no. 8, p. 1639-1646, https://doi.org/10.1139/f95-758.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1639","endPage":"1646","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357482,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"52","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c110fc3e4b034bf6a8117b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Larry R. 0000-0001-6702-4531 lrbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":1717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Larry","email":"lrbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brasher, Anne M. D. abrasher@usgs.gov","contributorId":1715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brasher","given":"Anne","email":"abrasher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":745558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70246548,"text":"70246548 - 1995 - Tertiary volcanic rocks from the southern Pannonian Basin, Croatia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-10T14:00:08.0904","indexId":"70246548","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T11:08:31","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2020,"text":"International Geology Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tertiary volcanic rocks from the southern Pannonian Basin, Croatia","docAbstract":"The Tertiary volcanic rocks of the southern part of the Pannonian Basin are related to a sequence of tectonic events that occurred along the northern margin of the Dinarides when subduction ceased and after uplift of the region in middle Eocene time. The oldest rocks are andesites and dacites erupted during an Egerian to Eggenburgian marine transpression phase. In early Miocene time (about 17 Ma), rifting started, probably caused by the rise of the mantle, resulting in E-W extension and strike-slip faulting leading to formation of the Pannonian Basin. The initial rifting was accompanied by trachyandesitic volcanism of Karpathian age, followed by Badenian-age (15 to 13 Ma) volcanic activity producing basalts, andesites, and dacites. During these volcanic phases the Pannonian Basin, or the Paratethys, probably was periodically connected with the Mediterranean Sea. The final period of volcanism (about 9 to 7 Ma) produced alkalic basalts and basalts and occurred in fresh-water environments. These volcanic rocks have had a complex petrological evolution, related to an active continental margin. Egerian-Eggenburgian andesites and dacites can be explained by upper crustal assimilation with fractional crystallization (ACF) of primary basalt magma. The three younger associations originated by partial melting of rocks from both the upper mantle and the lower crust. Their evolution was accompanied by crustal contamination.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00206819509465404","usgsCitation":"Pamic, J.J., McKee, E.H., Bullen, T.D., and Lanphere, M.A., 1995, Tertiary volcanic rocks from the southern Pannonian Basin, Croatia: International Geology Review, v. 37, no. 3, p. 259-283, https://doi.org/10.1080/00206819509465404.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"259","endPage":"283","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":418771,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Croatia","otherGeospatial":"Carpathian Basin, Pannonian Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 15.951816660071188,\n 46.194914299595894\n ],\n [\n 16.63948356662624,\n 46.10439835244193\n ],\n [\n 17.464683854493018,\n 45.664004782333166\n ],\n [\n 17.519697207018027,\n 45.53409613199281\n ],\n [\n 18.111090746655975,\n 45.38457082838855\n ],\n [\n 18.152350761048893,\n 45.258856749559925\n ],\n [\n 18.53056755965457,\n 45.24433332871982\n ],\n [\n 18.723114293490426,\n 45.36041670772178\n ],\n [\n 19.046317739571094,\n 45.40871463321827\n ],\n [\n 19.135714437423786,\n 45.51000596741122\n ],\n [\n 19.011934394243383,\n 45.59668228624338\n ],\n [\n 19.02568773237462,\n 45.77443048390762\n ],\n [\n 18.915661027325456,\n 45.95161394359087\n ],\n [\n 18.61308758844126,\n 45.9372687532088\n ],\n [\n 18.420540854605406,\n 45.79840719405729\n ],\n [\n 18.20048744450787,\n 45.81758113697768\n ],\n [\n 17.87728399842638,\n 45.822373591446706\n ],\n [\n 17.725997278984295,\n 45.87506336600066\n ],\n [\n 17.581587228607418,\n 45.95161394359087\n ],\n [\n 17.430300509165306,\n 45.9755143453979\n ],\n [\n 17.3271504731822,\n 46.06624184044844\n ],\n [\n 17.155233746543587,\n 46.19967417352885\n ],\n [\n 16.962687012707732,\n 46.2805289495019\n ],\n [\n 16.893920322052367,\n 46.38498768538639\n ],\n [\n 16.770140278871878,\n 46.422923215822436\n ],\n [\n 16.708250257282515,\n 46.48451219348976\n ],\n [\n 16.577593545036876,\n 46.522378484531146\n ],\n [\n 16.385046811201022,\n 46.598031947578875\n ],\n [\n 16.19937674643117,\n 46.51291438437144\n ],\n [\n 16.240636760824117,\n 46.422923215822436\n ],\n [\n 16.054966696054294,\n 46.41818271711966\n ],\n [\n 16.006830012595316,\n 46.36601002775029\n ],\n [\n 15.766146595300512,\n 46.285281402323136\n ],\n [\n 15.951816660071188,\n 46.194914299595894\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"37","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pamic, Jakob J.","contributorId":316225,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pamic","given":"Jakob","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":877121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKee, Edwin H. mckee@usgs.gov","contributorId":3728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Edwin","email":"mckee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":877122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bullen, Thomas D. 0000-0003-2281-1691 tdbullen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2281-1691","contributorId":1969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"Thomas","email":"tdbullen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":877123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lanphere, Marvin A. alder@usgs.gov","contributorId":2696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanphere","given":"Marvin","email":"alder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":877124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70201385,"text":"70201385 - 1995 - Geology of Triton","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-12T11:05:09","indexId":"70201385","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T11:04:27","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Geology of Triton","docAbstract":"Triton, with a diameter of ≡2700 km, is Neptune's only planet-class satellite. The complexity of Triton's surface and the variety of surface features is unequaled among the satellites of the solar system. From a geologic viewpoint, some of Triton's features have apparently familiar morphologies and general interpretative agreement exists. However, many of its landforms have novel morphologies and geologic settings, which have given rise to a number of innovative and competing interpretations. The first portion of this chapter describes Triton's surface in primarily nongenetic terms. The authors then review various models and speculations regarding geologic processes that have operated on Triton, followed by an interpretive stratigraphy and geologic history.
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Seagrass meadows provide food for wintering waterfowl and important spawning and foraging habitat for several species of commercially important finfish and shellfish. Physical structure provided by seagrasses affords juveniles refuge from predation and allows for attachment of epiphytes and benthic organisms. Seagrass communities also support several endangered and threatened species, including some sea turtles and manatees. Changes in seagrass distribution can reflect the health of a water body, and losses of seagrasses may signal water-quality problems in coastal waters. Losses of seagrasses in the northern Gulf of Mexico over the last five decades have been extensive--from 20% to 100% for most estuaries, with only a few areas experiencing increases in seagrasses.
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\nIn its simplest terms, biological diversity is the variety of life at all levels: it includes the array of plants and animals; the genetic differences among individuals; the communities, ecosystems, and landscapes in which they occur; and the variety of processes on which they depend. Conserving biological diversity poses dramatic new problems for comprehensive inventory and monitoring: what should be measured or monitored?
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Our Living Resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, National Biological Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"LaRoe, E.T., 1995, Biodiversity: a new challenge, chap. of Our Living Resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems, p. 6-7.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"6","endPage":"7","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":301060,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5576bca9e4b032353cb54ec8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LaRoe, Edward T.","contributorId":112276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaRoe","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70199715,"text":"70199715 - 1995 - Land subsidence in drained histosols and highly organic mineral soils of California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-26T10:29:45","indexId":"70199715","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T10:29:02","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3420,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Land subsidence in drained histosols and highly organic mineral soils of California","docAbstract":"This study was conducted to determine historical trends in subsidence in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta and their environmental controls. In the western Delta, average subsidence rates were 2.3 cm yr-1 from 1910 to 1.5 cm yr-1 from 1952 to 1988. Spatially variability in subsidence was correlated with organic matter content of the soil which in turn was related to the depositional and drainage history of the Delta. Subsidence rates appaeared to be independent of crops grown.
Viscoplastic soil parameters are used in a nonlinear viscoplastic constitutive model to predict time-dependent displacement of slow-moving landslides. The viscoplastic material parameters are determined by a novel method that uses a standard triaxial apparatus. This method employs data obtained from consolidated drained triaxial tests and consolidated drained stress-controlled strain-rate tests. The methodology was applied to undisturbed samples from the Minor Creek landslide in the Franciscan Terrane of northern California. Viscoplastic parameters determined from the laboratory tests were combined with boring log data to calculate the landslide’s vertical velocity profile. This profile provided a reasonable match to a measured velocity profile obtained from repetitive inclinometer surveys.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Clay and shale slope instability","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/REG10-p39","usgsCitation":"Wong, W.W., Ho, C.L., Iverson, R.M., and Hovind, C., 1995, Evaluation of viscoplastic slope movement based on triaxial tests, chap. of Clay and shale slope instability, v. 10, p. 39-50, https://doi.org/10.1130/REG10-p39.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"50","costCenters":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":393197,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wong, Wylie W. -H.","contributorId":270244,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wong","given":"Wylie","email":"","middleInitial":"W. -H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":828816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ho, Carlton L.","contributorId":26097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ho","given":"Carlton","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":828817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Iverson, Richard M. 0000-0002-7369-3819 riverson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3819","contributorId":536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"Richard","email":"riverson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":828818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hovind, Cynthia","contributorId":270245,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hovind","given":"Cynthia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":828819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70006588,"text":"70006588 - 1995 - Disease considerations for waterfowl managers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-02T10:10:00","indexId":"70006588","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T10:05:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"title":"Disease considerations for waterfowl managers","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterfowl habitat restoration enhancement and management in the Atlantic Flyway","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control","publisherLocation":"Dover, DE","usgsCitation":"Friend, M., 1995, Disease considerations for waterfowl managers (3rd), 82 p.","productDescription":"82 p.","startPage":"J24","endPage":"J105","numberOfPages":"82","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287947,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"3rd","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7684e4b0abf75cf2bf84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friend, Milton 0000-0002-2882-3629","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2882-3629","contributorId":31332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friend","given":"Milton","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70006399,"text":"70006399 - 1995 - Northern Pintail (Anas acuta)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-01T10:07:10","indexId":"70006399","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T10:04:28","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Northern Pintail (Anas acuta)","docAbstract":"The Northern Pintail is a medium-sized dabbling duck of slender, elegant lines and conservative plumage coloration. It is circumpolar in distribution and abundant in North America, with core nesting habitat in Alaska and the Prairie Pothole Region of southern Canada and the northern Great Plains. Breeders favor shallow wetlands interspersed throughout prairie grasslands or arctic tundra. An early fall migrant, the species arrives on wintering areas beginning in August, after wing molt, often forming large roosting and feeding flocks on open, shallow wetlands and flooded agricultural fields. The birds consume grains, marsh plant seeds, and aquatic invertebrates throughout the fall and winter.
\nNorthern Pintails are among the earliest nesting ducks in North America, beginning shortly after ice-out in many northern areas. Individuals form new pair bonds each winter but are highly promiscuous during the nesting season, with mated and unmated males often involved in vigorous, acrobatic Pursuit Flights. Annual nest success and productivity vary with water conditions, predation, and weather. Females build nests on the ground, often long distances from water. Only the female incubates; her mate leaves shortly after incubation begins. Ducklings hatch together in one day, follow the female to water after a day in the nest, and fledge by July or August. Adults and ducklings consume mainly aquatic invertebrates during the breeding season.
\nPredators and farming operations destroy many thousands of Northern Pintail nests annually; farming has also greatly reduced the amount of quality nesting cover available. Winter habitats are threatened by water shortages, agricultural development, contamination, and urbanization. Periods of extended drought in prairie nesting regions have caused dramatic population declines, usually followed by periods of recovery. Over the long term, however, the continental population of Northern Pintails has declined significantly from 6 million birds in the early 1970s to less than 3 million in the late 1980s and early 1990s. However, new conservation measures, such as habitat restoration and enhancement of agricultural lands, as well as prudent harvest restrictions, suggest that Northern Pintails should have a secure future in North America.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Birds of North America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Academy of Natural Sciences; American Ornithologists' Union","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA; Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Austin, J.E., and Miller, M.R., 1995, Northern Pintail (Anas acuta), chap. of The Birds of North America.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":289295,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b3d86ae4b07c5f79a7f34a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Poole, A.","contributorId":113515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poole","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508321,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gill, F.","contributorId":114156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508322,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Austin, J. E.","contributorId":5999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Austin","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, M. R.","contributorId":19104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70199605,"text":"70199605 - 1995 - Applications of the transient tracers tritium/helium-3, and chlorofluorocarbons for tracing and age-dating yound ground water: Field examples from the USA and Germany","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-21T10:07:03","indexId":"70199605","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T10:04:03","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Applications of the transient tracers tritium/helium-3, and chlorofluorocarbons for tracing and age-dating yound ground water: Field examples from the USA and Germany","docAbstract":"The transient tracers tritium/helium-3 (3H/3He) and chlorofluorocarbons (CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113) are well suited for tracing and age-dating young ground water. Their detection in ground water indicates waters recharged within the past 30 (3H/3He, CFC-113) to 50 (CFC-11, CFC-12) years, or ground water mixtures that contain at least a portion of young water. The ground water age can be determined independently from measurements of 3H/3He, CFC-11, CFC-12, and CFC-113, and in each case refers to the time elapsed since the recharge water was isolated from the soil air. Ground water age can be used to define recharge rates and refine numerical models of ground water flow. Transient tracers are particularly useful in characterising ground water flow in hydrologic systems where, because of insufficient geologic and hydro-logic data, numerical simulation may be difficult. Transient tracers are also useful in defining movement of ground water contaminants in studies aimed, for example, at the design of strategies to safeguard drinking water supplies.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contaminated soil '95: Soils & environment","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-94-011-0415-9_33","usgsCitation":"Drenkard, S., Plummer, N., Busenberg, E., Schlosser, P., Stute, M., and Dorr, H., 1995, Applications of the transient tracers tritium/helium-3, and chlorofluorocarbons for tracing and age-dating yound ground water: Field examples from the USA and Germany, chap. of Contaminated soil '95: Soils & environment, p. 195-196, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0415-9_33.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"195","endPage":"196","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357612,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c110fc4e4b034bf6a8117bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drenkard, S.","contributorId":89292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drenkard","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Busenberg, Eurybiades ebusenbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"Eurybiades","email":"ebusenbe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schlosser, P.","contributorId":106656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlosser","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stute, M.","contributorId":67234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stute","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dorr, H.","contributorId":208112,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dorr","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70245136,"text":"70245136 - 1995 - Jurassic tectonics of northeastern Nevada and northwestern Utah from the perspective of barometric studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-16T15:16:27.260093","indexId":"70245136","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T09:56:12","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5614,"text":"Special Papers of the Geological Society of America","printIssn":"0072-1077","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"title":"Jurassic tectonics of northeastern Nevada and northwestern Utah from the perspective of barometric studies","docAbstract":"Jurassic tectonism in the northeastern Great Basin produced varied structures, many closely associated with widespread magmatism at ca. 155–165 Ma and with local metamorphism. Many of the plutons are of suitable mineralogy for Al-in-hornblende barometry, providing the potential for depth data. We have studied conditions of metamorphism in the Pilot Range and barometry for six Jurassic plutons across the northeastern Great Basin. All barometry results are in harmony with pressures estimated from stratigraphic data, requiring little or no tectonic thickening.
On the basis of structural styles and barometric data, we divide the northeastern Great Basin into three Jurassic tectonic provinces. An eastern extensional province, largely in western Utah, is characterized by Paleozoic strata that were thrust faulted and then intruded by shallow plutons shortly after or during normal and strike-slip faulting. Extension was probably a short-lived event associated with magmatism, but its west trend indicates a total reorientation of stress at this time, perhaps within transtensional strike-slip zones.
A central province of modest, and possibly locally extreme, Jurassic shortening in eastern Nevada is characterized by metamorphosed Paleozoic rocks and by thrusts and kilometer-scale southeast-vergent folds. Upper amphibolite facies, but low pressure (3–4 kbar) metamorphism is present near Jurassic plutons in the Pilot Range and Ruby Mountains, probably indicating metamorphism induced by heat from magmas. In contrast, metamorphism in other ranges, which is known only to be pre–Late Cretaceous, indicates thickening of 10–20 km. This thickening may have entirely postdated the Jurassic.
A western province in north-central Nevada is characterized by preserved Jurassic volcanic rocks and shallow plutons, indicating that little erosion, and probably surface uplift, occurred during the late Mesozoic. Folds and thrust faults indicate minor Jurassic shortening but many structures are undated.
The low-pressure upper-crustal conditions for demonstrably Jurassic events suggest that higher-pressure metamorphism recorded in the central province is younger (Cretaceous) in age. We suggest that Jurassic structures were caused by distributed minor crustal shortening, manifested mainly as small-scale thrust faults. Local thermal highs created by plutonism produced metamorphic zones in relatively shallow crust. Shortening in the east was manifested by zones of strike-slip, within which plutons were emplaced in tensile niches. Lack of a deep foreland basin and lack of evidence for massive erosion argue against high-relief mountain belts caused by significant crustal shortening.
Paleozoic rocks metamorphosed at pressures far in excess of stratigraphic burial are restricted to narrow lenses exhumed during Late Cretaceous and Tertiary extension and are bordered by rocks that always have been part of the shallow crust. The abundant shallow-crustal rocks preserved across the region indicate that a conventional hypothesis of large-scale, regional crustal thickening causing many kilometers of surface uplift and consequent erosion is unlikely to have taken place in the Mesozoic.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Jurassic magmatism and tectonics of the North American cordillera","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/SPE299-p267","usgsCitation":"Miller, D., and Hoisch, T.D., 1995, Jurassic tectonics of northeastern Nevada and northwestern Utah from the perspective of barometric studies, chap. of Jurassic magmatism and tectonics of the North American cordillera: Special Papers of the Geological Society of America, v. 299, p. 267-294, https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE299-p267.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"267","endPage":"294","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":418161,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada, Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.73127286105404,\n 42.142742776741954\n ],\n [\n -116.73127286105404,\n 39.74944499090975\n ],\n [\n -111.87121894015267,\n 39.74944499090975\n ],\n [\n -111.87121894015267,\n 42.142742776741954\n ],\n [\n -116.73127286105404,\n 42.142742776741954\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"299","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Busby, Cathy","contributorId":113649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busby","given":"Cathy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875650,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Miller, David M. 0000-0003-3711-0441 dmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-0441","contributorId":140769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"David M.","email":"dmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":875648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoisch, Thomas D.","contributorId":61337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoisch","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70006724,"text":"70006724 - 1995 - Infectious and parasitic diseases of the gray wolf and their potential effects on wolf populations in North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-03T14:33:30.382503","indexId":"70006724","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T09:46:26","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"seriesNumber":"35","title":"Infectious and parasitic diseases of the gray wolf and their potential effects on wolf populations in North America","docAbstract":"Numerous infections and parasitic diseases have been reported for the gray wolf, including more than 10 viral, bacterial, and mycotic disease and more than 70 species of helminths and ectoparasites. However, few studies have documented the role of diseases in population dynamics. Disease can affect wolf populations directly by causing mortality or indirectly by affecting physiological and homeostatic processes, thriftiness, reproduction, behavior, or social structure. In addition, wolves are hosts to diseases that can affect prey species, thus affecting wolf populations indirectly by reducing prey abundance or increasing vulnerability to predation. Diseases such as canine distemper and infectious canine hepatitis are enzootic in wolf populations, whereas rabies occurs in wolves primarily as a result of transmission from other species such as artic and red foxes. Contact between wolves and domestic pets and livestock may affect the composition of diseases in wolves and their effects on wolf populations. Dogs were suspected of introducing lice and canine parovirus to several wolf populations. THe potential for disease to affect wolf populations and other wild and domestic animals should be considered in wolf management plans, particularly in plans for reintroduction of wolves to area within their former range.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology and conservation of wolves in a changing world: Proceedings of the 2nd North American Symposium on Wolves","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"2nd North American Symposium on Wolves","conferenceDate":"August 25-27, 1992","conferenceLocation":"Edmonton, Alberta, Canada","language":"English","publisher":"University of Alberta Press","publisherLocation":"Alberta, Canada","usgsCitation":"Brand, C.J., Pybus, M., Ballard, W., and Peterson, R.O., 1995, Infectious and parasitic diseases of the gray wolf and their potential effects on wolf populations in North America, in Ecology and conservation of wolves in a changing world: Proceedings of the 2nd North American Symposium on Wolves, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, August 25-27, 1992, p. 419-430.","productDescription":"12 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","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water resources at risk, Denver, Colorado ","language":"English","publisher":"American Institute of Hydrology","publisherLocation":"Minneapolis, Minnesota","usgsCitation":"Broshears, R., Kimball, B.A., and Runkel, R.L., 1995, Interpreting spatial profiles of concentration in acid mine drainage streams, chap. of Water resources at risk, Denver, Colorado , p. 10-21.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"10","endPage":"21","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357611,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c110fc5e4b034bf6a8117bf","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hotchkiss, W. R.","contributorId":61820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hotchkiss","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745950,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Downey, J. S.","contributorId":100013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downey","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745951,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gutentag, E. D.","contributorId":70015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutentag","given":"E. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745952,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Broshears, R. E.","contributorId":116495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Broshears","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kimball, Briant A. bkimball@usgs.gov","contributorId":533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimball","given":"Briant","email":"bkimball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Runkel, Robert L. 0000-0003-3220-481X runkel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-481X","contributorId":685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"Robert","email":"runkel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70006444,"text":"70006444 - 1995 - Feeding competition between larval lake whitefish and lake herring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-30T09:43:25","indexId":"70006444","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T09:41:38","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Feeding competition between larval lake whitefish and lake herring","docAbstract":"The potential for competition for food between larval lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) and lake herring (C. artedi) 1- to 8-wk of age was explored in a series of 1-h laboratory feeding studies. Feeding started at 2-wk post-hatch. Learning and fish size appear to be more important than prey density at the onset of feeding. Species differed in their feeding behavior and consumption noticeably by 5-wk and substantially by 8-wk. Lake whitefish generally were more aggressive foragers than lake herring, attacking and capturing more prey. At high plankton density at 8-wk, lake herring feeding was depressed in mixed-fish treatments. This difference in competitive food consumption between the two coregonids occurs at a critical life stage, and when combined with other biotic and abiotic factors, may have a significant impact on recruitment.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biology and Management of Coregonid Fishes -- 1993","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung","publisherLocation":"Stuttgart, Germany","usgsCitation":"Savino, J.F., and Hudson, P.L., 1995, Feeding competition between larval lake whitefish and lake herring, chap. of Biology and Management of Coregonid Fishes -- 1993, p. 153-162.","productDescription":"p. 153-162","startPage":"153","endPage":"162","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289168,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b286eae4b07b8813a5549a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savino, Jacqueline F. jsavino@usgs.gov","contributorId":2213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savino","given":"Jacqueline","email":"jsavino@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hudson, Patrick L. 0000-0002-7646-443X phudson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7646-443X","contributorId":5616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Patrick","email":"phudson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":44365,"text":"ofr95131 - 1995 - Bibliography of reports from the Volcano Hazards Program, Water Resources Division, 1980-1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-01T11:01:39","indexId":"ofr95131","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T09:40:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-131","title":"Bibliography of reports from the Volcano Hazards Program, Water Resources Division, 1980-1994","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95131","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1995, Bibliography of reports from the Volcano Hazards Program, Water Resources Division, 1980-1994: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-131, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95131.","productDescription":"25 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1980-01-01","temporalEnd":"1994-12-31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291563,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr95131.PNG"},{"id":328159,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0131/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e09e45e4b0beb42bdca3a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":531544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70094635,"text":"70094635 - 1995 - Preliminary development of the LBL/USGS three-dimensional site-scale model of Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-21T09:47:11","indexId":"70094635","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T09:32:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"seriesNumber":"LBL-37356/UC-814","title":"Preliminary development of the LBL/USGS three-dimensional site-scale model of Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"A three-dimensional model of moisture flow within the unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain is being developed at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL) in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). This site-scale model covers and area of about 34 km2 and is bounded by major faults to the north, east and west. The model geometry is defined (1) to represent the variations of hydrogeological units between the ground surface and the water table; (2) to be able to reproduce the effect of abrupt changes in hydrogeological parameters at the boundaries between hyrdogeological units; and (3) to include the influence of major faults. A detailed numerical grid has been developed based on the locations of boreholes, different infiltration zones, hydrogeological units and their outcrops, major faults, and water level data. Contour maps and isopatch maps are presented defining different types of infiltration zones, and the spatial distribution of Tiva Canyon, Paintbrush, and Topopah Spring hydrogeological units. The grid geometry consists of seventeen non-uniform layers which represent the lithological variations within the four main welded and non-welded hydrogeological units. Matrix flow is approximated using the van Genuchten model, and the equivalent continuum approximation is used to account for fracture flow in the welded units. The fault zones are explicitly modeled as porous medium using various assumptions regarding their permeabilities and characteristic curves. One-, two-, and three-dimensional simulations are conducted using the TOUGH2 computer program. Steady-state simulations are performed with various uniform and non-uniform infiltration rates. The results are interpreted in terms of the effect of fault characteristics on the moisture flow distribution, and on location and formation of preferential pathways.","language":"English","publisher":"Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory","publisherLocation":"Berkeley, CA","collaboration":"This work was prepared under U.S. Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098, and DE-A108-78ET44802 administered by the Nevada Operations Office in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey, Denver.","usgsCitation":"Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, 1995, Preliminary development of the LBL/USGS three-dimensional site-scale model of Yucca Mountain, Nevada, xi, 69 p.","productDescription":"xi, 69 p.","numberOfPages":"101","costCenters":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282614,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Yucca Mountain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.75,36.75 ], [ -116.75,37.0 ], [ -116.25,37.0 ], [ -116.25,36.75 ], [ -116.75,36.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6cb6e4b0b29085104b76"} ,{"id":70006472,"text":"70006472 - 1995 - Genetic contribution of hatchery fish to walleye stocks in Saginaw Bay, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-30T09:28:43","indexId":"70006472","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T09:26:05","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":395,"text":"American Fisheries Society Symposium","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"title":"Genetic contribution of hatchery fish to walleye stocks in Saginaw Bay, Michigan","docAbstract":"Stocks of walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) were severely depressed in Saginaw Bay in the 1970s. In 1979, the Michigan Department of Natural Resources began intensive stocking of walleye fingerlings to bolster fish populations. Subsequent to stocking, the walleye fishery has recovered. The study objective was to determine if recovery was due to the stocking program or natural reproduction. Inherent genetic differences between hatchery fish and endemic walleyes were used to determine the effect and contribution of hatchery fish to Saginaw Bay.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Uses and effects of cultured fishes on aquatic ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society Symposium","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","collaboration":"None","usgsCitation":"Todd, T.N., and Haas, R.C., 1995, Genetic contribution of hatchery fish to walleye stocks in Saginaw Bay, Michigan: American Fisheries Society Symposium, v. 15, p. 573-574.","productDescription":"p. 573-574","startPage":"573","endPage":"574","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289165,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Saginaw Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.92549,43.615944 ], [ -83.92549,44.038146 ], [ 83.421518,44.038146 ], [ 83.421518,43.615944 ], [ -83.92549,43.615944 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b286ece4b07b8813a554a3","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Schramm, Harold L. Jr. hschramm@usgs.gov","contributorId":530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schramm","given":"Harold L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"hschramm@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508337,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piper, Robert G.","contributorId":113797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piper","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508338,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Todd, Thomas N.","contributorId":42547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todd","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haas, Robert C.","contributorId":97450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haas","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70245135,"text":"70245135 - 1995 - Timing of emplacement of the Haypress Creek and Emigrant Gap plutons: Implications for the timing and controls of Jurassic orogenesis, northern Sierra Nevada, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-16T14:54:04.444072","indexId":"70245135","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T09:24:30","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5614,"text":"Special Papers of the Geological Society of America","printIssn":"0072-1077","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"title":"Timing of emplacement of the Haypress Creek and Emigrant Gap plutons: Implications for the timing and controls of Jurassic orogenesis, northern Sierra Nevada, California","docAbstract":"Pre-Cretaceous rocks in the northern Sierra Nevada are subdivided from west to east into the Smartville, central, Feather River peridotite, and eastern belts. Cretaceous and younger sedimentary rocks form the western boundary of the Smartville belt, but various reverse-fault segments of the Foothills fault system separate the other belts. The Foothills fault system and associated structures involve rocks as young as Kimmeridgian (Late Jurassic) and are truncated by Early Cretaceous plutons. This relationship is often cited as evidence for the Nevadan orogeny which is commonly viewed as a temporally restricted event involving deformation and metamorphism during the Late Jurassic. Recent work, however, suggests that some of the Mesozoic structural fabric in the northern Sierra Nevada may not have been produced during the Late Jurassic, but instead may have formed between Early and Middle Jurassic time. Thus, distinguishing Nevadan-age deformation from older Mesozoic deformation is now one of the more important problems facing geologists working in the northern Sierra Nevada.
The Haypress Creek pluton crops out in the eastern belt and historically has been cited as a post-Nevadan pluton. It intrudes the Early to Middle Jurassic Sailor Canyon Formation that, together with the overlying Middle Jurassic Tuttle Lake Formation, contains a domainally developed, locally penetrative, northwest-striking cleavage (S2). S2 can be traced into the contact metamorphic aureole of the Emigrant Gap composite pluton, where structural and microtextural evidence indicates that it predates pluton intrusion.
New U-Pb zircon data for the Haypress Creek pluton suggest an age of 166 ± 3 Ma and previously published U-Pb zircon data for the oldest phase of the Emigrant Gap composite pluton suggest an age of 168 ± 2 Ma. The fossiliferous Sailor Canyon Formation ranges in age from Early Jurassic (Sinemurian) in its lower parts to Middle Jurassic (Bathonian or Bajocian) in its upper parts. The overlying Tuttle Lake Formation contains S2, which formed prior to emplacement of the Emigrant Gap and Haypress Creek plutons at ca. 168–166 Ma. This relationship suggests that the Tuttle Lake Formation must have been deposited and deformed entirely within the Middle Jurassic. Thus, S2 and associated structures within the eastern belt formed prior to Late Jurassic Nevadan deformation associated with the Foothills fault system.
There are two end-member models used to explain the plate tectonic evolution of pre-Cretaceous rocks in the northern Sierra Nevada. These are referred to as the arc-continent collision and single, wide-arc models. Data discussed herein do not preclude either of these models for Early to Middle Jurassic time. However, regardless of which of these models is favored, both scenarios place the approximately 168 Ma and younger Jurassic volcanic and plutonic rocks of the Smartville, central, and eastern belts in a distinctly intra-arc setting and further imply that the Foothills fault system and related Late Jurassic structures are also of intra-arc character. We conclude that there is no evidence along 39°30′N latitude for arc-continent collision during the Nevadan orogeny.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Jurassic magmatism and tectonics of the North American cordillera","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/SPE299-p191","usgsCitation":"Girty, G.H., Hanson, R.E., Girty, M.S., Schweickert, R.A., Harwood, D.S., Yoshinobu, A.S., Bryan, K.A., Skinner, J.E., and Hill, C.A., 1995, Timing of emplacement of the Haypress Creek and Emigrant Gap plutons: Implications for the timing and controls of Jurassic orogenesis, northern Sierra Nevada, California, chap. of Jurassic magmatism and tectonics of the North American cordillera: Special Papers of the Geological Society of America, v. 299, p. 191-201, https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE299-p191.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"191","endPage":"201","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":418160,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.64990912748183,\n 39.83746765119142\n ],\n [\n -121.64990912748183,\n 39.17253338323965\n ],\n [\n -120.1935947591659,\n 39.17253338323965\n ],\n [\n -120.1935947591659,\n 39.83746765119142\n ],\n [\n -121.64990912748183,\n 39.83746765119142\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"299","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Miller, David M. 0000-0003-3711-0441 dmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-0441","contributorId":140769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"David M.","email":"dmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":875646,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Busby, Cathy","contributorId":113649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busby","given":"Cathy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875647,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Girty, Gary H.","contributorId":99731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Girty","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanson, Richard E.","contributorId":72559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Girty, Melissa S.","contributorId":41179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Girty","given":"Melissa","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schweickert, Richard A.","contributorId":60107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schweickert","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harwood, David S.","contributorId":48153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harwood","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Yoshinobu, Aaron S.","contributorId":310424,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yoshinobu","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bryan, Kevin A.","contributorId":310425,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bryan","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Skinner, June E.","contributorId":310426,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Skinner","given":"June","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hill, Chris A.","contributorId":310427,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hill","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70209575,"text":"70209575 - 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