Water samples were collected from Lake Tahoe at midlake and nearshore stations at three depths (25, 50, and 75 m, corresponding to light intensities of approximately 10, 1, and 0.1% of surface light) in May and September. The water samples were evaluated to decide the following: (1) whether carbon fixation was N-limited and whether there were differences between picoplankton and larger phytoplankters and (2) the relative importance of picoplankton carbon fixation and related photosynthetic parameters. Evidence of N-limitation was observed only in September at the midlake station for the populations at 50 and 75 m, and to a lesser extent at the nearshore station at 75 m, but only for the nanoplankton fraction. The contribution of picoplankton to total carbon fixation ranged from 34 to 69% and did not increase with depth. Low values for Ik, the photoadaptation parameter, for deep water populations (0.1% light level) in September, but not May, suggested that these populations were adapted to low light in the fall but not the spring.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/f95-005","usgsCitation":"Chang, C.C., and Petersen, R.G., 1995, Evidence of autumn nitrogen limitation and contribution of picoplankton to carbon fixation in Lake Tahoe: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 52, no. 1, p. 54-62, https://doi.org/10.1139/f95-005.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"54","endPage":"62","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":418708,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Lake Tahoe","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.94532102414033,\n 38.95445200189158\n ],\n [\n -119.94622640266238,\n 38.97345917990097\n ],\n [\n -119.94984791675054,\n 38.98401651966452\n ],\n [\n -119.94713178118441,\n 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G.","contributorId":44232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":876968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70199596,"text":"70199596 - 1995 - Occurrence and distribution of pesticides in streams of the Midwestern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-21T08:26:29","indexId":"70199596","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T08:24:03","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Occurrence and distribution of pesticides in streams of the Midwestern United States","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Agrochemical environmental fate: State of the art","language":"English","publisher":"Lewis","publisherLocation":"Boca Raton, FL","usgsCitation":"Goolsby, D.A., and Battaglin, W.A., 1995, Occurrence and distribution of pesticides in streams of the Midwestern United States, chap. of Agrochemical environmental fate: State of the art, p. 159-173.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"159","endPage":"173","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357607,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c110fc5e4b034bf6a8117c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goolsby, D. A.","contributorId":50508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Battaglin, William A. 0000-0001-7287-7096 wbattagl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7287-7096","contributorId":1527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"William","email":"wbattagl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70199591,"text":"70199591 - 1995 - Isotope tracers on water and solute sources in catchments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-21T08:03:13","indexId":"70199591","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T08:00:18","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Isotope tracers on water and solute sources in catchments","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Solute modelling in catchment systems","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"New York","usgsCitation":"Kendall, C., Sklash, C., and Bullen, T.D., 1995, Isotope tracers on water and solute sources in catchments, chap. of Solute modelling in catchment systems, p. 261-303.","productDescription":"43 p.","startPage":"261","endPage":"303","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357603,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c110fc5e4b034bf6a8117c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kendall, Carol 0000-0002-0247-3405 ckendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":1462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Carol","email":"ckendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sklash, C.","contributorId":208098,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sklash","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bullen, Thomas D. 0000-0003-2281-1691 tdbullen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2281-1691","contributorId":1969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"Thomas","email":"tdbullen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70198687,"text":"70198687 - 1995 - Transport of reacting solutes in rivers and streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-15T07:12:51","indexId":"70198687","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T07:10:55","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Transport of reacting solutes in rivers and streams","docAbstract":"In this chapter we discuss the major processes affecting solutes in rivers and streams. Here a solute is generally defined as any substance or entity that is transported downstream by the flowing waters. Under this definition, solutes may be pollutants, such as pesticides and hydrocarbons, or naturally occurring substances such as dissolved gases, nutrients, and trace elements. Study of the processes affecting solutes is an important undertaking, as pollutants may pose a threat to public health when the affected waterbody is used as a water supply or for recreational purposes. Another important issue is the effect of pollutants on the aquatic organisms that inhabit the stream ecosystem.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental hydrology","language":"English","publisher":"Springer, Dordrecht ","doi":"10.1007/978-94-017-1439-6_5","usgsCitation":"Runkel, R.L., and Bencala, K.E., 1995, Transport of reacting solutes in rivers and streams, chap. of Environmental hydrology, v. 15, p. 137-164, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1439-6_5.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"137","endPage":"164","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356465,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c110fc5e4b034bf6a8117c9","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Singh, Vijay P.","contributorId":176741,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Singh","given":"Vijay","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742579,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Runkel, Robert L. 0000-0003-3220-481X runkel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-481X","contributorId":685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"Robert","email":"runkel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bencala, Kenneth E. kbencala@usgs.gov","contributorId":1541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbencala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":742578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1000826,"text":"1000826 - 1995 - Climatic-change implications from long-term (1823-1994) ice records for the Laurentian Great Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-31T02:22:09.115658","indexId":"1000826","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":794,"text":"Annals of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climatic-change implications from long-term (1823-1994) ice records for the Laurentian Great Lakes","docAbstract":"Long-term ice records (1823-1994) from six sites in different parts of the Laurentian Great Lakes region were used to show the type and general timing of climatic changes throughout the region. The general timing of both freeze-up and ice loss varies and is driven by local air temperatures, adjacent water bodies and mixing, and site morphometry. Grand Traverse Bay and Buffalo Harbor represent deeper-water environments affected by mixing of off-shore waters; Chequamegon Bay, Memnominee, Lake Mendota, and Toronto Harbor represent relatively shallow-water, protected environments. Freeze-up dates gradually become later and ice-loss dates gradually earlier from the start of records to the 1890s in both environments, marking the end of the 'Little Ice Age.' After this, freeze-up dates remained relatively constant suggesting little change in early-winter air temperatures during the 20th century. Ice-loss dates at Grand Traverse Bay and Buffalo Harbor (but not at the other sites) became earlier during the 1940s and 1970s and became later during the 1960s. The global warming of the 1980s was marked by a trend toward earlier ice-loss dates in both environments.","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.3189/S0260305500016104","usgsCitation":"Assel, R., Robertson, D.M., Hoff, M., and Selgeby, J., 1995, Climatic-change implications from long-term (1823-1994) ice records for the Laurentian Great Lakes: Annals of Glaciology, v. 21, p. 383-386, https://doi.org/10.3189/S0260305500016104.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"383","endPage":"386","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479237,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500016104","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":133824,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.11,41.4 ], [ -92.11,48.85 ], [ -76.3,48.85 ], [ -76.3,41.4 ], [ -92.11,41.4 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4937e4b07f02db5860c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Assel, R. A.","contributorId":81462,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Assel","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[{"id":16685,"text":"National Oceanic and Atmopheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":309536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoff, M.H.","contributorId":95439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoff","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Selgeby, J.H.","contributorId":44859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selgeby","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":85718,"text":"85718 - 1995 - Sea otters in the northern Pacific Ocean","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":85718,"text":"85718 - 1995 - Sea otters in the northern Pacific Ocean","indexId":"85718","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Sea otters in the northern Pacific Ocean"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-18T14:40:49","indexId":"85718","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Sea otters in the northern Pacific Ocean","docAbstract":"About 250 years ago sea otters (Enhydra lutris) were distributed continuously from central Baja California, north and west along the Pacific Rim to Machatka Peninsula in Russia, and south along the Kuril Island to northern Japan (Kenyon 1969; Fig. 1a). Several hundred thousand sea otters may have occurred in the north Pacific region when commercial hunting began in the 18th century (Riedman and Estes 1990).
At least two attributes of the sea otter have influenced humans, likely for as long as they have resided together along the coast of the north Pacific Ocean. First, sea otters rely on a dense fur, among the finest in the world, for insulation in the cold waters of the Pacific Ocean. The demand for sea otter fur led to their near extinction in the 19th century. The fur harvest, begun about 1740 and halted by international treaty in 1911, left surviving colonies, each likely numbering less than a few hundred animals, in California, south-central Alaska, and the Aleutian, Medney, and Kuril Islands (Fig. 1a). These individuals provided the nucleus for the recovery of the species. Today more than 100,000 sea otters occur throughout about 75% of their original range (fig. 1b). Immigration has resulted in near-complete occupation of the Aleutian and Kuril archipelagos and the Alaska peninsula. Successful translocations have resulted in viable populations in southeast Alaska, Washington, and British Columbia. Large amounts of unoccupied habitat remain along the coasts of Russia, Canada, the United States, and Mexico.
The second potential source of conflict between sea otters and humans is that sea otters prey on and often limit some benthic invertebrate populations. Because some of these invertebrates are aso used by humans (Estes and VanBlaricom 1985), human perceptions about the effects of sea otter foraging on invertebrates sometimes differ. By limiting populations of herbivorous invertebrates (e.g., sea urchins [Echinoidea]) otters help maintain the integrity of kelp forest communities. At the same time, sea otter predation on other marine invertebrates can lead to direct competition with humans for resources. These interactions add complex dimensions to the conservation and management of sea otters, in large part because of wide-ranging social, ecological, and economic consequences of sea otter foraging.
Long-term data on abundance and distribution are available for relatively few sea otter populations. Here we summarize such data from three populations: Being Island, Russia; Prince William Sound, Alaska; and Olympic Peninsula, Washington. The Bering Island population resulted from natural emigration and represents complete recovery. Prince William Sounds represents near recovery of a remnant population, whereas the Washington population was established via translocations from Alaska and is just beginning to recover. We will compare growth rates and current status among these populations. Because of its unique status and growth characteristics, the California sea otter is not treated in this article.
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The goal of ecosystem management is to understand the habitat requirements of many species and thereby assess the impact of a variety of human activities on regional biodiversity rather than to manage for individual species. In support of the management of the natural resources of San Francisco Bay and the delta, the USGS is augmenting its ongoing research program to provide additional research, monitoring, and assessment information and to improve the availability of that information. Following a workshop with resource and regulatory agency representatives, hosted by the USGS in early 1994, USGS researchers identified specific areas where existing and new scientific information could contribute to resolving some of the critical bay and delta land and aquatic management issues. The \"ecosystems initiative\" effort now underway addresses questions in three areas:
\nFollowing is a brief description of activities being supported by this initiative.
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In winter 1992, there were pulses of increased sea level and anomalous circulation. El Nino conditions persisted at least through summer 1993. The effects of this ENSO event on major groundfish species and Pacific herring in the northern Gulf of Alaska were examined and compared with the effects of previous ENSO events. There is little evidence that the 1991-93 or 1982-83 ENSO events affected landings of walleye pollock, Pacific cod, Pacific halibut, or arrowtooth flounder. Some changes in distribution of groundfish species were observed in 1993, but the effect was similar to changes observed in non-ENSO warm years. In general, warm ocean conditions have a positive effect on recruitment of northern stocks, but ENSO events appear to have an inconsistent effect on year-class strength within species and among different species. For example, strong year classes of halibut and arrowtooth flounder sometimes, but not always, coincide with ENSO events; ENSO events are associated with moderate to weak year classes of cod and pollock. However, post-ENSO warm years often are associated with strong recruitment of many groundfish species. Major changes have occurred in the Gulf of Alaska ecosystem since 1977. The influence of the 1976 ENSO event in precipitating these changes and the role of the frequency or strength of subsequent El Nino events is presently unknown. Herring and other stocks of small pelagic fishes may be more affected by ENSO events. In particular, decreased catches, recruitment, and weight-at-age of herring are sometimes associated with ENSO events. Furthermore, a variety of seabirds which feed mostly on pelagic forage fishes or the pelagic juvenile stages of groundfish suffered widespread mortalities and breeding failures in the Gulf of Alaska during the ENSO years of 1983 and 1993. These effects on seabirds were also observed over a wider geographic range, from California to the western Bering Sea.","language":"English","publisher":"California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI) ","issn":"0575-3317","usgsCitation":"Bailey, K., Macklin, S., Reed, R., Brodeur, R., Ingraham, W., Piatt, J.F., Shima, M., Francis, R., Anderson, P., Royer, T., Hollowed, A., Somerton, D., and Wooster, W., 1995, ENSO events in the northern Gulf of Alaska, and effects on selected marine fisheries, 78-96.","productDescription":"78-96","startPage":"78","endPage":"96","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197757,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c302","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bailey, K.M.","contributorId":80781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Macklin, S.A.","contributorId":31493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macklin","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reed, R.K.","contributorId":27582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"R.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brodeur, R.D.","contributorId":18873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brodeur","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ingraham, W.J.","contributorId":13339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingraham","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":325936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Shima, M.","contributorId":57564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shima","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Francis, R.C.","contributorId":62709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Francis","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Anderson, P.J.","contributorId":83058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Royer, T.C.","contributorId":107817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royer","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Hollowed, A.","contributorId":99663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hollowed","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Somerton, D.A.","contributorId":20859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Somerton","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Wooster, W.S.","contributorId":80379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooster","given":"W.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":2002215,"text":"2002215 - 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","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service, Natural Resources Publication Office","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","usgsCitation":"Fellers, G.M., and Drost, C.A., 1995, Handbook for restoring native animals: Natural Resource Report NPS/NRPORE/NRR-95/19, vi, 34 p.","productDescription":"vi, 34 p.","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198325,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db648584","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fellers, Gary M. 0000-0003-4092-0285 gary_fellers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4092-0285","contributorId":3150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fellers","given":"Gary","email":"gary_fellers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":326207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drost, Charles A. 0000-0002-4792-7095 charles_drost@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4792-7095","contributorId":3151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drost","given":"Charles","email":"charles_drost@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":326208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2002245,"text":"2002245 - 1995 - A Standardized Protocol for Surveying Aquatic Amphibians","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:02","indexId":"2002245","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":91,"text":"Technical Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"NPS/WRUC/NRTR-95-001","title":"A Standardized Protocol for Surveying Aquatic Amphibians","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"University of California Cooperative Park Studies Unit,","publisherLocation":"Davis, CA","usgsCitation":"Fellers, G.M., and Freel, K.L., 1995, A Standardized Protocol for Surveying Aquatic Amphibians: Technical Report NPS/WRUC/NRTR-95-001, v, 123 p.","productDescription":"v, 123 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"0","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198126,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b14ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fellers, Gary M. 0000-0003-4092-0285 gary_fellers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4092-0285","contributorId":3150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fellers","given":"Gary","email":"gary_fellers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":326263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freel, Kathleen L.","contributorId":34621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freel","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":7000093,"text":"7000093 - 1995 - U.S. Geological Survey yearbook, fiscal year 1994","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70209293,"text":"70209293 - 1995 - Impact of the 1993 floods in the upper Mississippi River basin","indexId":"70209293","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Impact of the 1993 floods in the upper Mississippi River basin"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":7000093,"text":"7000093 - 1995 - U.S. Geological Survey yearbook, fiscal year 1994","indexId":"7000093","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"U.S. Geological Survey yearbook, fiscal year 1994"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T12:46:36","indexId":"7000093","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":392,"text":"Yearbook","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"U.S. Geological Survey yearbook, fiscal year 1994","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geologlical Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/7000093","isbn":"01629484","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1995, U.S. Geological Survey yearbook, fiscal year 1994: Yearbook, vi, 134 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/7000093.","productDescription":"vi, 134 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195848,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/yb/1994fy/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":101695,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/yb/1994fy/report.pdf","size":"38618","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611f20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70019621,"text":"70019621 - 1995 - Growth of strain SES-3 with arsenate and other diverse electron acceptors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-17T19:53:31.585082","indexId":"70019621","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Growth of strain SES-3 with arsenate and other diverse electron acceptors","docAbstract":"The selenate-respiring bacterial strain SES-3 was able to use a variety of inorganic electron acceptors to sustain growth. SES-3 grew with the reduction of arsenate to arsenite, Fe(III) to Fe(II), or thiosulfate to sulfide. It also grew in medium in which elemental sulfur, Mn(IV), nitrite, trimethylamine N-oxide, or fumarate was provided as an electron acceptor. Growth on oxygen was microaerophilic. There was no growth with arsenite or chromate. Washed suspensions of cells grown on selenate or nitrate had a constitutive ability to reduce arsenate but were unable to reduce arsenite. These results suggest that strain SES-3 may occupy a niche as an environmental opportunist by being able to take advantage of a diversity of electron acceptors.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/aem.61.10.3556-3561.1995","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Laverman, A., Blum, J., Schaefer, J., Phillips, E.J., Lovley, D.R., and Oremland, R., 1995, Growth of strain SES-3 with arsenate and other diverse electron acceptors: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 61, no. 10, p. 3556-3561, https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.61.10.3556-3561.1995.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"3556","endPage":"3561","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480203,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.61.10.3556-3561.1995","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":228049,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2dfbe4b0c8380cd5c1d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laverman, A.M.","contributorId":8238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laverman","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blum, J.S.","contributorId":105070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blum","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schaefer, J.K.","contributorId":17256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaefer","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Phillips, Elizabeth J.P.","contributorId":37475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Elizabeth","middleInitial":"J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lovley, Derek R.","contributorId":107852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovley","given":"Derek","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Oremland, R.S.","contributorId":97512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70019625,"text":"70019625 - 1995 - Minor elements in Quaternary sediment from the Sea of Japan: A record of surface-water productivity and intermediate-water redox conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-23T15:27:46.001166","indexId":"70019625","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Minor elements in Quaternary sediment from the Sea of Japan: A record of surface-water productivity and intermediate-water redox conditions","docAbstract":"Sediment of Quaternary age from Oki Ridge (903 m depth) in the Sea of Japan (∼3500 m deep) records six episodes of high accumulation rates of Cd, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, U, V, and Zn. The high rates correspond to periods of sulfate reduction in the water column at the intermediate depth of Oki Ridge; the intervening low values correspond to periods of denitrification and oxygen respiration. The maxima have a period of 41 k.y., the youngest having an age of 1.10 Ma. The 41 k.y. cycle is similar to the cycle of δ18O values of open-ocean plankton of the same age. The similarity between the cycles of minor-element accumulation in Sea of Japan sediment and δ18O values of Atlantic Ocean foraminifera indicates that redox changes in the water column of the Sea of Japan during the Quaternary, forced by major shifts in water-column advection and minor shifts in photic-zone productivity, reflect global events.
The amount of water held in individual wetland basins depends not only on local climate patterns but also on groundwater flow regime, soil permeability, and basin size. Most wetland basins in the northern prairies hold water in some years and are dry in others. To assess the potential effect of climate change on the number of wetland basins holding water in a given year, one must first determine how much of the variability in number of wet basins is accounted for by climatic variables. I used multiple linear regression to examine the relationship between climate variables and percentage of wet basins throughout the Prairie Pothole Region of Canada and the United States. The region was divided into three areas: parkland, Canadian grassland, and United States grassland (i.e., North Dakota and South Dakota). The models - which included variables for spring and fall temperature, yearly precipitation, the previous year's count of wet basins, and for grassland areas, the previous fall precipitation - accounted for 63 to 65% of the variation in the number of wet basins. I then explored the sensitivities of the models to changes in temperature and precipitation, as might be associated with increased greenhouse gas concentrations. Parkland wetlands are shown to be much more vulnerable to increased temperatures than are wetlands in either Canadian or United States grasslands. Sensitivity to increased precipitation did not vary geographically. These results have implications for waterfowl and other wildlife populations that depend on availability of wetlands in the parklands for breeding or during periods of drought in the southern grasslands.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01091840","usgsCitation":"Larson, D.L., 1995, Effects of climate on numbers of northern prairie wetlands: Climatic Change, v. 30, no. 2, p. 169-180, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01091840.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"180","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134337,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2fe4b07f02db616141","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, Diane L. 0000-0001-5202-0634 dlarson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5202-0634","contributorId":2120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Diane","email":"dlarson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70019693,"text":"70019693 - 1995 - Off-site movement of pesticide-contaminated fill from agrichemical facilities during the 1993 flooding in Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-29T12:24:52.339484","indexId":"70019693","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Off-site movement of pesticide-contaminated fill from agrichemical facilities during the 1993 flooding in Illinois","docAbstract":"Twenty retail agrichemical facilities were flooded. There was a concern that pesticide-contaminated road fill at these facilities had been transported into residential areas by the flooding. Forty fill and flood-related sediment samples were collected at six facilities. No significant accumulation of sediments was present at any of the six facilities. At five of the six facilities, it did not appear that road fill had been transported off-site. Pesticides were detected in sediment samples collected off-site adjacent to five of the facilities. Of the 21 samples collected off-site, atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazide) and metolachlor (2-chloro-6′-ethyl-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acet-o-toluidine) were detected in 86 and 81% of the samples, respectively. When compared with on-site concentrations, off-site pesticide concentrations were either at similar levels, or were as much as three orders of magnitude less. The interpretation of the pesticide data was difficult and often inconclusive, because there were no background data on the occurrence and distribution of pesticides at each site before flooding.