{"pageNumber":"3904","pageRowStart":"97575","pageSize":"25","recordCount":185177,"records":[{"id":96591,"text":"96591 - 1995 - Distribution and breeding status of the least Bell's vireo at the San Luis Rey River, San Diego County, California, 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:50","indexId":"96591","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Distribution and breeding status of the least Bell's vireo at the San Luis Rey River, San Diego County, California, 1994","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Kus, B., 1995, Distribution and breeding status of the least Bell's vireo at the San Luis Rey River, San Diego County, California, 1994, 25 p.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"25","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126908,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db649f6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kus, B.E.","contributorId":99492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kus","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":87317,"text":"87317 - 1995 - Disappearance of the Tarahumara frog","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":87317,"text":"87317 - 1995 - Disappearance of the Tarahumara frog","indexId":"87317","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Disappearance of the Tarahumara frog"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-18T14:53:46","indexId":"87317","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Disappearance of the Tarahumara frog","docAbstract":"<p>In the spring of 1983 the last known Tarahumara frog in the United States was found dead. Overall, the species seems to be doing well in Mexico, although the decline of more northern populations are of concern. The Tarahumara frog (<i>Rana tarahumarae</i>) inhabits seasonal and permanent bedrock and bouldery streams in the foothills and main mountain mass of the Sierra Madre Occidental of northwestern Mexico. It ranges from northern Sinaloa, through western Chihuahua and eastern and northern Sonora, and until recently into extreme south-central Arizona (Fig. 1). Arizona localities, all in Santa Cruz County, include three drainages in the Atascosa-Pajarito Mountains (Campbell 1931; Little 1940; Williams 1960) and three in the Santa Rita Mountains (Hale et al. 1977).</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Biological Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Hale, S., Schwalbe, C., Jarchow, J., May, C., Lowe, C., and Johnson, T., 1995, Disappearance of the Tarahumara frog, chap. <i>of</i> Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems, p. 138-140.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"138","endPage":"140","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128205,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":265981,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.webharvest.gov/peth04/20041019015728/https://biology.usgs.gov/s+t/index.htm","linkHelpText":"Archived website"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64ab2b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"LaRoe, Edward T.","contributorId":112276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaRoe","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504966,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farris, Gaye S.","contributorId":84410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farris","given":"Gaye","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":504969,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Puckett, Catherine E. cpuckett@usgs.gov","contributorId":4629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckett","given":"Catherine","email":"cpuckett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":504967,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doran, Peter D.","contributorId":17533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504968,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mac, Michael J.","contributorId":16772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mac","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504965,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Hale, S.F.","contributorId":21104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hale","given":"S.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwalbe, C.R.","contributorId":35259,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwalbe","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jarchow, J.L.","contributorId":95417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarchow","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"May, C.","contributorId":34854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lowe, C.H.","contributorId":60567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowe","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Johnson, T.B.","contributorId":21490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"T.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":96212,"text":"96212 - 1995 - Amphibian Populations in the Commonwealth of Independent States: Current Status and Declines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:55","indexId":"96212","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"Amphibian Populations in the Commonwealth of Independent States: Current Status and Declines","docAbstract":"Abstract not supplied at this time","language":"English","publisher":"Pensoft Publishing","publisherLocation":"Moscow, Russia","usgsCitation":"1995, Amphibian Populations in the Commonwealth of Independent States: Current Status and Declines, 159 pp.","productDescription":"159 pp.","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127555,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db6868c7","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Kuzmin, S.L.","contributorId":98242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuzmin","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505679,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dodd, C.K.","contributorId":35698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodd","given":"C.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505678,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pikulik, M.M.","contributorId":111313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pikulik","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505680,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":96648,"text":"96648 - 1995 - Bullfrogs: Introduced predators in southwestern wetlands","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":96648,"text":"96648 - 1995 - Bullfrogs: Introduced predators in southwestern wetlands","indexId":"96648","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Bullfrogs: Introduced predators in southwestern wetlands"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-19T11:41:00","indexId":"96648","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Bullfrogs: Introduced predators in southwestern wetlands","docAbstract":"<p>In the American Southwest, much of the native fish fauna is facing extinction (Minckley and Deacon 1991); frogs in California (Fellers and Drost 1993) and frogs and garter snakes in Arizona (Schwalbe and Rosen 1988) are also in critical decline. Habitat destruction and introduced predators appear to be primary causes of native frog declines (Jennings and Hayes 1994), and habitat modification often yields ponds and lakes especially suitable for introduced species. Introduced bullfrogs (<i>Rana catesbeiana</i>) have been blamed for amphibian declines in much of western North America (e.g., Hayes and Jennings 1986; Leonard et al. 1993; Vial and Saylor 1993). Extensive cannibalism by bullfrogs renders them especially potent predators at the population level. The tadpoles require only perennial water and grazeable plant material; hence, transforming young can sustain a dense adult bullfrog population even if alternate prey are depleted. This may increase the probability that native species may be extirpated by bullfrog predation.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p>Introduced predatory fishes are apparently an important cause of frog declines (Hayes and Jennings 1986). They have been strongly implicated in one important case of decline of native ranid frog (family Ranidae, the \"true\" frogs; Bradford 1989). Some introduced crayfish may also be devastating in some areas (Jennings and Hayes 1994). In our study region, however, neither introduced fishes nor crayfish are dominant. We present results that sustain a \"bullfrog hypothesis\" for some native ranid declines, and we present our study as an example of how evidence accumulates to support such a hypothesis.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p>In 1985 we began documenting historical localities for wetland herpetofaunas (reptiles and amphibians), based on museum records and personal interviews, then revisited these and additional areas to determine current species' status. Results of this process, plus circumstantial evidence, suggested that the bullfrog was a primary cause for declines of leopard frogs and garter snakes in southern Arizona (Schwalbe and Rosen 1988).&nbsp;</p><p>In 1986-89 and 1992-93 we conducted removal censuses of bullfrogs at San Bernardino National Wildlife Refuge (SBNWR), Cochise County, Arizona. We simultaneously monitored native Chiricahua leopard frogs (<i>R. chiricahuensis</i>) and Mexican garter snakes (<i>Thamnophis eques</i>) at the sites of bullfrog removal. A control site, with no bullfrog removal, was established in comparable habitat at Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge (BANWR), Pima County, Arizona.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Biological Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Rosen, P.C., and Schwalbe, C.R., 1995, Bullfrogs: Introduced predators in southwestern wetlands, chap. <i>of</i> Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems, p. 452-454.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"452","endPage":"454","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127690,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339952,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.webharvest.gov/peth04/20041019015728/https://biology.usgs.gov/s+t/index.htm","linkHelpText":"Archived website"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fa7e6","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"LaRoe, Edward T.","contributorId":112276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaRoe","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505723,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farris, Gaye S.","contributorId":84410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farris","given":"Gaye","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536239,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Puckett, Catherine E. cpuckett@usgs.gov","contributorId":4629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckett","given":"Catherine","email":"cpuckett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":691992,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doran, Peter D.","contributorId":17533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691993,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mac, Michael J.","contributorId":16772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mac","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691994,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Rosen, Philip C.","contributorId":70311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosen","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":300002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwalbe, Cecil R. cschwalbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":3077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwalbe","given":"Cecil","email":"cschwalbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":300001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":96547,"text":"96547 - 1995 - Effectiveness of Fences and Culverts for Protecting Desert Tortoises along California State Highway 58: 1991-1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:03","indexId":"96547","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Effectiveness of Fences and Culverts for Protecting Desert Tortoises along California State Highway 58: 1991-1994","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","collaboration":"Report to California Energy Commission","usgsCitation":"Boarman, W., 1995, Effectiveness of Fences and Culverts for Protecting Desert Tortoises along California State Highway 58: 1991-1994, 52 p.","productDescription":"52 p.","startPage":"52","numberOfPages":"52","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":128735,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db6253c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boarman, W.I.","contributorId":73523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boarman","given":"W.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1000758,"text":"1000758 - 1995 - Preference of redear sunfish on zebra mussels and rams-horn snails","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-14T13:53:07","indexId":"1000758","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preference of redear sunfish on zebra mussels and rams-horn snails","docAbstract":"<p><span>We tested prey preferences of adult (200- to 222-mm long) redear sunfish (</span><i>Lepomis microlophus</i><span>) on two size classes of zebra mussels (</span><i>Dreissena polymorpha</i><span>) and two-ridge rams-horns (</span><i>Helisoma anceps</i><span>) in experimental aquaria. We also tested physical limitations on consuming these mollusks and determined prey bioenergetic profitability. Redear sunfish strongly preferred rams-horns over zebra mussels, but they displayed no size preference for either prey. Ingestion was not physically limited since both prey species up to 15-mm long fit within the pharyngeal gapes of redear sunfish. Rams-horns were more bioenergetically profitable than zebra mussels and ingestion of rams-horn shell fragments was about three times less than zebra mussels. Rams-horns were somewhat more resistant to shell-crushing, but all size ranges of both prey species tested were crushable by redear sunfish. These studies suggested that the redear sunfish should not be considered a panacea for biological control of zebra mussels.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02705060.1995.9663416","usgsCitation":"French, J.R., and Morgan, M.N., 1995, Preference of redear sunfish on zebra mussels and rams-horn snails: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 10, no. 1, p. 49-56, https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.1995.9663416.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"56","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130236,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e7bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"French, John R. P. III","contributorId":107635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"French","given":"John","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"R. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morgan, Michael N.","contributorId":28929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1003178,"text":"1003178 - 1995 - Evaluation of an extendable pole-net to collect heron eggs in the canopy of tall trees","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-18T14:33:34.643718","indexId":"1003178","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1272,"text":"Colonial Waterbirds","printIssn":"07386028","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of an extendable pole-net to collect heron eggs in the canopy of tall trees","docAbstract":"A pole, extendable from 2 to 8 m, with a nylon-mesh collecting net, was used to retrieve eggs from nests of  Great Blue Herons (Ardea herodias) in the canopy of floodplain forests. A total of 200 eggs was collected for  contaminant analysis from ten colonies along the upper Mississippi River during the spring of 1993. Low egg  breakage (1%) and acceptable survival of embryos in an incubator to pipping (55%) indicated that the device  was useful.","language":"English","publisher":"Waterbird Society","doi":"10.2307/1521409","issn":"07386028","usgsCitation":"Hines, R.K., and Custer, T., 1995, Evaluation of an extendable pole-net to collect heron eggs in the canopy of tall trees: Colonial Waterbirds, v. 18, no. 1, p. 120-122, https://doi.org/10.2307/1521409.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"120","endPage":"122","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129740,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5f9cd0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hines, R. K.","contributorId":27819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Custer, T. W. 0000-0003-3170-6519","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":91802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"T. W.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":312882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":96584,"text":"96584 - 1995 - Breeding status of the least Bell's vireo in the Tijuana River Valley, California, 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:50","indexId":"96584","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Breeding status of the least Bell's vireo in the Tijuana River Valley, California, 1995","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Kus, B., 1995, Breeding status of the least Bell's vireo in the Tijuana River Valley, California, 1995, 39 p.","productDescription":"39 p.","startPage":"39","numberOfPages":"39","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126901,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb38e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kus, B.E.","contributorId":99492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kus","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":94717,"text":"94717 - 1995 - Conservation landmarks: bureau of biological survey and national biological service","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:55","indexId":"94717","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Conservation landmarks: bureau of biological survey and national biological service","docAbstract":"A century separates the recent development of the National Biological Service (NBS) and an early predecessor, the Bureau of Biological Survey (BBS). Both organizations were established at critical crossroads for the conservation of the nation's living biological resources and are conservation landmarks of their times. The BBS of the 192()'s was described as 'a government Bureau of the first rank, handling affairs of great scientific, educational, social, and above all, economic importance throughout the United States and its outlying possessions'' (Cameron 1929:144-145). This stature was achieved at a time of great social, economic, and ecological change. BBS had the vision to pioneer new approaches that led to enhanced understanding of the relation between people, other living things, and the environment. The NBS faces similar challenges to address the issues of the 1990's and beyond.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Our Living Resources: A Report to the Nation on the Distribution, Abundance, and Health of the U.S. Plants, Animals, and Ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Biological Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","usgsCitation":"Friend, M., 1995, Conservation landmarks: bureau of biological survey and national biological service, p. 7-9.","productDescription":"p. 7-9","startPage":"7","endPage":"9","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127561,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":14754,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/wcpa/oclc/32999628","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"4207.000000000000000"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db6976fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friend, M. 0000-0002-2882-3629","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2882-3629","contributorId":82634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friend","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":96567,"text":"96567 - 1995 - Arizona's Hot Desert Scrublands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:56","indexId":"96567","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Arizona's Hot Desert Scrublands","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"Arizona Comparative Environmental Risk Project, Arizona Department of Environmental Quality","publisherLocation":"Phoenix, AZ","collaboration":"Arizona Comparative Environmental Risk Report, Section 2. Ecosystems.","usgsCitation":"Patten, D., and Halvorson, W.L., 1995, Arizona's Hot Desert Scrublands, p. 87-100.","productDescription":"p. 87-100","startPage":"87","endPage":"100","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127641,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abce4b07f02db672e8c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Collins, M.","contributorId":49224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505712,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McHenry, J.","contributorId":111916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHenry","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505713,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peart, D.","contributorId":112058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peart","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505714,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Patten, D.T.","contributorId":15955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patten","given":"D.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Halvorson, W. L.","contributorId":26246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halvorson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1001850,"text":"1001850 - 1995 - Bird censuses 123-128: Kentucky bluegrass prairie and mixed prairies I-V","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-27T13:41:25","indexId":"1001850","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bird censuses 123-128: Kentucky bluegrass prairie and mixed prairies I-V","docAbstract":"Abstract has not been submitted","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Field Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Johnson, D.H., 1995, Bird censuses 123-128: Kentucky bluegrass prairie and mixed prairies I-V: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 66, p. 109-111.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"111","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129337,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2fe4b07f02db616441","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1007913,"text":"1007913 - 1995 - Studying protected areas in North America and Hawaii; a research biography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:17","indexId":"1007913","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2600,"text":"Landscape Architecture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Studying protected areas in North America and Hawaii; a research biography","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landscape Architecture","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Schonewald, C., 1995, Studying protected areas in North America and Hawaii; a research biography: Landscape Architecture, no. December.","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129931,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"December","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699c7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schonewald, C.","contributorId":81831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schonewald","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1007877,"text":"1007877 - 1995 - Shatterberry manzanitas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:17","indexId":"1007877","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1691,"text":"Four Seasons","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shatterberry manzanitas","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Four Seasons","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J., 1995, Shatterberry manzanitas: Four Seasons, v. 10, no. 1, p. 68-70.","productDescription":"p. 68-70","startPage":"68","endPage":"70","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129900,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e0e92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":69082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1014683,"text":"1014683 - 1995 - Site guide: wetlands and aquatic habitats of northcentral Tioga County: SGL 313 (\"The Muck\"), Hammond Lake, Hills Creek Lake, and Tauscher Pond","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:19","indexId":"1014683","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3026,"text":"Pennsylvania Birds","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Site guide: wetlands and aquatic habitats of northcentral Tioga County: SGL 313 (\"The Muck\"), Hammond Lake, Hills Creek Lake, and Tauscher Pond","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pennsylvania Birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"96-023/PY96/NF","usgsCitation":"Ross, R.M., 1995, Site guide: wetlands and aquatic habitats of northcentral Tioga County: SGL 313 (\"The Muck\"), Hammond Lake, Hills Creek Lake, and Tauscher Pond: Pennsylvania Birds, v. 9, no. 2, p. 67-69.","productDescription":"p. 67-69","startPage":"67","endPage":"69","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129926,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f6e4b07f02db5f17aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ross, R. M.","contributorId":39311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":85752,"text":"85752 - 1995 - Caranigidae. Vertebrados - Part 1","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:01","indexId":"85752","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Caranigidae. Vertebrados - Part 1","docAbstract":"Abstract not supplied at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"1995 Guia FAO para la indetificacion de especies paplos Pacifico centr-oriental. Vol. II [2]","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Roma, FAO","usgsCitation":"Smith-Vaniz, W., 1995, Caranigidae. Vertebrados - Part 1, chap. <i>of</i> 1995 Guia FAO para la indetificacion de especies paplos Pacifico centr-oriental. Vol. II [2], v. 2, p. 940-986.","productDescription":"p. 940-986","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128013,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f5ae6","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Fischer, W. F.","contributorId":112749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"W. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504754,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krupp, F.","contributorId":111495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krupp","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504751,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schneider, W.","contributorId":113347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504755,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sommer, C.","contributorId":112317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sommer","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504753,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Carpenter, K.E.","contributorId":28076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504750,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nien, V.H.","contributorId":112274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nien","given":"V.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504752,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":6}],"authors":[{"text":"Smith-Vaniz, W. F.","contributorId":20684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith-Vaniz","given":"W. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":95298,"text":"95298 - 1995 - Acidic deposition (\"acid rain\")","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":95298,"text":"95298 - 1995 - Acidic deposition (\"acid rain\")","indexId":"95298","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Acidic deposition (\"acid rain\")"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-19T11:19:36","indexId":"95298","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Acidic deposition (\"acid rain\")","docAbstract":"<p>Acidic deposition, or \"acid rain,\" describes any form of precipitation, including rain, snow, and fog, with a pH of 5.5 or below (Note: pH values below 7 are acidic; vinegar has a pH of 3). It often results when the acidity of normal precipitation is increased by sulfates and nitrates that are emitted into the atmosphere from burning fossil fuels. This form of airborne contamination is considered harmful, both directly and indirectly, to a host of plant and animal species.</p><p>Although acid rain can fall virtually anywhere, ecological damages in environmentally sensitive areas downwind of industrial and urban emissions are a major concern. This includes areas that have a reduced capacity to neutralize acid inputs because of low alkalinity soils and areas that contain species with a low tolerance to acid conditions. To determine the distribution of acidic deposition and evaluate its biological effects, research and monitoring are being conducted by the federal government with support from states, universities, and private industry.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p>The national extent of the acid rain problem has been estimated by sampling water from 3,000 lakes and 500 streams (Irving 1991), representing more than 28,000 lakes and 56,000 stream reaches with a total of 200,000 km (125,000 mi). Some particularly sensitive areas, such as the Adirondack Mountain region, have been more intensively sampled and the biota examined in detail for effects from acidity.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p>To identify trends in aquatic ecosystems, present and historical survey data on water chemistry and associated biota are compared. In lakes, the chemical and biological history and pH trends may be inferred or reconstructed in some cases by examining assemblages of fossil diatoms and aquatic invertebrates in the sediment layers. In terrestrial ecosystems, vegetation damage is surveyed and effects of acidic deposition to plants and animals are determined from laboratory and field exposure experiments. Natural variation in populations and the complex interactions between acidity and other ecosystem components make it difficult to extend many of the research findings to populations or communities. Acidity can also modify ecosystem processes such as decomposition and the flow of nutrients. Therefore, models are often used to predict such effects by combining information on individual species' effects, population distributions, and the patterns and amounts of acidic deposition.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Biological Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Schreiber, R.K., 1995, Acidic deposition (\"acid rain\"), chap. <i>of</i> Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems, p. 418-420.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"418","endPage":"420","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127448,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339948,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.webharvest.gov/peth04/20041019015728/https://biology.usgs.gov/s+t/index.htm","linkHelpText":"Archived website"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b13e4b07f02db6a350b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"LaRoe, Edward T.","contributorId":112276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaRoe","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505506,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farris, Gaye S.","contributorId":84410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farris","given":"Gaye","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":505509,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Puckett, Catherine E. cpuckett@usgs.gov","contributorId":4629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckett","given":"Catherine","email":"cpuckett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":505507,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doran, Peter D.","contributorId":17533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505508,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mac, Michael J.","contributorId":16772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mac","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505505,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Schreiber, R. Kent","contributorId":58145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreiber","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kent","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1007879,"text":"1007879 - 1995 - Costs and effectiveness of methods used for population estimates of bighorn sheep in Death Valley National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:17","indexId":"1007879","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1379,"text":"Desert Bighorn Council Transactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Costs and effectiveness of methods used for population estimates of bighorn sheep in Death Valley National Park","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Desert Bighorn Council Transactions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Douglas, C.L., and Longshore, K., 1995, Costs and effectiveness of methods used for population estimates of bighorn sheep in Death Valley National Park: Desert Bighorn Council Transactions, v. 39, p. 1-9.","productDescription":"p. 1-9","startPage":"1","endPage":"9","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129928,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db683e25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Douglas, C. L.","contributorId":64586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Longshore, K.M.","contributorId":70337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longshore","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70184397,"text":"70184397 - 1995 - Increasing frequency of plastic particles ingested by seabirds in the subarctic North Pacific","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-08T12:44:37","indexId":"70184397","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2676,"text":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Increasing frequency of plastic particles ingested by seabirds in the subarctic North Pacific","docAbstract":"<p><span>We examined gut contents of 1799 seabirds comprising 24 species collected in 1988-1990 to assess the types and quantities of plastic particles ingested by seabirds in the subarctic waters of Alaska. Of the 15 species found to ingest plastic, most were surface-feeders (shearwaters, petrels, gulls) or plankton-feeding divers (auklets, puffins). Of 4417 plastic particles examined, 76% were industrial pellets and 21% were fragments of ‘user’ plastic. Ingestion rates varied geographically, but no trends were evident and rates of plastic ingestion varied far more among species within areas than within species among areas. Comparison with similar data from 1968 seabirds comprising 37 species collected in 1969-1977 revealed that plastic ingestion by seabirds has increased significantly during the 10–15-year interval between studies. This was demonstrated by: (i) an increase in the total number of species ingesting plastic; (ii) an increase in the frequency of occurrence of plastic particles within species that ingested plastic; and, (iii) an increase in the mean number of plastic particles ingested by individuals of those species.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-326X(94)00121-O","usgsCitation":"Robards, M.D., Piatt, J.F., and Wohl, K.D., 1995, Increasing frequency of plastic particles ingested by seabirds in the subarctic North Pacific: Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 30, no. 2, p. 151-157, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-326X(94)00121-O.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"151","endPage":"157","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337079,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"North Pacific","volume":"30","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c12663e4b014cc3a3d3527","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robards, Martin D.","contributorId":40148,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robards","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wohl, Kenton D.","contributorId":77896,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wohl","given":"Kenton","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1007935,"text":"1007935 - 1995 - Sea otters and kelp forests in Alaska: Generality and variation in a community ecological paradigm","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-10T21:58:34.604286","indexId":"1007935","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1459,"text":"Ecological Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sea otters and kelp forests in Alaska: Generality and variation in a community ecological paradigm","docAbstract":"<p><span>Multiscale patterns of spatial and temporal variation in density and population structure were used to evaluate the generality of a three—trophic—level cascade among sea otters (Enhydra lutris), invertebrate herbivores, and macroalgae in Alaska. The paradigm holds that where sea otters occur herbivores are rare and plants are abundant, whereas when sea otters are absent herbivores are relatively common and plants are rare. Spatial patterns were based on 20 randomly placed quadrats at 153 randomly selected sites distributed among five locations with and four locations without sea otters. Both sea urchin and kelp abundance differed significantly among locations with vs. without sea otters in the Aleutian Islands and southeast Alaska. There was little (Aleutian Islands) or no (southeast Alaska) overlap between sites with and without sea otters, in plots of kelp density against urchin biomass. Despite intersite variation in the abundance of kelps and herbivores, these analyses demonstrate that sea otter predation has a predictable and broadly generalizable influence on the structure of Alaskan kelp forests. The percent cover of algal turf and suspension feeder assemblages also differed significantly (although less dramatically) between locations with and without sea otters. Temporal variation in community structure was assessed over periods of from 3 to 15 yr at sites in the Aleutian Islands and southeast Alaska where sea otters were 1) continuously present, 2) continuously absent, or 3) becoming reestablished because of natural range expansion. Kelp and sea urchin abundance remained largely unchanged at most sites where sea otters were continuously present or absent, the one exception being at Torch Bay (southeast Alaska), where kelp abundance varied significantly through time and urchin abundance varied significantly among sites because of episodic and patchy disturbances. In contrast, kelp and sea urchin abundances changed significantly, and in the expected directions, at sites that were being recolonized by sea otters. Sea urchin biomass declined by 50% in the Aleutian Islands and by nearly 100% in southeast Alaska following the spread of sea otters into previously unoccupied habitats. In response to these different rates and magnitudes of urchin reduction by sea otter predation, increases in kelp abundance were abrupt and highly significant in southeast Alaska but much smaller and slower over similar time periods in the Aleutian Islands. The different kelp colonization rates between southeast Alaska and the Aleutian Islands appear to be caused by large—scale differences in echinoid recruitment coupled with size—selective predation by sea otters for larger urchins. The length of urchin jaws (correlated with test diameter, r</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;= 0.968) in sea otter scats indicates that sea urchins &lt;15—20 mm test diameter are rarely eaten by foraging sea otters. Sea urchin populations in the Aleutian Islands included high densities of small individuals (&lt;20 mm test diameter) at all sites and during all years sampled, whereas in southeast Alaska similarly sized urchins were absent from most populations during most years. Small (&lt;30—35 mm test diameter) tetracycline—marked urchins in the Aleutian Islands grew at a maximum rate of °10 mm/yr; thus the population must have significant recruitment annually, or at least every several years. In contrast, echinoid recruitment in southeast Alaska was more episodic, with many years to perhaps decades separating significant events. Our findings help explain regional differences in recovery rates of kelp forests following recolonization by sea otters.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.2307/2937159","usgsCitation":"Estes, J.A., and Duggins, D., 1995, Sea otters and kelp forests in Alaska: Generality and variation in a community ecological paradigm: Ecological Monographs, v. 65, p. 75-100, https://doi.org/10.2307/2937159.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"100","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131311,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -139.5266472717033,\n              60.402986386324756\n            ],\n            [\n              -179.9,\n              63.478207794258054\n            ],\n            [\n              -179.9,\n              50.18368072295371\n            ],\n            [\n              -130.14399121638223,\n              55.21307639603333\n            ],\n            [\n              -139.5266472717033,\n              60.402986386324756\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"65","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaee4b07f02db66c824","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Estes, J. A.","contributorId":53319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duggins, D. O.","contributorId":39322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duggins","given":"D. O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":81558,"text":"81558 - 1995 - Modeling the dynamics of marine species: the importance of incorporating larval dispersal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:03","indexId":"81558","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Modeling the dynamics of marine species: the importance of incorporating larval dispersal","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology of Marine Invertebrate Larvae.","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","usgsCitation":"Gaines, S., and Lafferty, K.D., 1995, Modeling the dynamics of marine species: the importance of incorporating larval dispersal, chap. <i>of</i> Ecology of Marine Invertebrate Larvae., p. 389-412.","productDescription":"p. 389-412","startPage":"389","endPage":"412","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128815,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db6999b6","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"McEdward, L.","contributorId":113952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEdward","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504266,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Gaines, S.D.","contributorId":22281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaines","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lafferty, K. D.","contributorId":58213,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lafferty","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":94823,"text":"94823 - 1995 - Birds of large floodplain forests: Local and regional habitat associations on the upper Mississippi River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:59","indexId":"94823","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":21,"text":"Thesis"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":28,"text":"Thesis"},"title":"Birds of large floodplain forests: Local and regional habitat associations on the upper Mississippi River","docAbstract":"Abstract not submitted to date","language":"English","publisher":"Iowa State University","usgsCitation":"Knutson, M.G., 1995, Birds of large floodplain forests: Local and regional habitat associations on the upper Mississippi River.","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128105,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ae4b07f02db611f98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knutson, M. G.","contributorId":55375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knutson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":81546,"text":"81546 - 1995 - Seed germination patterns in fire prone Mediterranean climate regions,","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:02","indexId":"81546","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Seed germination patterns in fire prone Mediterranean climate regions,","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology and Biogeography of Mediterranean Ecosystems in Chile, California and Australia.","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J., 1995, Seed germination patterns in fire prone Mediterranean climate regions,, chap. <i>of</i> Ecology and Biogeography of Mediterranean Ecosystems in Chile, California and Australia., p. 239-273.","productDescription":"p. 239-273","startPage":"239","endPage":"273","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128077,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c165","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Arroyo, M.T.K","contributorId":111545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arroyo","given":"M.T.K","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504250,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zedler, P.H.","contributorId":82251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zedler","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504249,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fox, M.D.","contributorId":113138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504251,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":69082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1001158,"text":"1001158 - 1995 - Effect of a commonly-used nest marker on nest success of ducks in prairie Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-14T00:57:08.755854","indexId":"1001158","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1163,"text":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of a commonly-used nest marker on nest success of ducks in prairie Canada","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club","usgsCitation":"Greenwood, R.J., and Sargeant, A., 1995, Effect of a commonly-used nest marker on nest success of ducks in prairie Canada: Canadian Field-Naturalist, v. 109, no. 4, p. 437-440.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"437","endPage":"440","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":422543,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/357649"},{"id":128744,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"109","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db6257e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greenwood, R. J.","contributorId":74326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenwood","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sargeant, A.B.","contributorId":13171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sargeant","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":94800,"text":"94800 - 1995 - Hawaii's endemic birds","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":94800,"text":"94800 - 1995 - Hawaii's endemic birds","indexId":"94800","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Hawaii's endemic birds"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-19T10:51:54","indexId":"94800","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Hawaii's endemic birds","docAbstract":"<p>The endemic landbirds of Hawaii, particularly the Hawaiian honeycreepers, an endemic subfamily of the cardueline finches, are one of the world's most dramatic examples of adaptive radiation and speciation (see glossary) in island ecosystems (Freed et al. 1987; Scott et al. 1988). From what is believed to have been a single successful colonization of the Hawaiian Archipelago by an ancestral species from North America, the honeycreepers evolved into a diverse array of species and subspecies of birds with bills ranging from thick, seed-eating beaks of the palila (<i>Loxioides bailleui</i>), to small insectivorous bills as seen on the `amakihi (<i>Hemignathus virens</i>), woodpecker-like adaptations of the `akiapola`au (<i>H. munroi</i>), and large, decurved nectar-feeding bills of the `i`iwi (<i>Vestiaria coccinea</i>).</p><p>In addition to the honeycreepers, the historically documented endemic Hawaiian avifauna included three seabirds, several waterfowl, two raptors, and perching birds that include a species of crow, and representatives of Old World flycatchers, honeyeaters, and thrushes. In all, at least 71 endemic species and subspecies of Hawaiian birds existed at the time of Captain Cook's arrival in the Hawaiian Islands in 1778. Now, however, 76% of the Hawaiian birds are either extinct or endangered, and several of the remaining unlisted species are showing significant population declines.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p>The arrival of humans to the Hawaiian Islands--starting with the Polynesians more than 1,500 years ago and continuing following European contact--drastically changed many natural ecosystems, leading not only to the extinction of many plant and animal species, but also to a significant reduction in both range and abundance for many other taxa. Originally, the Hawaiian birds were found in all habitat zones on each island, but today few native forest birds are found below 610-m (2,000-ft) elevation, and many of the wetland areas that once provided abundant habitat for waterbirds have been destroyed.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p>Of the historically documented 71 taxa of endemic Hawaiian birds, 23 are now extinct, and 30 of the remaining 48 species and subspecies are listed as endangered or threatened by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS 1992), many with few or only single populations remaining (Fig. 1; Table 1; Table 2). Studies of recently discovered fossil bird bones have further identified nearly 40 additional species of Hawaiian birds never seen alive by the post-Cook naturalists; many of these became extinct after the Polynesians arrived (Olson and James 1982; H. James, Smithsonian Institution, personal communication).</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Biological Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Jacobi, J.D., and Atkinson, C.T., 1995, Hawaii's endemic birds, chap. <i>of</i> Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems, p. 376-381.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"376","endPage":"381","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128111,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":14756,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.webharvest.gov/peth04/20041019015728/https://biology.usgs.gov/s+t/index.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"4210.000000000000000","linkHelpText":"Archived website"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640ec7","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"LaRoe, Edward T.","contributorId":112276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaRoe","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505301,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farris, Gaye S.","contributorId":84410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farris","given":"Gaye","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":505304,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Puckett, Catherine E. cpuckett@usgs.gov","contributorId":4629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckett","given":"Catherine","email":"cpuckett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":505302,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doran, Peter D.","contributorId":17533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505303,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mac, Michael J.","contributorId":16772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mac","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505300,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Jacobi, James D. 0000-0003-2313-7862 jjacobi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2313-7862","contributorId":3705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobi","given":"James","email":"jjacobi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":298513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Atkinson, Carter T. 0000-0002-4232-5335 catkinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4232-5335","contributorId":1124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atkinson","given":"Carter","email":"catkinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":298514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":95331,"text":"95331 - 1995 - Production of striped bass and other North American sports fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:52","indexId":"95331","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Production of striped bass and other North American sports fish","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Production of Aquatic Animals : Fishes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science B. V.; World Animal Science Series; C8","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","collaboration":"95-063/PY95/AE","usgsCitation":"Kerby, J., and Nash, C., 1995, Production of striped bass and other North American sports fish, chap. <i>of</i> Production of Aquatic Animals : Fishes, p. 161-174.","startPage":"161","endPage":"174","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127225,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65e3c8","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Nash, C.E.","contributorId":41364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nash","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505534,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Novotny, A.J.","contributorId":112643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Novotny","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505535,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Kerby, J.H.","contributorId":71500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kerby","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nash, C.E.","contributorId":41364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nash","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}