No abstract available
","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Bascuro, B., Vende, P., Monnier, A., Winton, J., DeKinkelin, P., and Benmansour, A., 1995, Genetic diversity and phylogenetic classification of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus: Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, v. 26, p. 460-463.","productDescription":"4 p. ","startPage":"460","endPage":"463","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335964,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58aeb144e4b01ccd54f9ee64","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bascuro, B.","contributorId":152602,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bascuro","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vende, P.","contributorId":152604,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vende","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Monnier, A.F.","contributorId":152603,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Monnier","given":"A.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Winton, J.","contributorId":55627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"DeKinkelin, P.","contributorId":82948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeKinkelin","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Benmansour, A.","contributorId":107928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benmansour","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":1014557,"text":"1014557 - 1995 - Apparent digestibility coefficients of carbohydrates for white sturgeon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-23T15:33:02.622919","indexId":"1014557","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Apparent digestibility coefficients of carbohydrates for white sturgeon","docAbstract":"Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) were determined for white sturgeons (Acipenser transmontanus) fed purified diets containing different carbohydrates. White sturgeons were fed, at a rate of 1.0% body weight!d, diets containing one of nine carbohydrates, and feces were collected by manual stripping following a 2‐week feeding period; chromium sesquioxide (Cr2O3) was used as an external indicator. The ADCs of carbohydrates, lipid, and protein were significantly affected (P < 0.05) by carbohydrate source. The ADCs of carbohydrates ranked as follows: glucose, galactose, and maltose > dextrin > fructose and sucrose > lactose and raw corn starch > cellulose. Inclusion of dietary fructose and lactose significantly reduced lipid digestibility (P < 0.05). Although protein indigestibility was significantly affected, all ADCs were greater than 92%.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1995)057%3C0137:ADCOCF%3E2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Herold, M., Hung, S.S., and Fynn-Aikins, K., 1995, Apparent digestibility coefficients of carbohydrates for white sturgeon: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 57, no. 2, p. 137-140, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1995)057%3C0137:ADCOCF%3E2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"137","endPage":"140","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132186,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67ad87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herold, M.A.","contributorId":48140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herold","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hung, S. S. O.","contributorId":76275,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hung","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"S. O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fynn-Aikins, K.","contributorId":34080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fynn-Aikins","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018843,"text":"70018843 - 1995 - Tectonic implications of post-30 Ma Pacific and North American relative plate motions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-23T15:40:36.137299","indexId":"70018843","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tectonic implications of post-30 Ma Pacific and North American relative plate motions","docAbstract":"The Pacific plate moved northwest relative to North America since 42 Ma. The rapid half rate of Pacific-Farallon spreading allowed the ridge to approach the continent at about 29 Ma. Extinct spreading ridges that occur offshore along 65% of the margin (Lonsdale, 1991) document that fragments of the subducted Farallon slab became captured by the Pacific plate and assumed its motion prior to the actual subduction of the spreading ridge. This plate-capture process can be used to explain much of the post–29 Ma Cordilleran North America extension, strike slip, and the inland jump of oceanic spreading in the Gulf of California. The Pacific and North American contact zone lengthened with each successive plate capture event, underpinning the parts of western North America directly inland with a strong plate undergoing Pacific relative motion. We suggest that much of the post–29 Ma continental tectonism is the result of the strong traction imposed on the deep part of the continental crust by the gently inclined slab of subducted oceanic lithosphere as it moved to the northwest relative to the overlying continent. The plate-capture hypothesis is distinctly different from theories involving shallow slab gaps. Kinematic problems associated with shallow slab-gap models cause us to question them. This conclusion is consistent with seismic refraction interpretations that suggest there is an inclined layer with high velocities like that of basalt or gabbro at the base of the continental crust beneath much of the Californian margin and the documented reduction of slab-pull forces and density associated with young subducting slabs. Thermal and rheologic modeling suggests that coastal California was a strong zone at all depths allowing it to be firmly linked to Pacific motion. Our model shows that deformed regions such as the basin and range and borderland provinces developed in predicted weak parts of the crustal section, but they have been incompletely linked to the deep plate across the ductile middle and lower crustal layer.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es00006a039","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Capel, P.D., Ma, L., Schroyer, B., Larson, S., and Gilchrist, T., 1995, Analysis and detection of the new corn herbicide acetochlor in river water and rain: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 29, no. 6, p. 1702-1705, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00006a039.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1702","endPage":"1705","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226796,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eaf5e4b0c8380cd48b16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Capel, Paul D. 0000-0003-1620-5185 capel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1620-5185","contributorId":1002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capel","given":"Paul","email":"capel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":380914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ma, Lin","contributorId":205169,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ma","given":"Lin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schroyer, B. R.","contributorId":54226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroyer","given":"B. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Larson, Steven J.","contributorId":29845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Steven J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gilchrist, T.A.","contributorId":70127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilchrist","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70018911,"text":"70018911 - 1995 - Diagenesis of Upper Carboniferous rocks in the Ouachita foreland shelf in mid-continent USA: an overview of widespread effects of a Variscan-equivalent orogeny","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:13","indexId":"70018911","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1795,"text":"Geologische Rundschau","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diagenesis of Upper Carboniferous rocks in the Ouachita foreland shelf in mid-continent USA: an overview of widespread effects of a Variscan-equivalent orogeny","docAbstract":"Diagenesis of Upper Carboniferous foreland shelf rocks in southeastern Kansas took place at temperatures as high as 100-150?? C at a depth of less than 2 km. High temperatures are the result of the long distance (hundreds of kilometers) advection of groundwater related to collisional orogeny in the Ouachita tectonic belt to the south. Orogenic activity in the Ouachita area was broadly Late Carboniferous, equivalent to the Variscan activity of Europe. Mississippi Valley-type Pb-Zn deposits and oil and gas fields in the US midcontinent and elsewhere are commonly attributed to regional groundwater flow resulting from such collisional events. This paper describes the diagenesis and thermal effects in sandstone and limestone of Upper Carboniferous siliciclastic and limestone-shale cyclothems, the purported confining layer of a supposed regional aquifer. Diagenesis took place in early, intermediate, and late stages. Many intermediate and late stage events in the sandstones have equivalents in the limestones, suggesting that the causes were regional. The sandstone paragenesis includes siderite cement (early stage), quartz overgrowths (intermediate stage), dissolution of feldspar and carbonates, followed by minor Fe calcite, pore-filling kaolinite and sub-poikilotopic Ca ankerite (late stage). The limestone paragenesis includes calcite cement (early stage); megaquartz, chalcedony, and Fe calcite spar (intermediate stage); and dissolution, Ca-Fe dolomite and kaolinite (late stage). The Rm value of vitrinite shows a regional average of 0.6-0.7%; Rock-Eval TmaX suggests a comparable degree of organic maturity. The Th of aqueous fluid inclusions in late stage Ca-Fe-Mg carbonates ranges from 90 to 160?? and Tmice indicates very saline water (>200000 ppm NaCl equivalent); ??18O suggests that the water is of basinal origin. Local warm spots have higher Rm, Tmax, and Th. The results constrain numerical models of regional fluid migration, which is widely viewed as an artesian flow from recharge areas in the Ouachita belt across the foreland basin onto the foreland shelf area. Such models must account for heating effects that extend at least 500 km from the orogenic front and affect both supposed aquifer beds and the overlying supposed confining layer. Warm spots indicate either more rapid or more prolonged flow locally. Th and Tmice data show the highest temperatures coincided with high salinity fluids. ?? 1995 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geologische Rundschau","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00284519","issn":"00167835","usgsCitation":"Walton, A., Wojcik, K., Goldstein, R., and Barker, C., 1995, Diagenesis of Upper Carboniferous rocks in the Ouachita foreland shelf in mid-continent USA: an overview of widespread effects of a Variscan-equivalent orogeny: Geologische Rundschau, v. 84, no. 3, p. 535-551, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00284519.","startPage":"535","endPage":"551","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205814,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00284519"},{"id":226938,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"84","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0096e4b0c8380cd4f7df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walton, A.W.","contributorId":16994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walton","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wojcik, K.M.","contributorId":86502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wojcik","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldstein, R.H.","contributorId":18908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"R.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barker, C.E.","contributorId":69991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barker","given":"C.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70019178,"text":"70019178 - 1995 - Finite-fault analysis of the 1979 March 14 Petatlan, Mexico, earthquake using teleseismic P waveforms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-08T12:10:32.083788","indexId":"70019178","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Finite-fault analysis of the 1979 March 14 Petatlan, Mexico, earthquake using teleseismic P waveforms","docAbstract":"Vertical, teleseismic P waves recorded for the 1979 March 14 Petatlan, Mexico, earthquake were used to derive the distribution of coseismic slip using a linear finite-fault inversion scheme that solves for the amount of slip in each of a series of consecutive time windows. Data recorded by six stations of the Global Digital Seismograph Network were inverted in addition to digitized analogue long-period recordings available from nine Worldwide Standardized Seismograph Network stations. The digital data include four broad-band and short-period velocity waveforms reconstructed from the short- and long-period components. The time-window approach allows for a variable rise time on the fault and accounts for the source multiplicity evident in the recorded P waveforms. Synthetic tests conducted using the inversion method on the limited data set, however, reveal that the data are insufficient to identify the exact dislocation duration on the fault. The method is thus implemented by prescribing the fault rise time using five consecutive 1 s time windows. The coseismic slip inferred from the P waves shows a small 70 cm peak near the earthquake hypocentre and a large zone of dislocation (1.2 m maximum) further south-east. The slip pattern covers depths from 3 to 25 km and is located south-east of other recent large interplate ruptures on the Michoacan segment of the Mexican subduction zone. This result indicates that the 1979 Petatlan earthquake broke an independent, adjacent portion of the Cocos-North America plate boundary. The seismic moment of 1.5 × 1027 dyn cm inferred from the P waves is approximately one-half the long-period moment estimated by other investigators from the observed surface waves. Although the discrepancy is within the uncertainty of the seismic-moment estimates, it may suggest the presence of a component of slow interplate motion that did not radiate significant P-wave energy.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.1995.tb06430.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Mendoza, C., 1995, Finite-fault analysis of the 1979 March 14 Petatlan, Mexico, earthquake using teleseismic P waveforms: Geophysical Journal International, v. 121, no. 3, p. 675-683, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1995.tb06430.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"675","endPage":"683","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479252,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.1995.tb06430.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":226279,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"121","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a102fe4b0c8380cd53b7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mendoza, C.","contributorId":82059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mendoza","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1014750,"text":"1014750 - 1995 - Getting started: intensive rearing of larval Atlantic and lake sturgeon for restoration programs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:11","indexId":"1014750","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3496,"text":"Sturgeon Quarterly","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Getting started: intensive rearing of larval Atlantic and lake sturgeon for restoration programs","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sturgeon Quarterly","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"95-058/PY95/NF","usgsCitation":"Krise, W.F., DiLauro, M.N., and Redell, L.A., 1995, Getting started: intensive rearing of larval Atlantic and lake sturgeon for restoration programs: Sturgeon Quarterly, v. 3, no. 2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"11","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129271,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67ae92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krise, W. F.","contributorId":50842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krise","given":"W.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DiLauro, M. N.","contributorId":75475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DiLauro","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Redell, Lori A.","contributorId":66204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redell","given":"Lori","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018862,"text":"70018862 - 1995 - Environmental geophysics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-14T12:45:49","indexId":"70018862","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3283,"text":"Reviews of Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental geophysics","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/95RG00282","issn":"87551209","usgsCitation":"Phillips, J., and Fitterman, D., 1995, Environmental geophysics: Reviews of Geophysics, v. 33, no. S.1, p. 185-193, https://doi.org/10.1029/95RG00282.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"185","endPage":"193","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226346,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"S.1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a09cce4b0c8380cd52085","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, J. D. 0000-0002-6459-2821","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6459-2821","contributorId":22366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"J. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fitterman, D.V. 0000-0001-5600-3401","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5600-3401","contributorId":70386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitterman","given":"D.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018852,"text":"70018852 - 1995 - Trona resources in southwest Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:13","indexId":"70018852","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2879,"text":"Nonrenewable Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trona resources in southwest Wyoming","docAbstract":"Bedded trona (Na2CO3??NaHCO3??2H2O) in the lacustrine Green River Formation of Eocene age in the Green River Basin, southwest Wyoming, constitutes the largest known resource of natural sodium carbonate in the world. In this study, 116 gigatons (Gt) of trona ore are estimated to be present in 22 beds, ranging from 1.2 to 11 meters (m) in thickness. Of this total, 69 Gt of trona ore are estimated to be in beds containing less than 2 percent halite and 47 Gt in beds containing 2 or more percent halite. These 22 beds underlie areas of about 130 to more than 2,000 km2 at depths ranging from about 200 m to more than 900 m below the surface. The total resource of trona ore in the basin for which drilling information is available is estimated to be about 135 Gt. Underveloped trona beds in the deeper southern part of the basin may be best developed by solution mining. Additional unevaluated sodium carbonate resources are present in disseminated shortite (Na2CO3??2CaCO3) in strata interbedded with the trona and in shallow sodium carbonate brines in the northeast part of the basin. Estimates of the shortite and brine resources were not made. ?? 1995 Oxford University Press.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nonrenewable Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF02263381","issn":"09611444","usgsCitation":"Dyni, J.R., Wiig, S., and Grundy, W., 1995, Trona resources in southwest Wyoming: Nonrenewable Resources, v. 4, no. 4, p. 340-352, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02263381.","startPage":"340","endPage":"352","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205802,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02263381"},{"id":226888,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb87be4b08c986b3278a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dyni, J. R.","contributorId":78341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyni","given":"J.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiig, S.V.","contributorId":21706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiig","given":"S.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grundy, W.D.","contributorId":73227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grundy","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018949,"text":"70018949 - 1995 - The Hengill geothermal area, Iceland: variation of temperature gradients deduced from the maximum depth of seismogenesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-14T19:19:55","indexId":"70018949","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Hengill geothermal area, Iceland: variation of temperature gradients deduced from the maximum depth of seismogenesis","docAbstract":"Given a uniform lithology and strain rate and a full seismic data set, the maximum depth of earthquakes may be viewed to a first order as an isotherm. These conditions are approached at the Hengill geothermal area, S. Iceland, a dominantly basaltic area. The temperature at which seismic failure ceases for the strain rates likely at the Hengill geothermal area is determined by analogy with oceanic crust, and is about 650 ?? 50??C. The topographies of the top and bottom of the seismogenic layer were mapped using 617 earthquakes. The thickness of the seismogenic layer is roughly constant and about 3 km. A shallow, aseismic, low-velocity volume within the spreading plate boundary that crosses the area occurs above the top of the seismogenic layer and is interpreted as an isolated body of partial melt. The base of the seismogenic layer has a maximum depth of about 6.5 km beneath the spreading axis and deepens to about 7 km beneath a transform zone in the south of the area. -from Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0377-0273(94)00088-X","usgsCitation":"Foulger, G., 1995, The Hengill geothermal area, Iceland: variation of temperature gradients deduced from the maximum depth of seismogenesis: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 65, no. 1-2, p. 119-133, https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(94)00088-X.","startPage":"119","endPage":"133","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226852,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269365,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(94)00088-X"}],"volume":"65","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba775e4b08c986b321594","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foulger, G.R.","contributorId":14439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Foulger","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1014785,"text":"1014785 - 1995 - Efficiency of adaptive cluster sampling for estimating density of wintering waterfowl","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-06T12:17:00.802026","indexId":"1014785","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1039,"text":"Biometrics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Efficiency of adaptive cluster sampling for estimating density of wintering waterfowl","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Biometric Society","doi":"10.2307/2532964","usgsCitation":"Smith, D., Conroy, M., and Brakhage, D., 1995, Efficiency of adaptive cluster sampling for estimating density of wintering waterfowl: Biometrics, v. 51, p. 777-788, https://doi.org/10.2307/2532964.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"777","endPage":"788","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130736,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679ce8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, D. R. 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":44108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":321184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conroy, M.J.","contributorId":84690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conroy","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brakhage, D.H.","contributorId":7664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brakhage","given":"D.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018992,"text":"70018992 - 1995 - A chemodynamic approach for estimating losses of target organic chemicals from water during sample holding time","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:15","indexId":"70018992","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1226,"text":"Chemosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A chemodynamic approach for estimating losses of target organic chemicals from water during sample holding time","docAbstract":"Minimizing the loss of target organic chemicals from environmental water samples between the time of sample collection and isolation is important to the integrity of an investigation. During this sample holding time, there is a potential for analyte loss through volatilization from the water to the headspace, sorption to the walls and cap of the sample bottle; and transformation through biotic and/or abiotic reactions. This paper presents a chemodynamic-based, generalized approach to estimate the most probable loss processes for individual target organic chemicals. The basic premise is that the investigator must know which loss process(es) are important for a particular analyte, based on its chemodynamic properties, when choosing the appropriate method(s) to prevent loss.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemosphere","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0045-6535(94)00004-E","issn":"00456535","usgsCitation":"Capel, P., and Larson, S., 1995, A chemodynamic approach for estimating losses of target organic chemicals from water during sample holding time: Chemosphere, v. 30, no. 6, p. 1097-1107, https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(94)00004-E.","startPage":"1097","endPage":"1107","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205783,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(94)00004-E"},{"id":226766,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e340e4b0c8380cd45ee7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Capel, P. D. 0000-0003-1620-5185","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1620-5185","contributorId":95498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capel","given":"P. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larson, S.J.","contributorId":17641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1014931,"text":"1014931 - 1995 - Influence of fluoride on aluminum toxicity to Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-24T14:30:34","indexId":"1014931","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of fluoride on aluminum toxicity to Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)","docAbstract":"Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) alevins were exposed to various aluminum (0–4700 μg/L) and four fluoride (0–500 μg/L) concentrations at two pH values (5.5 and 6.5) for 4- and 30-d periods. In the 4-d tests, aluminum with fluoride was less toxic at pH 6.5 than at pH 5.5, whereas without fluoride, pH had no effect. In the 30-d test, mortality in all treatments was 17–21% at pH 5.5, but only 3–7% at pH 6.5. Fish length and weight after 30 d were reduced in all fluoride–aluminum treatments at pH 5.5, but only in the 200-μg/L aluminum without fluoride treatment at pH 6.5. At pH 5.5 and 6.5 without aluminum, histomorphological examinations revealed no abnormalities in gill tissue. However, in aluminum exposure with no fluoride, gill filaments and secondary lamellae were swollen and thickened. Addition of fluoride at pH 6.5 alleviated some gill damage. At pH 5.5 and 200 μg/L aluminum, addition of 100 μg/L fluoride reduced swelling of gill lamellae, but 200 μg/L fluoride did not reduce swelling. Low fluoride concentrations (< 100 μg/L) may reduce gill morphological damage in fish exposed to aluminum in acidic waters, whereas high fluoride concentrations (> 100 μg/L) may not reduce aluminum-induced effects.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Press","doi":"10.1139/f95-834","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, S., and Haines, T.A., 1995, Influence of fluoride on aluminum toxicity to Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 52, no. 11, p. 2432-2444, https://doi.org/10.1139/f95-834.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2432","endPage":"2444","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130919,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db671d07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, Steven J.","contributorId":174108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamilton","given":"Steven J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haines, Terry A.","contributorId":59860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018850,"text":"70018850 - 1995 - Digital photogrammetry at the U.S. Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:13","indexId":"70018850","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Digital photogrammetry at the U.S. Geological Survey","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey is converting its primary map production and revision operations to use digital photogrammetric techniques. The primary source of data for these operations is the digital orthophoto quadrangle derived from National Aerial Photography Program images. These digital orthophotos are used on workstations that permit comparison of existing vector and raster data with the orthophoto and interactive collection and revision of the vector data.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Integrating Photogrammetric Techniques with Scene Analysis and Machine Vision II","conferenceDate":"19 April 1995 through 21 April 1995","conferenceLocation":"Orlando, FL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers","publisherLocation":"Bellingham, WA, United States","issn":"0277786X","isbn":"0819418390","usgsCitation":"Greve, C.W., 1995, Digital photogrammetry at the U.S. Geological Survey, in Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 2486, Orlando, FL, USA, 19 April 1995 through 21 April 1995, p. 136-139.","startPage":"136","endPage":"139","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226848,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2486","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a017de4b0c8380cd4fc17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greve, Clifford W.","contributorId":19718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greve","given":"Clifford","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70018886,"text":"70018886 - 1995 - Silurian tectonic history of Penobscot Bay region, Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-09T12:34:11","indexId":"70018886","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":918,"text":"Atlantic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Silurian tectonic history of Penobscot Bay region, Maine","docAbstract":"Early Paleozoic amalgamation of composite terranes was contemporaneous at widely separated regions that were later accreted to either ancestral North America or to Gondwana as those two continents approached each other. Peri-Gondwanan terranes formed from Late Cambrian and Early Ordovician rocks were amalgamated in the Late Ordovician and Early Silurian to form the Salinic orogenic belt. Salinic orogenic activity involved extensive thrust faulting and metamorphism, large strike-slip faults, and plutonism. In the Penobscot Bay region, Maine, the peri-Gondwanan St. Croix terrane was thrust northwest in the Silurian(?) upon middle amphibolite facies Ordovician and Early Silurian rocks of the Fredericton trough. The strike-slip faults are interpreted to either remain steep until they reach the sole of the thrust sheet or to become listric within the thrust sheet. -from Authors","language":"English","publisher":"Atlantic Geoscience Society","doi":"10.4138/2098","issn":"08435561","usgsCitation":"Stewart, D.B., Unger, J.D., and Hutchinson, D.R., 1995, Silurian tectonic history of Penobscot Bay region, Maine: Atlantic Geology, v. 31, no. 2, p. 67-79, https://doi.org/10.4138/2098.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"79","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479289,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4138/2098","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":226663,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -69.13421630859374,\n 44.06193297865353\n ],\n [\n -68.58078002929688,\n 44.06193297865353\n ],\n [\n -68.58078002929688,\n 44.449467536006935\n ],\n [\n -69.13421630859374,\n 44.449467536006935\n ],\n [\n -69.13421630859374,\n 44.06193297865353\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1995-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8f44e4b08c986b318e20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, D. B.","contributorId":41809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Unger, J. D.","contributorId":10824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Unger","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hutchinson, D. R.","contributorId":31770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70019075,"text":"70019075 - 1995 - Relationships between 700 hPa height anomalies and 1 April snowpack accumulations in the western USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-02T17:59:33.484038","indexId":"70019075","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2032,"text":"International Journal of Climatology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relationships between 700 hPa height anomalies and 1 April snowpack accumulations in the western USA","docAbstract":"Relationships between atmospheric circulation and the temporal and spatial distributions of snowpack accumulations in the western USA are examined. Winter mean 700 hPa height anomalies, representing the average atmospheric circulation during the snow season, are compared with snowpack measurements made on or about 1 April at 311 snowcourse 7stations in the western USA during the winters of 1947–1948 through 1986–1987. Correlation and anomaly pattern analysis are used to identify relations between atmospheric circulation and the temporal and spatial distributions of snowpack accumulations, and to quantify the degree to which the temporal and spatial variability in snowpack accumulations can be attributed to variations in atmospheric circulation.
Results indicate that winter mean 700 hPa height anomalies account for a statistically significant portion of both the temporal and spatial variability in the snowpack accumulations. In general, above-average snowpack accumulations are associated with negative 700 hPa height anomalies over the eastern North Pacific Ocean and the western USA. These anomalies are indicative of anomalous cyclonic circulation, which produces an anomalous westerly flow of moist air from the eastern North Pacific Ocean into the western USA and increases winter precipitation and snowpack accumulations. Below-average snowpack accumulations at most of the snowcourse stations are associated with positive 700 hPa height anomalies over the western USA. These positive anomalies indicate anomalous anticyclonic circulation which prevents the intrusion of moist air from the eastern North Pacific Ocean into the western USA, increases subsidence, and decreases winter precipitation. Five winter mean 700 hPa height anomaly patterns also were identified that explain the spatial variability in snowpack accumulations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1002/joc.3370150504","issn":"08998418","usgsCitation":"McCabe, G.J., and Legates, D., 1995, Relationships between 700 hPa height anomalies and 1 April snowpack accumulations in the western USA: International Journal of Climatology, v. 15, no. 5, p. 517-530, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.3370150504.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"517","endPage":"530","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226859,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-01-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a78ee4b0e8fec6cdc4de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCabe, G. J. Jr.","contributorId":77551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"G.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Legates, D.R.","contributorId":58402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Legates","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1015670,"text":"1015670 - 1995 - Alien species in national parks: Drawing lines in space and time","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-28T12:07:26.110768","indexId":"1015670","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Alien species in national parks: Drawing lines in space and time","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1523-1739.1995.09010204.x","usgsCitation":"Houston, D., and Schreiner, E.G., 1995, Alien species in national parks: Drawing lines in space and time: Conservation Biology, v. 9, no. 1, p. 204-209, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1995.09010204.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"204","endPage":"209","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133302,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-01-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688030","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Houston, D.","contributorId":32123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houston","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schreiner, Edward G.","contributorId":29371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreiner","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70177024,"text":"70177024 - 1995 - A survey of recent results in passive sampling of water and air by semipermeable membrane devices","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-14T14:52:13","indexId":"70177024","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2676,"text":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A survey of recent results in passive sampling of water and air by semipermeable membrane devices","docAbstract":"A survey is presented of some recent results for passive sampling of water and air for trace organic contaminants using lipid-filled semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs). Results of water sampling for trace organochlorine compounds using simultaneously exposed SPMDs and the most universally applied biomonitor (bivalves) are discussed. In general, the total amounts of accumulated analytes available for analysis in bivalves and SPMDs were comparable. However, SPMD controls typically had negligible levels of contamination, which was not always the case for transplanted bivalves, even after prolonged depuration prior to exposure. In surveys of the spatial trends of organochlorines at a series of sites, data from bivalves and SPMDs provided the same picture of contaminant distribution and severity. An exception was ionizable contaminants such as the chlorinated phenolic compounds and their transformation products found in pulp mill effluents. In these cases the two monitoring approaches compliment each other, i.e. what is not found in bivalves appears in SPMDs and vice versa. SPMDs have also been applied in environments where biomonitoring is not feasible. SPMDs have shown their utility in studies of trace levels of polyaromatic hydrocarbons by locating and characterizing point sources. An example is given of their application to the calculation of contaminant half-lives from aqueous SPMD residues, a direct measurement of the persistence of contaminants in an environmental compartment. Similarly, results of air sampling with SPMDs in a relatively pristine coastal location are cited which reveal a tremendous enhancement in p,p′-DDE relative to open ocean values.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-326X(95)00146-E","usgsCitation":"Prest, H.F., Huckins, J.N., Petty, J.D., Herve, S., Paasivirta, J., and Heinonen, P., 1995, A survey of recent results in passive sampling of water and air by semipermeable membrane devices: Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 31, no. 4-12, p. 306-312, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-326X(95)00146-E.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"306","endPage":"312","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329615,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"4-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5801eec0e4b0824b2d18c43b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prest, Harry F.","contributorId":175401,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Prest","given":"Harry","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huckins, James N.","contributorId":83454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huckins","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":651024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Petty, Jimmie D.","contributorId":175402,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petty","given":"Jimmie","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Herve, Sirpa","contributorId":175403,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Herve","given":"Sirpa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Paasivirta, Jaakko","contributorId":175404,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paasivirta","given":"Jaakko","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Heinonen, Pertti","contributorId":175405,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heinonen","given":"Pertti","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70178183,"text":"70178183 - 1995 - Comparison of methods for conducting marine and estuarine sediment porewater toxicity tests—extraction, storage, and handling techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-04T14:06:35","indexId":"70178183","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of methods for conducting marine and estuarine sediment porewater toxicity tests—extraction, storage, and handling techniques","docAbstract":"A series of studies was conducted to compare different porewater extraction techniques and to evaluate the effects of sediment and porewater storage conditions on the toxicity of pore water, using assays with the sea urchin Arbacia punctulata. If care is taken in the selection of materials, several different porewater extraction techniques (pressurized squeezing, centrifugation, vacuum) yield samples with similar toxicity. Where the primary contaminants of concern are highly hydrophobic organic compounds, centrifugation is the method of choice for minimizing the loss of contaminants during the extraction procedure. No difference was found in the toxicity of pore water obtained with the Teflon® and polyvinyl chloride pressurized extraction devices. Different types of filters in the squeeze extraction devices apparently adsorbed soluble contaminants to varying degrees. The amount of fine suspended particulate material remaining in the pore water after the initial extraction varied among the methods. For most of the sediments tested, freezing and thawing did not affect the toxicity of porewater samples obtained by the pressurized squeeze extraction method. Pore water obtained by other methods (centrifugation, vacuum) and frozen without additional removal of suspended particulates by centrifugation may exhibit increased toxicity compared with the unfrozen sample.
The toxicity of pore water extracted from refrigerated (4°C) sediments exhibited substantial short-term (days, weeks) changes. Similarly, sediment pore water extracted over time from a simulated amphipod solid-phase toxicity test changed substantially in toxicity. For the sediments tested, the direction and magnitude of change in toxicity of pore water extracted from both refrigerated and solid-phase test sediments was unpredictable.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00213971","usgsCitation":"Carr, R., and Chapman, D., 1995, Comparison of methods for conducting marine and estuarine sediment porewater toxicity tests—extraction, storage, and handling techniques: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 28, no. 1, p. 69-77, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00213971.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"69","endPage":"77","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330773,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"581d9e2de4b0dee4cc90cbef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carr, R.S.","contributorId":31353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"R.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapman, D.C.","contributorId":101825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70177041,"text":"70177041 - 1995 - Acute toxicity of ammonia (NH3-N) in sewage effluent to Chironomus riparius: II. Using a generalized linear model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-17T10:44:09","indexId":"70177041","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acute toxicity of ammonia (NH3-N) in sewage effluent to Chironomus riparius: II. Using a generalized linear model","docAbstract":"Toxicity of un-ionized ammonia (NH3-N) to the midge, Chironomus riparius was compared, using laboratory culture (well) water and sewage effluent (≈0.4 mg/L NH3-N) in two 96-h, static-renewal toxicity experiments. A generalized linear model was used for data analysis. For the first and second experiments, respectively, LC50 values were 9.4 mg/L (Test 1A) and 6.6 mg/L (Test 2A) for ammonia in well water, and 7.8 mg/L (Test 1B) and 4.1 mg/L (Test 2B) for ammonia in sewage effluent. Slopes of dose-response curves for Tests 1A and 2A were equal, but mortality occurred at lower NH3-N concentrations in Test 2A (unequal intercepts). Response ofC. riparius to NH3 in effluent was not consistent; dose-response curves for tests 1B and 2B differed in slope and intercept. Nevertheless, C. riparius was more sensitive to ammonia in effluent than in well water in both experiments, indicating a synergistic effect of ammonia in sewage effluent. These results demonstrate the advantages of analyzing the organisms entire range of response, as opposed to generating LC50 values, which represent only one point on the dose-response curve.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00213117","usgsCitation":"Monda, D., Galat, D., Finger, S., and Kaiser, M., 1995, Acute toxicity of ammonia (NH3-N) in sewage effluent to Chironomus riparius: II. Using a generalized linear model: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 28, no. 3, p. 385-390, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00213117.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"385","endPage":"390","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329629,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5805e34fe4b0824b2d1c24cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Monda, D.P.","contributorId":68909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monda","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Galat, D.L.","contributorId":54546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galat","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finger, S.E.","contributorId":29769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finger","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kaiser, M.S.","contributorId":37836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaiser","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70186897,"text":"70186897 - 1995 - Census methodologies of Black-legged Kittiwakes in Glacier Bay National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-13T13:41:30","indexId":"70186897","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Census methodologies of Black-legged Kittiwakes in Glacier Bay National Park","docAbstract":"Black-legged Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) have recently experienced widespread population declines and frequent colony failures throughout the North Pacific. At Glacier Bay National Park, the Margerie Glacier colony was censused visually in 1991 through 1993. In 1993 a new photographic census technique was also tested to assess its feasibility, accuracy, and ease of use, Three years of monitoring data indicate that kittiwake population size declined by about 10% over the three-year period, and that there were near-total colony reproductive failures in 1991 and 1992. Compared to visual colony counts made from a skiff, counting adult kittiwakes from projected 35-mm slides proved to be both more efficient and equally accurate.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the third Glacier Bay science symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Third Glacier Bay Science Symposium","conferenceDate":"September 13-18, 1993","conferenceLocation":"Gustavus, AK","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","isbn":"0941555011","usgsCitation":"Hooge, E.R., 1995, Census methodologies of Black-legged Kittiwakes in Glacier Bay National Park, in Proceedings of the third Glacier Bay science symposium, Gustavus, AK, September 13-18, 1993, p. 264-266.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"264","endPage":"266","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339697,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339693,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nps.gov/glba/learn/nature/symposium.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Glacier Bay National Park","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f08e64e4b06911a29fa870","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Engstrom, Daniel R.","contributorId":82665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engstrom","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690916,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Hooge, Elizabeth Ross","contributorId":95661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooge","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"Ross","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70186898,"text":"70186898 - 1995 - Prey preference of Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) in Glacier Bay National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-13T13:59:01","indexId":"70186898","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Prey preference of Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) in Glacier Bay National Park","docAbstract":"Stomach contents were collected from sport-caught halibut in Glacier Bay National Park. Stomach samples containing a combination of fish and invertebrate species were observed less frequently than expected. Small, subtidal, noncommercial crab and cod-like fish (Gadidae) appear to be the most important prey items. In thc dict of Pacific halibut. Preliminary findings suggested that dict changes dramatically with age. The frequency of occurrence of crustaceans and small forage fishes declines with an increase in age while the frequency of occurrence of cod-like fish (Gadidae) and sculpins (Cottidae) increases with an increase in age. In addition, there were few halibut that contained prey items from different taxa whereas multiple items from a single taxa or prey group were common.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the third Glacier Bay science symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Third Glacier Bay Science Symposium","conferenceDate":"September 13-18, 1993","conferenceLocation":"Gustavus, AK","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","isbn":"0941555011","usgsCitation":"Chilton, L., Hooge, P.N., and Taggart, S.J., 1995, Prey preference of Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) in Glacier Bay National Park, in Proceedings of the third Glacier Bay science symposium, Gustavus, AK, September 13-18, 1993, p. 209-214.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"209","endPage":"214","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339700,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339694,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nps.gov/glba/learn/nature/symposium.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Glacier Bay National Park","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f08e64e4b06911a29fa86e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Engstrom, Daniel R.","contributorId":82665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engstrom","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690918,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Chilton, Liz","contributorId":190863,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chilton","given":"Liz","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hooge, Philip N.","contributorId":52029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooge","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":690932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taggart, S. 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Island birds had a significantly lower hematozoan prevalence than mainland birds. This prevalence difference can be related to a lack of appropriate hematozoan vectors on the island. Haemoproteus spp. and Leucocytozoon spp. were the most commonly encountered hematozoa; four new species of Leucocytozoon spp. and one new Haemoproteus sp. were found in five host families. No transmission of hematozoan parasites was detected at the island site during the study. At the mainland coastal scrub site, Leucocytozoon spp. was transmitted each year while Plasmodium spp. and Haemoproteus spp. transmission varied between years. There was evidence that some species of birds acquired infections outside of their breeding season. Results of this study lend further support to the prediction of decreased disease on remote island ecosystems.