Glacial drift overlies sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks in the Snake River watershed.
\nThe Snake River, which drains an area of about 1,030 square miles, originates in an extensive area of peat bogs in the northern part of the watershed. It flows southward across gently rolling glacial terrain in which the major relief is near the river. Near the southern boundary of the watershed, the Snake River turns eastward to its confluence with the St. Croix River. The northwest half of the watershed is heavily forested, whereas much of the southeast half has been cleared. The largest communities in the watershed, Mora and Pine City, had 1970 populations of 2,582 and 2,143, respectively.
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\nThe St. Croix River forms the Minnesota-Wisconsin boundary along the eastern side of the watershed. Additional drainage to the St. Croix River includes areas of about 2,500 square miles upstream in Minnesota and about 4,340 square miles in Wisconsin. At the southern tip of the watershed, the St. Croix joins the Mississippi River.
\nBecause part of the St. Croix River is deeply entrenched, topography in the watershed ranges from relatively rugged in highly dissected areas near the river to nearly flat in the west-central area.
\nIn the southern third of the watershed and along the St. Croix River, many outcrops of Ordovician, Cambrian, and Precambrian bedrock occur. The remainder of the watershed is covered by glacial deposits whose maximum thickness is about 400 feet.
\nMuch of the original forest cover, primarily hardwoods, has been removed; the largest concentrations remaining are long the St. Croix River and in the west-central area.
\nThe proximity of the watershed to the expanding Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area emphasizes the importance of defining water resources essential for future growth.
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-92.69577026367188,\n 45.47554027158593\n ],\n [\n -92.6806640625,\n 45.46687287100197\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f3e4b07f02db5efa3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindholm, Gerald F.","contributorId":18374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindholm","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Helgesen, J. O.","contributorId":62600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helgesen","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Broussard, W.L.","contributorId":35334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Broussard","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Farrell, D.F.","contributorId":91163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrell","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":3121,"text":"wsp2152 - 1974 - Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1970, Part 2, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:38","indexId":"wsp2152","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2152","title":"Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1970, Part 2, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2152","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1974, Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1970, Part 2, South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2152, x, 668 p. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2152.","productDescription":"x, 668 p. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139454,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2152/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30033,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2152/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8be4b07f02db65196f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":66509,"text":"i878 - 1974 - Availability of ground water for irrigation, municipal, or industrial use in the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-13T19:30:55.69324","indexId":"i878","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"878","title":"Availability of ground water for irrigation, municipal, or industrial use in the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah","docAbstract":"The Navajo and Hopi Indian reservations are located mainly in northeastern Arizona, although the Navajo Indian reservation extends into northwestern New Mexico and southeastern Utah (see location map). The area of this report coincides with the areas of the Navajo and Hopi Indian reservations except in part of New Mexico, where the areas was extended eastward to longitude 108° and southward to Interstate Highway 40 and in southeastern Utah.
This investigation was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey at the request of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. The study was undertaken to evaluate the potential for large-scale ground-water development in the Navajo and Hope Indian Reservations. The results given in this report are intended as preliminary guidelines for the development of ground water in sufficient quantity and of suitable quality for irrigation, municipal, and industrial uses. Data are not included for areas in which less than 25 gal min-1 (gallons per minute) or 95 l min-1 (litres per minute) can be developed.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/i878","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Indian Affairs","usgsCitation":"McGavock, E.H., and Edmonds, R.J., 1974, Availability of ground water for irrigation, municipal, or industrial use in the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 878, 4 Sheets: 48.74 x 34.30 inches or smaller; Cover: 9.15 x 11.92 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i878.","productDescription":"4 Sheets: 48.74 x 34.30 inches or smaller; Cover: 9.15 x 11.92 inches","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":494052,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_9778.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":255953,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/0878/plate-2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2: Areas where wells will yield at least 200 gallons per minute","size":"18.36 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":255957,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/0878/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":255956,"rank":2,"type":{"id":8,"text":"Cover"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/0878/report.pdf","text":"Folio Cover","size":"30 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":255955,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/0878/plate-4.pdf","text":"Sheet 4: Areas where wells will yield at least 25 gallons per minute","size":"14.86 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":255952,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/0878/plate-1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1: Areas where wells will yield at least 500 gallons per minute","size":"19.92 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":255954,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/0878/plate-3.pdf","text":"Sheet 3: Areas where wells will yield at least 75 gallons per minute","size":"17.89 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"375000","country":"United States","state":"Arizona, New Mexico, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Navajo Indian Reservations, Hopi Indian Reservations","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112,35 ], [ -112,37.5 ], [ -108,37.5 ], [ -108,35 ], [ -112,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db667eda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGavock, E. H.","contributorId":40679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGavock","given":"E.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":274633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edmonds, R. J.","contributorId":78825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edmonds","given":"R.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":274634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28784,"text":"wri749 - 1974 - Seawater intrusion, ground-water pumpage, ground-water yield, and artificial recharge of the Pajaro Valley area, Santa Cruz and Monterey Counties, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T13:56:49","indexId":"wri749","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-9","title":"Seawater intrusion, ground-water pumpage, ground-water yield, and artificial recharge of the Pajaro Valley area, Santa Cruz and Monterey Counties, California","docAbstract":"The Pajaro Valley area, California, covering about 120 square miles (310 km2), extends from the southern part of Santa Cruz County to several miles south of the county line into Monterey County. It borders the Pacific Ocean on the west and the Santa Cruz Mountains on the east. The city of Watsonville is the largest center of population.
Seawater intrusion is occurring in the Pajaro Valley area from several miles north to several miles south of the mouth of the Pajaro River and in a small area about 4 miles (6.5 km) north of the river. The intrusion extends inland about 1 mile (1.6 km). Two water-bearing zones are being intruded--the depth intervals 100-200 feet (30-60 m) and 300-600 feet (90-180 m).
Ground-water pumpage averaged 49,100 acre-feet per year (60.6 hm3/yr) for the 9-year period 1963-71. The long-term ground-water yield of the Pajaro Valley is about 44,000 acre-feet per year (54.3 hm3/yr). Artificial recharge can be effected through modified streambeds at infiltration rates as high as 3 feet per day (0.9 m/d). Injection wells may have recharge capabilities of as much as 500 gallons per minute (1.9 m3/min).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri749","usgsCitation":"Muir, K.S., 1974, Seawater intrusion, ground-water pumpage, ground-water yield, and artificial recharge of the Pajaro Valley area, Santa Cruz and Monterey Counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 74-9, iv, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri749.","productDescription":"iv, 31 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159106,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1974/0009/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":359035,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1974/0009/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Monterey County, Santa Cruz County","otherGeospatial":"Pajaro Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.85760498046875,\n 36.8333\n ],\n [\n -121.7833,\n 36.8333\n ],\n [\n -121.7833,\n 36.9167\n ],\n [\n -121.85760498046875,\n 36.9167\n ],\n [\n -121.85760498046875,\n 36.8333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc2c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muir, K. S.","contributorId":53764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muir","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":14270,"text":"ofr7496 - 1974 - Search for geothermal seismic noise in the East Mesa area, Imperial Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-07T18:41:28.204236","indexId":"ofr7496","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-96","title":"Search for geothermal seismic noise in the East Mesa area, Imperial Valley, California","docAbstract":"The U. S. Geological Survey made seismic noise measurements in the East Mesa area of Imperial Valley, California, to find out if a noise anomaly was associated with the Mesa thermal anomaly. Thirty-three locations were occupied in the area using slow-speed tape-recording seismic systems. One of the stations (CEN) was operated close to where a geothermal test well was subsequently drilled by the U. S. Bureau of Reclamation. Several sources of cultural noise are present in the area. Large fluctuations in noise level, superposed on a constant high level of noise, occur from traffic on a freeway to the south of the region. There is noise generated by canals to the west and south and agricultural activity to the west of the region. Noise at 2.5 Hz frequency generated by a small waterfall (power drop) on the All American Canal propagates as far as 10 km. Average noise levels were computed at each station using several quiet samples selected from 4-hour sections of data recorded at night and contoured. Spatial distribution of 2-3 Hz noise show noise radiating from the power drop. Noise in 0-2, 3-5, and 5-10 Hz bands show high levels extending along the freeway to the south and East High Line Canal to the west of the area. The Mesa thermal anomaly is centered about 2.5 km from the freeway and canal and does not seem to have any anomalous noise amplitudes associated with it. Additional results using data from two arrays of closely-spaced instruments extending from the freeway to the Mesa thermal anomaly also show no indications of high noise levels over the anomaly. This conclusion differs from the results of two previous surveys in the area (Douze and Sorrells, 1972; Geothermal Staff of Teledyne-Geotech, 1972) which show well defined noise anomalies in the 0-2, and 3-5 Hz frequency bands. A search was also made for anomalous features in noise spectra and for coherent wave trains indicating the presence of discrete sources of noise. The only predominant feature in the spectra is the 2.5 Hz peak seen at most stations, from noise generated by the power drop. Records from several three-element, L-shaped arrays with 0.3 km instrument spacing show very little visual coherence. Measurements using a cross-spectral method, however, show that highly coherent waves are found at 0.4 and 2.5 Hz; coherence is less, though significant, at 3.4 and 4.4 Hz; direction studies using phase delays from the arrays give many non-unique solutions, as the array spacing is larger than the wavelengths involved. Using the knowledge that 2.5 Hz waves are generated by the power drop, the velocity of seismic noise waves in the East Mesa area is estimated to be 0.5 km/sec.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr7496","usgsCitation":"Iyer, H.M., 1974, Search for geothermal seismic noise in the East Mesa area, Imperial Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-96, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7496.","productDescription":"52 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":146467,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0096/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":429673,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0096/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"East Mesa area, Imperial Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.83977020389776,\n 33.06510438800386\n ],\n [\n -115.83977020389776,\n 32.72142318642486\n ],\n [\n -114.51595622644872,\n 32.72142318642486\n ],\n [\n -114.51595622644872,\n 33.06510438800386\n ],\n [\n -115.83977020389776,\n 33.06510438800386\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4e45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iyer, Hariharaiyer Mahadeva","contributorId":14822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iyer","given":"Hariharaiyer","email":"","middleInitial":"Mahadeva","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":41424,"text":"ofr741030 - 1974 - Preliminary geologic map of the east half of the Winston-Salem Quadrangle, North Carolina-Virginia-Tennessee","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":41424,"text":"ofr741030 - 1974 - Preliminary geologic map of the east half of the Winston-Salem Quadrangle, North Carolina-Virginia-Tennessee","indexId":"ofr741030","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary geologic map of the east half of the Winston-Salem Quadrangle, North Carolina-Virginia-Tennessee"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":67511,"text":"i709B - 1975 - Geologic map of the east half of the Winston-Salem Quadrangle, North Carolina-Virginia","indexId":"i709B","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"Geologic map of the east half of the Winston-Salem Quadrangle, North Carolina-Virginia"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":67511,"text":"i709B - 1975 - Geologic map of the east half of the Winston-Salem Quadrangle, North Carolina-Virginia","indexId":"i709B","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic map of the east half of the Winston-Salem Quadrangle, North Carolina-Virginia"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-01T22:20:16.231852","indexId":"ofr741030","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-1030","title":"Preliminary geologic map of the east half of the Winston-Salem Quadrangle, North Carolina-Virginia-Tennessee","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr741030","usgsCitation":"Espenshade, G., Rankin, D., Shaw, K., and Neuman, R.B., 1974, Preliminary geologic map of the east half of the Winston-Salem Quadrangle, North Carolina-Virginia-Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-1030, 2 Plates: 20.66 x 27.24 inches and 31.07 x 18.16 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr741030.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 20.66 x 27.24 inches and 31.07 x 18.16 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":412570,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/1030/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":412569,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/1030/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":135364,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/1030/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"200000","country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Winston-Salem Quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.0,\n 36.0\n ],\n [\n -80,\n 36.0\n ],\n [\n -80,\n 36.5794\n ],\n [\n -82.0,\n 36.5794\n ],\n [\n -82.0,\n 36.0\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db674375","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Espenshade, G.H.","contributorId":49374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Espenshade","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":224995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rankin, D.W.","contributorId":32579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rankin","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":224994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shaw, K.W.","contributorId":95952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaw","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":224997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Neuman, R. B.","contributorId":83579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":224996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":42043,"text":"ofr741102 - 1974 - Aeromagnetic map of eastern half of the Beaver quadrangle, northeastern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-01T20:10:01.397291","indexId":"ofr741102","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-1102","title":"Aeromagnetic map of eastern half of the Beaver quadrangle, northeastern Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr741102","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1974, Aeromagnetic map of eastern half of the Beaver quadrangle, northeastern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-1102, 1 Plate: 25.26 x 25.86 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr741102.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 25.26 x 25.86 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136582,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":79795,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/1102/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate"},{"id":404600,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_8857.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Beaver quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -147,\n 66\n ],\n [\n -148,\n 66\n ],\n [\n -148,\n 67\n ],\n [\n -147,\n 67\n ],\n [\n -147,\n 66\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697e20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":530793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27849,"text":"wri743 - 1974 - A water-quality reconnaissance of Big Bear Lake, San Bernardino County, California, 1972-1973","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-26T19:56:01.138971","indexId":"wri743","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-3","title":"A water-quality reconnaissance of Big Bear Lake, San Bernardino County, California, 1972-1973","docAbstract":"A water-quality reconnaissance study of the Big Bear Lake area in southern California was made by the U.S. Geological Survey from April 1972 through April 1973. The primary purpose of the study was to measure the concentration and distribution of selected primary nutrients, organic carbon, dissolved oxygen, phytoplankton, and water temperature in the lake. Estimates of the nitrogen, phosphorus, and silica loading to the lake from surface-water tributaries and precipitation were also made.
Results of the study indicate that Big Bear Lake is moderately eutrophic, at least in regard to nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic content. Nitrate was found in either trace concentrations or below detectable limits; however, ammonia nitrogen was usually detected in concentrations greater than 0.05 milligrams per liter. Orthophosphate phosphorus was detected in mean concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 0.05 milligrams per liter. Organic nitrogen and phosphorus were also detected in measurable concentrations.
Seasonal levels of dissolved oxygen indicated that the nutrients and other controlling factors were optimum for relatively high primary productivity. However, production varied both seasonally and areally in the lake. Primary productivity seemed highest in the eastern and middle parts of the lake. The middle and western parts of the lake exhibited severe oxygen deficits in the deeper water during the warmer summer months of June and July 1972.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri743","usgsCitation":"Irwin, G.A., and Lemons, M., 1974, A water-quality reconnaissance of Big Bear Lake, San Bernardino County, California, 1972-1973: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 74-3, v, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri743.","productDescription":"v, 40 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158611,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1974/0003/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":358908,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1974/0003/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Bernardino County","otherGeospatial":"Big Bear Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.00714111328125,\n 34.214357361365884\n ],\n [\n -116.8234634399414,\n 34.214357361365884\n ],\n [\n -116.8234634399414,\n 34.29636658456932\n ],\n [\n -117.00714111328125,\n 34.29636658456932\n ],\n [\n -117.00714111328125,\n 34.214357361365884\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4d87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Irwin, George A.","contributorId":35363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lemons, Michael","contributorId":24390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemons","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27039,"text":"wri7358 - 1974 - Mathematical model of San Juan Valley ground-water basin, San Benito County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-30T15:09:54","indexId":"wri7358","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"73-58","title":"Mathematical model of San Juan Valley ground-water basin, San Benito County, California","docAbstract":"A mathematical model study of the San Juan Valley ground-water basin in San Benito County, Calif., has quantitatively described the ground-water hydrology of the basin under past, present, and future conditions of development. An analysis of conditions in the basin prior to large-scale ground-water development indicates that net recharge equaled 9.23 cubic feet per second and occurred as subsurface flow to the eastern part of the basin and infiltration of rain, direct runoff, and minor streamflows. Net predevelopment discharge equaled 9.23 cubic feet per second and occurred as aquifer discharge to the San Benito River. The 9.23 cubic feet per second of predevelopment recharge is considered to be perennial recharge to the basin.
Large-scale ground-water development occurred in the area during the period 1945-68 and caused water levels to decline throughout most of the basin. Progressive depletion of aquifer storage during this period changed the San Benito River from a gaining (perennial) stream to a losing stream along most of its reach in the basin area. Net discharge from the basin during the period 1945-68 averaged 18.10 cubic feet per second. Of this amount 17.82 cubic feet per second occurred as pumpage from wells, and
0.28 cubic foot per second occurred as basin discharge to the San Benito River. Net recharge to the basin during the same period averaged 13.57 cubic feet per second. Of this amount 4.34 cubic feet per second occurred as infiltration from the San Benito River and 9.23 cubic feet per second occurred as perennial recharge.
Use of the calibrated mathematical model to simulate quantities of imported water entering the basin from the San Benito River indicates that water levels in San Juan Valley will stabilize or recover when additional recharge equals or exceeds 3,000 acre-feet per year.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7358","usgsCitation":"Faye, R.E., 1974, Mathematical model of San Juan Valley ground-water basin, San Benito County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 73-58, iv, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7358.","productDescription":"iv, 39 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":358981,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1973/0058/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158582,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1973/0058/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Benito County","otherGeospatial":"San Juan Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.5833,\n 36.4167\n ],\n [\n -121.4167,\n 36.4167\n ],\n [\n -121.4167,\n 36.5833\n ],\n [\n -121.5833,\n 36.5833\n ],\n [\n -121.5833,\n 36.4167\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db60ffbb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faye, Robert E.","contributorId":92221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faye","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":6436,"text":"pp834 - 1974 - Systematics, environment, and biogeography of some Late Cambrian and Early Ordovician trilobites from eastern New York State","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:55","indexId":"pp834","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"834","title":"Systematics, environment, and biogeography of some Late Cambrian and Early Ordovician trilobites from eastern New York State","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/pp834","usgsCitation":"Taylor, M., and Halley, R., 1974, Systematics, environment, and biogeography of some Late Cambrian and Early Ordovician trilobites from eastern New York State: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 834, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp834.","productDescription":"38 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126361,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0834/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":33845,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0834/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adfe4b07f02db68799f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, Michael E.","contributorId":64243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Michael E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Halley, Robert B.","contributorId":45692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halley","given":"Robert B.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":152719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":67253,"text":"i830 - 1974 - Geologic map and sections of the Holy Cross quadrangle, Eagle, Lake, Pitkin, and Summit Counties, Colorado","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":16327,"text":"ofr58105 - 1958 - Geologic map of the southwestern part of the Holy Cross quadrangle, Colorado","indexId":"ofr58105","publicationYear":"1958","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic map of the southwestern part of the Holy Cross quadrangle, Colorado"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":67253,"text":"i830 - 1974 - Geologic map and sections of the Holy Cross quadrangle, Eagle, Lake, Pitkin, and Summit Counties, Colorado","indexId":"i830","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic map and sections of the Holy Cross quadrangle, Eagle, Lake, Pitkin, and Summit Counties, Colorado"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":46742,"text":"ofr71286 - 1971 - Geologic map of the Holy Cross Quadrangle, Eagle, Lake, Pitkin, and Summit counties, Colorado","indexId":"ofr71286","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic map of the Holy Cross Quadrangle, Eagle, Lake, Pitkin, and Summit counties, Colorado"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":67253,"text":"i830 - 1974 - Geologic map and sections of the Holy Cross quadrangle, Eagle, Lake, Pitkin, and Summit Counties, Colorado","indexId":"i830","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic map and sections of the Holy Cross quadrangle, Eagle, Lake, Pitkin, and Summit Counties, Colorado"},"id":2}],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-12T20:52:43.881838","indexId":"i830","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"830","title":"Geologic map and sections of the Holy Cross quadrangle, Eagle, Lake, Pitkin, and Summit Counties, Colorado","docAbstract":"This map was first published as a printed edition in 1974. The geologic data have now been captured digitally and are presented here along with images of the printed map sheets. The map encompasses the area of four 7.5-minute quadrangles between 39º15' and 39º 30'N and 106º15' and 106º30'W in the Sawatch and Gore mountain ranges, and upper part of the Arkansas River drainage in central Colorado. The Holy Cross geologic map depicts in detail the complex geology at the north end of the Sawatch Range on the west at its junction with south end of the Gore Range on the east. The ranges are separated in the southern part of the map area by the upper reaches of the Arkansas River, and in the northeast part by the narrow valley of the upper Eagle River. Sixty map units and numerous individual beds and thin units within the principal map units are shown. Paleoproterozoic and Mesoproterozoic metamorphic rocks are the principal rocks of the Sawatch Range. In the Gore Range, lower and upper Paleozoic sedimentary rocks rest unconformably on the Precambrian metamorphic rocks. Paleozoic rocks that range in age from Upper Cambrian though Middle Pennsylvanian support the Gore Range along the eastern quarter of the map. The sequence includes a basal quartzite overlain by interbedded, shale, dolomite, quartzite, and sandstone. The Leadville Dolomite, below the dark shale, is the host rock for the ore deposits at Leadville and the neighboring lead-zinc-silver districts. A wide range of Miocene to Cretaceous intrusive rocks dip east off the Sawatch Range. The Dry Union Formation of Pliocene and Miocene age fills the valley of the Arkansas River and is covered by Quaternary alluvium and glacial sediment. Glacial deposits of Bull Lake, Pinedale, and neoglacial age are present in many of the mountain valleys. The geologic structure of the quadrangle is complex in geometry and time with a distinct structural and geographic break along the west front of the Gore Range in the eastern quarter of the quadrangle. In general, Paleozoic strata intruded by Tertiary and Cretaceous irregular linear plutons and sills of the Gore Range are tilted east from the Sawatch Range. These rocks are broken by major normal faults in a complex pattern commonly associated with Paleocene? and Cretaceous intrusive porphyries. In the Sawatch Range, two large Precambrian igneous complexes are separated by a broad shear zone of Precambrian age that extends northwest across the quadrangle and beneath Paleozoic rocks of the Gore Range. Down-to-valley normal faults define the margins of the Arkansas and upper Eagle River valleys. The Leadville, Sugarloaf, and St. Kevin districts have produced significant amounts of silver. The Homestake mine at the head of West Tennessee Creek produced silver and lead from veins bearing siderite and barite. Scattered veins in shear zones along Homestake Creek are mainly argentiferous galena veins; some are quartz and copper. Veins at Holy Cross City produced gold. Other veins in the area have produced gold, silver, and minor amounts of copper.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/i830","usgsCitation":"Tweto, O., and Brandt, T., 1974, Geologic map and sections of the Holy Cross quadrangle, Eagle, Lake, Pitkin, and Summit Counties, Colorado (Originally posted in 1974; Digital edition July 19, 2013): U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 830, Report: 9 p.; 1 Plate: 36.00 x 50.05; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/i830.","productDescription":"Report: 9 p.; 1 Plate: 36.00 x 50.05; Downloads Directory","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":189301,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/i830.gif"},{"id":398599,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_9660.htm"},{"id":275187,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/830/downloads/I-830_map.pdf"},{"id":275186,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/830/"},{"id":275188,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/830/downloads/I-830textonly_508.pdf"},{"id":275189,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/830/downloads/"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Eagle County. Lake County, Pitkin County, Summit County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.5,39.25 ], [ -106.5,39.5 ], [ -106.25,39.5 ], [ -106.25,39.25 ], [ -106.5,39.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Originally posted in 1974; Digital edition July 19, 2013","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db672287","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tweto, Ogden","contributorId":52939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tweto","given":"Ogden","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":275854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brandt, Theodore R.","contributorId":102336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"Theodore R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":275855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29538,"text":"wri7352 - 1974 - Flood characteristics of Oklahoma streams techniques for calculating magnitude and frequency of floods in Oklahoma, with compilations of flood data through 1971","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-25T10:51:33","indexId":"wri7352","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"73-52","title":"Flood characteristics of Oklahoma streams techniques for calculating magnitude and frequency of floods in Oklahoma, with compilations of flood data through 1971","docAbstract":"The 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, and 100-year recurrence interval floods are related to basin and climatic parameters for natural streams in Oklahoma by multiple regression techniques through the mathematical model,
Qx=aAbScPd,
where Qx is peak discharge for recurrence interval x, A is contributing drainage area, S is main channel slope, P is mean annual precipitation, and a, b, c, and d are regression constants and coefficients. One equation for each recurrence interval applies statewide for all natural streams of less than 2,500 mil (6,500 km2), except where manmade works, such as dams, flood-detention structures, levees, channelization, and urban development, appreciably affect flood runoff. The equations can be used to estimate flood frequency of a stream at an ungaged site if drainage area size, main channel slope, and mean annual precipitation are known. At or near gaged sites, a weighted average of the regression results and the gaging station data is recommended.
Individual relations of flood magnitude to contributing drainage area are given for all or parts of the main stems of the Arkansas, Salt Fork Arkansas, Cimarron, North Canadian, Canadian, Washita, North Fork Red, and Red Rivers. Parts of some of these streams, and all of the Neosho and Verdigris Rivers are not included because the effects of. major regulation from large reservoirs cannot be evaluated within the scope of the report.
Graphical relations of maximum floods of record for eastern and western Oklahoma provide a guide to maximum probable floods.
A random sampling of the seasonal occurrence of floods indicated about two-thirds of all annual floods in Oklahoma occur during. April through July. Less than one-half of one percent of annual floods occur in December.
A compilation of flood records at all gaging sites in Oklahoma and some selected sites in adjacent States is given in an appendix. Basin and climatic parameters and log-Pearson Type III frequency data and statistics are given for most station records. A second appendix gives a reprint of the U.S. Water Resources Council Bulletin 15 which describes procedures for fitting a log-Pearson Type III distribution to gaging station data.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7352","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with State of Oklahoma Department of Highways and U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration","usgsCitation":"Sauer, V.B., 1974, Flood characteristics of Oklahoma streams techniques for calculating magnitude and frequency of floods in Oklahoma, with compilations of flood data through 1971: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 73-52, 306 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7352.","productDescription":"306 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159538,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1973/0052/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":354494,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1973/0052/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -102.98583984374999,\n 36.99377838872517\n ],\n [\n -103.0078125,\n 36.500805317604794\n ],\n [\n -100.01953125,\n 36.500805317604794\n ],\n [\n -99.97558593749999,\n 34.56085936708384\n ],\n [\n -99.82177734375,\n 34.46127728843705\n ],\n [\n -99.66796875,\n 34.38877925439021\n ],\n [\n -99.60205078124999,\n 34.397844946449865\n ],\n [\n -99.4482421875,\n 34.352506668675936\n ],\n [\n -99.371337890625,\n 34.379712580462204\n ],\n [\n -99.239501953125,\n 34.298068350990825\n ],\n [\n -99.129638671875,\n 34.20725938207231\n ],\n [\n -98.96484375,\n 34.17999758688084\n ],\n [\n -98.778076171875,\n 34.098159345215535\n ],\n [\n -98.67919921875,\n 34.15272698011818\n ],\n [\n -98.536376953125,\n 34.06176136129718\n ],\n [\n -98.41552734375,\n 34.08906131584994\n ],\n [\n -98.349609375,\n 34.098159345215535\n ],\n [\n -98.19580078125,\n 34.098159345215535\n ],\n [\n -98.1298828125,\n 34.05265942137599\n ],\n [\n -98.02001953125,\n 33.970697997361626\n ],\n [\n -97.943115234375,\n 33.897777013859475\n ],\n [\n -97.822265625,\n 33.8521697014074\n ],\n [\n -97.646484375,\n 33.916013113401696\n ],\n [\n -97.525634765625,\n 33.8521697014074\n ],\n [\n -97.36083984375,\n 33.8247936182649\n ],\n [\n -97.218017578125,\n 33.8430453147447\n ],\n [\n -97.22900390625,\n 33.770015152780125\n ],\n [\n -97.119140625,\n 33.7243396617476\n ],\n [\n -97.00927734375,\n 33.8430453147447\n ],\n [\n -96.92138671875,\n 33.87953701355924\n ],\n [\n -96.800537109375,\n 33.8339199536547\n ],\n [\n -96.64672851562499,\n 33.86129311351553\n ],\n [\n -96.52587890625,\n 33.76088200086917\n ],\n [\n -96.317138671875,\n 33.65120829920497\n ],\n [\n -96.17431640625,\n 33.742612777346885\n ],\n [\n -96.097412109375,\n 33.8339199536547\n ],\n [\n -95.767822265625,\n 33.8247936182649\n ],\n [\n -95.55908203125,\n 33.88865750124075\n ],\n [\n -95.482177734375,\n 33.8521697014074\n ],\n [\n -95.3173828125,\n 33.87953701355924\n ],\n [\n -95.20751953125,\n 33.94335994657882\n ],\n [\n -95.07568359375,\n 33.87953701355924\n ],\n [\n -94.921875,\n 33.779147331286474\n ],\n [\n -94.72412109375,\n 33.696922692957685\n ],\n [\n -94.603271484375,\n 33.62376800118811\n ],\n [\n -94.482421875,\n 33.5963189611327\n ],\n [\n -94.41650390625,\n 35.38904996691167\n ],\n [\n -94.625244140625,\n 36.465471886798134\n ],\n [\n -94.625244140625,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -102.98583984374999,\n 36.99377838872517\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5ef18b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sauer, Vernon B.","contributorId":92645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"Vernon","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2673,"text":"wsp2031 - 1974 - Influence of recharge basins on the hydrology of Nassau and Suffolk Counties, Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:25","indexId":"wsp2031","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2031","title":"Influence of recharge basins on the hydrology of Nassau and Suffolk Counties, Long Island, New York","docAbstract":"An investigation of recharge basins on Long Island was made by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Nassau County Department of Public Works, Suffolk County Department of Environmental Control, and Suffolk County Water Authority. The major objectives of the study were to (1) catalog basic physical data on the recharge basins in use on Long Island, (2) measure quality and quantity of precipitation and inflow, (3) measure infiltration rates at selected recharge basins, and (4) evaluate regional effects of recharge basins on the hydrologic system of Long Island. The area of study consists of Nassau and Suffolk Counties -- about 1,370 square miles -- in eastern Long Island, N.Y. \r\n\r\nRecharge basins, numbering more than 2,100 on Long Island in 1969, are open pits in moderately to highly permeable sand and gravel deposits. These pits are used to dispose of storm runoff from residential, industrial, and commercial areas, and from highways, by infiltration of the water through the bottom and sides of the basins. \r\n\r\nThe hydrology of three recharge basins on Long Island -- Westbury, Syosset, and Deer Park basins -- was studied. The precipitation-inflow relation showed that the average percentages of precipitation flowing into each basin were roughly equivalent to the average percentages of impervious areas in the total drainage areas of the basins. Average percentages of precipitation flowing into the basins as direct runoff were 12 percent at the Westbury basin, 10 percent at the Syosset basin, and 7 percent at the Deer Park basin. Numerous open-bottomed storm-water catch basins at Syosset and Deer Park reduced the proportion of inflow to those basins, as compared with the Westbury basin, which has only a few open-bottomed catch basins. \r\n\r\nInflow hydrographs for each basin typify the usual urban runoff hydrograph -- steeply rising and falling limbs, sharp peaks, and short time bases. Unit hydrographs for the Westbury and the Syosset basins are not expected to change; however, the unit hydrograph for the Deer Park basin is expected to broaden somewhat as a result of additional future house construction within the drainage area. \r\n\r\nInfiltration rates averaged 0.9 fph (feet per hour) for 63 storms between July 1967 and May 1970 at the Westbury recharge basin, 0.8 fph for 22 storms from July 1969 to September 1970 at the Syosset recharge basin, and 0.2 fph for 24 storms from March to September 1970 at the Deer Park recharge basin. Low infiltration rates at Deer Park resulted mainly from (1) a high percentage of eroded silt, clay, and organic debris washed in from construction sites in the drainage area, which partly filled the interstices of the natural deposits, and (2) a lack of a well-developed plant-root system on the floor of the younger basin, which would have kept the soil zone more permeable. \r\n\r\nThe apparent rate of movement of storm water through the unsaturated zone below each basin averaged 5.5 fph at Westbury, 3.7 fph at Syosset, and 3.1 fph at Deer Park. The rates of movement for storms during the warm months (April through October) were slightly higher than average, probably because the recharging water was warmer than it was during the rest of the year, and therefore, was slightly less viscous.\r\n\r\nOn the average, a 1-inch rainfall resulted in a peak rise of the water table directly below each basin of 0.5 foot; a 2-inch rainfall resulted in a peak rise of about 2 feet. The mound commonly dissipated within 1 to 4 days at Westbury, 7 days to more than 15 days at Syosset, and 1 to 3 days at Deer Park, depending on the magnitude of the peak buildup. \r\n\r\nAverage annual ground-water recharge was estimated to be 6.4 acre-feet at the Westbury recharge basin, 10.3 acre-feet at the Syosset recharge basin, and 29.6 acre-feet at the Deer Park recharge basin. \r\n\r\nChemical composition of precipitation at Westbury, Syosset, and Deer Park drainage areas was similar: ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2031","usgsCitation":"Seaburn, G., and Aronson, D.A., 1974, Influence of recharge basins on the hydrology of Nassau and Suffolk Counties, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2031, vi, 66 p. :ill. (1 fold. in pocket) ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2031.","productDescription":"vi, 66 p. :ill. (1 fold. in pocket) ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138260,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2031/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":247234,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2031/plate-1.pdf","size":"1142","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29023,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2031/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f0e4b07f02db5ede49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seaburn, G.E.","contributorId":42193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seaburn","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aronson, D. A.","contributorId":20308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aronson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29640,"text":"wri7347 - 1974 - Erosion and sediment yields in mountain watersheds of the Transverse Ranges Ventura and Los Angeles Counties, California; analysis of rates and processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-30T15:07:26","indexId":"wri7347","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"73-47","title":"Erosion and sediment yields in mountain watersheds of the Transverse Ranges Ventura and Los Angeles Counties, California; analysis of rates and processes","docAbstract":"Major-storm and long-term erosion rates in mountain watersheds of the western Transverse Ranges of Ventura County are estimated to range from low values that will not require the construction of catchments or channel-stabilization structures to values as high as those recorded anywhere for comparable bedrock erodibilities.
A major reason for this extreme variability is the high degree of tectonic activity in the area--watersheds are locally being uplifted by at least as much as 25 feet per 1,000 years, yet the maximum extrapolated rate of denudation measured over the longest available period of record is 7.5 feet per 1,000 years adjusted to a drainage area of 0.5 square mile. Evidence of large amounts of uplift continuing into historic time includes structurally overturned strata of Pleistocene age, active thrust faulting, demonstrable stream antecedence, uplifted and deformed terraces, and other results of base-level change seen in stream channels. Such evidence is widespread in the Transverse Ranges, and aspects of the landscape, such as drainage-net characteristics and hillslope morphology, are locally more a function of tectonic activity than of denudational process. Many of the 72 study watersheds are located on frontal escarpments of mountain blocks cut by recently active thrust faults, along which the upper part of the drainage basin has overthrusted either the lower part of the basin or the adjacent valley area.
To define erosion rates in 35 small watersheds in the western Transverse Ranges, a group of 37 similar watersheds with measured sediment yields in debris basins was selected from the eastern Transverse Ranges in Los Angeles County. Sediment yields from this group of watersheds during the record-breaking 1969 storms ranged from relatively low rates to values equivalent to reduction of the entire land surface of a watershed by more than 2 inches.
Correlation of erosion rates from the watersheds with measured rates to the group with unknown rates required definition of the chief factors that control the erosion rates. Numerous types and combinations of variables measuring physiography, soil erodibility, slope stability, hydrologic factors, wildfire effects, vegetation, and land use were analyzed by regression. A slope-stability variable retained in regressions at significant levels was the proportion of watershed drainage area underlain by slope failures, a logical measure of increased erodibility caused by uplift.
The importance in the area of debris flows, mudflows, and mass movements--forms of sediment transport not involving normal aqueous entrainment--is also a reflection of the active tectonic setting of the Transverse Ranges. Implicit in the detailed study of selected physiographic and slope-failure variables was the logical assumption that correlation with the probability of transport by these exotic but quantitatively important sedimentation processes would be achieved.
So prominent and widespread was evidence of debris flows in the small study watersheds after the 1969 storms, that it was possible to formulate a model for the dispersal of sediment in such watersheds: Lateral supply of sediment to stream channels is a relatively continuous process, accomplished in significant part during the dry season by dry-sliding, in addition to wet-season contributions from overland flow and mass movements. During periods without major storms, stream channels undergo more-or-less time-continuous fill. Then, during a storm of high recurrence interval, channel-bed material is mobilized and dispersed in large part by debris flows--coarse granular slurries, some of which are induced by mass movements triggered by the storm. Channels undergo substantial net scour, accomplished by removal of bed material in debris flows and by scour during recession flow. Valley-side slopes are undercut by bank erosion, and a new cycle of channel infilling by hillslope processes is initiated.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7347","usgsCitation":"Scott, K.M., and Williams, R.P., 1974, Erosion and sediment yields in mountain watersheds of the Transverse Ranges Ventura and Los Angeles Counties, California; analysis of rates and processes: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 73-47, v, 66 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7347.","productDescription":"v, 66 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159718,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1973/0047/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":358979,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1973/0047/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Los Angeles County, Ventura County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.25,\n 34\n ],\n [\n -117.75,\n 34\n ],\n [\n -117.75,\n 34.5\n ],\n [\n -119.25,\n 34.5\n ],\n [\n -119.25,\n 34\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdf6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, Kevin M.","contributorId":88331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":201866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Rhea P.","contributorId":87114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Rhea","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":15441,"text":"ofr7486 - 1974 - Response of ground-water levels of flood control operations in three basins, south-eastern Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-04T17:44:08.754532","indexId":"ofr7486","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-86","title":"Response of ground-water levels of flood control operations in three basins, south-eastern Florida","docAbstract":"Three basins in southeastern Florida were investigated to determine the changes in ground-water levels and canal flows that occurred in response to operation of coastal water-control structures in each canal. All three basins are underlain by the Biscayne aquifer. They are, Snapper Creek Canal basin, where the Biscayne aquifer is of high permeability; the Snake Creek Canal basin, where the aquifer is of moderate permeability; and the Pompano-Cypress Canal basin, where the aquifer is of low permeability. In each basin, drainage is a function of permeability; thus, where the permeability of the aquifer is high, drainage is excellent. The coastal water-conrol structures are intended to afford flood protection in the three basins. In general the control operation criteria for flood control in newly developing areas in southeastern Florida do not provide adequate protection from flooding because of the time required for the aquifer to respond to changes in the controls. Adequate protection would require increasing the density of secondary drainage canals, but this could achieved only by reducing the quantity of water available for recharging those segments of the Biscayne aquifer adjacent to the canals. (Woodrad-USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr7486","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Central and Southern Florida Flood Control District","usgsCitation":"Pitt, W.A., 1974, Response of ground-water levels of flood control operations in three basins, south-eastern Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-86, 71 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7486.","productDescription":"71 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":493444,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0086/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":148448,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0086/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db6283ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pitt, William A.J.","contributorId":50904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitt","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"A.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":6173,"text":"pp723 - 1974 - Geology and ore deposits of the Rico District, Colorado","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":55430,"text":"ofr4451 - 1944 - Lead and zinc deposits at Rico, Colorado","indexId":"ofr4451","publicationYear":"1944","noYear":false,"title":"Lead and zinc deposits at Rico, Colorado"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":6173,"text":"pp723 - 1974 - Geology and ore deposits of the Rico District, Colorado","indexId":"pp723","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and ore deposits of the Rico District, Colorado"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-23T17:16:36.996908","indexId":"pp723","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"723","title":"Geology and ore deposits of the Rico District, Colorado","docAbstract":"The Rico district is in the Dolores River valley at the east end of Dolores County in southwestern Colorado. Mining has been actively carried on in the district since 1879. In the early days, silver was the chief product and was mined largely from Newman Hill southeast of the town of Rico. After 1900, the base metals, particularly lead and zinc, mined in other parts of the district, became the major products, though silver remained an important byproduct. The production of the Rico district from 1879 to 1968 has been about 83,000 ounces gold, 14,500,000 ounces silver, 5,600 tons copper, 84,000 tons lead, and 83,000 tons zinc.","language":"English","publisher":"United States Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp723","usgsCitation":"McKnight, E.T., 1974, Geology and ore deposits of the Rico District, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 723, Report: iv, 100 p.; 3 Plates: 39.12 x 30.78 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp723.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 100 p.; 3 Plates: 39.12 x 30.78 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":268345,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0723/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":495917,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5016.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":268955,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0723/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":268956,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0723/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":337211,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0723/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":140786,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0723/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Rico District","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.045,\n 37.7283\n ],\n [\n -108.045,\n 37.6703\n ],\n [\n -107.9869,\n 37.6703\n ],\n [\n -107.9869,\n 37.7283\n ],\n [\n -108.045,\n 37.7283\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db6843f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKnight, Edwin Thor","contributorId":61812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKnight","given":"Edwin","email":"","middleInitial":"Thor","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1012,"text":"wsp2022 - 1974 - Water availability in central Wisconsin — An area of near-surface crystalline rock","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-15T21:55:08.690502","indexId":"wsp2022","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2022","title":"Water availability in central Wisconsin — An area of near-surface crystalline rock","docAbstract":"Available ground water in much of central Wisconsin is limited to discharge through wells of low yield. Aquifers that yield small amounts of water to wells include fractured crystalline rock at or near surface in the eastern part of the area, sandstone overlying crystalline rock in the southern and western parts, and glacial till that covers the area north and west of the Marshfield moraine. Many wells in crystalline rock yield less than 2 gpm (gallons per minute). About 90 percent of the wells in sandstone and most wells in glacial till yield 5-9.0 gpm. Outwash sand and gravel in segments of some bedrock channels, however, yield large supplies of water to wells. Wells in surficial sand and gravel in the lower valleys of major tributaries to the Wisconsin River yield as much as 450 gpm. Sand and gravel in segments of bedrock channels, many of which were delineated during this project, are covered by till or alluvium; wells in these sand and gravel deposits yield 100-400 gpm. Induced recharge to buried aquifers by infiltration of water through the beds of overlying streams is feasible at six sites within 8 miles of Marshfield. Infiltration through the streambed of Little Eau Pleine River about 7 miles northeast of Marshfield was about 200 gpm when the ground-water level was lowered temporarily. Additional recharge through ponding is possible at other sites. Streamflows in the area generally are not dependable sources of municipal or industrial supplies without storage. Nearly one-third of the flows measured in August 1969 were less than 0.01 cubic foot per second per square mile. Annual flows, however, would provide adequate within-year storage. Chemical quality of water in the area is suitable for most uses. Ground water is hard, contains objectionable concentrations of iron, and locally is high in nitrate content. Surface water has an average dissolved-solids content of about 100 milligrams per liter.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp2022","usgsCitation":"Bell, E.A., and Sherrill, M.G., 1974, Water availability in central Wisconsin — An area of near-surface crystalline rock: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2022, Report: iv, 32 p. : 6 Plates: 36.00 x 34.57 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2022.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 32 p. : 6 Plates: 36.00 x 34.57 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":25620,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2022/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25619,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2022/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25618,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2022/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25617,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2022/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25623,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2022/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137897,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2022/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25622,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2022/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25621,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2022/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":392974,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25512.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Clark County, Jackson County, Lincoln County, Marathon County, Portage County, Taylor County, Wood County","otherGeospatial":"Black River, Wisconsin River","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-90.3123,44.2497],[-90.3124,44.1549],[-90.373,44.1577],[-90.4355,44.1609],[-90.5534,44.1601],[-90.6158,44.16],[-90.6744,44.1595],[-90.7929,44.1589],[-90.9134,44.1585],[-90.9196,44.1512],[-90.9259,44.1479],[-90.9303,44.1479],[-90.9386,44.1464],[-90.9482,44.1468],[-90.9575,44.1389],[-90.9695,44.132],[-90.9726,44.1301],[-90.9736,44.085],[-90.9739,44.0708],[-91.0318,44.0711],[-91.1241,44.0714],[-91.1324,44.0713],[-91.1515,44.071],[-91.1517,44.0806],[-91.1523,44.1585],[-91.1523,44.2086],[-91.1532,44.2474],[-91.1654,44.2477],[-91.1662,44.3352],[-91.1646,44.4228],[-91.166,44.5099],[-91.1656,44.597],[-91.0444,44.5966],[-90.9225,44.5961],[-90.9218,44.6833],[-90.9214,44.7558],[-90.9217,44.7704],[-90.9222,44.8576],[-90.9228,44.9443],[-90.9231,44.9913],[-90.9227,45.0311],[-90.924,45.0603],[-90.9226,45.1192],[-90.9271,45.1192],[-90.9257,45.2055],[-90.925,45.2919],[-90.9256,45.3796],[-90.8503,45.3781],[-90.823,45.3783],[-90.8022,45.3781],[-90.7017,45.3781],[-90.679,45.3778],[-90.5557,45.3775],[-90.4318,45.377],[-90.3533,45.3794],[-90.2904,45.3807],[-90.1671,45.3818],[-90.0419,45.3819],[-90.0426,45.4678],[-90.0433,45.5551],[-89.9197,45.5551],[-89.7961,45.5559],[-89.6725,45.5556],[-89.5489,45.5562],[-89.4286,45.5553],[-89.4274,45.4707],[-89.4268,45.3802],[-89.4256,45.293],[-89.4257,45.2057],[-89.4258,45.1189],[-89.3457,45.1184],[-89.3024,45.1184],[-89.2242,45.1187],[-89.2239,45.0297],[-89.2236,44.9429],[-89.224,44.8562],[-89.2243,44.769],[-89.2245,44.7161],[-89.2234,44.6814],[-89.2231,44.5916],[-89.2235,44.504],[-89.2238,44.4174],[-89.2242,44.3308],[-89.2245,44.2433],[-89.2469,44.2438],[-89.3464,44.2439],[-89.3649,44.2439],[-89.4835,44.244],[-89.488,44.244],[-89.5977,44.2458],[-89.606,44.2458],[-89.717,44.2475],[-89.7247,44.2479],[-89.8376,44.249],[-89.8982,44.2493],[-89.9557,44.2491],[-89.9908,44.249],[-90.073,44.2491],[-90.0807,44.2491],[-90.1675,44.2491],[-90.1924,44.249],[-90.1975,44.249],[-90.1994,44.249],[-90.3123,44.2497]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Clark\",\"state\":\"WI\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa2f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bell, Edwin Allen","contributorId":84340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"Edwin","email":"","middleInitial":"Allen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sherrill, Marvin G.","contributorId":91469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrill","given":"Marvin","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":48270,"text":"ofr7457 - 1974 - Geology and ground water for land-use planning in the Eagle River-Chugiak area, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-20T22:14:25.979311","indexId":"ofr7457","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-57","title":"Geology and ground water for land-use planning in the Eagle River-Chugiak area, Alaska","docAbstract":"The Eagle River — Chugiak area is a rapidly growing residential part of the Greater Anchorage Area Borough, south-central Alaska. High-density, urban development in some parts of the area may be restricted because of the nature of the surficial geologic materials and their hydrologic characteristics. This report assembles all information collected by the U.S. Geological Survey on the geology and ground-water resources of the Eagle River — Chugiak area.
The study area lies mostly within the Cook Inlet — Susitna Lowland and consists of low hills and intervening channels, hummocky ridges, sloping alluvial fans, and low-lying tidal flats that border Knik Arm. The eastern part of the area lies on the steep slopes of the Chugach Mountains. Drainage is generally to the west and northwest, except that locally the slopes drain southwesterly to the Eagle River, the major stream of the area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr7457","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Greater Anchorage Area Borough","usgsCitation":"Zenone, C., Schmoll, H.R., and Dobrovolny, E., 1974, Geology and ground water for land-use planning in the Eagle River-Chugiak area, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-57, Report: 25 p.; 1 Plate: 21.71 x 29.76 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7457.","productDescription":"Report: 25 p.; 1 Plate: 21.71 x 29.76 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":418257,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0057/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":418256,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0057/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":407800,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_15072.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":172286,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/0057/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Eagle River-Chugiak area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -149.625,\n 61.267\n ],\n [\n -149.403,\n 61.267\n ],\n [\n -149.403,\n 61.427\n ],\n [\n -149.625,\n 61.427\n ],\n [\n -149.625,\n 61.267\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db686072","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zenone, Chester","contributorId":8094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zenone","given":"Chester","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":237070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmoll, Henry R. schmoll@usgs.gov","contributorId":3793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmoll","given":"Henry","email":"schmoll@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":237069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dobrovolny, Ernest","contributorId":45288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dobrovolny","given":"Ernest","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":237071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":42045,"text":"ofr741104 - 1974 - Aeromagnetic map of eastern half of the Livengood Quadrangle, northeastern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-26T17:18:34","indexId":"ofr741104","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-1104","title":"Aeromagnetic map of eastern half of the Livengood Quadrangle, northeastern Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ","doi":"10.3133/ofr741104","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1974, Aeromagnetic map of eastern half of the Livengood Quadrangle, northeastern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-1104, 26.58 x 26.52 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr741104.","productDescription":"26.58 x 26.52 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136584,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":79797,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/1104/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate","size":"2.32 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate"}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -147,\n 66\n ],\n [\n -150,\n 66\n ],\n [\n -150,\n 65\n ],\n [\n -147,\n 65\n ],\n [\n -147,\n 66\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697e05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":530795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":42044,"text":"ofr741103 - 1974 - Aeromagnetic map of eastern half of the Chandalar quadrangle, northeastern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-27T20:42:58.765014","indexId":"ofr741103","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-1103","title":"Aeromagnetic map of eastern half of the Chandalar quadrangle, northeastern Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr741103","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1974, Aeromagnetic map of eastern half of the Chandalar quadrangle, northeastern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-1103, 1 Plate: 24.09 x 26.07 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr741103.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 24.09 x 26.07 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":136583,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":389847,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_8858.htm"},{"id":79796,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1974/1103/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate"}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Chandalar quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -147,\n 68\n ],\n [\n -148.5,\n 68\n ],\n [\n -148.5,\n 67\n ],\n [\n -147,\n 67\n ],\n [\n -147,\n 68\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697e2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":530794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":59628,"text":"mf620 - 1974 - Seismotectonic map of the Eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-18T13:56:08","indexId":"mf620","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"620","title":"Seismotectonic map of the Eastern United States","docAbstract":"The purpose of a seismotectonic map is to describe the distribution of historic seismic activity in relation to geologic structures and tectonic provinces and to identify structures or regions that are characterized by consistent relations between seismic activity and structural features. An experimental study to test the feasibility of preparing such a map and its usefulness in evaluating earthquake hazards was initiated jointly by the U.S. Geological Survey and the former Seismology Division of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; financial support was provided by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. It was hoped that the study would develop evidence for the existence of tectonic regions or structural provinces that are useful in defining parameters of seismic hazard in relation to engineered structures. As with many experiments, this one did not produce the results envisioned at the outset, but it did result, we think, in assembling seismic and structural data useful in evaluating the distribution and origin of earthquakes in the eastern part of the United States and in delimiting areas of relative seismic activity.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf620","isbn":"060780047X","usgsCitation":"Hadley, J.B., and Devine, J.F., 1974, Seismotectonic map of the Eastern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 620, 4 Sheets: 25.49 x 32.39 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf620.","productDescription":"4 Sheets: 25.49 x 32.39 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":360488,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/0620/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":360486,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/0620/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":360487,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/0620/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":360489,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/0620/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":185426,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/0620/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -96,25 ], [ -96,49 ], [ -64,49 ], [ -64,25 ], [ -96,25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4e01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hadley, Jarvis B.","contributorId":24346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hadley","given":"Jarvis","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":262347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Devine, James F. jdevine@usgs.gov","contributorId":4615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Devine","given":"James","email":"jdevine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":262348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28989,"text":"wri7345 - 1974 - Base and thickness of the Post-Eocene continental deposits in the Sacramento Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T13:43:43","indexId":"wri7345","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"73-45","title":"Base and thickness of the Post-Eocene continental deposits in the Sacramento Valley, California","docAbstract":"The Sacramento Valley, which forms most of the northern one-third of the Central Valley, is a broad structural trough. The study area comprises the valley floor and some of the foothills of the Sierra Nevada and the Coast Ranges, a total area of about 6,000 square miles.
Beneath most places in the valley, the base of the post-Eocene continental deposits is equivalent to the base of the Tehama Formation of Pliocene age, which in some places at least may be of late Oligocene and early Miocene age. The deposits consist of intercalated beds of gravel, sand, silt, clay, tuff, conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, and claystone. And beneath large areas along the eastern side of the valley the deposits consist of basaltic and andesitic mudflows, tuff, tuff breccias, volcanic sandstones and conglomerates, and sand and gravel, as well as overlying nonvolcanic sediments. They contain most of the fresh ground water in the valley.
The structure of the base of the continental deposits is that of a large northward-trending syncline whose trend is interrupted only by the Sutter Buttes. In the subsurface, faulting has occurred mostly within the basal part of the deposits. Beneath the northeastern part of the valley, along the Chico monocline, faulting has occurred through probably the total thickness of the deposits.
The deposits range in thickness from zero near the margins of the valley to about 3,500 feet beneath the south-central part of the valley. The thickest sections occur along the axis of the syncline, but near Sutter Buttes the deposits are thinner than at any other locale near the central part of the valley.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7345","usgsCitation":"Page, R.W., 1974, Base and thickness of the Post-Eocene continental deposits in the Sacramento Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 73-45, iii, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7345.","productDescription":"iii, 16 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":439031,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9XQ1CQF","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Digital subsurface data from previously published maps of the base and thickness of post-Eocene continental deposits in the Sacramento Valley, California"},{"id":158885,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1973/0045/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":358896,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1973/0045/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.904052734375,\n 38.013476231041935\n ],\n [\n -120.70678710937499,\n 38.013476231041935\n ],\n [\n -120.70678710937499,\n 40.64730356252251\n ],\n [\n -122.904052734375,\n 40.64730356252251\n ],\n [\n -122.904052734375,\n 38.013476231041935\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6492b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Page, R. W.","contributorId":17215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26129,"text":"wri7435 - 1974 - A method for estimating magnitude and frequency of floods in South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-30T12:50:35","indexId":"wri7435","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"74-35","title":"A method for estimating magnitude and frequency of floods in South Dakota","docAbstract":"A general flood-frequency analysis has provided a method for estimating flood magnitudes and frequencies on South Dakota streams. Related flood data useful in planning and design also are included in the report.
Two distinct hydrologic regions are delineated within the State. The divisional boundary for these regions is, in general, the western divide of the James River basin. For each region, the 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, and 100-year floods are related to basin and climatic characteristics by regression equations. Indices based on contributing drainage area size, elevation, and mean annual precipitation were found to be the most useful variables in estimation of South Dakota floods. Regional relationships based on these variables can be used to estimate floods of selected frequency at most ungaged sites where peak flows are not significantly affected by regulation or other manmade works. Equations and graphs presented are applicable to drainage basins with areas approximately from
0.1 to 4,000 square miles (0.3 to 10,400 square kilometres) in the Eastern Region and from 0.1 to 9,000 square miles (0.3 to 23,300 square kilometres) in the Western Region. Limitations on use of these equations are given and the accuracy of resulting estimates is discussed.
Flood characteristics are tabulated for 130 gaging stations having 10 or more years of record. These frequency data may provide the best estimates of floods at these gaged sites. Also, maximum flood peaks determined at 188 gaging stations and 52 miscellaneous sites are compared with regional flood relationships.
Individual relationships are presented for the main-stem portions of selected streams where significant regulation is a factor or where drainage areas exceed the limits of applicability of the regional relationships.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7435","usgsCitation":"Becker, L.D., 1974, A method for estimating magnitude and frequency of floods in South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 74-35, iv, 78 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7435.","productDescription":"iv, 78 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358952,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1974/0035/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158217,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1974/0035/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South 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Dakota\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae0de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Becker, Lawrence D.","contributorId":83965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":68322,"text":"ha527 - 1974 - Reconnaissance of the upper Au Sable River a cold-water river in the north-central part of Michigan's southern peninsula","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-02T18:30:55.84899","indexId":"ha527","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1974","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"527","title":"Reconnaissance of the upper Au Sable River a cold-water river in the north-central part of Michigan's southern peninsula","docAbstract":"The Au Sable River is one of Michigan’s most popular trout streams and canoe trails. Its riverside campgrounds are enjoyed by thousands of campers each year, and many cabins and homes have been built on its banks. At present, interests of the different recreationists – fishermen, canoers, campers, and riverside property owners – conflict. The conflict results from the face that the recreational potential is limited by the hydrologic characteristics of the river – its streamflow, quality of water, and character of stream channel, bed, and banks. The purpose of this report is to describe these characteristics and to show how they relate to the recreational potential of the stream.
From its headwaters near Frederic the Au Sable flows southward to Grayling, then generally eastward to Lake Huron at Oscoda. Recreational use of the river is concentrated in the segment starting at Grayling and extending downstream to Wakeley Bridge, about 15 river miles. This report is concerned mainly with this part of the river.
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