No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"VITO","usgsCitation":"Meyer, D.J., Reed, B., Loveland, T., Eidenshink, J., Tieszen, L., Schiller, S., Merchant, J., and Lewis, J., 1995, Monitoring seasonal dynamics of North America grasslands using VEGETATION: VEGETATION Newsletter, v. 3, p. 9-10.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"9","endPage":"10","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341194,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5916c9bee4b044b359e486d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, D. J.","contributorId":46721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, B. C. 0000-0002-1132-7178","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1132-7178","contributorId":55594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"B. C.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":694954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":106125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas R.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":694955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eidenshink, J.C.","contributorId":11747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eidenshink","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tieszen, L.L.","contributorId":24046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tieszen","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schiller, S.","contributorId":191983,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schiller","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Merchant, J.","contributorId":191984,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Merchant","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lewis, J.","contributorId":79672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70019215,"text":"70019215 - 1995 - Biotic and abiotic processes controlling water chemistry during snowmelt at rabbit ears pass, Rocky Mountains, Colorado, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:10","indexId":"70019215","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Biotic and abiotic processes controlling water chemistry during snowmelt at rabbit ears pass, Rocky Mountains, Colorado, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"The chemical composition of snowmelt, groundwater, and streamwater was monitored during the spring of 1991 and 1992 in a 200-ha subalpine catchment on the western flank of the Rocky Mountains near Steamboat Springs, Colorado. Most of the snowmelt occurred during a one-month period annually that began in mid-May 1991 and mid-April 1992. The average water quality characteristics of individual sampling sites (meltwater, streamwater, and groundwater) were similar in 1991 and 1992. The major ions in meltwater were differentially eluted from the snowpack, and meltwater was dominated by Ca2+, SO4/2-, and NO3/-. Groundwater and streamwater were dominated by weathering products, including Ca2+, HCO3/- (measured as alkalinity), and SiO2, and their concentrations decreased as snowmelt progressed. One well had extremely high NO3/- concentrations, which were balanced by Ca2+ concentrations. For this well, hydrogen ion was hypothesized to be generated from nitrification in overlying soils, and subsequently exchanged with other cations, particularly Ca2+. Solute concentrations in streamwater also decreased as snowmelt progressed. Variations in groundwater levels and solute concentrations indicate thai most of the meltwater traveled through the surficial materials. A mass balance for 1992 indicated that the watershed retained H+, NH4/+, NO3/-, SO4/2- and Cl- and was the primary source of base cations and other weathering products. Proportionally more SO4/2- was deposited with the unusually high summer rainfall in 1992 compared to that released from snowmelt, whereas NO3/- was higher in snowmelt and Cl- was the same. The sum of snowmelt and rainfall could account for greater than 90% of the H+ and NH4/+ retained by the watershed and greater than 50% of the NO3/-.The chemical composition of snowmelt, groundwater, and streamwater was monitored during the spring of 1991 and 1992 in a 200-ha subalpine catchment on the western flank of the Rocky Mountains near Steamboat Springs, Colorado. The major ions in meltwater were differentially eluted from the snowpack, and meltwater was dominated by Ca2+, SO42-, and NO3-. Groundwater and streamwater were dominated by weathering products and their concentrations decreased as snowmelt progressed. Solute concentrations in streamwater also decreased as snowmelt progressed. A mass balance for 1992 showed that the watershed retained H+, NH4+, NO3-, SO42- and Cl- and was the primary source of base cations and other weathering products.","largerWorkTitle":"Water, Air, and Soil Pollution","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the Symposium on Ecosystem Behaviour: Evaluation of Integrated Monitoring in Small Catchments","conferenceDate":"18 September 1993 through 20 September 1993","conferenceLocation":"Prague, Czech Repub","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/BF01100436","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Peters, N., and Leavesley, G., 1995, Biotic and abiotic processes controlling water chemistry during snowmelt at rabbit ears pass, Rocky Mountains, Colorado, U.S.A., in Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, v. 79, no. 1-4, Prague, Czech Repub, 18 September 1993 through 20 September 1993, p. 171-190, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01100436.","startPage":"171","endPage":"190","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205784,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01100436"},{"id":226777,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f1a2e4b0c8380cd4ad5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, N.E.","contributorId":33332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leavesley, G.H.","contributorId":93895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leavesley","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":81543,"text":"81543 - 1995 - Breeding seabirds in California, Oregon and Washington","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":81543,"text":"81543 - 1995 - Breeding seabirds in California, Oregon and Washington","indexId":"81543","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Breeding seabirds in California, Oregon and Washington"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-18T15:33:31","indexId":"81543","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Breeding seabirds in California, Oregon and Washington","docAbstract":"More than two million seabirds of 29 species nest along the west coasts of California, Oregon, and Washington, including three species listed on the federal list of threatened and endangered species: the brown pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis), least tern (Sterna antillarum), and marbled murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus). The size and diversity of the breeding seabird community in this region reflect excellent nearshore prey conditions; subtropical waters within the southern California Bight area; complex tidal waters of Strait of Juan de Fuca and Puget Sound in Washington; large estuaries at San Francisco Bay, Columbia River, and Grays Harbor-Willapa bays; and the variety of nesting habitats used by seabirds throughout the region, including islands, mainland cliffs, old-growth forests, and artificial structures.
Breeding seabird populations along the west coast have declined since European settlement began in the late 1700's because of human occupation of, commercial use of, and introduction of mammalian predators to seabird nesting islands. In the 1900's, further declines occurred in association with rapid human population growth and intensive commercial use of natural resources in the Pacific region. In particular, severe adverse impacts have occurred from partial or complete nesting habitat destruction on islands or the mainland, human disturbance of nesting islands or areas, marine pollution, fisheries, and logging of old-growth forests (Ainley and Lewis 1974; Bartonek and Nettleship 1979; Hunt et al. 1979; Sowls et al. 1980; Nettleship et al. 1984; Speich and Wahl 1989; Ainley and Boekelheide 1990; Sealy 1990; Ainley and Hunt 1991; Carter and Morrison 1992; Carter et al. 1992; Vermeer et al. 1993).
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Biological Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Carter, H., Gilmer, D.S., Takekawa, J.E., Lowe, R.W., and Wilson, U., 1995, Breeding seabirds in California, Oregon and Washington, chap. of Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems, p. 43-49.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"49","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128074,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339879,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.webharvest.gov/peth04/20041019015728/https://biology.usgs.gov/s+t/index.htm","linkHelpText":"Archived website"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon, Washington","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb412","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"LaRoe, Edward T.","contributorId":112276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaRoe","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504240,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farris, Gaye S.","contributorId":84410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farris","given":"Gaye","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":504243,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Puckett, Catherine E. cpuckett@usgs.gov","contributorId":4629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckett","given":"Catherine","email":"cpuckett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":504241,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doran, Peter D.","contributorId":17533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504242,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mac, Michael J.","contributorId":16772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mac","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504239,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Carter, Harry R.","contributorId":79546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Harry R.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":295569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilmer, David S.","contributorId":59508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilmer","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Takekawa, Jean E.","contributorId":146991,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Takekawa","given":"Jean","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":16768,"text":"USFWS, Nisqually NWR, Olympia, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":295571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lowe, Roy W.","contributorId":50847,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lowe","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wilson, Ulrich W.","contributorId":191079,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"Ulrich W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70019089,"text":"70019089 - 1995 - Western frontal fault of the Canyon Range: Is it the breakaway zone of the Sevier Desert detachment?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-21T22:35:48.765039","indexId":"70019089","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Western frontal fault of the Canyon Range: Is it the breakaway zone of the Sevier Desert detachment?","docAbstract":"Geologic evidence developed from surface exposures demonstrates that the western frontal fault of the Canyon Range is a major structure representing the eastern breakaway zone of the Sevier Desert detachment. The western frontal fault of the Canyon Range east of Delta, Utah, is a north-trending, west-dipping, low-angle (18 °–24 ° ) normal fault that juxtaposes syntectonic conglomerates and large-rock avalanches of the Miocene Oak City Formation against footwall rocks that have been ductilely, cataclastically, and brittlely deformed. The Oak City strata dip variably to the east; dips are shallow in eastern outcrops (5 ° –15 ° ), steeper in central outcrops (20 ° –60 ° ), and shallow in the western outcrops (10 ° –20 ° ). In eastern exposures, the shallow dips of the Oak City Formation (5 ° –15 ° ) and the acute angle of 20 ° –35 ° between the western frontal fault and Oak City units limit past rotation of the fault to ≤15 ° . The systematic variation in the dip of Oak City units from east to west suggests that the western frontal fault probably flattens beneath present Oak City outcrops, linking the fault to the shallow reflector seen in the COCORP (Consortium for Continental Reflection Profiling) Utah line 1 seismic line beneath the westernmost outcrops of the Oak City Formation. Upper plate movement is constrained by Oak City clast compositions and rock-avalanche lithologies, fault geometry, and lower plate reconstruction to a maximum of 6–7 km since Oak City syntectonic deposition at ∼12–13 Ma. Maximum upper plate displacement for the entire Sevier Desert detachment cannot be determined from these breakaway-zone exposures.
We examined PCB concentration data for seven species of Lake Michigan fishes to determine what trends were apparent °20 yr after PCB restrictions became effective. Total PCB concentrations in all seven species, lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), brown trout (Salmo trutta), chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), and bloater chub (Coregonus hoyi) declined and appeared to stabilize in the mid-to-late 1980s. Concentrations in two species, chinook and coho salmon, appear to have increased slightly since the late 1980s. All species are currently well below the high PCB levels that existed when PCB use was curtailed in the 1970s. We believe stabilizing concentrations are the result of large pools of PCBs that are being recycled in the environment. Atmospheric and sediment PCB inputs to the lake probably constitute current PCB sources. Increasing concentrations in chinook and coho salmon are likely the result of changing growth dynamics caused by alterations in the mid-trophic levels of the food web. Median stable PCB concentrations estimated in this analysis are below the current FDA action level of 2 mg/kg, but not appreciably below this threshold. Improvements beyond these levels may result if management practices that maximize fish growth rates are implemented. Detection of future improvements in PCB levels may require samples in the range of 1000-2000 fish because of the high variability in PCB concentrations among individuals.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/1942067","usgsCitation":"Stow, C., Carpenter, S.R., Eby, L.A., Amrhein, J.F., and Hesselberg, R.J., 1995, Evidence that PCBs are approaching stable concentrations in Lake Michigan fishes: Ecological Applications, v. 5, no. 1, p. 248-260, https://doi.org/10.2307/1942067.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"248","endPage":"260","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133497,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f96ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stow, Craig A.","contributorId":49733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stow","given":"Craig A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carpenter, Stephen R.","contributorId":89477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eby, Lisa A.","contributorId":42910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eby","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Amrhein, James F.","contributorId":19124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amrhein","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hesselberg, Robert J.","contributorId":36074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hesselberg","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1000808,"text":"1000808 - 1995 - Wetland and aquatic macrophytes as indicators of anthropogenic hydrologic disturbance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-18T14:12:29.9257","indexId":"1000808","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2821,"text":"Natural Areas Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wetland and aquatic macrophytes as indicators of anthropogenic hydrologic disturbance","docAbstract":"Hydrologic disturbance can affect wetland and aquatic macrophyte communities by creating temporal changes in soil moisture or water depth. Such disturbances are natural and help maintain wetland diversity; however, anthropogenic changes in wetland hydrology may have negative effects on wetlands. Since plant communities respond to habitat alterations, observations of plant-community changes may be used to recognize effects of hydrologic disturbances that are otherwise not well understood. A number of plants, including Typha angustifolia (narrow-leaf cattail) and Lythrum salicaria (purple loosestrife), are recognized as disturbance species; they are often found in roadside ditches, in wetlands that have been partially drained, or in low areas that have been flooded. Other species commonly occur on mudflats exposed by lowering of water levels. In addition, wetland shrubs and trees invade or die as a result of draining or flooding. In more subtle terms, the relative composition of plant communities can change without the addition or loss of species, and zonation patterns may develop or change as a result of altered hydrology. Remote sensing (photointerpretation) and field vegetation studies, coupled with monitoring of water levels, are recommended for gaining an understanding of hydrologic disturbances in wetlands.","language":"English","publisher":"Natural Areas Association","usgsCitation":"Wilcox, D.A., 1995, Wetland and aquatic macrophytes as indicators of anthropogenic hydrologic disturbance: Natural Areas Journal, v. 15, no. 3, p. 240-248.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"240","endPage":"248","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133506,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403891,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/43911524"}],"volume":"15","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dfe4b07f02db5e3cd0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilcox, Douglas A.","contributorId":36880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcox","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70018885,"text":"70018885 - 1995 - Spatial variation in background groundwater geochemistry of the Gurinai Wetland, Gobi Desert, Inner Mongolia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:14","indexId":"70018885","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2767,"text":"Models for assessing and monitoring groundwater quality. Proc. symposium, Boulder, 1995","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial variation in background groundwater geochemistry of the Gurinai Wetland, Gobi Desert, Inner Mongolia","docAbstract":"Age dating of groundwater from several hand-dug wells in the Gurinai Wetland of the Badajilin-Gobi Desert, north-central China, indicated a continuum from present to 7625??155 years B.P. Water age correlates with concentration for some constituents. In general, concentrations of Fe, Cr, Se and Sr increase with increasing age, whereas Ca, Br, Zn and Rb decrease. Compared to concentration ranges reported for freshwaters, several constituents were much more concentrated including Na, Cl, Mg, Br and Th, and many others extended the upper concentration limit including Sr, Mo, Rb, Cr, U, Se, Nb and Ce. For Th, the maximum observed concentration extends the previously summarized maximum by more than an order of magnitude.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Models for assessing and monitoring groundwater quality. Proc. symposium, Boulder, 1995","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Gu, W., and Peters, N., 1995, Spatial variation in background groundwater geochemistry of the Gurinai Wetland, Gobi Desert, Inner Mongolia: Models for assessing and monitoring groundwater quality. Proc. symposium, Boulder, 1995, v. 227, p. 85-90.","startPage":"85","endPage":"90","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226617,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"227","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94b8e4b08c986b31ac0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gu, Weizu","contributorId":22633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gu","given":"Weizu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peters, N.E.","contributorId":33332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70043738,"text":"70043738 - 1995 - Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-23T11:11:14","indexId":"70043738","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":378,"text":"Publications of the US Geological Survey","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1995","docAbstract":"This catalog is a list of (1) books and maps1 that were published during 1995 and (2) articles by U.S. Geological Survey personnel in non-U.S. Geological Survey journals and books that came to our attention in 1995; it supplements the permanent catalogs \"Publications of the Geological Survey, 1879-1961,\" \"Publications of the Geological Survey, 1962-1970,\" and \"Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1971 through '1981.\"","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/70043738","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1995, Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1995: Publications of the US Geological Survey, v, 489 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70043738.","productDescription":"v, 489 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267726,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70043738/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":272686,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70043738/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5124ad6ae4b0b6328103b51f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1012894,"text":"1012894 - 1995 - Caribou calf mortality in Denali National Park, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-04T10:51:12","indexId":"1012894","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Caribou calf mortality in Denali National Park, Alaska","docAbstract":"Calf mortality is a major component of caribou (Rangifer tarandus) population dynamics, but little is known about the timing or causes of calf losses, or of characteristics that predispose calves to mortality. During 1984-87, we radiocollared 226 calves (≤3 days old) in the Denali Caribou Herd (DCH), an unhunted population utilized by a natural complement of predators, to determine the extent, timing, and causes of calf mortality and to evaluate influences of year, sex, birthdate, and birth mass on those losses. Overall, 39% of radio-collared calves died as neonates (≤15 days old), and 98% of those deaths were attributed to predation. Most neonatal deaths (85%) occurred within 8 days of birth. Few deaths occurred after the neonatal period (5, 10, and 0% of calves instrumented died during 16-30, 31-150, and >150 days of age, respectively). Survival of neonates was lower (P = 0.038) in 1985, following a severe winter, than during the other 3 years. In years other than 1985, calves born during the peak of calving (approx 50% of the total, born 5-8 days after calving onset) experienced higher (P < 0.001) neonatal survival than did other calves. Grizzly bears (Ursus arctos), wolves (Canis lupus), and unknown large predators (i.e., grizzly bears or wolves) accounted for 49, 29, and 16% of the neonatal deaths, respectively. The rate of bear-caused mortalities declined (P < 0.001) with calf age, and bears killed few calves >10 days old. Wolf predation was not related (P > 0.05) to calf age and peaked 10 days after onset of calving. Grizzly bear and wolf predation on neonates during the calving season was a limiting factor for the Denali Caribou Herd.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3802467","usgsCitation":"Adams, L., Singer, F.J., and Dale, B.W., 1995, Caribou calf mortality in Denali National Park, Alaska: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 59, no. 3, p. 584-594, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802467.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"584","endPage":"594","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128468,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e5675","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, Layne G. 0000-0001-6212-2896 ladams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6212-2896","contributorId":2776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Layne G.","email":"ladams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":318426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Singer, Francis J.","contributorId":67026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"Francis","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dale, Bruce W.","contributorId":6769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dale","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1008431,"text":"1008431 - 1995 - Identification of sex in hatchling loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) by analysis of steroid concentrations in chorioallantoic/amniotic fluid","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-27T21:34:44.962601","indexId":"1008431","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1738,"text":"General and Comparative Endocrinology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identification of sex in hatchling loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) by analysis of steroid concentrations in chorioallantoic/amniotic fluid","docAbstract":"A major difficulty in sea turtle conservation is the inability to nonlethally and noninvasively identify the sex of hatchling sea turtles. Traditional sexing techniques such as plasma sex steroid quantification cannot be applied to hatchlings without sacrificing the hatchlings or utilizing invasive procedures. This paper presents a technique for sexing hatchling sea turtles by analysis of sex steroid concentrations in egg chorioallantoic/amniotic fluid (CAF). Metabolites of estradiol-17β (E) and testosterone (T) in CAF are best expressed as an index or E:T ratio. Chorioallantoic/amniotic fluid E:T ratios for males (0.5 ± 0.1) were significantly lower than those for females (2.2 ± 0.3). When separated by utilizing an E:T ratio of 1.25 as the determinant index value, 27 of 28 hatchlings were designated correctly as males (E:T < 1.25) or females (E:T ⩾ 1.25). Sex was verified for all hatchlings by gonadal histology. This study shows significant concentrations of T and E metabolites in CAF and plasma of hatchling loggerhead turtles and illustrates the use of a nonlethal, noninvasive method for determining sex, which could be potentially utilized for other endangered reptile and avian species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/gcen.1995.1103","usgsCitation":"Gross, T., Crain, D., Bjorndal, K., Bolten, A., and Carthy, R., 1995, Identification of sex in hatchling loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) by analysis of steroid concentrations in chorioallantoic/amniotic fluid: General and Comparative Endocrinology, v. 99, no. 2, p. 204-210, https://doi.org/10.1006/gcen.1995.1103.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"204","endPage":"210","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131769,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida, North 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S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crain, D.A.","contributorId":59400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crain","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bjorndal, K.A.","contributorId":61381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bjorndal","given":"K.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bolten, A.B.","contributorId":15150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bolten","given":"A.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Carthy, R.","contributorId":80621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carthy","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70018930,"text":"70018930 - 1995 - Magmatic evolution of the Easter microplate-Crough Seamount region (South East Pacific)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:14","indexId":"70018930","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2668,"text":"Marine Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magmatic evolution of the Easter microplate-Crough Seamount region (South East Pacific)","docAbstract":"The Easter microplate-Crough Seamount region located between 25?? S-116?? W and 25?? S-122?? W consists of a chain of seamounts forming isolated volcanoes and elongated (100-200 km in length) en echelon volcanic ridges oriented obliquely NE (N 065??), to the present day general spreading direction (N 100??) of the Pacific-Nazca plates. The extension of this seamount chain into the southwestern edge of the Easter microplate near 26??30??? S-115?? W was surveyed and sampled. The southern boundary including the Orongo fracture zone and other shallow ridges (< 2000 m high) bounding the Southwest Rift of the microplate consists of fault scarps where pillow lava, dolerite, and metabasalts are exposed. The degree of rock alternation inferred from palagonitization of glassy margins suggests that the volcanic ridges are as old as the shallow ridges bounding the Southwest Rift of the microplate. The volcanics found on the various structures west of the microplate consist of depleted (K/Ti < 0.1), transitional (K/Ti = 0.11-0.25) and enriched (K/Ti > 0.25) MORBs which are similar in composition to other more recent basalts from the Southwest and East Rifts spreading axes of the Easter microplate. Incompatible element ratios normalized to chondrite values [(Ce/Yb)N = 1-2.5}, {(La/Sm)N = 0.4-1.2} and {(Zr/Y)N = 0.7-2.5} of the basalts are also similar to present day volcanism found in the Easter microplate. The volcanics from the Easter microplate-Crough region are unrelated to other known South Pacific intraplate magmatism (i.e. Society, Pitcairn, and Salas y Gomez Islands). Instead their range in incompatible element ratios is comparable to the submarine basalts from the recently investigated Ahu and Umu volcanic field (Easter hotspot) (Scientific Party SO80, 1993) and centered at about 80 km west of Easter Island. The oblique ridges and their associated seamounts are likely to represent ancient leaky transform faults created during the initial stage of the Easter microplate formation (??? 5 Ma). It appears that volcanic activity on seamounts overlying the oblique volcanic ridges has continued during their westward drift from the microplate as shown by the presence of relatively fresh lava observed on one of these structures, namely the first Oblique Volcanic Ridge near 25?? S-118?? W at about 160 km west of the Easter microplate West Rift. Based on a reconstruction of the Easter microplate, it is suggested that the Crough seamount (< 800 m depth) was formed by earlier (7-10 Ma) hotspot magmatic activity which also created Easter Island. ?? 1995 Kluwer Academic Publishers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geophysical Researches","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF01227041","issn":"00253235","usgsCitation":"Hekinian, R., Stoffers, P., Akermand, D., Binard, N., Francheteau, J., Devey, C., and Garbe-Schonberg, D., 1995, Magmatic evolution of the Easter microplate-Crough Seamount region (South East Pacific): Marine Geophysical Research, v. 17, no. 4, p. 375-397, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01227041.","startPage":"375","endPage":"397","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205752,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01227041"},{"id":226570,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4b44e4b0c8380cd693f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hekinian, R.","contributorId":44273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hekinian","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stoffers, P.","contributorId":81634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoffers","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Akermand, D.","contributorId":40861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Akermand","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Binard, N.","contributorId":87817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Binard","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Francheteau, Jean","contributorId":34262,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Francheteau","given":"Jean","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Devey, C.","contributorId":94549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Devey","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Garbe-Schonberg, D.","contributorId":95332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garbe-Schonberg","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70043736,"text":"70043736 - 1995 - Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-23T10:14:44","indexId":"70043736","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":378,"text":"Publications of the US Geological Survey","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1994","docAbstract":"This catalog is a list of (1) books and maps that were published during 1994 and (2) articles by U.S. Geological Survey personnel in non-U.S. Geological Survey journals and books that came to our attention in 1994; it supplements the permanent catalogs \"Publications of the Geological Survey, 1879-1961,\"\"Publications of the Geological Survey, 1962-1970,\" and \"Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1971 through 1981.\"","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/70043736","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1995, Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1994: Publications of the US Geological Survey, v, 427 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70043736.","productDescription":"v, 427 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267722,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70043736/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":272676,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70043736/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5124ad69e4b0b6328103b51b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1008424,"text":"1008424 - 1995 - The ecology of a sandhills population of the eastern narrow-mouthed toad, Gastrophryne carolinensis, during a drought","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:38","indexId":"1008424","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1124,"text":"Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The ecology of a sandhills population of the eastern narrow-mouthed toad, Gastrophryne carolinensis, during a drought","docAbstract":"Abstract not supplied at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Dodd, C., 1995, The ecology of a sandhills population of the eastern narrow-mouthed toad, Gastrophryne carolinensis, during a drought: Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History, v. 38, p. 11-41.","productDescription":"p. 11-41","startPage":"11","endPage":"41","numberOfPages":"31","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132729,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db668236","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dodd, C.K. Jr.","contributorId":86286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodd","given":"C.K.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1001757,"text":"1001757 - 1995 - Double-crested cormorants along the Upper Mississippi River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-18T14:40:19.333377","indexId":"1001757","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1272,"text":"Colonial Waterbirds","printIssn":"07386028","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Double-crested cormorants along the Upper Mississippi River","docAbstract":"The Upper Mississippi River is an important habitat corridor for migratory birds and other wildlife, and it supports an important commercial and sport fishery. A study was initiated by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in 1991 to describe Double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) distribution and abundance on the Upper Mississippi River throughout the year to better understand the possible impacts of cormorants on fish resources and populations of other piscivorous birds. Double-crested Cormorants were common breeders and abundant during migration on the Upper Mississippi River during the 1940s. Numbers of cormorants declined in the 1960s and 1970s along the Upper Mississippi River as they did in other parts of the United States. In 1992, 418 cormorant pairs were estimated to have nested in four colonies on the Upper Mississippi River, and less than 7,000 cormorants were estimated to have migrated along the river during the fall and spring of 1991 and 1992. Recent public concern for fish resources has grown with a perceived growth of the local cormorant population. Migrating cormorants collected on the Upper Mississippi River took Gizzard Shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) primarily, but chicks were fed a wide variety of fish species.
Widespread middle to late Eocene calc-alkalic volcanism, which formed the Northeast Nevada Volcanic Field, marks the earliest Tertiary volcanism in the northern Basin and Range. The central part of this major field in northeast Nevada and adjacent Utah is herein defined by 23 40Ar/39Ar ages that range from 42.6 to 39.0 Ma, rock chemistry from 12 localities, stratigraphic position of the volcanic rocks above a regional middle Eocene unconformity, volcanic setting, and lithology. The type area is at Nanny Creek, in the northern Pequop Mountains, Nevada, where rhyolite ash flow tuffs are overlain by a thick section of intercalated andesitic to dacitic flows and flow breccias and rhyolite ash flow tuffs. The intermediate composition rocks are locally derived throughout the volcanic field, whereas the sources for rhyolite ash flow tuffs are unknown. The uniform and widespread occurrence of the andesitic and dacitic flows and flow breccias strongly suggests that the upper crust was perforated by intermediate composition magma across the entire region. In the central part of the field the middle Eocene volcanic rocks rest with depositional angular discordance on deformed middle Paleozoic to Triassic strata; ostracode-bearing limestone, probably of early Eocene age, is locally present below the volcanic rocks. In the western and southeastern parts of the field these middle Eocene volcanic rocks rest with depositional angular discordance on lower Eocene lacustrine strata of the Elko and White Sage Formations, respectively. This angular discordance documents a middle Eocene deformational event previously unrecognized in the region.
Two continuous cores that penetrated the Lower Pennsylvanian Little Fire Creek coal bed in the Southwestern coal field in southwestern Virginia were sampled and X-ray radiographed to determine subunit distinctions. Comparison of petrographic, palynologic, and paleobotanic data from the same sample sets from the two cores allowed for comparison of compositional data within the Little Fire Creek coal bed. The proximate, petrographic, palynologic, and plant tissue data from two sets of samples indicate a high ash, gelocollinite- and liptinite-rich coal consisting of a relatively diverse paleoflora, including lycopsid trees, small lycopsids, tree ferns, small ferns, pteridosperms (seed ferns), and rare calamites and cordaites. The relatively very high ash yields (3–80 wt%), the relatively thin subunits (1–28 cm), and the large scale vertical variations in palynomorph floras suggest that the study area was at the edge of the paleopea-forming environment. As a result, most of the compositional correspondences are among those components indicative of degradation or decomposition.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0146-6380(95)90008-X","usgsCitation":"Pierce, B., Eble, C.F., and Stanton, R., 1995, Comparison of the petrography, palynology, and paleobotany of the Little Fire Creek coal bed, southwestern Virginia, U.S.A.: Organic Geochemistry, v. 22, no. 1, p. 51-71, https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(95)90008-X.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"71","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226715,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","county":"Lee County, Scott County","otherGeospatial":"southwestern 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Brenda","contributorId":29940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"Brenda","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eble, Cortland F.","contributorId":255518,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eble","given":"Cortland","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":51568,"text":"Kentucky Geological Survey, U. of Kentucky","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":381149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stanton, R.W.","contributorId":19164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70186250,"text":"70186250 - 1995 - A remote sensing based vegetation classification logic for global land cover analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T11:25:34","indexId":"70186250","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A remote sensing based vegetation classification logic for global land cover analysis","docAbstract":"This article proposes a simple new logic for classifying global vegetation. The critical features of this classification are that 1) it is based on simple, observable, unambiguous characteristics of vegetation structure that are important to ecosystem biogeochemistry and can be measured in the field for validation, 2) the structural characteristics are remotely sensible so that repeatable and efficient global reclassifications of existing vegetation will be possible, and 3) the defined vegetation classes directly translate into the biophysical parameters of interest by global climate and biogeochemical models. A first test of this logic for the continental United States is presented based on an existing 1 km AVHRR normalized difference vegetation index database. Procedures for solving critical remote sensing problems needed to implement the classification are discussed. Also, some inferences from this classification to advanced vegetation biophysical variables such as specific leaf area and photosynthetic capacity useful to global biogeochemical modeling are suggested.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0034-4257(94)00063-S","usgsCitation":"Running, S.W., Loveland, T.R., Pierce, L.L., Nemani, R., and Hunt, E.R., 1995, A remote sensing based vegetation classification logic for global land cover analysis: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 51, no. 1, p. 39-48, https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-4257(94)00063-S.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"48","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339019,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e35f8fe4b09da67997ece2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Running, Steven W. 0000-0001-6906-3841","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6906-3841","contributorId":53258,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Running","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":7089,"text":"University of Montana, Missoula, MT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":688006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646 loveland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":140256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas","email":"loveland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":688007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pierce, Lars L.","contributorId":190275,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pierce","given":"Lars","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nemani, R.R.","contributorId":51133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nemani","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hunt, E. 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Smolts from that study were subjected to standardized fish health and condition evaluation procedures 2 weeks before the conclusion of hatchery rearing and release of the fish for migration to the Pacific Ocean. The results suggested that the general health of the smolts in the progeny group from parents that had low R. salmoninarum infection levels or tested negative for R. salmoninarum (low-BKD group) was better than that of the smolts in the progeny group from female parents with high R. salmoninarum infection levels (high-BKD group). Testing by the ELISA showed that the overall severity of R. salmoninarum infection also was lower in the smolts from the low-BKD group. Subgroups of smolts from the study were acclimated to tanks of seawater for extended holding. After a 22-day acclimation period and 98 days in full-strength (29 ppt salinity) seawater, total mortality was 12% in the low-BKD group and 44% in the high-BKD group. All of the mortality in the low-BKD group and 85% of the mortality in the high-BKD group occurred after the fish were transferred to full-strength seawater. Testing of kidney tissues from all dead fish by the FAT revealed that 85% of the fish that died in the high-BKD group had high R. salmoninarum numbers, indicating that BKD was the cause of death. In contrast, none of the fish that died in the low-BKD group had detectable numbers of R. salmoninarum. We concluded that brood stock segregation by use of the ELISA and the FAT can affect mortality and the R. salmoninarum status of progeny chinook salmon for as long as 21 months after hatching, even after the fish have been transferred to seawater.
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This information has many potential uses: it can document successful management efforts so resource managers will know what has worked well; it can identify problems so managers can take early action to restore the resource in the most cost-efficient manner; and it can be used to highlight areas where additional research is needed, such as to determine why certain ecological changes are occurring. This report will also be useful to teachers, students, journalists, and citizens in general who are interested in national resource issues.
Another purpose of this report is to help identify gaps in existing resource inventory and monitoring programs. It contains information collected by a variety of existing research and monitoring efforts by scientists in the National Biological Service, other federal and state agencies, academia, and the private sector. The programs that produced the information in this document were not developed in a coordinated fashion to produce an integrated, comprehensive picture of the status and trends of our nation’s resources; rather, each was developed for its own particular purpose, usually to help manage a specific resource. Thus, even though articles vary greatly in scope, design, and purpose, this report has identified and attempted to combine many of the existing information sources into a broad picture of the condition of our resources. In the future, these sources will be complemented by additional information from other sources - such as state agencies and other inventory and monitoring studies - to fill in the gaps of knowledge and to provide a more complete understanding of the status of our living resources.
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States\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"555f01cee4b0a92fa7eb96a9","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"LaRoe, Edward T.","contributorId":112276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaRoe","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547424,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farris, Gaye S.","contributorId":84410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farris","given":"Gaye","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547425,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Puckett, Catherine E. cpuckett@usgs.gov","contributorId":4629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckett","given":"Catherine","email":"cpuckett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":547426,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doran, Peter D.","contributorId":17533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547427,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mac, Michael J.","contributorId":16772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mac","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547428,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70018897,"text":"70018897 - 1995 - Principal component analysis of interseismic deformation in southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-25T12:13:04.386433","indexId":"70018897","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Principal component analysis of interseismic deformation in southern California","docAbstract":"Eight trilateration networks along the San Andreas fault in southern California have been surveyed repeatedly (8 to 19 times) within an approximately 15-year interval between 1971 and 1992. The data for each network were analyzed by principal component analysis to represent the observed changes in line length as a superposition of individual modes: Lij - Li = ∑k Aik Ck (tj), where Lij is the length of the ith line measured at the time tj, Li is the average length of the ith line, and AikCk(tj) is the kth mode. Each mode is described by a common time function Ck(tj) that is evaluated only at the times tj of the surveys, and the participation of each line in that mode is described by a constant amplitude Aik for that line. For all networks the deformation is largely described by the first mode, and the first-mode time function is essentially linear in time. That is, the deformation in each of the networks appears to be steady. Two anomalies in the accumulation of deformation were observed: In the network near Palmdale a transient strain event occurred in the second mode in early 1982, and in the network within Cajon Pass, fluctuations in the accumulation of deformation somewhat greater than would be attributed to measurement error were found. Although both anomalies are formally significant given the estimated measurement error, I am not confident that either anomaly is real. The principal conclusion is that the accumulation of interseismic deformation in the southern California trilateration networks is steady within the precision of measurement.
Destructive debris flows occur frequently at glacierized Mount Rainier volcano, Washington, U.S.A. Twenty-three such flows have occurred in the Tahoma Creek valley since 1967. Hydrologic and geomorphic evidence indicate that all or nearly all of these flows began as outburst floods from South Tahoma Glacier. Flood waters are stored subglacially. The volume of stored water discharged during a typical outburst flood would form a layer several centimeters thick over the bed of the entire glacier, although it is more likely that large linked cavities account for most of the storage. Statistical analysis shows that outburst floods usually occur during periods of atypically hot or rainy weather in summer or early autumn, and that the probability of an outburst increases with temperature (a proxy measure of ablation rate) or rainfall rate. We suggest than outburst floods are triggered by rapid water input to the glacier bed. causing water-pressure transients that destabilize the linked-cavity) system, The correlation between outburst Hoods and meteorological factors casts doubt on an earlier hypothesis that melting around geothermal vents triggers outburst floods from South Tahoma Glacier.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.90.5.999","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Plumlee, G., Goldhaber, M., and Rowan, E., 1995, The potential role of magmatic gases in the genesis of Illinois- Kentucky fluorspar deposits: Implications from chemical reaction path modeling: Economic Geology, v. 90, no. 5, p. 999-1011, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.90.5.999.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"999","endPage":"1011","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226759,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1995-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baebae4b08c986b3242cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plumlee, G.S.","contributorId":80698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumlee","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldhaber, M. B. 0000-0002-1785-4243","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1785-4243","contributorId":103280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldhaber","given":"M. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rowan, E. L. 0000-0001-5753-6189","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5753-6189","contributorId":34921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowan","given":"E. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70164318,"text":"70164318 - 1995 - Caranigidae","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-01T10:40:09","indexId":"70164318","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Caranigidae","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Guia FAO para la indetificacion de especies para los Pacifico centro-oriental","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"Spanish","publisher":"Food and Agriculture Organization","usgsCitation":"Smith-Vaniz, W.F., 1995, Caranigidae, chap. of Guia FAO para la indetificacion de especies para los Pacifico centro-oriental, v. II, p. 940-986.","productDescription":"47 p.","startPage":"940","endPage":"986","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":316370,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"II","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b08fc0e4b010e2af2a5d36","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Fischer, W. F.","contributorId":112749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"W. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":596997,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krupp, F.","contributorId":111495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krupp","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":596998,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schneider, W.","contributorId":113347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":596999,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sommer, C.","contributorId":112317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sommer","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597000,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Carpenter, K.E.","contributorId":28076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597001,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nien, V.H.","contributorId":112274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nien","given":"V.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597002,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":6}],"authors":[{"text":"Smith-Vaniz, William F.","contributorId":152526,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith-Vaniz","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":596996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70164317,"text":"70164317 - 1995 - Reproduction and early-age survival of manatees at Blue Spring, Upper St. Johns River, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-01T10:33:09","indexId":"70164317","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":37,"text":"Information and Technology Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"title":"Reproduction and early-age survival of manatees at Blue Spring, Upper St. Johns River, Florida","docAbstract":"We summarize reproduction of adults and survival of calves and subadult Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) that were identified in winter at Blue Spring on the upper St. Johns River in Florida. Some records span more than 20 years, but most are from 15-year continuous annual observations during winter 1978-79 through winter 1992-93. Fifty-seven, first-year calves were identified; 55 litter sizes were one, and one consisted oftwins (1.79% of all births). Sex ratios of first-year calves did notsignificantly differfrom 1:1. Based on 21 of35 sighted females (15 individuals) that appeared pregnant and returned with calves during the subsequent winter, we estimated an early (neonatal to about 6 months) calf survival of 0.600. Based on estimations with a minimum-number-known-alive method, calf survival from the first to the second winter was at least 0.822, and subadult survival was 0.903 to the third, 0.958 to the fourth, 1.00 to the fifth, and 1.00 to the sixth winters. Seven females were observed from year of birth to their first winter with a nursing calf; the mean age at parturition to the first calf that survived to the next winter was 5.4 + 0.98 (SD) years. The estimated ages at first conception ranged from 3 to 6 years. The proportion of adult pregnant females was 0.410/year. Weaning was not observed in winter. Intervals between births averaged 2.60 + 0.81 years. The pooled proportion of adult females nursing first-winter calves was 0.303; the proportion of adult females nursing calves of any age was 0.407. These values do not significantly differ from those ofmanatees from the Crystal River or Atlantic Coast study areas. Anecdotal accounts are provided that suggested the existence of a pseudo estrus, an 11 to 13-month gestation, suppression of parturition in winter, and giving birth in quiet backwaters and canals. A female from Blue Spring produced at least seven calves during the 22 years since first observed and died giving birth at an estimated age of 29 years.
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