The Prairie Bluff Chalk of Alabama and Mississippi yields a diverse ammonite fauna of Maastrichtian age. Twenty-eight species, of which three are new, are recorded herein: Pseudophyllites indra (Forbes, 1846), Hauericeras rembda (Forbes, 1846), Pachydiscus (Pachydiscus) maconensis n. sp., P. (P.) cf. gollevillensis (d'Orbigny, 1850), P. (P.) jacquoti (Seunes, 1890), P. (P.) egertoni (Forbes, 1846), Sphenodiscus lobatus (Tuomey, 1854), S. pleurisepta (Conrad, 1857), Coahuilites sheltoni Böse, 1928, Nostoceras (Nostoceras) alternatum (Tuomey, 1854), N. (N.) mendryki Cobban, 1974a, N. (N.) magdadiae Lefeld and Uberna, 1991, N. (N.) irregulare n. sp., Glyptoxoceras torquatum (Morton, 1834), Glyptoxoceras sp. A, Glyptoxoceras? sp., Baculites lomaensis Anderson, 1958, Baculites spp. A–C, Eubaculites labyrinthicus (Morton, 1834), E. carinatus (Morton, 1834), Baculites? trabeatus (Morton, 1834), Trachybaculites columna (Morton, 1834), Discoscaphites conradi (Morton, 1834), D. gulosus (Morton, 1834), Jeletzkytes criptonodosus Riccardi, 1983, Trachyscaphites alabamensis n. sp., and T. yorkensis (Stephenson, 1941). One genus, Trachybaculites, is new. The bulk of the fauna can be referred to a Discoscaphites conradi assemblage zone, but some elements in the fauna are significantly older.
No abstract available.
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44.868357046170445\n ],\n [\n -93.05453438059713,\n 45.0118859350988\n ],\n [\n -93.20362913189057,\n 45.205500983878295\n ],\n [\n -93.99681320877183,\n 45.532303838113705\n ],\n [\n -94.21747344068616,\n 46.34928593501061\n ],\n [\n -94.43480819696121,\n 46.33637096674585\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5b5ee4b0c8380cd6f50e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, Howard E. hetaylor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Howard","email":"hetaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":380763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70018787,"text":"70018787 - 1995 - Prediction of areas where irrigation drainage may induce selenium contamination of water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-29T12:30:20.02735","indexId":"70018787","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prediction of areas where irrigation drainage may induce selenium contamination of water","docAbstract":"The U.S. Department of the Interior has investigated 25 areas in the western USA to determine whether irrigation drainage has caused harmful effects on wildlife or has reduced subsequent beneficial uses of the water. A database of chemical analyses of water, sediment, and biota from the 25 areas was created and supplemented with geologic, climatologic, and hydrologic data. The data were evaluated to identify common features among study areas and principal factors that result in Se contamination of water in lakes, ponds, and streams downgradient of irrigated areas. From the analysis of data, a decision tree that uses readily available geologic, climatologic, and hydrologic data was derived for use by resource managers as a screening tool to predict the likelihood that irrigation drainage will result in Se contamination in areas of the western USA. Irrigation in areas that are not associated with marine sedimentary rocks of late Cretaceous age is unlikely to cause Se contamination. Irrigation in very arid areas that are associated with these Cretaceous sediments is almost certain to cause Se contamination if the irrigation water drains to terminal lakes and ponds. The likelihood that an area will be contaminated with Se because of irrigation drainage can change, particularly with changes in precipitation. During normal or wet periods, Se contamination may not occur in an area, even though it has seleniferous soils, but reduced water deliveries during a drought in such an area may result in Se contamination.
The Laramide San Manuel-Kalamazoo porphyry system of Arizona has been pivotal in concepts of both extensional tectonics and alteration-mineralization zoning. This paper reexamines the tilting history in light of new work in the region and reinterprets the geometry of the deposit. The porphyry mineralization occurs in and near an intrusion of Laramide San Manuel porphyry in Precambrian Oracle Granite. The area has an extremely complicated history of Tertiary crustal extension and fanglomerate deposition, but the blocks containing the two main fragments of the original orebody (separated by the San Manuel fault) were involved in only the later parts of this history and are less tilted than other nearby blocks. Originally horizontal features of mid-Tertiary age are tilted about 30 degrees , those of Laramide age about 35 degrees , and those of pre-Laramide age about 45 degrees to the northeast. Paleomagnetism of the porphyry intrusion itself suggests tilting of about 33 degrees . The data thus suggest that postemplacement tilt of the Laramide porphyry system was 30 degrees to 35 degrees and that virtually all of it was mid-Tertiary in age. An earlier interpretation of greater tilt magnitude was apparently based in part on correlation with adjacent areas showing greater tilt magnitude (as in the Tar Wash allochthon) and in part on a choice of cross section that gives the impression of a nearly recumbent attitude. However, Lowell's sections are oriented along the strike of both the orebodies and the productive porphyry intrusion, which are dipping tablo-cylindroidal bodies. Ore forms a hollow envelope whose inner margin has an aspect ratio of about >4.3 (length)/>2.5 (downdip height)/l (limb separation). The productive intrusion, around which ore is wrapped, has a similar aspect ratio in the same plane (strike N 58 degrees E, dip 47 degrees SE). Reconstruction of the original attitudes of intrusion and ore yields a common strike near N 75' E and a steep dip to the south. This is a common attitude for undisturbed productive porphyry dikes of Laramide age.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.90.1.67","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Force, E.R., Dickinson, W., and Hagstrum, J., 1995, Tilting history of the San Manuel-Kalamazoo porphyry system, southeastern Arizona: Economic Geology, v. 90, no. 1, p. 67-80, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.90.1.67.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"80","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227579,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Black Hills, San Manuel Mining District","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.74573982332099,\n 32.725197673980745\n ],\n [\n -110.74573982332099,\n 32.67245942192733\n ],\n [\n -110.6724276331242,\n 32.67245942192733\n ],\n [\n -110.6724276331242,\n 32.725197673980745\n ],\n [\n -110.74573982332099,\n 32.725197673980745\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"90","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1995-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb38de4b08c986b325e6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Force, E. R.","contributorId":28235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Force","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dickinson, W.R.","contributorId":64801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickinson","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hagstrum, J.T.","contributorId":75922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagstrum","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018740,"text":"70018740 - 1995 - Fate of microbial metabolites of hydrocarbons in a coastal plain aquifer: The role of electron acceptors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T07:31:59","indexId":"70018740","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fate of microbial metabolites of hydrocarbons in a coastal plain aquifer: The role of electron acceptors","docAbstract":"A combined field and laboratory study was undertaken to understand the distribution and geochemical conditions that influence the prevalence of low molecular weight organic acids in groundwater of a shallow aquifer contaminated with gasoline. Aromatic hydrocarbons from gasoline were degraded by microbially mediated oxidation-reduction reactions, including reduction of nitrate, sulfate, and Fe(III). The biogeochemical reactions changed overtime in response to changes in the hydrogeochemical conditions in the aquifer. Aliphatic and aromatic organic acids were associated with hydrocarbon degradation in anoxic zones of the aquifer. Laboratory microcosms demonstrated that the biogeochemical fate of specific organic acids observed in groundwater varied with the structure of the acid and the availability of electron acceptors. Benzoic and phenylacetic acid were degraded by indigenous aquifer microorganisms when nitrate was supplied as an electron acceptor. Aromatic acids with two or more methyl substituants on the benzene ring persisted under nitrate-reducing conditions. Although iron reduction and sulfate reduction were important processes in situ and occurred in the microcosms, these reactions were not coupled to the biological oxidation of aromatic organic acids that were added to the microcosms as electron donors.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es00002a023","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Cozzarelli, I., Herman, J., and Baedecker, M.J., 1995, Fate of microbial metabolites of hydrocarbons in a coastal plain aquifer: The role of electron acceptors: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 29, no. 2, p. 458-469, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00002a023.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"458","endPage":"469","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227534,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f11e4b0c8380cd5374b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cozzarelli, I.M. 0000-0002-5123-1007","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":22343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"I.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herman, J.S.","contributorId":73345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herman","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baedecker, M. Jo","contributorId":9920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baedecker","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018736,"text":"70018736 - 1995 - Determination of elemental content off rocks by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-08T17:34:43.732196","indexId":"70018736","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of elemental content off rocks by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"A new method of analysis for rocks and soils is presented using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. It is based on a lithium borate fusion and the free-running mode of a Nd/YAG laser. An Ar/N2 sample gas improves sensitivity 7 ?? for most elements. Sixty-three elements are characterized for the fusion, and 49 elements can be quantified. Internal standards and isotopic spikes ensure accurate results. Limits of detection are 0.01 ??g/g for many trace elements. Accuracy approaches 5% for all elements. A new quality assurance procedure is presented that uses fundamental parameters to test relative response factors for the calibration.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/ac00110a024","usgsCitation":"Lichte, F., 1995, Determination of elemental content off rocks by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: Analytical Chemistry, v. 67, no. 14, p. 2479-2485, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00110a024.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2479","endPage":"2485","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227490,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffa3e4b0c8380cd4f2d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lichte, F.E.","contributorId":99108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lichte","given":"F.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70018735,"text":"70018735 - 1995 - Rainfall thresholds for the initiation of debris flows at La Honda, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-17T15:25:36.166327","indexId":"70018735","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1574,"text":"Environmental & Engineering Geoscience","printIssn":"1078-7275","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rainfall thresholds for the initiation of debris flows at La Honda, California","docAbstract":"In order to study the relation between heavy rainfall, shallow pore pressures, and slope stability in hillslopes susceptible to debris flows, we have been observing debris flows and measuring rainfall and hillslope pore pressures in a 10-km2 study area in the central Santa Cruz Mountains near La Honda, California. A simple numerical model, based on the physical analogy of a leaky barrel, can simulate significant features of the interaction between rainfall and shallow-hillslope pore pressures. In the model, the barrel is filled at a rate equal to the rainfall intensity and drained at a rate equal to the product of the water level retained in the barrel, Z, times the drainage coefficient, kd. If the retained rainfall exceeds a critical water level, Zc, the slope becomes unstable. Thus, the threshold for the intensity and duration of storm rainfall required to initiate debris flows is determined by the kd and Zc values of the most susceptible slopes in the study area.
","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental Engineering Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gseegeosci.I.1.11","usgsCitation":"Wilson, R.C., and Wieczorek, G.F., 1995, Rainfall thresholds for the initiation of debris flows at La Honda, California: Environmental & Engineering Geoscience, v. 1, no. 1, p. 11-27, https://doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.I.1.11.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"27","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":269309,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://eeg.geoscienceworld.org/content/1/1/11.short"},{"id":227445,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.30083979814364,\n 37.28509194071739\n ],\n [\n -122.30083979814364,\n 37.14308592344695\n ],\n [\n -122.06990826936038,\n 37.14308592344695\n ],\n [\n -122.06990826936038,\n 37.28509194071739\n ],\n [\n -122.30083979814364,\n 37.28509194071739\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"1","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9465e4b0c8380cd813ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, R. C.","contributorId":50889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wieczorek, G. F.","contributorId":50143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieczorek","given":"G.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018731,"text":"70018731 - 1995 - Measurements in the bottom boundary layer on the Amazon subaqueous delta","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-08T17:36:57.965842","indexId":"70018731","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Measurements in the bottom boundary layer on the Amazon subaqueous delta","docAbstract":"An instrumented bottom tripod (GEOPROBE) recorded flow and suspended sediment data in the bottom boundary layer above the lower foresets of the Amazon subaqueous delta in 65 m mean water depth in February, 1990. After about two weeks of operation the apparent seafloor at the tripod site rapidly elevated over a 14-hour period by about 44 cm. This sudden change, which was detected by an acoustic altimeter and which caused the loss of signals from the lowermost GEOPROBE current and optical sensors, is though to have been caused by the incursion of a dense bottom layer of fluid mud that migrated downslope from shallower sections of the foresets. The fluid-mud migration across the outer part of the foresets, if a repetitive and occasional process in this region, could be a major mechanism for episodic seaward growth of the delta. Current velocity profiles are used to estimate shear velocities, u*, and roughness lengths, zo, during the first two weeks of measurements. -from Authors","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(95)00014-P","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Cacchione, D., Drake, D., Kayen, R., Sternberg, R., Kineke, G., and Tate, G.B., 1995, Measurements in the bottom boundary layer on the Amazon subaqueous delta: Marine Geology, v. 125, no. 3-4, p. 235-257, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(95)00014-P.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"235","endPage":"257","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227401,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"125","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5324e4b0c8380cd6c8d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cacchione, D.A.","contributorId":65448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cacchione","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":380576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drake, D.E.","contributorId":48150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kayen, R.W.","contributorId":57615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kayen","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sternberg, R.W.","contributorId":90872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sternberg","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kineke, G.C.","contributorId":12214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kineke","given":"G.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tate, G. B.","contributorId":46119,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tate","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70018727,"text":"70018727 - 1995 - Glacial removal of late Cenozoic subglacially emplaced volcanic edifices by the West Antarctic ice sheet","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-20T12:50:44","indexId":"70018727","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Glacial removal of late Cenozoic subglacially emplaced volcanic edifices by the West Antarctic ice sheet","docAbstract":"Local maxima of the horizontal gradient of pseudogravity from closely spaced aeromagnetic surveys over the Ross Sea, northwestern Ross Ice Shelf, and the West Antarctic ice sheet, reveal a linear magnetic rift fabric and numerous subcircular, high-amplitude anomalies. Geophysical data indicate two or three youthful volcanic edifices at widely separated areas beneath the sea and ice cover in the West Antarctic rift system. In contrast, we suggest glacial removal of edifices of volcanic sources of many more anomalies. Magnetic models, controlled by marine seismic reflection and radar ice-sounding data, allow us to infer that glacial removal of the associated late Cenozoic volcanic edifices (probably debris, comprising pillow breccias, and hyaloclastites) has occurred essentially concomitantly with their subglacial eruption. \"Removal' of unconsolidated volcanic debris erupted beneath the ice is probably a more appropriate term than \"erosion', given its fragmented, ice-contact origin. The exposed volcanoes may have been protected from erosion by the surrounding ice sheet because of more competent rock or high elevation above the ice sheet. -from Authors","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<1111:GROLCS>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Behrendt, J.C., Blankenship, D.D., Damaske, D., and Cooper, A.K., 1995, Glacial removal of late Cenozoic subglacially emplaced volcanic edifices by the West Antarctic ice sheet: Geology, v. 23, no. 12, p. 1111-1114, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<1111:GROLCS>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1111","endPage":"1114","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227357,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Ross Sea","volume":"23","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a290be4b0c8380cd5a62c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Behrendt, John C. jbehrendt@usgs.gov","contributorId":25945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Behrendt","given":"John","email":"jbehrendt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":213,"text":"Crustal Imaging and Characterization Team","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":380562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blankenship, D. D.","contributorId":29012,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blankenship","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Damaske, D.","contributorId":66771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Damaske","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cooper, A. K.","contributorId":50149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70018726,"text":"70018726 - 1995 - Implications of uncertainty in exposure assessment for groundwater contamination","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:27","indexId":"70018726","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Implications of uncertainty in exposure assessment for groundwater contamination","docAbstract":"Decision-making on regulation, mitigation, and treatment of drinking water contamination depends, in part, on estimates of human exposure. Assessment of past, present and potential future exposure levels requires quantitative characterization of the contaminant sources, the transport of contaminants and the level of actual human exposure to the contaminated water. Failure to consider the uncertainties in these three components of exposure assessment can lead to poor decisions such as implementing an inappropriate mitigation strategy or failing to regulate an important contaminant. Three examples from US Geological Survey hydrogeologic studies in southern California are presented to illustrate some of the unique uncertainties associated with exposure assessment for groundwater contamination.","largerWorkTitle":"IAHS-AISH Publication","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Assessing and Managing Health Risks from Drinking Water Contamination: Approaches and Applications","conferenceDate":"13 September 1994 through 17 September 1994","conferenceLocation":"Rome, Italy","language":"English","publisher":"IAHS","publisherLocation":"Wallingford, United Kingdom","issn":"01447815","usgsCitation":"Reichard, E.G., Izbicki, J., and Martin, P., 1995, Implications of uncertainty in exposure assessment for groundwater contamination, in IAHS-AISH Publication, no. 233, Rome, Italy, 13 September 1994 through 17 September 1994, p. 211-219.","startPage":"211","endPage":"219","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227356,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"233","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3930e4b0c8380cd61835","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reichard, Eric G. 0000-0002-7310-3866 egreich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7310-3866","contributorId":1207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reichard","given":"Eric","email":"egreich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":380560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Izbicki, John A. 0000-0003-0816-4408 jaizbick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":1375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"John A.","email":"jaizbick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":380561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin, Peter pmmartin@usgs.gov","contributorId":799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Peter","email":"pmmartin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":380559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018725,"text":"70018725 - 1995 - The structural and geochemical evolution of the continental crust: Support for the oceanic plateau model of continental growth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-05T15:36:50.570876","indexId":"70018725","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3283,"text":"Reviews of Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The structural and geochemical evolution of the continental crust: Support for the oceanic plateau model of continental growth","docAbstract":"The problem of the origin of the continental crust can be resolved into two fundamental questions: (1) the location and mechanisms of initial mantle extraction of the primitive crust and (2) the processes by which this primitive crust is converted into the continental crust that presently exists. We know that Archean continental crust is compositionally distinct from younger continental crust. Archean magmatism was dominantly bimodal, mafic thoeleiitic plus dacitic, heavy rare earth element depleted, in contrast to the dominantly unimodal, roughly andesitic calc‐alkaline magmatism on younger crust [Taylor and McLennan, 1985; Condie, 1989]. The problem is whether these compositional differences are primarily due to different mechanisms of crustal extraction from the mantle or to different mechanisms of differentiation and alteration of newly formed continental crust.