The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of herbicide active and inactive ingredients (primarily volatile organic compounds) at four selected sites in Iowa representing drain tiles, observation wells, or lysimeters. Water samples were collected monthly and bi-monthly before and after herbicide applications in 1991, respectively. They were analyzed for seven herbicides and 32 volatile organic compounds using methods recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Commercially available herbicide formulations also were obtained and analyzed for volatile organic compounds.
\nHerbicides were detected in 50% of water samples, ranging from 78% of water samples from the Ames site to 25% from the Walnut Creek site. Among herbicides detected, listed in decreasing order of frequency, were atrazine > alachlor > cyanazine > metolachlor > metribuzin. Volatile organic compounds were detected in 11% of water samples. Among the compounds detected, listed in decreasing order of frequency, were xylene > toluene > acetone. One sample contained a detectable amount of aliphatic compound(s), with the empirical formula of C8H18. Results from the Deer Creek site showed that herbicides were detected primarily in the top layer (1.2 m), whereas xylene and other alkylbenzenes were detected at 2.1 m or deeper. Apparently, physico-chemical and other factors are separating herbicides and volatile organic compounds in the shallow unsaturated zone.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water, Air, and Soil Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/BF00482591","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Wang, W., Liszewski, M., Buchmiller, R., and Cherryholmes, K., 1995, Occurrence of active and inactive herbicide ingredients at selected sites in Iowa: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 83, no. 1-2, p. 21-35, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00482591.","startPage":"21","endPage":"35","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226619,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205760,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object 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\"}}]}","volume":"83","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6bc7e4b0c8380cd748a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, W.","contributorId":76003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liszewski, M.","contributorId":41156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liszewski","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buchmiller, R.","contributorId":12988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchmiller","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cherryholmes, K.","contributorId":67672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherryholmes","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70019254,"text":"70019254 - 1995 - How wet is wet? Precipitation constraints on late Quaternary climate in the southern Arabian Peninsula","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T11:41:41","indexId":"70019254","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"How wet is wet? Precipitation constraints on late Quaternary climate in the southern Arabian Peninsula","docAbstract":"It is generally recognized that the southern Arabian Peninsula has had two wet periods in the late Quaternary. To quantify ‘wet’ a 28 000 year old capillary surface associated with a paleowater-table was mapped and used as a surrogate for the water table in a ground-water model. Analysis of this model suggests 1.4 mm year−1 of recharge is necessary to support the water table at the mapped elevations during the wet period. Climatic relations between rainfall and recharge in arid areas infer that annual rainfall during this wet period was approximately 200 ± 50 mm year−1 or approximately five times the present rate.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(94)02551-L","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Wood, W., and Imes, J.L., 1995, How wet is wet? Precipitation constraints on late Quaternary climate in the southern Arabian Peninsula: Journal of Hydrology, v. 164, no. 1-4, p. 263-268, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(94)02551-L.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"263","endPage":"268","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226639,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"164","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a326de4b0c8380cd5e7cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, W.W.","contributorId":21974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Imes, Jeffrey L. jimes@usgs.gov","contributorId":2983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Imes","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jimes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":382145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70019002,"text":"70019002 - 1995 - Mining the earth's heat in the basin and range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-14T09:48:01","indexId":"70019002","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1141,"text":"Bulletin. Geothermal Resources Council","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mining the earth's heat in the basin and range","docAbstract":"The Geothermal Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is revisiting the Basin and Range Province after a hiatus of over a decade. The Basin and Range is a region of Neogene extension and generally high, but regionally and locally variable heat flow. The northern Basin and Range (Great Basin) has higher mean elevation and more intense Quaternary extension than does the southern Basin and Range, and a somewhat higher average heat flow. Present geothermal electric power generation (500+ MW) is entirely from hydrothermal systems of the Great Basin. The USGS is seeking industrial partners to investigate the potential for new hydrothermal reservoirs and to develop the technology to enhance the productivity of existing reservoirs.","language":"English","publisher":"Geothermal Resources Council","publisherLocation":"Davis, CA, United States","issn":"01607782","usgsCitation":"Sass, J.H., 1995, Mining the earth's heat in the basin and range: Bulletin. Geothermal Resources Council, v. 24, no. 4, p. 125-129.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"125","endPage":"129","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5b17e4b0c8380cd6f30d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sass, John H.","contributorId":69596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sass","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70018900,"text":"70018900 - 1995 - Investigation of aquifer-system compaction in the Hueco basin, El Paso, Texas, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:14","indexId":"70018900","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Investigation of aquifer-system compaction in the Hueco basin, El Paso, Texas, USA","docAbstract":"The Pleistocene geologic history of the Rio Grande valley in the Hueco basin included a cycle of sediment erosion and re-aggradation, resulting in unconformable stratification of sediment of contrasting compressibility and stress history. Since the 1950s large groundwater withdrawals have resulted in significant water-level declines and associated land subsidence. Knowledge of the magnitude and variation of specific storage is needed for developing predictive models of subsidence and groundwater flow simulations. Analyses of piezometric and extensometric data in the form of stress-strain diagrams from a 16 month period yield in situ measurements of aquifer-system compressibility across two discrete aquifer intervals. The linear elastic behaviour of the deeper interval indicates over-consolidation of basin deposits, probably resulting from deeper burial depth before the middle Pleistocene. By contrast, the shallow aquifer system displays an inelastic component, suggesting pre-consolidation stress not significantly greater than current effective stress levels for a sequence of late Pleistocene clay. Harmonic analyses of the piezometric response to earth tides in two water-level piezometers provide an independent estimate of specific storage of aquifer sands.","largerWorkTitle":"IAHS-AISH Publication","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1995 5th International Symposium on Land Subsidence","conferenceDate":"16 October 1995 through 20 October 1995","conferenceLocation":"Hague, Neth","language":"English","publisher":"IAHS","publisherLocation":"Wallingford, United Kingdom","issn":"01447815","usgsCitation":"Heywood, C., 1995, Investigation of aquifer-system compaction in the Hueco basin, El Paso, Texas, USA, in IAHS-AISH Publication, no. 234, Hague, Neth, 16 October 1995 through 20 October 1995.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226804,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"234","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e81e4b0c8380cd63e2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heywood, Charles","contributorId":18916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heywood","given":"Charles","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70018980,"text":"70018980 - 1995 - Sewage contamination in the upper Mississippi River as measured by the fecal sterol, coprostanol","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T08:07:31","indexId":"70018980","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3716,"text":"Water Research","onlineIssn":"1879-2448","printIssn":"0043-1354","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sewage contamination in the upper Mississippi River as measured by the fecal sterol, coprostanol","docAbstract":"The molecular sewage indicator, coprostanol, was measured in bed sediments of the Mississippi River for the purpose of determining sewage contamination. Coprostanol is a non-ionic, non-polar, organic molecule that associates with sediments in surface waters, and concentrations of coprostanol in bed sediments provide an indication of long-term sewage loads. Because coprostanol concentrations are dependent on particle size and percent organic carbon, a ratio between coprostanol (sewage sources) and cholestanol + cholesterol (sewage and non-sewage sources) was used to remove the biases related to particle size and percent organic carbon. The dynamics of contaminant transport in the Upper Mississippi River are influenced by both hydrologic and geochemical parameters. A mass balance model incorporating environmental parameters such as river and tributary discharge, suspended sediment concentration, fraction of organic carbon, sedimentation rates, municipal discharges and coprostanol decay rates was developed that describes coprostanol concentrations and therefore, expected patterns of municipal sewage effects on the Upper Mississippi River. Comparison of the computed and the measured coprostanol concentrations provides insight into the complex hydrologic and geochemical processes of contaminant transport and the ability to link measured chemical concentrations with hydrologic characteristics of the Mississippi River.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0043-1354(94)00304-P","issn":"00431354","usgsCitation":"Writer, J., Leenheer, J., Barber, L.B., Amy, G., and Chapra, S., 1995, Sewage contamination in the upper Mississippi River as measured by the fecal sterol, coprostanol: Water Research, v. 29, no. 6, p. 1427-1436, https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(94)00304-P.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1427","endPage":"1436","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226573,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205753,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(94)00304-P"}],"volume":"29","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d87e4b08c986b318478","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Writer, J.H.","contributorId":9780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Writer","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leenheer, J.A.","contributorId":75123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leenheer","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barber, L. B.","contributorId":64602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Amy, G.L.","contributorId":47098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amy","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chapra, S.C.","contributorId":11343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapra","given":"S.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70018869,"text":"70018869 - 1995 - Validation of national land-cover characteristics data for regional water-quality assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T10:44:20","indexId":"70018869","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1753,"text":"Geocarto International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Validation of national land-cover characteristics data for regional water-quality assessment","docAbstract":"Land-cover information is used routinely to support the interpretation of water-quality data. The Prototype 1990 Conterminous US Land Cover Characteristics Data Set, developed primarily from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data, was made available to the US Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. The study described in this paper explored the utility of the 1990 national data set for developing quantitative estimates of the areal extent of principal land-cover types within large areal units. Land-cover data were collected in 1993 at 210 sites in the Central Nebraska Basins, one of the NAWQA study units. Median percentage-corn estimates for each sampling stratum wre used to produce areally weighted estimates of the percentage-corn cover for hydrologic units. Comparison of those areal estimates with an independent source of 1992 land-cover data showed good agreement. -Authors","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10106049509354514","usgsCitation":"Zelt, R.B., Brown, J.F., and Kelley, M., 1995, Validation of national land-cover characteristics data for regional water-quality assessment: Geocarto International, v. 10, no. 4, p. 69-80, https://doi.org/10.1080/10106049509354514.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"69","endPage":"80","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226437,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc102e4b08c986b32a404","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zelt, Ronald B. 0000-0001-9024-855X rbzelt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9024-855X","contributorId":300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zelt","given":"Ronald","email":"rbzelt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":380981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, Jesslyn F. 0000-0002-9976-1998 jfbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9976-1998","contributorId":3241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Jesslyn","email":"jfbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":380980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kelley, M.S.","contributorId":14003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70019001,"text":"70019001 - 1995 - Episode 49 of the Pu'u 'Ō'ō-Kūpaianaha eruption of Kilauea volcano-breakdown of a steady-state eruptive era","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-05T11:21:17","indexId":"70019001","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Episode 49 of the Pu'u 'Ō'ō-Kūpaianaha eruption of Kilauea volcano-breakdown of a steady-state eruptive era","docAbstract":"The Pu'u 'O'o-Kupaianaha eruption (1983-present) is the longest lived rift eruption of either Kilauea or neighboring Mauna Loa in recorded history. The initial fissure opening in January 1983 was followed by three years of episodic fire fountaining at the Pu'u 'O'o vent on Kilauea's east rift zone ∼19km from the summit (episodes 4–47). These spectacular events gave way in July 1986 to five and a half years of near-continuous, low-level effusion from the Kupaianaha vent, ∼ 3km to the cast (episode 48). A 49th episode began in November 1991 with the opening of a new fissure between Pu'u 'O'o and Kupaianaha. This three week long outburst heralded an era of more erratic eruptive behavior characterized by the shut down of Kupaianaha in February 1992 and subsequent intermittent eruption from vents on the west flank of Pu'u 'O'o (episodes 50 and 51). The events occurring over this period are due to progressive shrinkage of the rift-zone reservoir beneath the eruption site, and had limited impact on eruption temperatures and lava composition.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00301403","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Mangan, M.T., Heliker, C., Mattox, T.N., Kauahikaua, J.P., and Helz, R., 1995, Episode 49 of the Pu'u 'Ō'ō-Kūpaianaha eruption of Kilauea volcano-breakdown of a steady-state eruptive era: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 57, no. 2, p. 127-135, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00301403.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"127","endPage":"135","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226270,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.49224853515625,\n 19.160735484156255\n ],\n [\n -154.742431640625,\n 19.160735484156255\n ],\n [\n -154.742431640625,\n 19.56755420165624\n ],\n [\n -155.49224853515625,\n 19.56755420165624\n ],\n [\n -155.49224853515625,\n 19.160735484156255\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"57","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a0be4b0c8380cd52182","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mangan, M. T.","contributorId":10438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mangan","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heliker, C. C.","contributorId":70753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heliker","given":"C. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mattox, T. N.","contributorId":55450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattox","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kauahikaua, J. P.","contributorId":69992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauahikaua","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Helz, Rosalind Tuthill 0000-0003-1550-0684","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1550-0684","contributorId":16806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helz","given":"Rosalind Tuthill","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":381358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70018875,"text":"70018875 - 1995 - Rapid toluene mineralization by aquifer microorganisms at Adak, Alaska: Implications for intrinsic bioremediation in cold environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T09:04:03","indexId":"70018875","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid toluene mineralization by aquifer microorganisms at Adak, Alaska: Implications for intrinsic bioremediation in cold environments","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es00011a012","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Bradley, P., and Chapelle, F.H., 1995, Rapid toluene mineralization by aquifer microorganisms at Adak, Alaska: Implications for intrinsic bioremediation in cold environments: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 29, no. 11, p. 2778-2781, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00011a012.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"2778","endPage":"2781","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226526,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9500e4b0c8380cd81751","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, P. M. 0000-0001-7522-8606","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":29465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapelle, F. H.","contributorId":101697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1014835,"text":"1014835 - 1995 - Partial replacement of fish meal with spray-dried blood powder to reduce phosphorus concentrations in diets for juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-28T17:28:11.894889","indexId":"1014835","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":857,"text":"Aquaculture Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Partial replacement of fish meal with spray-dried blood powder to reduce phosphorus concentrations in diets for juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)","title":"Partial replacement of fish meal with spray-dried blood powder to reduce phosphorus concentrations in diets for juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)","docAbstract":"Feeds formulated with 5.7, 11.4 and 22.7% spray-dried blood powder, also called blood flour (88.1% protein, 0.2% total phosphorus), were compared with a control diet with 49% herring meal (64% protein, 2.1% total phosphorus) and no blood powder for rearing juvenile rainbow trout. Oncorhynchus my kiss (Walbaum). Diets with 5.7, 11.4 and 22.7% blood powder contained 1.22,1.03 and 0.84% phosphorus, respectively, compared with 1.36% phosphorus in the control diet. Over 12 weeks, differences in mean specific growth (range 2.23-2.35 day−1) or feed conversion (range 1.04-1.09) among the four diets were not significant (P > 0.05). Apparent digestibility of phosphorus in the diet with 22.7% blood powder was greater (45.2%) than that in the control diet (31.6%). Increases in phosphorus concentrations in the water in which trout were fed diets with blood powder (range 16-20 μg−1 total phosphorus) were 33-47% less (P<0.05) than in tanks where trout were fed the control diet (30μg−1 total phosphorus). Feed formulations for rainbow trout prepared with 22.7% blood powder and 17.0% fish meal would contain 65.3% less fish meal and 38% less total phosphorus than present in the control diet, which was a representation of a modern feed formulation for rainbow trout.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2109.1995.tb00948.x","usgsCitation":"Luzier, J.M., Summerfelt, R., and Ketola, H.G., 1995, Partial replacement of fish meal with spray-dried blood powder to reduce phosphorus concentrations in diets for juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum): Aquaculture Research, v. 26, no. 8, p. 577-587, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.1995.tb00948.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"577","endPage":"587","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129065,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db689062","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luzier, J. M.","contributorId":10750,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Luzier","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Summerfelt, R.C.","contributorId":66203,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Summerfelt","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ketola, H. G.","contributorId":60976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ketola","given":"H.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018895,"text":"70018895 - 1995 - Little River revisited - thirty-five years after Hack and Goodlett","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-02T22:02:52.872034","indexId":"70018895","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Little River revisited - thirty-five years after Hack and Goodlett","docAbstract":"In possibly the first detailed study to relate geomorphology, vegetation, and hydrology at a watershed scale, Hack and Goodlett (1960) documented variation in the eastern forest with topograhic positions of cove, side slope, and nose. Runoff identified as convergent, parallel, or divergent, supported forest types, respectively, of northern hardwood, oak, and yellow pine. The study, conducted in the Little River Basin of northwestern Virginia, also described effects on landforms and vegetation of a catastrophic flood that occurred in June, 1949.
Field investigations, conducted nearly 4 decades later, review selected parts of the study by Hack and Goodlett (1960). Replicate data provide a basis to evaluate interpretations of Hack and Goodlett, to document geomorphic change within the Little River Basin since the 1949 flood, and to identify vegetation change in uplands and bottomlands. Results suggest that change to hillslope landforms has been minor since 1949, but that changes have occurred to the Little River and its tributaries, seemingly during flow events of 1952, 1955, and 1985. Change in areal extent of forest types was not detected. Change in the relative abundances of dominant species may have resulted from 20th-century fire suppression.
The tolerance of post yolk-sac American shad Alosa sapidissima larvae to salinities typically seen in estuaries was assessed experimentally. Sixteen-day-old Hudson River (experiment I) and 35-d-old Delaware River (experiment II) larvae were held for 8 d and 9 d respectively in low (0–1‰), medium (9–11‰), and highly (19–20‰) brackish water, and mortality and growth rates were measured. Growth rates did not vary significantly among salinity treatments. Mortality in experiment I did not vary significantly among salinity treatments however, in experiment II, mortality was zero at 10‰ but higher and statistically indistinguishable between 0‰ and 20‰ In experiment II relative condition increased with salinity. These results imply that estuarine salinities neither depress growth rates nor elevate mortality rates of larval American shad when compared with freshwater conditions. We conclude that ecological factors other than the physiological effects of salinity have played more important roles in the evolution of the upriver spawning and nursery preference shown by this species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.2307/1352315","usgsCitation":"Limburg, K., and Ross, R.M., 1995, Growth and mortaility rates of larval American shad, Alosa sapidissima, at different salinities: Estuaries, v. 18, no. 2, p. 335-340, https://doi.org/10.2307/1352315.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"335","endPage":"340","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129705,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, New Jersey, New York, Philadelphia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.10231864023115,\n 38.75530207144337\n ],\n [\n -74.94597303790182,\n 38.95178150734495\n ],\n [\n -74.8678002367364,\n 39.10107348270634\n ],\n [\n -74.78962743556863,\n 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-74.11354629018159,\n 40.55693692434966\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a90e4b07f02db655791","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Limburg, K.E.","contributorId":103219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Limburg","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ross, R. M.","contributorId":39311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1008660,"text":"1008660 - 1995 - Determination of selection gradients using multiple regression versus Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-29T08:34:44","indexId":"1008660","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1038,"text":"Biometrical Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of selection gradients using multiple regression versus Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)","docAbstract":"Selection studies involving multiple intercorrelated independent variables have employed multiple regression analysis as a means to estimate and partition natural and sexual selection's direct and indirect effects. These statistical models assume that independent variables are measured without error. Most would conclude that such is not the case in the field studies for which these methods are employed. We demonstrate that the distortion of estimates resulting from error variance is not trivial. When independent variables are intercorrelated, extreme distortions may occur. We propose to use Structural Equation Models (SEM), to estimate error variance and produce highly accurate coefficients for formulation of selection gradients. This method is particularly appropriate when the selection is viewed as happening at the level of the latent variables.
","language":"English","doi":"10.1002/bimj.4710370406","usgsCitation":"Pugesek, B., and Tomer, A., 1995, Determination of selection gradients using multiple regression versus Structural Equation Modeling (SEM): Biometrical Journal, v. 37, no. 4, p. 449-462, https://doi.org/10.1002/bimj.4710370406.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"449","endPage":"462","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130803,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-01-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db66794b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pugesek, B.H.","contributorId":45666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pugesek","given":"B.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tomer, A.","contributorId":80139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tomer","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018882,"text":"70018882 - 1995 - Quaternary soils and dust deposition in southern Nevada and California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-23T15:34:52.10257","indexId":"70018882","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quaternary soils and dust deposition in southern Nevada and California","docAbstract":"Eolian dust constitutes much of the pedogenic material in late Pleistocene and Holocene soils of many arid regions of the world. Comparison of the compositions and influx rates of modern dust with the eolian component of dated soils at 24 sites in southern Nevada and California yields information on (1) the composition and influx rate of dust in late Pleistocene and Holocene soils, (2) paleoclimate and its effects on the genesis of aridic soils, especially with regard to dustfall events, (3) the timing and relative contribution of dust from playa sources versus alluvial sources, and (4) the effects of accumulation of dust in soil horizons.
The <2 mm fractions of A and B horizons of soils formed on gravelly alluvial-fan deposits in the study area are similar to modern dust in grain size, content of CaCO3 and salt, major oxides, and clay mineralogy; thus, they are interpreted to consist largely of dust. The major-oxide compositions of the shallow soil horizons are nearly identical to that of the modern dust, but the compositions of progressively deeper horizons approach that of the parent material. The clay mineralogy of modern dust at a given site is similar to that of the Av horizons of nearby Holocene soils but is commonly different from the mineralogies of deeper soil horizons and of the Av horizons of nearby Pleistocene soils. These results are interpreted to indicate that dust both accumulates and is transformed in Av horizons with time.
Changes in soil-accumulation rates provide insights into the interplay of paleoclimate, dust supply, and soil-forming processes. Modern dust-deposition rates are more than large enough to account for middle and late Holocene soil-accumulation rates at nearly all sites. However, the early Holocene soil-accumulation rates in areas near late Pleistocene pluvial lakes are much higher than modern rates and clearly indicate a dust-deflation and -deposition event that caused rapid formation of fine-grained shallow soil horizons on uppermost Pleistocene and lower Holocene deposits. We interpret late Pleistocene soil-accumulation rates to indicate that dust-deposition rates were low during this period but that increased effective moisture during the late Wisconsinan favored translocation of clay and CaCO3 from near the surface to deeper in the soil profile. Pre–late Pleistocene rates are very low in most areas, mainly due to a pedogenic threshold that was crossed when accumulations of silt, clay, and CaCO3 began to inhibit the downward transport of eolian material, but in part due to erosion.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1995)107<1003:QSADDI>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Reheis, M., 1995, Quaternary soils and dust deposition in southern Nevada and California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 107, no. 9, p. 1003-1022, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1995)107<1003:QSADDI>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1003","endPage":"1022","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226614,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"107","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a92dae4b0c8380cd80ab5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reheis, M.C. 0000-0002-8359-323X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8359-323X","contributorId":36128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reheis","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70018890,"text":"70018890 - 1995 - Techniques of contributing-area delineation for analysis of nonpoint-source contamination of Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:14","indexId":"70018890","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2767,"text":"Models for assessing and monitoring groundwater quality. Proc. symposium, Boulder, 1995","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Techniques of contributing-area delineation for analysis of nonpoint-source contamination of Long Island, New York","docAbstract":"Ninety shallow monitoring wells on Long Island, N.Y., were used to test the hypothesis that the correlation between the detection of volatile organic compounds (VOC's) at a well and explanatory variables representing land use, population density, and hydrogeologic conditions around the well is affected by the size and shape of the area defined as the contributing area. Explanatory variables are quantified through overlay of various specified contributing areas on 1:24 000-scale landuse and population-density geographic information system (GIS) coverages. Four methods of contributing-area delineation were used: (a) centering a circle of selected radius on the well site, (b) orienting a triangular area along the direction of horizontal ground-water flow to the well, (c) generating a shaped based on direction and magnitude of horizontal flow to the well, and (d) generating a shape based on three-dimensional particle pathlines backtracked from the well screen to the water table. The strongest correlations with VOC detections were obtained from circles of 400- to 1 000-meter radius. Improvement in correlation through delineations based on ground-water flow would require geographic overlay on more highly detailed GIS coverages than those used in the study.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Models for assessing and monitoring groundwater quality. Proc. symposium, Boulder, 1995","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Misut, P., 1995, Techniques of contributing-area delineation for analysis of nonpoint-source contamination of Long Island, New York: Models for assessing and monitoring groundwater quality. Proc. symposium, Boulder, 1995, v. 227, p. 31-37.","startPage":"31","endPage":"37","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226712,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"227","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba43ae4b08c986b3201b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Misut, P.","contributorId":58788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Misut","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70018891,"text":"70018891 - 1995 - Interseismic deformation along the San Andreas Fault in southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-25T12:15:00.218353","indexId":"70018891","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interseismic deformation along the San Andreas Fault in southern California","docAbstract":"Eight trilateration networks located along the San Andreas fault in southern California have been surveyed 8 to 19 times within a 14- to 17-year interval between 1971 and 1992. The data, measurements of distances between the same 10 to 32 pairs of geodetic monuments within a network in each of the surveys, have been corrected for coseismic offsets from nearby earthquakes calculated from dislocation models. The corrected data, a total of 2027 measurements, are displayed in the form of plots of measured distance versus time for each of the 167 lines measured. The hypothesis that the interseismic deformation is steady is tested by examining whether deviations from linear fits to the data in the plots are within the range expected for observational error. A significant deviation from steady deformation is found only for the network located neax Palmdale, California. In that network, many of the measurements made in the survey of early 1982 deviate from the trend defined by the measurements in other surveys. The deviations are not of the form (fixed proportional error) one would generally expect from systematic survey error. If the survey of early 1982 is excluded, the remaining data at Palmdale are consistent with steady deformation. Thus the apparent strain event observed near Palmdale in 1982 was transient.
Alaskan sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka typically spawn in lake tributaries during summer (early run) and along clear‐water lake shorelines and outlet rivers during fall (late run). Production at the glacially turbid Tustumena Lake and its outlet, the Kasilof River (south‐central Alaska), was thought to be limited to a single run of sockeye salmon that spawned in the lakeˈs clear‐water tributaries. However. up to 40% of the returning sockeye salmon enumerated by sonar as they entered the lake could not be accounted for during lake tributary surveys, which suggested either substantial counting errors or that a large number of fish spawned in the lake itself. Lake shoreline spawning had not been documented in a glacially turbid system. We determined the distribution and pattern of sockeye salmon spawning in the Tustumena Lake system from 1989 to 1991 based on fish collected and radiotagged in the Kasilof River. Spawning areas and times were determined for 324 of 413 sockeye salmon tracked upstream into the lake after release. Of these, 224 fish spawned in tributaries by mid‐August and 100 spawned along shoreline areas of the lake during late August. In an additional effort, a distinct late run was discovered that spawned in the Kasilof River at the end of September. Between tributary and shoreline spawners, run and spawning time distributions were significantly different. The number of shoreline spawners was relatively stable and independent of annual escapement levels during the study, which suggests that the shoreline spawning component is distinct and not surplus production from an undifferentiated run. Since Tustumena Lake has been fully deglaciated for only about 2,000 years and is still significantly influenced by glacier meltwater, this diversification of spawning populations is probably a relatively recent and ongoing event.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1995)124<0001:POSSBS>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Burger, C.V., Finn, J., and Holland-Bartels, L., 1995, Pattern of shoreline spawning by sockeye salmon in a glacially turbid lake: Evidence for subpopulation differentiation: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 124, no. 1, p. 1-15, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1995)124<0001:POSSBS>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129684,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kasilof River, Tustumena Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -151.33438010935132,\n 60.395134369485106\n ],\n [\n -151.33438010935132,\n 60.23541437408804\n ],\n [\n -151.1349812366858,\n 60.23541437408804\n ],\n [\n -151.1349812366858,\n 60.395134369485106\n ],\n [\n -151.33438010935132,\n 60.395134369485106\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"124","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db6886c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burger, C. V.","contributorId":58219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burger","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finn, J.E.","contributorId":8795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holland-Bartels, L.","contributorId":11556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland-Bartels","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1003547,"text":"1003547 - 1995 - Volume loss and mass balance for selected physicochemical constituents in Lake Pepin, upper Mississippi River, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-23T14:00:07","indexId":"1003547","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3246,"text":"Regulated Rivers: Research & Management","printIssn":"0886-9375","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volume loss and mass balance for selected physicochemical constituents in Lake Pepin, upper Mississippi River, USA","docAbstract":"Lake Pepin is a large, natural riverine lake in the upper Mississippi River downstream of the Twin Cities metropolitan area and the confluence with the Minnesota River, which are sources of suspended sediments and pollutants (nutrients and potentially toxic materials). The lake has a history of water quality problems and has been an efficient trap for suspended sediment and sediment-associated contaminants. Based on bathymetric survey data, the loss of volume in Lake Pepin between 1897 and 1986 was estimated. The mass balance of the lake for total suspended solids, chlorophyll a, total and dissolved reactive phosphorus and total nitrogen for 9 June 1987 to 4 June 1988 was also estimated. Water was sampled at the inflow, mid-reach, and outflow of the lake. Lake Pepin is very eutrophic, based on concentrations of phosphorus, nitrogen and chlorophyll a. The lake volume decreased by approximately 21% between 1897 and 1986. Longitudinally, the greatest fraction of the whole-lake volume loss occurred in the upper lake (45%). Based on mass balance calculations, the lake trapped about half of the suspended solids entering the lake, but it had a small net export of chlorophyll a. The lake was a sink for phosphorus and nitrogen; however, it had a net export of total phosphorus at times during low flows in the summer of 1987. Internal loading of dissolved reactive phosphorus was prevalent during the summer of 1987. The only substantial export of total nitrogen occurred in June 1987 during a bloom of cyanobacteria. The lake should continue to be an efficient trap for suspended sediment and associated contaminants, but its trapping efficiency will continue to decline slowly as lake volume decreases. Lake Pepin will probably continue to experience water quality problems, such as nuisance algal growths and low dissolved oxygen, especially during summer low flows.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rrr.3450110207","usgsCitation":"Maurer, W.R., Claflin, T.O., Rada, R.G., and Rogala, J.T., 1995, Volume loss and mass balance for selected physicochemical constituents in Lake Pepin, upper Mississippi River, USA: Regulated Rivers: Research & Management, v. 11, no. 2, p. 175-184, https://doi.org/10.1002/rrr.3450110207.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"175","endPage":"184","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196935,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Pepin, Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.54745483398438,\n 44.61588908327616\n ],\n [\n -92.581787109375,\n 44.57921933015075\n ],\n [\n -92.55020141601562,\n 44.55329208318496\n ],\n [\n -92.50625610351562,\n 44.54693080488455\n ],\n [\n -92.46711730957031,\n 44.54252643570382\n ],\n [\n -92.43209838867188,\n 44.53959000445632\n ],\n [\n -92.39913940429688,\n 44.529800830678674\n ],\n [\n -92.37579345703125,\n 44.52392653654213\n ],\n [\n -92.3352813720703,\n 44.506789794977664\n ],\n [\n -92.32429504394531,\n 44.4803403652934\n ],\n [\n -92.31536865234375,\n 44.4548592065362\n ],\n [\n -92.2906494140625,\n 44.42495366933076\n ],\n [\n -92.25013732910155,\n 44.401901257636936\n ],\n [\n -92.21237182617188,\n 44.39356091349481\n ],\n [\n -92.17117309570312,\n 44.38669150215206\n ],\n [\n -92.12448120117188,\n 44.38669150215206\n ],\n [\n -92.09083557128906,\n 44.395032825316115\n ],\n [\n -92.0819091796875,\n 44.42544404744875\n ],\n [\n -92.08808898925781,\n 44.448487178796235\n ],\n [\n -92.10662841796875,\n 44.46172061276446\n ],\n [\n -92.16018676757812,\n 44.470051236358984\n ],\n [\n -92.21237182617188,\n 44.4808302785626\n ],\n [\n -92.26387023925781,\n 44.49748488200713\n ],\n [\n -92.27142333984375,\n 44.51364509634189\n ],\n [\n -92.28103637695311,\n 44.553781383487305\n ],\n [\n -92.29202270507812,\n 44.56650174734629\n ],\n [\n -92.32635498046875,\n 44.58508804575891\n ],\n [\n -92.36892700195312,\n 44.5924231071787\n ],\n [\n -92.40875244140625,\n 44.596823699714406\n ],\n [\n -92.45956420898438,\n 44.60122395901207\n ],\n [\n -92.49870300292969,\n 44.60513502085406\n ],\n [\n -92.54745483398438,\n 44.61588908327616\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd72a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maurer, William R.","contributorId":60344,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maurer","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Claflin, Thomas O.","contributorId":41931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Claflin","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rada, Ronald G.","contributorId":14786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rada","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rogala, James T. 0000-0002-1954-4097 jrogala@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1954-4097","contributorId":2651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogala","given":"James","email":"jrogala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":313512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1003114,"text":"1003114 - 1995 - Past, present, and future concepts in large river ecology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-05T14:09:42.26822","indexId":"1003114","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":997,"text":"BioScience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Past, present, and future concepts in large river ecology","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1312552","usgsCitation":"Johnson, B., Richardson, W.B., and Naimo, T., 1995, Past, present, and future concepts in large river ecology: BioScience, v. 45, no. 3, p. 134-141, https://doi.org/10.2307/1312552.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"134","endPage":"141","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129979,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688b6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Barry L.","contributorId":95009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Barry L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richardson, W. B.","contributorId":16363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Naimo, T.J.","contributorId":32870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naimo","given":"T.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1003058,"text":"1003058 - 1995 - Double-crested cormorants along the upper Mississippi River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-18T14:37:13.952602","indexId":"1003058","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1272,"text":"Colonial Waterbirds","printIssn":"07386028","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Double-crested cormorants along the upper Mississippi River","docAbstract":"The Upper Mississippi River is an important habitat corridor for migratory birds and other wildlife, and it supports an important commercial and sport fishery. A study was initiated by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in 1991 to describe Double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) distribution and abundance on the Upper Mississippi River throughout the year to better understand the possible impacts of cormorants on fish resources and populations of other piscivorous birds. Double-crested Cormorants were common breeders and abundant during migration on the Upper Mississippi River during the 1940s. Numbers of cormorants declined in the 1960s and 1970s along the Upper Mississippi River as they did in other parts of the United States. In 1992, 418 cormorant pairs were estimated to have nested in four colonies on the Upper Mississippi River, and less than 7,000 cormorants were estimated to have migrated along the river during the fall and spring of 1991 and 1992. Recent public concern for fish resources has grown with a perceived growth of the local cormorant population. Migrating cormorants collected on the Upper Mississippi River took Gizzard Shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) primarily, but chicks were fed a wide variety of fish species.","language":"English","publisher":"Waterbird Society","doi":"10.2307/1521532","usgsCitation":"Kirsch, E., 1995, Double-crested cormorants along the upper Mississippi River: Colonial Waterbirds, v. 18, no. Special Pub. 1, p. 131-136, https://doi.org/10.2307/1521532.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"131","endPage":"136","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134497,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"Special Pub. 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db636007","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirsch, E.M.","contributorId":87486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirsch","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1003205,"text":"1003205 - 1995 - The occurrence of mycoplasmas in selected wild North American waterfowl","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-21T11:13:55","indexId":"1003205","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The occurrence of mycoplasmas in selected wild North American waterfowl","docAbstract":"We determined the prevalence of mycoplasma infection in breeding mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) and canvasback (Aythya valisineria) hens and their broods from the central United States (1988 to 1990); and wintering American black duck (Anas rubripes) and mallard hens from the eastern United States (1990 to 1993). Mycoplasmas were isolated by culturing tracheal swabs from 656 live birds and tissue samples from 112 dead waterfowl. Nine (18%) of 51 mycoplasma isolates were identified as Mycoplasma anatis; M. anatis was recovered from four mallards, a black duck, and a gadwall (Anas strepera) duckling. Nineteen (37%) of 51 mycoplasma isolates were identified as Mycoplasma cloacale; these isolates were obtained from mallard, canvasback, and black duck adults, and from a mallard duckling. Additional unspeciated mycoplasmas were isolated from mallards, black ducks, and one canvasback.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-31.3.364","issn":"00903558","usgsCitation":"Goldberg, D., Samuel, M., Thomas, C.B., Sharp, P., Krapu, G., Robb, J., Kenow, K., Korschgen, C.E., Chipley, W., Conroy, M., and Kleven, S., 1995, The occurrence of mycoplasmas in selected wild North American waterfowl: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 31, no. 3, p. 364-371, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-31.3.364.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"364","endPage":"371","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133688,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"31","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6494a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldberg, Diana R. 0000-0001-8540-8512","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8540-8512","contributorId":82252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldberg","given":"Diana R.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":312950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Samuel, M.D.","contributorId":13910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samuel","given":"M.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomas, C. B.","contributorId":87888,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sharp, P.","contributorId":88685,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sharp","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krapu, Gary L.","contributorId":56994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krapu","given":"Gary L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Robb, J.R.","contributorId":11551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robb","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kenow, K.P.","contributorId":18302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenow","given":"K.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Korschgen, C. E.","contributorId":9197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Korschgen","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Chipley, W.H.","contributorId":14783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chipley","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Conroy, M.J.","contributorId":84690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conroy","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Kleven, S.H.","contributorId":92633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleven","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":1003039,"text":"1003039 - 1995 - Efficacy and toxicity of formalin solutions containing paraformaldehyde for fish and egg treatments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-23T15:35:12.507886","indexId":"1003039","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Efficacy and toxicity of formalin solutions containing paraformaldehyde for fish and egg treatments","docAbstract":"Formalin used for fish and egg treatments at hatcheries often develops a white precipitate called paraformaldehyde when stored at low temperatures. This presents a problem for hatchery managers because most of the literature and treatment procedures claim that formalin containing paraformaldehyde is more toxic than pure formalin and is not safe for fish or egg treatments. Acute toxicity tests with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) showed that the toxicity of formalin solutions containing a moderate amount of fine paraformaldehyde was similar to that of pure formalin. In efficacy tests on fish eggs, the bottom fraction of a formalin solution containing paraformaldehyde and a sample from the clear top fraction were equally effective in controlling fungal infection on rainbow trout eggs and caused no treatment‐related mortality. Chemical assays found on average a 3% difference in formaldehyde concentration between top and bottom fractions of a formalin solution containing paraformaldehyde. We recommend normal use of formalin solutions containing light to moderate amounts of fine paraformaldehyde. Allowing solutions to warm to room temperature may resolubilize moderate amounts of paraformaldehyde if the exposure to cold was not prolonged. If precipitation is heavier, clear top fractions can be decanted and used as normal because paraformaldehyde settles to the bottom of containers. Formalin solutions that have been exposed to freezing temperatures for long periods (more than 6 weeks) and have developed large amounts of paraformaldehyde solids should not be used and resolubilization by warming is not possible. Formation of paraformaldehyde in formalin solutions can be easily avoided by storing formalin at room temperature.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1995)057%3C0147:EATOFS%3E2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Howe, G., Marking, L.L., Bills, T., and Schreier, T.M., 1995, Efficacy and toxicity of formalin solutions containing paraformaldehyde for fish and egg treatments: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 57, no. 2, p. 147-152, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1995)057%3C0147:EATOFS%3E2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"152","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134450,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f7d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howe, G.E.","contributorId":53734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howe","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marking, L. L.","contributorId":90661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marking","given":"L.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bills, T.D.","contributorId":6393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bills","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schreier, Theresa M. 0000-0001-7722-6292 tschreier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7722-6292","contributorId":3344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreier","given":"Theresa","email":"tschreier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":312626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1000823,"text":"1000823 - 1995 - Oligochaete fauna of western Lake Erie 1961 and 1982: Signs of sediment quality recovery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-14T11:03:26","indexId":"1000823","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oligochaete fauna of western Lake Erie 1961 and 1982: Signs of sediment quality recovery","docAbstract":"The oligochaete fauna at 40 stations in western Lake Erie were collected in 1982 and compared to oligochaete fauna collected similarly in 1961. A total of 34 taxa, representing 18 Tubificidae and 16 Naididae, were identified. Changes in the proportions of low, moderate, and heavy polluted sediments, as determined by ranges of total numbers of oligochaetes, indicate that, in general, heavy pollution substantially decreased near shore and moderate pollution increased and low pollution decreased in open waters over the 21-year comparison. The most common taxon, the eutrophic species, Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, decreased in abundance in open water, indicating decreased eutrophication, whereas the distribution and abundance of other indicator taxa, including the eutrophic species L. maumeensis, L. cervix, Quistadrilus multisetosus multisetosus, and mesotrophic species Ilyodrilus templetoni and three species ofAulodrilus indicate increased eutrophication in open water. In general, oligochaete trophic indices (based on tubificid species and abundances) in traditional area designations used in 1961, the nearshore designation (<3.5 km from shore), and areas defined by cluster analysis confirm results of less eutrophic substrates near shore. However, traditional analysis indicates that low pollution was replaced by moderate pollution in open waters and cluster analysis indicates that the zone of least detectable pollution increased in open waters over the 21-year comparison. It may be that the open waters of western Lake Erie were in a stage of transition between pollution designations when sampled in 1982. The present study is valuable because it provides a baseline to assess environmental changes observed in western Lake Erie after many years of pollution abatement programs and before the exponential increase in densities of the trophic shifting zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(95)71040-1","usgsCitation":"Schloesser, D.W., Reynoldson, T.B., and Manny, B.A., 1995, Oligochaete fauna of western Lake Erie 1961 and 1982: Signs of sediment quality recovery: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 21, no. 3, p. 294-306, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(95)71040-1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"294","endPage":"306","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133561,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af1e4b07f02db69178f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schloesser, Don W.","contributorId":21485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schloesser","given":"Don","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynoldson, Trefor B.","contributorId":42177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynoldson","given":"Trefor","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Manny, Bruce A. 0000-0002-4074-9329 bmanny@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4074-9329","contributorId":3699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manny","given":"Bruce","email":"bmanny@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70134509,"text":"70134509 - 1995 - Silver and other tracers of sewage particles in coastal and deep sea sediments off the east coast, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T12:25:04","indexId":"70134509","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Silver and other tracers of sewage particles in coastal and deep sea sediments off the east coast, USA","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transport, fate, and effects of silver in the environment: the 2nd international conference proceedings, the University of Wisconsin-Madison, September 11-14, 1994","conferenceTitle":"Transport, fate, and effects of silver in the environment","conferenceDate":"September 11-14, 1994","conferenceLocation":"Madison, WI","language":"English","publisher":"University of Wisconsin","usgsCitation":"Bothner, M., Buchholtz ten Brink, M.R., and Ravizza, G., 1995, Silver and other tracers of sewage particles in coastal and deep sea sediments off the east coast, USA, in Transport, fate, and effects of silver in the environment: the 2nd international conference proceedings, the University of Wisconsin-Madison, September 11-14, 1994, Madison, WI, September 11-14, 1994, p. 61-68.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"68","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296377,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"547ee2d0e4b09357f05f8a6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bothner, Michael H. mbothner@usgs.gov","contributorId":139855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bothner","given":"Michael H.","email":"mbothner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buchholtz ten Brink, Marilyn R.","contributorId":88021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchholtz ten Brink","given":"Marilyn","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ravizza, G.E.","contributorId":105450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ravizza","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":20559,"text":"ofr95361 - 1995 - Data on quantity and quality of water flowing in drainage systems of dry docks at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Bremerton, Washington, 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-14T15:45:00.055633","indexId":"ofr95361","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-361","title":"Data on quantity and quality of water flowing in drainage systems of dry docks at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Bremerton, Washington, 1994","docAbstract":"Data on the quantity and quality of ground water that drains into dry docks at the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard can be useful for planning environmental remediation work at the shipyard. Ground-water discharges into and total drain-water discharges from individual dry docks were computed from a single set of discharges of individual inflowing drains' and outflowing drain-water collection culverts that were measured in June, July and August 1994. Ground-water inflows to dry docks no. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 equalled 0.07, 0.30, 0.29, 0.61, 1.18, and 6.2 cubic feet per second, respectively, and total drain-water discharges from the dry docks equalled 0.07, 0.30, 0.33, 0.61, 1.36, and 11.7 cubic feet per second, respectively. The differences between total outflows and ground-water inflows were mostly cofferdam and floodgate leakage and cooling water from a ship in dry dock no. 6. Observed salinities indicate that 18, 92, 28, 44, 55, and 69 percent of the ground-water inflows to dry docks no. 1 through 6 and 18, 92, 37, 44, 63, and 82 percent of the total outflows from the dry docks was saline water from Sinclair Inlet.
Concentrations of total copper in samples from 36 sites varied from less than 1 to 71 micrograms per liter, and concentrations of total lead varied from less than 1 to 44 micrograms per liter. None of 43 semi-volatile organic compounds that were analyzed for in samples from 19 sites were detected at concentrations greater than the laboratory minimum reporting level (5 or 10 micrograms per liter). A total of 13 volatile organic compounds were found at concentrations greater than laboratory minimum reporting levels (mostly 0.2 microgram per liter) in 8 samples that were analyzed for 63 volatile organic compounds. Trichloroethene and at least three other chlorinated hydrocarbons were found in each sample.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95361","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Department of the Navy Engineering Field Activity, Northwest Naval Facilities Engineering Command","usgsCitation":"Prych, E.A., 1995, Data on quantity and quality of water flowing in drainage systems of dry docks at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Bremerton, Washington, 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-361, v, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95361.","productDescription":"v, 58 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":19368,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0361/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":152767,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0361/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","city":"Bremerton","otherGeospatial":"Puget Sound Naval Shipyard","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.66321182250977,\n 47.54913099905259\n ],\n [\n -122.62475967407225,\n 47.54913099905259\n ],\n [\n -122.62475967407225,\n 47.56424909302446\n ],\n [\n -122.66321182250977,\n 47.56424909302446\n ],\n [\n -122.66321182250977,\n 47.54913099905259\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bd61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prych, Edmund A.","contributorId":38139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prych","given":"Edmund","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1003149,"text":"1003149 - 1995 - Declining populations of the fingernail clam Musculium transversum in the upper Mississippi River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-22T11:14:05.504053","indexId":"1003149","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Declining populations of the fingernail clam Musculium transversum in the upper Mississippi River","docAbstract":"We examined recent temporal trends in the abundance of fingernial clamsMusculium transversum (formerlySphaerium transversum) in the upper Mississippi River. Historical data on densities of fingernail clams were obtained from regional scientists and published literature. We also sampled benthos in six navigation pools in summer 1991, finding very few fingernail clams. The combined data set, including historical data and sampling results, extended from 1973 to 1992 and was sufficient to statistically evaluate trends in densities of fingernail clams in eight pools. Populations of fingernail clams declined significantly in five of the eight pools examined (Pools 2, 5, 7, 9, and 19), which spanned a 700-km reach of river from St. Paul, Minnesota, to Keokuk, Iowa. Densities in Pool 19, which had the longest historical record on fingernail clam abundance, averaged 30 000 m−2 in 1985 and progressively declined to zero in 1990. Combined data from all eight pools showed a significant decline in abundance of fingernail clams. An evaluation of potential causal factors led us to hypothesize that the population declines in Pools 2 to 9 were linked to point-source pollution rather than to dredging activity or commercial navigation traffic. In Pool 19, the declines of fingernail clams may have resulted from low-flow conditions during drought periods, but the causal mechanisms by which low flow influences fingernail clam abundance are unclear. The decrease in fingernail clam populations may adversely affect certain fish and wildlife, such as migrating lesser scaupAythya affinis, which feed heavily on the small mollusk. Moreover, the decreases in populations of this pollution-sensitive mollusk may signal a large-scale deterioration in the health of this riverine ecosystem.