{"pageNumber":"3918","pageRowStart":"97925","pageSize":"25","recordCount":185159,"records":[{"id":2002239,"text":"2002239 - 1995 - Reproduction in free-ranging Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:02","indexId":"2002239","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":37,"text":"Information and Technology Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"1","title":"Reproduction in free-ranging Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris)","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Population biology of the Florida manatee.","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Biological Service","usgsCitation":"Rathbun, G.B., Reid, J., Bonde, R., and Powell, J.A., 1995, Reproduction in free-ranging Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris): Information and Technology Report 1, p. 135-156.","productDescription":"p. 135-156","startPage":"135","endPage":"156","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198006,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a55e4b07f02db62cb2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rathbun, G. B.","contributorId":106044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rathbun","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reid, J.P. 0000-0002-8497-1132","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8497-1132","contributorId":59372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bonde, R. K. 0000-0001-9179-4376","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-4376","contributorId":63339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonde","given":"R. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Powell, J. A.","contributorId":69916,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Powell","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70184476,"text":"70184476 - 1995 - Influence of temperature on incubation rates of coho salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus kisutch</i>) from ten Washington populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-10T09:11:13","indexId":"70184476","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2900,"text":"Northwest Science","onlineIssn":"2161-9859","printIssn":"0029-344X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of temperature on incubation rates of coho salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus kisutch</i>) from ten Washington populations","docAbstract":"<p>Coho salmon from 10 Washington populations were incubated under controlled conditions to determine the levels of variation in time to hatch among populations and families within populations. The average incubation rate was somewhat slower than that estimated from a quantitative model derived from British Columbia populations, and was slightly faster than that predicted by a Washington model. Significant variation in incubation rated among the Washington populations was detected, consistent with results from other studies. Data of first hatching of families within populations ranged more than two weeks at 6°C. Within families, the first and last individuals to hatch ranged over 1-3 weeks. The variation within populations and families will contribute to the variation in emergence date of fry, which will affect their growth and survival.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Northwest Science Association","usgsCitation":"Konecki, J.T., Woody, C.A., and Quinn, T.P., 1995, Influence of temperature on incubation rates of coho salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus kisutch</i>) from ten Washington populations: Northwest Science, v. 69, no. 2, p. 126-132.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"126","endPage":"132","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337279,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.northwestscience.org/page-937324","text":"Journal's Website"},{"id":337280,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","volume":"69","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c950e4b0f37a93ee9b7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konecki, John T.","contributorId":181581,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Konecki","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woody, Carol Ann","contributorId":172548,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woody","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Quinn, Thomas P.","contributorId":167272,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quinn","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":24671,"text":"School of Aquatic and Fsiery Sciences, UW, Box 355020, Seattle, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":681641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019593,"text":"70019593 - 1995 - Landscape approach to identifying environments where ground water and surface water are closely interrelated","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T11:38:36","indexId":"70019593","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Landscape approach to identifying environments where ground water and surface water are closely interrelated","docAbstract":"Understanding the interaction of ground water and surface water is fundamental to solving many of the water resource problems facing the Nation. To facilitate efficient management of the Nation's water resources, a program of study and evaluation of the interaction of ground water and surface water is proposed that would emphasize intersite comparison between 24 environments throughout the Nation.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Symposium on Groundwater Management - Proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Groundwater Management","conferenceDate":"August 14-16, 1995","conferenceLocation":"San Antonio, TX","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","usgsCitation":"Winter, T.C., 1995, Landscape approach to identifying environments where ground water and surface water are closely interrelated, <i>in</i> International Symposium on Groundwater Management - Proceedings, San Antonio, TX, August 14-16, 1995, p. 139-144.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"144","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228283,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a43fbe4b0c8380cd66758","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winter, Thomas C.","contributorId":84736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70019634,"text":"70019634 - 1995 - Effects of pulsating flow on current meter performance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:18","indexId":"70019634","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Effects of pulsating flow on current meter performance","docAbstract":"Summarized are laboratory tests for current meter response to pulsating flows. Included are results for mechanical and electromagnetic water-current meters that are commonly used for stream gaging. Most of the vertical-axis and horizontal-axis types of mechanical meters that were tested significantly underregistered the mean flow velocity when the magnitude of the pulsating portion of the flow velocity was greater than half the mean velocity but less than the mean velocity. Errors for all meters tested were largest at the lowest mean flow velocity, 0.076 m/s.","largerWorkTitle":"International Water Resources Engineering Conference - Proceedings","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Water Resources. Part 1 (of 2)","conferenceDate":"14 August 1995 through 18 August 1995","conferenceLocation":"San Antonio, TX, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","usgsCitation":"Fulford, J.M., 1995, Effects of pulsating flow on current meter performance, <i>in</i> International Water Resources Engineering Conference - Proceedings, v. 1, San Antonio, TX, USA, 14 August 1995 through 18 August 1995, p. 917-921.","startPage":"917","endPage":"921","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228242,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0790e4b0c8380cd51767","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Espey William H.Combs Phil G.","contributorId":128391,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Espey William H.Combs Phil G.","id":536456,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Fulford, Janice M. jfulford@usgs.gov","contributorId":991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulford","given":"Janice","email":"jfulford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":383382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70019625,"text":"70019625 - 1995 - Minor elements in Quaternary sediment from the Sea of Japan: A record of surface-water productivity and intermediate-water redox conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-23T15:27:46.001166","indexId":"70019625","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Minor elements in Quaternary sediment from the Sea of Japan: A record of surface-water productivity and intermediate-water redox conditions","docAbstract":"<div id=\"15008347\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Sediment of Quaternary age from Oki Ridge (903 m depth) in the Sea of Japan (∼3500 m deep) records six episodes of high accumulation rates of Cd, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, U, V, and Zn. The high rates correspond to periods of sulfate reduction in the water column at the intermediate depth of Oki Ridge; the intervening low values correspond to periods of denitrification and oxygen respiration. The maxima have a period of 41 k.y., the youngest having an age of 1.10 Ma. The 41 k.y. cycle is similar to the cycle of δ<sup>18</sup>O values of open-ocean plankton of the same age. The similarity between the cycles of minor-element accumulation in Sea of Japan sediment and δ<sup>18</sup>O values of Atlantic Ocean foraminifera indicates that redox changes in the water column of the Sea of Japan during the Quaternary, forced by major shifts in water-column advection and minor shifts in photic-zone productivity, reflect global events.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1995)107<0054:MEIQSF>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Piper, D., and Isaacs, C., 1995, Minor elements in Quaternary sediment from the Sea of Japan: A record of surface-water productivity and intermediate-water redox conditions: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 107, no. 1, p. 54-67, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1995)107<0054:MEIQSF>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"54","endPage":"67","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228086,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Sea of Japan","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              118.99760867766071,\n              30.065013035286583\n            ],\n            [\n              149.93510867765946,\n              30.065013035286583\n            ],\n            [\n              149.93510867765946,\n              55.52596151937561\n            ],\n            [\n              118.99760867766071,\n              55.52596151937561\n            ],\n            [\n              118.99760867766071,\n              30.065013035286583\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"107","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5b23e4b0c8380cd6f362","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piper, D.Z.","contributorId":34154,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piper","given":"D.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Isaacs, C.M.","contributorId":44163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isaacs","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019663,"text":"70019663 - 1995 - Trend analyses of sediment data for the DEC project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:20","indexId":"70019663","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Trend analyses of sediment data for the DEC project","docAbstract":"Daily stream discharge, suspended-sediment concentration, and suspended-sediment discharge data were collected at eight sites in six watersheds of the Demonstration Erosion Control project in the Yazoo River Basin in north-central Mississippi during the period July 1985 through September 1991. The project is part of an ongoing interagency program of planning, design, construction, monitoring, and evaluation to alleviate flooding, erosion, sedimentation, and water-quality problems for watersheds located in the bluff hills upstream of the Mississippi River alluvial plain. This paper presents preliminary results of trend analyses for stream discharge and sediment data for the eight project sites. More than 550 stream discharge measurements and 20,000 suspended-sediment samples have been collected at the eight sites since 1985.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Conference on Integrated Water Resources Planning for the 21st Century","conferenceDate":"7 May 1995 through 11 May 1995","conferenceLocation":"Cambridge, MA, USA","language":"English","publisherLocation":"ASCE","usgsCitation":"Rebich, R.A., 1995, Trend analyses of sediment data for the DEC project, Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Conference on Integrated Water Resources Planning for the 21st Century, Cambridge, MA, USA, 7 May 1995 through 11 May 1995, p. 1077-1080.","startPage":"1077","endPage":"1080","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228053,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb7c4e4b08c986b327482","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rebich, Richard Allen","contributorId":54751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rebich","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"Allen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70019692,"text":"70019692 - 1995 - Preparation of specific-yield logs for clastic bedrock aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-08T13:29:02.527033","indexId":"70019692","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preparation of specific-yield logs for clastic bedrock aquifers","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group \"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Specific yield is the principal aquifer characteristic needed to estimate the volume of recoverable ground water in storage in an aquifer. Determination of specific yield can be difficult and costly, particularly in deep, confined aquifers where core drilling and core analyses may be needed to define specific yield. A method has been developed for preparation of specific-yield geophysical logs that could greatly ease the determination of specific yields in such aquifers.</p><p>Three geophysical logs that were investigated as potential indicators of specific yield were the free fluid index log, the effective-porosity log, and the apparent grain-density log. The free fluid index log did not accurately represent conditions at the test site in central Colorado and may not be suitable for application in other shallow and permeable aquifers. The effective-porosity and apparent grain-density logs were each used in least-squares linear regressions to correlate log response to specific yield measured in core samples. The resulting regression equations have coefficients of correlation (R) of 0.84 and 0.90, and were used to successfully prepare specific-yield logs from the effective-porosity and apparent grain-density logs.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1995.tb00256.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Robson, S.G., 1995, Preparation of specific-yield logs for clastic bedrock aquifers: Groundwater, v. 33, no. 1, p. 4-10, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1995.tb00256.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"4","endPage":"10","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227882,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8b25e4b0c8380cd7e18f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robson, S. G.","contributorId":97102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70019621,"text":"70019621 - 1995 - Growth of strain SES-3 with arsenate and other diverse electron acceptors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-17T19:53:31.585082","indexId":"70019621","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Growth of strain SES-3 with arsenate and other diverse electron acceptors","docAbstract":"<p>The selenate-respiring bacterial strain SES-3 was able to use a variety of inorganic electron acceptors to sustain growth. SES-3 grew with the reduction of arsenate to arsenite, Fe(III) to Fe(II), or thiosulfate to sulfide. It also grew in medium in which elemental sulfur, Mn(IV), nitrite, trimethylamine <i>N</i>-oxide, or fumarate was provided as an electron acceptor. Growth on oxygen was microaerophilic. There was no growth with arsenite or chromate. Washed suspensions of cells grown on selenate or nitrate had a constitutive ability to reduce arsenate but were unable to reduce arsenite. These results suggest that strain SES-3 may occupy a niche as an environmental opportunist by being able to take advantage of a diversity of electron acceptors.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/aem.61.10.3556-3561.1995","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Laverman, A., Blum, J., Schaefer, J., Phillips, E.J., Lovley, D.R., and Oremland, R., 1995, Growth of strain SES-3 with arsenate and other diverse electron acceptors: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 61, no. 10, p. 3556-3561, https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.61.10.3556-3561.1995.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"3556","endPage":"3561","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480203,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.61.10.3556-3561.1995","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":228049,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2dfbe4b0c8380cd5c1d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laverman, A.M.","contributorId":8238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laverman","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blum, J.S.","contributorId":105070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blum","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schaefer, J.K.","contributorId":17256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaefer","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Phillips, Elizabeth J.P.","contributorId":37475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Elizabeth","middleInitial":"J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lovley, Derek R.","contributorId":107852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovley","given":"Derek","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Oremland, R.S.","contributorId":97512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":1000999,"text":"1000999 - 1995 - A decade of predatory control of zooplankton species composition of Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-28T10:48:58","indexId":"1000999","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A decade of predatory control of zooplankton species composition of Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"From 1983 to 1992, 71 species representing 38 genera from the Calanoida, Cladocera, Cyclopoida, Mysidacea, Rotifera, Mollusca and Harpacticoida comprised the offshore zooplankton community of Lake Michigan. Our data demonstrate that the composition and abundance of the calanoid community after 1983 is not unlike that of 1960s and that species diversity of the calanoid community is more diverse than the cladoceran community in the 1990s as compared to the early 1980s. Even though the relative biomass of the cladocerans has remained similar over the 1983-1993 period, the species diversity and evenness of the Cladocera community in the early 1990s is unlike anything that has been previously reported for Lake Michigan. Cladocera dominance is centered in one species, <i>Daphnia</i> galeata mendotae, and only three species of Cladocera were observed in the pelagic region of the lake in 1991 and 1992. Nutrient levels, phytoplankton biomass, and the abundance of planktivorous alewife and bloater chub and <i>Bythotrephes</i> are examined as possible causes of these changes in zooplankton species composition. The increase in Rotifera biomass, but not Crustacea, was correlated with an increase in relative biomass of unicellular algae. Food web models suggest <i>Bythotrephes</i> will cause Lake Michigan's plankton to return to a community similar to that of the 1970s; that is <i>Diaptomus</i> dominated. Such a change has occurred. However, correlational analysis suggest that alewife and bloater chubs (especially juveniles) are affecting size and biomass of larger species of zooplankton as well as <i>Bythotrephes</i>.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(95)71073-5","collaboration":"Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"Makarewicz, J.C., Bertram, P., Lewis, T., and Brown, E.H., 1995, A decade of predatory control of zooplankton species composition of Lake Michigan: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 21, no. 4, p. 620-640, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(95)71073-5.","productDescription":"p. 620-640","startPage":"620","endPage":"640","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266594,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(95)71073-5"},{"id":133512,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6af189","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Makarewicz, Joseph C.","contributorId":25120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Makarewicz","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bertram, Paul","contributorId":34478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bertram","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lewis, Theodore","contributorId":107664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"Theodore","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, Edward H. Jr.","contributorId":33251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Edward","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1001339,"text":"1001339 - 1995 - Survival of adult female northern pintails in Sacramento Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T11:55:58","indexId":"1001339","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival of adult female northern pintails in Sacramento Valley, California","docAbstract":"North American populations of northern pintails (Anas acuta) declined between 1979 and the early 1990s. To determine if low survival during winter contributed to declines, we estimated winter (last week of Aug-Feb 1987-90) survival for 190 adult (after hatching yr [AHY]) female radio-tagged pintails in late summer in Sacramento Valley (SACV), California. Survival rates did not vary by winter (P = 0.808), among preseason, hunting season, or postseason intervals (P = 0.579), or by body mass at time of capture (P = 0.127). Premolt (wing) pintails (n = 10) tended to survive at a lower rate (0.622, SE = 0.178) than pintails that had already replaced flight feathers (0.887, SE = 0.030) (P = 0.091). The pooled survival (all years) estimate for the 180-day winter was 0.874 (SE = 0.031). Hunting mortality rate (0.041-0.087) and nonhunting mortality rate (0.013-0.076) did not differ among years (P = 0.332) or within years (all P > 0.149). Legal hunting (n = 7), predation (n = 4), cholera (n = 2), illegal shooting (n = 2), botulism (n = 1), and unknown cause (n = 1) accounted for all mortality. Nonwintering survival (annu. survival/winter survival = 0.748) was lower than winter survival; thus, if gains in annual survival are desired for this population, managers should first examine the breeding-migration period for opportunities to achieve increases.","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3802454","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.R., Fleskes, J.P., Orthmeyer, D.L., Newton, W.E., and Gilmer, D.S., 1995, Survival of adult female northern pintails in Sacramento Valley, California: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 59, no. 3, p. 478-486, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802454.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"478","endPage":"486","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128530,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db6881a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Michael R.","contributorId":45796,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":12709,"text":"Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":310900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fleskes, Joseph P. 0000-0001-5388-6675 joe_fleskes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5388-6675","contributorId":1889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleskes","given":"Joseph","email":"joe_fleskes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":310902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Orthmeyer, Dennis L.","contributorId":52646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orthmeyer","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":310901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Newton, Wesley E. 0000-0002-1377-043X wnewton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1377-043X","contributorId":3661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"Wesley","email":"wnewton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gilmer, David S.","contributorId":59508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilmer","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1000952,"text":"1000952 - 1995 - Limitations to lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) rehabilitation in the Great Lakes imposed by biotic interactions occurring at early life stages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-08T12:11:10.669299","indexId":"1000952","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Limitations to lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) rehabilitation in the Great Lakes imposed by biotic interactions occurring at early life stages","docAbstract":"<p>We examine evidence that biotic factors, particularly predation, may be limiting early survival of wild lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) juveniles in many areas of the Great Lakes. The Great Lakes contain numerous potential predators of lake trout eggs and fry, some of which are recent invaders, and most of which were probably absent when lake trout most recently re-invaded the Great Lakes after the last ice age. Simple quantitative models of predation suggest that plausible assumptions about prey densities, predator feeding rates, and duration of exposure of predator to prey can lead to very high estimates of predation mortality, in some instances approaching 100%. Indirect evidence from inter-Great Lake comparisons and inland lake examples also suggest that biotic factors may impede successful lake trout colonization. Our synthesis of the evidence leads to recommendations for research to better define field feeding rates of lake trout egg and fry predators and comparative studies of densities of potential egg and fry predators on lake trout spawning reefs. Management options should be designed to provide useful information as well as achieve short-term goals. From a management standpoint we recommend that: newly constructed lake trout reefs should be placed well away from concentrations of potential predators; offshore spawning reefs should be stocked; salmonine stocking, nutrient abatement, and commercial harvest of alewives should all be considered as options to enhance survival of young lake trout; hatchery lake trout should not be stocked at sites where wild lake trout are showing signs of recovery; and exotic species expansions or introductions must be curtailed to maintain or improve on our recent successes in lake trout rehabilitation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","usgsCitation":"Jones, M., Eck, G.W., Evans, D.O., Fabrizio, M.C., Hoff, M.H., Hudson, P.L., Janssen, J., Jude, D., O’Gorman, R., and Savino, J.F., 1995, Limitations to lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) rehabilitation in the Great Lakes imposed by biotic interactions occurring at early life stages: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 21, p. 505-517.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"505","endPage":"517","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133621,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a5296","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Michael L.","contributorId":7219,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Michael L.","affiliations":[{"id":6590,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":309949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eck, Gary W.","contributorId":106053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eck","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evans, David O.","contributorId":89854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fabrizio, Mary C.","contributorId":77471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fabrizio","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hoff, Michael H.","contributorId":23878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoff","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hudson, Patrick L. 0000-0002-7646-443X phudson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7646-443X","contributorId":5616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Patrick","email":"phudson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Janssen, John","contributorId":52543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janssen","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jude, David","contributorId":51702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jude","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"O’Gorman, Robert rogorman@usgs.gov","contributorId":3451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Gorman","given":"Robert","email":"rogorman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":309947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Savino, Jacqueline F. jsavino@usgs.gov","contributorId":2213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savino","given":"Jacqueline","email":"jsavino@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70185378,"text":"70185378 - 1995 - Mantle helium in ground waters of eastern North America: Time and space constraints on sources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-19T14:38:01.584799","indexId":"70185378","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mantle helium in ground waters of eastern North America: Time and space constraints on sources","docAbstract":"<p><span>Mantle helium in continental environments is generally considered to be the result of active volcanism and/or active extension. The latest episodes of volcanism in northeastern North America are the track of the New England hotspot (95–190 Ma) and the closure of the Iapetus sea (before 300 Ma). Thus, the identification of mantle helium in young ground waters of central New England is counter to the conventional wisdom. On the basis of evaluation of helium evolution in emplaced magmas, we postulate an “aged” mantle source for the excess helium component in ground waters of central New England that is either (1) a local, near-surface–emplaced, gas-rich magma that has retained significant volatiles (e.g., in fluid inclusions) or (2) a deeply emplaced gas-rich magma with high initial&nbsp;</span><sup>2</sup><span>He/</span><sup>4</sup><span>He (10</span><sup>−5</sup><span>) and helium transport (with dispersion) through the crust over time. This gas-rich initial condition may support the concept of a volatile-enriched mantle wedge and thus explain the increased buoyancy flux of the New England hotspot as it traversed eastern North America, as has been suggested by others.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<0675:MHIGWO>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Torgersen, T., Drenkard, S., Stute, M., Schlosser, P., and Shapiro, A., 1995, Mantle helium in ground waters of eastern North America: Time and space constraints on sources: Geology, v. 23, no. 8, p. 675-678, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<0675:MHIGWO>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"675","endPage":"678","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337941,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d23b95e4b0236b68f8294a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Torgersen, T.","contributorId":83297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torgersen","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drenkard, S.","contributorId":89292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drenkard","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stute, M.","contributorId":67234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stute","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schlosser, P.","contributorId":106656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlosser","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shapiro, A.","contributorId":8268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70187925,"text":"70187925 - 1995 - Winter wolf predation in a multiple ungulate prey system, Gates of the Arctic National Park, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-04T18:15:19","indexId":"70187925","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5411,"text":"Occasional Publication of the Canadian Circumpolar Institute","printIssn":"006-0303","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":19}},"seriesNumber":"35","title":"Winter wolf predation in a multiple ungulate prey system, Gates of the Arctic National Park, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>We investigated patterns of winter wolf predation, including prey selection, prey switching, kill rates, carcass utilization, and consumption rates for four wolf packs during three different study periods (March 1989, March 1990, and November 1990) in Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve, Alaska. Wolves killed predominantly caribou (165 caribou, seven moose, and five Dall sheep) even when moose and sheep were more abundant. Prey selection varied between study periods. More moose were killed in march 1989, a particularly deep snow year, and more sheep were killed in November 1990 than during other periods. Overall kill rates ranged from 0-8 days/ungulate killed (<i>x̅</i> = 2.0, <u>SD</u> = 1.6) and did not vary between study periods.&nbsp; Pack size and species killed explained significant variation in the length of time intervals between kills. Although caribou density varied nearly 40-fold between pack territories, it had little influence on predation characteristics except at low densities, when kill rates may have declined. Caribou distribution had marked effects on wolf predation rate.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology and conservation of wolves in a changing world: Proceedings of the second North American symposium on wolves: Occasional Publication 35","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Second North American Symposium on Wolves","conferenceDate":"25-27 August 1992","conferenceLocation":"Edmonton, AB","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Circumpolar Institute, University of Alberta","publisherLocation":"Edmonton, AB","issn":"006-0303","isbn":"0-919058-92-2","usgsCitation":"Dale, B.W., Adams, L., and Bowyer, R., 1995, Winter wolf predation in a multiple ungulate prey system, Gates of the Arctic National Park, Alaska, <i>in</i> Ecology and conservation of wolves in a changing world: Proceedings of the second North American symposium on wolves: Occasional Publication 35, Edmonton, AB, 25-27 August 1992, p. 223-230.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"223","endPage":"230","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341669,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Gates of the Arctic National Park","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59269bd0e4b0b7ff9fb489c8","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Carbyn, Ludwig N.","contributorId":113476,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carbyn","given":"Ludwig","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696014,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fritts, Steven H.","contributorId":93975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritts","given":"Steven H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696015,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seip, Dale R.","contributorId":112067,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seip","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696016,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Dale, Bruce W.","contributorId":6769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dale","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, Layne G. 0000-0001-6212-2896 ladams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6212-2896","contributorId":2776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Layne G.","email":"ladams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bowyer, R. Terry","contributorId":9533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowyer","given":"R. Terry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70187733,"text":"70187733 - 1995 - Correlation of Ordovician rocks of northern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-07T21:14:24","indexId":"70187733","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Correlation of Ordovician rocks of northern Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>The Ordovician sequences presented in this report were chosen to cover a range of depositional and structural settings found in northern Alaska. Consequently, the quality of lithostratigraphic, paleontologic, and sedimentologic data is variable. Until 1982, Ordovician rocks in northern Alaska were known only from a few, widely separated localities. Since then, several hundred Ordovician conodont collections were obtained during geologic mapping of chiefly metacarbonate rocks; some are from measured sections that contain a succession of pelagic and (or) warm, shallow-water index species, but others are isolated, single collections that merely contain species that are long-ranging, within the Ordovician. Graptolite collections are fewer than conodont collections, but they provide invaluable ties between carbonate and siliciclastic sequences. New macrofossil localities are rare. All these collections have increased the known areal extent of Ordovician rocks in northern Alaska (Fig. 1) at least thirtyfold. Faunal assemblages from carbonate rocks in northern Alaska indicate that this area was situated in low latitudes during the Ordovician.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ordovician odyssey: Short papers for the seventh international symposium on the Ordovician system (SEPM Book 77)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Seventh International Symposium on the Ordovician System","conferenceDate":"June 12, 1995","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV","language":"English","publisher":"Pacific Section, Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM)","publisherLocation":"Fullerton, CA","isbn":"1-878861-70-0","usgsCitation":"Harris, A.G., Dumoulin, J.A., Repetski, J.E., and Carter, C., 1995, Correlation of Ordovician rocks of northern Alaska, <i>in</i> Ordovician odyssey: Short papers for the seventh international symposium on the Ordovician system (SEPM Book 77), Las Vegas, NV, June 12, 1995, p. 21-26.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"26","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341363,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341362,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/pac_sepm/094/094001/pdfs/21.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591c0fcfe4b0a7fdb43ddf18","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Cooper, John D.","contributorId":31380,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooper","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":25628,"text":"Geological Sciences, California State University Fullerton","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":695366,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Droser, Mary L.","contributorId":116714,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Droser","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7004,"text":"Department of Earth Sciences, University of California, Riverside","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":695367,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finney, Stanley C.","contributorId":167284,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Finney","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":24675,"text":"California State University at Long Beach","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":695368,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Harris, Anita G.","contributorId":50162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"Anita","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Repetski, John E. 0000-0002-2298-7120 jrepetski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2298-7120","contributorId":2596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Repetski","given":"John","email":"jrepetski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carter, Claire","contributorId":88336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Claire","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70188336,"text":"70188336 - 1995 - Stable isotopes in mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal systems: Interactions between fluids, minerals, and organisms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-06T12:53:31","indexId":"70188336","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Stable isotopes in mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal systems: Interactions between fluids, minerals, and organisms","docAbstract":"<p>Studies of abundance variations of light stable isotopes in nature have had a tremendous impact on all aspects of geochemistry since the development, in 1947, of a gas source isotope ratio mass spectrometer capable of measuring small variations in stable isotope ratios (Nice, 1947]. Stable isotope geochemistry is now a mature field, as witnessed by the proliferation of commercially available mass spectrometers installed at virtually every major academic, government, and private-sector research geochemistry laboratory. A recent search of a literature database revealed over 3,000 articles that utilized stable isotope geochemistry over the last 20 years. Nonetheless, many exciting new technical developments are leading to exciting new discoveries and applications. In particular, micro-analytical techniques involving new generations of laser- and ion-microprobes are revolutionizing the types of analyses that can be done on spot sizes as small as a few tens of micrometers [Shanks and Criss, 1989]. New generations of conventional gas source and thermal ionization mass spectrometers, with high levels of automation and increased sensitivity and precision, are allowing analyses of large numbers of samples, like those needed for stable isotope stratigraphy in marine sediments, and are enabling the development and application of new isotopic systems.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Seafloor hydrothermal systems: Physical, chemical, biological, and geological interactions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/GM091p0194","usgsCitation":"Shanks, W.C., Bohlke, J., and Seal,, R., 1995, Stable isotopes in mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal systems: Interactions between fluids, minerals, and organisms, chap. <i>of</i> Seafloor hydrothermal systems: Physical, chemical, biological, and geological interactions, p. 194-221, https://doi.org/10.1029/GM091p0194.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"194","endPage":"221","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342150,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-03-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5937bf32e4b0f6c2d0d9c7cd","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Humphries, S.D.","contributorId":21377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Humphries","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697271,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zierenberg, Robert A.","contributorId":91883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zierenberg","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697272,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mullineaux, Lauren S.","contributorId":17377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullineaux","given":"Lauren","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697273,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thomson, Richard E.","contributorId":192653,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomson","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697274,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Shanks, Wayne C. III","contributorId":53432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanks","given":"Wayne","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":191103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"J.K.","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seal,, Robert R. II 0000-0003-0901-2529 rseal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":141204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal,","given":"Robert R.","suffix":"II","email":"rseal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":85746,"text":"85746 - 1995 - Reptiles and amphibians in the endangered longleaf pine ecosystem","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":85746,"text":"85746 - 1995 - Reptiles and amphibians in the endangered longleaf pine ecosystem","indexId":"85746","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Reptiles and amphibians in the endangered longleaf pine ecosystem"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-18T16:08:48","indexId":"85746","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Reptiles and amphibians in the endangered longleaf pine ecosystem","docAbstract":"<p>The Coastal Plain of the southeastern United States contains a rich diversity of reptiles and amphibians (herpetofauna). Of the 290 species native to the Southeast, 170 (74 amphibians, 96 reptiles) are found within the range of the remnant longleaf pine (<i>Pinus palustris</i>) ecosystem (Fig. 1). Many of these species are not found elsewhere, particularly those amphibians that require temporary ponds for reproduction. Many Coastal Plain species are listed federally or by states as endangered or threatened or are candidates for listing (Fig. 1). Examples include the flatwoods salamander (<i>Ambystoma cingulatum</i>), striped newt (<i>Notophthalmus perstriatus</i>), Carolina and dusky gopher frogs (<i>Rana capito capito </i>and <i>R.c. sevosa</i>), eastern indigo snake (<i>Drymarchon corais couperi</i>), gopher tortoise (<i>Gopherus polyphemus), </i>eastern diamondback rattlesnake (<i>Crotalus adamanteus</i>), and Florida pine snake (<i>Pituophis melanoleucus mugitus</i>).</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Biological Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Dodd, C.K., 1995, Reptiles and amphibians in the endangered longleaf pine ecosystem, chap. <i>of</i> Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems, p. 129-131.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"131","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127750,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339896,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.webharvest.gov/peth04/20041019015728/https://biology.usgs.gov/s+t/index.htm","linkHelpText":"Archived website"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66c9e2","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"LaRoe, Edward T.","contributorId":112276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaRoe","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504731,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farris, Gaye S.","contributorId":84410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farris","given":"Gaye","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":504734,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Puckett, Catherine E. cpuckett@usgs.gov","contributorId":4629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckett","given":"Catherine","email":"cpuckett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":504732,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doran, Peter D.","contributorId":17533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504733,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mac, Michael J.","contributorId":16772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mac","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504730,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Dodd, C. Kenneth Jr.","contributorId":89215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodd","given":"C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kenneth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70189791,"text":"70189791 - 1995 - Release strategies for rehabilitated sea otters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-25T16:08:04","indexId":"70189791","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"10","title":"Release strategies for rehabilitated sea otters","docAbstract":"<p>According to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services’ (USFWS) Response Plan for sea otters (USFWS, in preparation), in the event of an oil spill, <i>the decision to release sea otters from rehabilitation centers following treatment will be linked to the decision on whether to capture sea otters for treatment</i>. Assuming a scenario similar to the <i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill (EVOS), once the decision to capture sea otters is made, the ultimate goal is to return as many sea otters to the wild as possible, <i>even though the rescue may not be expected to produce results significant at the population level. The decision by the USFWS to proceed with capture, rehabilitation, and release will be made on a case-by-case basis</i> (USFWS, in preparation). Many factors will influence the decision. Perhaps the most important factors in deciding when and where to release sea otters are the location and availability of suitable release sites and verification that the otters are free of diseases that might be transmitted to the wild population.</p><p>Alternative release strategies for sea otters will be contained in the sea otter response portion of the USFWS’s oil spill contingency plans for Alaska and California that are being developed as required by the Oil Pollution Act of 1990. Public review of these plans before they are implemented will help to reduce public concern about the survival of rehabilitated otters, their biological effect on the release area, and the potential introduction or spread of disease into the wild sea otter population.</p><p>The objective of this chapter is to review alternative strategies for the disposition of rehabilitated sea otters. Our assumption is that returning as many animals to the wild as possible, whether it be for humanitarian or biological reasons, is the ultimate goal of this effort (Figure 10.1).</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Emergency care and rehabilitation of oiled sea otters: A guide for oil spils involving fur-bearing marine mammals","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Alaska Press","publisherLocation":"Fairbanks, AK","isbn":"0-912006-77-3","usgsCitation":"DeGange, A.R., Ballachey, B.E., and Bayha, K., 1995, Release strategies for rehabilitated sea otters, chap. 10 <i>of</i> Emergency care and rehabilitation of oiled sea otters: A guide for oil spils involving fur-bearing marine mammals, p. 141-151.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"141","endPage":"151","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344304,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"597858b5e4b0ec1a488a0915","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Williams, Terrie M.","contributorId":191735,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"Terrie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706392,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, Randall W.","contributorId":131160,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"Randall","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706393,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"DeGange, Anthony R. tdegange@usgs.gov","contributorId":139765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeGange","given":"Anthony","email":"tdegange@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":706394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ballachey, Brenda E. 0000-0003-1855-9171 bballachey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1855-9171","contributorId":2966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballachey","given":"Brenda","email":"bballachey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bayha, Keith","contributorId":30270,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bayha","given":"Keith","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":706396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":85341,"text":"85341 - 1995 - Northern pintail","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:02","indexId":"85341","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Northern pintail","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Birds of North America 163","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Birds of North America, Inc.","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","usgsCitation":"Austin, J.E., and Miller, M.R., 1995, Northern pintail, chap. <i>of</i> Birds of North America 163, 32 pp.","productDescription":"32 pp.","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127762,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696c6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Austin, J. E.","contributorId":5999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Austin","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, M. R.","contributorId":19104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":85339,"text":"85339 - 1995 - Migratory bird population changes in North Dakota","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":85339,"text":"85339 - 1995 - Migratory bird population changes in North Dakota","indexId":"85339","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Migratory bird population changes in North Dakota"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-27T11:30:03","indexId":"85339","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Migratory bird population changes in North Dakota","docAbstract":"<p>The status of migratory bird populations in North America has received increased attention in recent years. Much of this consideration has been on Neotropical migrants, especially those associated with eastern forests. The status of migratory bird populations in the Great Plains has received far less attention. During the past quarter-century, populations of many species of birds that breed in the northern Great Plains have increased or declined, as indicated by trends from the North American Breeding Bird Survey.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p>In 1967 Stewart and Kantrud (1972) conducted a survey of breeding bird populations throughout North Dakota. This study offered a rare glimpse of bird populations breeding in the northern Great Plains as well as important baseline data on breeding bird populations. These data help us evaluate relationships between birds and habitat conditions. We repeated the survey to compare bird populations in North Dakota during 1967 with those in 1992 and 1993.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Biological Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Igl, L.D., and Johnson, D.H., 1995, Migratory bird population changes in North Dakota, chap. <i>of</i> Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems, p. 298-300.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"298","endPage":"300","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127761,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339916,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.webharvest.gov/peth04/20041019015728/https://biology.usgs.gov/s+t/index.htm","linkHelpText":"Archived website"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db6355a0","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"LaRoe, Edward T.","contributorId":112276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaRoe","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504422,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farris, Gaye S.","contributorId":84410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farris","given":"Gaye","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":504425,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Puckett, Catherine E. cpuckett@usgs.gov","contributorId":4629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckett","given":"Catherine","email":"cpuckett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":504423,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doran, Peter D.","contributorId":17533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504424,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mac, Michael J.","contributorId":16772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mac","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504421,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Igl, Lawrence D. 0000-0003-0530-7266 ligl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-7266","contributorId":2381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Igl","given":"Lawrence","email":"ligl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641 douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":1387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":85338,"text":"85338 - 1995 - Duck nest success in the prairie potholes","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":85338,"text":"85338 - 1995 - Duck nest success in the prairie potholes","indexId":"85338","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Duck nest success in the prairie potholes"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-29T13:20:06","indexId":"85338","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Duck nest success in the prairie potholes","docAbstract":"<p>Since the early 1970's, the numbers of some waterfowl species such as mallard (<i>Anas platyrhynchos</i>), blue-winged teal (<i>A. discors</i>), and northern pintail (<i>A. acuta</i>) have reached or nearly reached the lowest ever recorded. Low nest success (the proportion of nests in which one or more eggs hatch) in key breeding areas, including the U.S. Prairie Pothole region, is partly responsible for declines in duck numbers (Klett et al. 1988; Johnson et al. 1992).</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Biological Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Shaffer, T.L., and Newton, W.E., 1995, Duck nest success in the prairie potholes, chap. <i>of</i> Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems, p. 300-302.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"300","endPage":"302","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127758,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339917,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.webharvest.gov/peth04/20041019015728/https://biology.usgs.gov/s+t/index.htm","linkHelpText":"Archived website"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Prairie Pothole Region","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5ee4b07f02db633b6f","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"LaRoe, Edward T.","contributorId":112276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaRoe","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504417,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farris, Gaye S.","contributorId":84410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farris","given":"Gaye","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":504420,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Puckett, Catherine E. cpuckett@usgs.gov","contributorId":4629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckett","given":"Catherine","email":"cpuckett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":504418,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doran, Peter D.","contributorId":17533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504419,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mac, Michael J.","contributorId":16772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mac","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504416,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Shaffer, Terry L. 0000-0001-6950-8951 tshaffer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6950-8951","contributorId":3192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"Terry","email":"tshaffer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newton, Wesley E. 0000-0002-1377-043X wnewton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1377-043X","contributorId":3661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"Wesley","email":"wnewton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":85959,"text":"85959 - 1995 - Movements, distribution, and population dynamics of polar bears in the Beaufort Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:00","indexId":"85959","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":21,"text":"Thesis"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":28,"text":"Thesis"},"title":"Movements, distribution, and population dynamics of polar bears in the Beaufort Sea","language":"English","publisher":"University of Alaska","publisherLocation":"Fairbanks, AK","usgsCitation":"Amstrup, S.C., 1995, Movements, distribution, and population dynamics of polar bears in the Beaufort Sea, 299.","productDescription":"299","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127967,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648696","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":296682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":85658,"text":"85658 - 1995 - Biota of the upper Mississippi River ecosystem","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":85658,"text":"85658 - 1995 - Biota of the upper Mississippi River ecosystem","indexId":"85658","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Biota of the upper Mississippi River ecosystem"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-18T16:32:54","indexId":"85658","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Biota of the upper Mississippi River ecosystem","docAbstract":"<p>The Mississippi River is one of the world's major river systems in size, habitat and biotic diversity, and biotic productivity. The navigable Upper Mississippi River, extending 1,370 km (850 mi) from St. Anthony Falls (Minnesota) to the confluence with the Ohio River, has been impounded by 27 locks and dams to enhance commercial navigation. The reach between two consecutive locks and dams is termed a \"pool.\" The upstream portions of many pools are similar to the unimpounded river, whereas the downstream reaches are similar to reservoirs.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Biological Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Wiener, J.G., Naimo, T.J., Korschgen, C.E., Dahlgren, R., Sauer, J.S., Lubinski, K.S., Rogers, S.J., and Brewer, S., 1995, Biota of the upper Mississippi River ecosystem, chap. <i>of</i> Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems, p. 236-239.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"236","endPage":"239","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest 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,{"id":85332,"text":"85332 - 1995 - Water-use efficiency as monitored by dendrochemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-16T09:57:56","indexId":"85332","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Water-use efficiency as monitored by dendrochemistry","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tree rings as indicators of ecosystem health","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press, Inc.","publisherLocation":"London, UK","usgsCitation":"Guyette, R., and Cutter, B., 1995, Water-use efficiency as monitored by dendrochemistry, chap. <i>of</i> Tree rings as indicators of ecosystem health, p. 95-122.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"95","endPage":"122","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127735,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4c39","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Lewis, T.E.","contributorId":55926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504400,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Guyette, R.P.","contributorId":10746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guyette","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cutter, B.E.","contributorId":30935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cutter","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":81438,"text":"81438 - 1995 - Status and future of Lake Huron fish communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:57","indexId":"81438","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Status and future of Lake Huron fish communities","docAbstract":"In 1993, fishery management agencies with jurisdiction over Lake Huron fish populations developed draft fish community objectives in response to the Joint Strategic Plan for Management of Great Lakes Fisheries.  The Joint Strategic Plan charged the Great Lakes Fishery Commission sponsored Lake Huron Committee to define objectives for what the fish community of Lake Huron should look like in the future, and to develop means for measuring progress toward the objectives.  The overall management objective for Lake Huron is to 'over the next two decades restore an ecologically balanced fish community dominated by top predators and consisting largely of self-sustaining, indigenous and naturalized species and capable of sustaining annual harvests of 8.9 million kg'.  This paper represents the first attempt at consolidating current biological information from different management agencies on a lake-wide basis for the purpose of assessing the current status and dynamics of Lake Huron fishes.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Lake Huron ecosystem: ecology, fisheries and management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"SPB Academic Publishing","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","usgsCitation":"Ebener, M., Johnson, J., Reid, D., Payne, N., Argyle, R., Wright, G., Krueger, K., Baker, J., Morse, T., and Weise, J., 1995, Status and future of Lake Huron fish communities, chap. <i>of</i> The Lake Huron ecosystem: ecology, fisheries and management, p. 125-169.","productDescription":"p. 125-169","startPage":"125","endPage":"169","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128208,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699e73","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Munawar, M.","contributorId":79835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munawar","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504090,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edsall, T.","contributorId":8792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edsall","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504089,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leach, J.","contributorId":113619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leach","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504091,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Ebener, M.P.","contributorId":93422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebener","given":"M.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, J.E.","contributorId":44857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reid, D.M.","contributorId":18304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Payne, N.P.","contributorId":88682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"N.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Argyle, R.L.","contributorId":103614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Argyle","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wright, G.M.","contributorId":104851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Krueger, K.","contributorId":44104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krueger","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Baker, J.P.","contributorId":95418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Morse, T.","contributorId":16351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morse","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Weise, J.","contributorId":93423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weise","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":81441,"text":"81441 - 1995 - Patterns of egg deposition by lake trout and lake whitefish at Tawas artificial Reef, Lake Huron, 1990-1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:58","indexId":"81441","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Patterns of egg deposition by lake trout and lake whitefish at Tawas artificial Reef, Lake Huron, 1990-1993","docAbstract":"In August 1987, the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR), with the help and co-sponsorship of Walleyes for Iosco County, constructed Tawas artificial reef to improve recreational fishing in Tawas Bay.  Post-construction assessment in October, 1987, by the MDNR found twice as many adult lake trout in a gill net set on the reef as in a similar net set off the reef, indicating that lake trout already had begun to investigate this new habitat.  Similar netting efforts in October 1989 caught three times as many adults on the reef as off it, even though the on-reef net was set for less than one third as long a period.  Using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV), we detected prespawning aggregations of lake trout on the reef in fall 1989, and MDNR biologists set emergent fly traps on the reef in April-May 1990-1991.  These fry traps captured several newly emerged lake trout and lake whitefish fry, demonstrating that eggs of both species has hatched successfully.  Gill netting in 1992-1993 by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service biologists netted large numbers of ripe lake trout in late October and ripe lake whitefish in early to mid-November.  The purpose of this paper is to describe the relative quantities of eggs deposited and the spatial patterns of egg deposition by lake trout and lake whitefish at Tawas artificial reef during 1990-1993.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Lake Huron ecosystem: ecology, fisheries, and management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"SPB Academic Publishing","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","usgsCitation":"Foster, N., and Kennedy, G., 1995, Patterns of egg deposition by lake trout and lake whitefish at Tawas artificial Reef, Lake Huron, 1990-1993, chap. <i>of</i> The Lake Huron ecosystem: ecology, fisheries, and management, p. 191-206.","productDescription":"p. 191-206","startPage":"191","endPage":"206","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128165,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db688a88","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Munawar, M.","contributorId":79835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munawar","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504098,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edsall, T.","contributorId":8792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edsall","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504097,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leach, J.","contributorId":113619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leach","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504099,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Foster, N.R.","contributorId":15135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"N.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennedy, G.W. 0000-0003-1686-6960","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1686-6960","contributorId":86291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"G.W.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":295379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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