The Baltimore Canyon Trough, lying offshore from the United States Middle Atlantic States, contains a thickness of at least 14 km of marine and nonmarine sedimentary rocks. One deep offshore stratigraphic test (COST B-2 well), several wells on the coastal plain, 18 shallow core holes (Deep Sea Drilling Project, Atlantic Slope Project, and Atlantic Margin Coring Project) on the continental shelf and slope, and scattered oceanographic cores and dredgings provide rich foraminiferal assemblages from which the geologic age and depositional environments have been determined. The oldest sedimentary rocks penetrated are Upper Jurassic terrigenous sandstone and shale, which are interspersed with shallow-marine limestone. Lower Cretaceous rocks, where penetrated, are also chiefly terrigenous sandstone and shale, but Upper Cretaceous rocks are progressively more marine. Paleogene strata reflect even deeper marine conditions (bathyal carbonate deposits in the B-2 well). In the Neogene, terrigenous clastic deposits replaced the Paieogene carbonate sequences throughout the trough. Deposition began with thick (>800 m) deltaic beds in the Miocene and Pliocene and culminated in sandy and, in many places, nonfofesiHferous strata of the Pleistocene shelf. Surprisingly thick (>300 m) silty and sandy clay composes the Pleistocene section on the continental slope. These stratigraphic and paleoecologic relations are graphically illustrated in eight geologic cross sections parallel with and perpendicular to the axis of the trough.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/2F9185BD-16CE-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Poag, C., 1979, Stratigraphy and depositional environments of Baltimore Canyon Trough: AAPG Bulletin, v. 63, no. 9, p. 1452-1466, https://doi.org/10.1306/2F9185BD-16CE-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1452","endPage":"1466","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376071,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mid-Atlantic United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.046875,\n 35.817813158696616\n ],\n [\n -75.673828125,\n 34.813803317113155\n ],\n [\n -70.751953125,\n 40.111688665595956\n ],\n [\n -76.2890625,\n 41.47566020027821\n ],\n [\n -78.046875,\n 35.817813158696616\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"63","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poag, Claude (Wylie) 0000-0002-6240-4065 wpoag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6240-4065","contributorId":195779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poag","given":"Claude (Wylie)","email":"wpoag@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5221475,"text":"5221475 - 1979 - Organochlorine residues in eggs of the endangered American crocodile (Crocodylus acutus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-13T07:34:39","indexId":"5221475","displayToPublicDate":"1979-06-16T12:19:14","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organochlorine residues in eggs of the endangered American crocodile (Crocodylus acutus)","docAbstract":"Most of the 27 species and subspecies of surviving crocodilians have declining populations and 22 of them are considered to be severely endangered (IUCN 1971). The United States population of the American Crocodile is no exception; it probably numbers between I00 and 300 individuals (OGDEN 1976). Nests of the species have been regularly surveyed by the staff of Everglades National Park. Our sample consists of eggs that remained in nests after the hatching of broods and of one clutch laid in captivity by an unmated female. Analysis of these samples for organochlorine contaminants has permitted a detailed examination of their contaminant loads and has allowed comparisons with a small sample analyzed in 1972 (OGDEN et al. 1973).
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01769921","usgsCitation":"Hall, R., Kaiser, T., Robertson, W.B., and Patty, P., 1979, Organochlorine residues in eggs of the endangered American crocodile (Crocodylus acutus): Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 23, no. 1/2, p. 87-90, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01769921.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"87","endPage":"90","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196994,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18126,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.springerlink.com/content/r77x671k1q7670ur/?p=667827d878244291bff0b54c7a1b66c1&pi=15","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.71630859375,\n 25.075648445630527\n ],\n [\n -80.52429199218749,\n 25.075648445630527\n ],\n [\n -80.52429199218749,\n 25.997549919572112\n ],\n [\n -81.71630859375,\n 25.997549919572112\n ],\n [\n -81.71630859375,\n 25.075648445630527\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"1/2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a745","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, R.J.","contributorId":32885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kaiser, T. E.","contributorId":75486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaiser","given":"T. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robertson, W. B.","contributorId":84035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Patty, P.C.","contributorId":89255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patty","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5221481,"text":"5221481 - 1979 - Relation of environmental factors to breeding status of royal and sandwich terns in South Carolina, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-24T10:14:31","indexId":"5221481","displayToPublicDate":"1979-06-16T12:19:12","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relation of environmental factors to breeding status of royal and sandwich terns in South Carolina, USA","docAbstract":"The population ecology of the royal tern Sterna maxima and sandwich tern Sterna sandvicensis was investigated in South Carolina from 1970 through 1977. Royal and sandwich terns nested together in all of the colonies that we located.
The peak in egg laying usually occurred in early May; peak hatching occurred from late May to mid-June. Clutch size for both species was one egg. Tidal flooding was the major factor in egg loss.
The breeding population was 15,499 pairs in 1974 and 18,096 pairs in 1975; sandvicensis made up about 5% of the breeding population. The average number of young fledged per nest ranged from 0·36 to 0·44.
Residues of organochlorine pollutants in most eggs and tissues were low and posed no identifiable threat to the terns. There was a decline in DDE and dieldrin residues in eggs of maxima.
The future of royal and sandwich terns in South Carolina seems fairly secure as the population is apparently at or near carrying capacity and most of the major nesting sites are dedicated to protection of nesting birds.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0006-3207(79)90056-9","usgsCitation":"Blus, L.J., Prouty, R.M., and Neely, B., 1979, Relation of environmental factors to breeding status of royal and sandwich terns in South Carolina, USA: Biological Conservation, v. 16, no. 4, p. 301-320, https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(79)90056-9.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"301","endPage":"320","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193414,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Bird Bank, Bird Key, Cape Island, Deveaux Bank, Egg Bank, Joyner Bank, Marsh Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.771484375,\n 32.2313896627376\n ],\n [\n -80.67260742187499,\n 32.0732655510424\n ],\n [\n -79.090576171875,\n 33.14675022877648\n ],\n [\n -79.3487548828125,\n 33.261656767328006\n ],\n [\n -80.826416015625,\n 32.33355894864106\n ],\n [\n -80.771484375,\n 32.2313896627376\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db685645","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blus, L. J.","contributorId":38116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blus","given":"L.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prouty, R. M.","contributorId":31349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prouty","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neely, B.S. Jr.","contributorId":45019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neely","given":"B.S.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70209943,"text":"70209943 - 1979 - The determination of snow avalanche frequency through tree-ring analysis and historical records at Ophir, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-06T18:28:45.19255","indexId":"70209943","displayToPublicDate":"1979-05-06T13:24:19","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The determination of snow avalanche frequency through tree-ring analysis and historical records at Ophir, Colorado","docAbstract":"Tree-ring analysis can be a reliable method of determining past snow avalanche events when good historical records are lacking. Characteristic features in the tree-ring record indicative of disturbance include: (1) the occurrence of reaction wood, (2) abrupt changes in growth rate, (3) age of scars caused by avalanche impact, (4) age of trees in reforested tracks, and (5) examination of a “new leader.”
This study was conducted at the town of Ophir, a small community in southwestern Colorado with a severe snow avalanche hazard. Historical records indicate that snow avalanches reached the town, or its vicinity, four times during this century (1918, 1951, 1958, and 1959). Tree-ring analysis substantiated this record in part and produced evidence of at least one additional event (middle to late 1880s). From this combined information, the recurrence interval for major snow avalanches capable of endangering the town is thought to be at least as frequent as once in 20 yr. The limitations of tree-ring analysis encountered in this study are also discussed.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1979)90<773:TDOSAF>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Carrara, P.E., 1979, The determination of snow avalanche frequency through tree-ring analysis and historical records at Ophir, Colorado: GSA Bulletin, v. 90, no. 8, p. 773-780, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1979)90<773:TDOSAF>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"773","endPage":"780","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374496,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Ophir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.094482421875,\n 37.64794668685352\n ],\n [\n -107.61932373046875,\n 37.64794668685352\n ],\n [\n -107.61932373046875,\n 37.99291593373803\n ],\n [\n -108.094482421875,\n 37.99291593373803\n ],\n [\n -108.094482421875,\n 37.64794668685352\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"90","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carrara, Paul E. pcarrara@usgs.gov","contributorId":1342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carrara","given":"Paul","email":"pcarrara@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70209995,"text":"70209995 - 1979 - Results of a reconnaissance microearthquake survey of Bucaramanga, Colombia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-08T13:51:02.825725","indexId":"70209995","displayToPublicDate":"1979-02-08T08:38:52","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Results of a reconnaissance microearthquake survey of Bucaramanga, Colombia","docAbstract":"Six University of Wisconsin portable, continuously‐recording seismographs were operated for 3½ days in late 1976 in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia in a 200‐km‐diameter array around Bucaramanga, where there are also three permanent stations of the Instituto Geofísico de Los Andes Colombianos. Twenty‐seven microearthquakes were recorded. Most can be well located. Only one event, located along the eastern boundary of the Eastern Cordillera, is at crustal depths. At least two events, beneath the western half of the Eastern Cordillera, are 110‐115 km in depth.
Twenty earthquakes are associated with the Bucaramanga nest (6.83°N, 73.12°W), at a depth of 158 ± 4 km. For these well‐recorded events, relative arrival times between stations vary by up to ± 0.3 sec, and the epicentral area is 4‐5 km in diameter. The complex character of these seismograms, compared with those from 110‐115 km depth events outside the nest, suggests either complexity in the rupture process or, more likely, multi‐pathing which originates near the source region.
For the upper mantle and crust above the nest, the average values for Q are about 450 for shear waves and probably over 1,000 for compressional waves, suggesting that the rays travel through lithospheric material for their entire path. If the two events at intermediate depths outside the nest and the nest lie at the same horizon within the same slab, they define a slab that strikes N‐S and dips to the east at 33°.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/GL006i002p00065","usgsCitation":"Pennington, W., Mooney, W.D., van Hissenhoven, R., Meyer, H., Ramirez, J., and Meyer, R.P., 1979, Results of a reconnaissance microearthquake survey of Bucaramanga, Colombia: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 6, no. 2, p. 65-68, https://doi.org/10.1029/GL006i002p00065.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"65","endPage":"68","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374572,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Colombia","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-75.37322,-0.15203],[-75.80147,0.0848],[-76.29231,0.41605],[-76.57638,0.25694],[-77.42498,0.39569],[-77.66861,0.82589],[-77.85506,0.80993],[-78.85526,1.38092],[-78.99094,1.69137],[-78.61783,1.7664],[-78.66212,2.26736],[-78.42761,2.62956],[-77.93154,2.69661],[-77.51043,3.32502],[-77.12769,3.84964],[-77.49627,4.08761],[-77.3076,4.66798],[-77.53322,5.58281],[-77.31882,5.84535],[-77.47666,6.69112],[-77.88157,7.22377],[-77.75341,7.70984],[-77.43111,7.63806],[-77.24257,7.93528],[-77.47472,8.52429],[-77.35336,8.6705],[-76.83667,8.63875],[-76.08638,9.33682],[-75.6746,9.44325],[-75.6647,9.774],[-75.48043,10.61899],[-74.9069,11.08304],[-74.27675,11.10204],[-74.19722,11.31047],[-73.41476,11.22702],[-72.62784,11.73197],[-72.23819,11.95555],[-71.75409,12.4373],[-71.39982,12.37604],[-71.13746,12.11298],[-71.33158,11.77628],[-71.97392,11.60867],[-72.22758,11.1087],[-72.61466,10.82198],[-72.90529,10.45034],[-73.0276,9.73677],[-73.30495,9.152],[-72.78873,9.08503],[-72.66049,8.62529],[-72.43986,8.40528],[-72.3609,8.00264],[-72.47968,7.63251],[-72.44449,7.42378],[-72.19835,7.34043],[-71.96018,6.99161],[-70.67423,7.08778],[-70.09331,6.96038],[-69.38948,6.09986],[-68.98532,6.2068],[-68.26505,6.15327],[-67.69509,6.26732],[-67.34144,6.09547],[-67.52153,5.55687],[-67.7447,5.22113],[-67.82301,4.50394],[-67.62184,3.83948],[-67.33756,3.54234],[-67.30317,3.31845],[-67.80994,2.82066],[-67.44709,2.60028],[-67.18129,2.25064],[-66.87633,1.25336],[-67.06505,1.13011],[-67.26,1.72],[-67.53781,2.03716],[-67.86857,1.69246],[-69.81697,1.71481],[-69.8046,1.08908],[-69.21864,0.98568],[-69.25243,0.60265],[-69.4524,0.70616],[-70.01557,0.54141],[-70.02066,-0.18516],[-69.57707,-0.54999],[-69.42049,-1.12262],[-69.4441,-1.55629],[-69.89364,-4.29819],[-70.39404,-3.76659],[-70.69268,-3.74287],[-70.04771,-2.72516],[-70.81348,-2.25686],[-71.41365,-2.3428],[-71.77476,-2.16979],[-72.32579,-2.43422],[-73.07039,-2.30895],[-73.6595,-1.26049],[-74.1224,-1.00283],[-74.4416,-0.53082],[-75.10662,-0.05721],[-75.37322,-0.15203]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Colombia\"}}]}","volume":"6","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pennington, W.D.","contributorId":189995,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pennington","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"van Hissenhoven, Rene","contributorId":224612,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van Hissenhoven","given":"Rene","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meyer, H.","contributorId":67142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ramirez, J.E.","contributorId":224613,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ramirez","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Meyer, Robert P.","contributorId":69935,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meyer","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":788747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70207913,"text":"70207913 - 1979 - Regional deformation of the Sierra Nevada, California, on conjugate microfault sets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-17T16:09:44","indexId":"70207913","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-17T15:54:15","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional deformation of the Sierra Nevada, California, on conjugate microfault sets","docAbstract":"Strike slip microfaults are pervasive throughout the granitic rocks of the eastern Sierra Nevada. Offsets typically range from less than a millimeter to several tens of centimeters but exceed 100 m in some places. The spacing between microfaults varies from a few tens of centimeters to a few tens of meters throughout much of the high Sierra Nevada. Many of these microfaults are loci of slickensided, compact fault gouge, and they are commonly mineralized by quartz veinlets with minor amounts of epidote, chlorite, and rare sulphide minerals. The microfaults are oriented in two nearly vertical conjugate sets; a north to northeast striking set showing right lateral offset and an east to northeast striking set showing left lateral offset. Microfaults with left lateral offset are more common than microfaults with right lateral offset. Most lineaments visible on aerial photographs are microfaults. The age of this microfaulting is not precisely known. It developed after consolidation of the youngest granitic plutons in the Sierra (79 m.y. B.P.) and is known to cut a late Miocene volcanic dike in one area. Slickensides along the microfaults are subhorizontal but show a slight (about 3°) westward plunging average inclination, suggesting that much of the deformation occurred prior to the westward tilting of the Sierran block in late Tertiary time. The direction of maximum horizontal extensional strain (determined as the bisector of average microfault trends) changes systematically from north to south (WNW at 38.5°N; NW at 36.5°N). A pure shear constant volume solution based on a detailed study of microfaults at 37°20′N indicates a maximum extension of 2.3% in a N61°W direction. These extension directions are remarkably parallel to late Mesozoic to present‐day tectonic extension directions in the Basin and Range province. The pattern of microfaulting demonstrates that the supposedly monolithic Sierran terrane was also affected by the late Cenozoic and possibly earlier regional extension of western North America and provides an independent criterion for determining extensional strain directions.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB084iB11p06041","usgsCitation":"Lockwood, J.P., and Moore, J.G., 1979, Regional deformation of the Sierra Nevada, California, on conjugate microfault sets: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 84, no. B11, p. 6041-6049, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB084iB11p06041.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"6041","endPage":"6049","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371368,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.47607421874999,\n 35.99578538642032\n ],\n [\n -117.46582031249999,\n 35.99578538642032\n ],\n [\n -117.46582031249999,\n 39.639537564366684\n ],\n [\n -120.47607421874999,\n 39.639537564366684\n ],\n [\n -120.47607421874999,\n 35.99578538642032\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"84","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lockwood, J. P.","contributorId":104473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockwood","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, James G. 0000-0002-7543-2401 jmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7543-2401","contributorId":2892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"James","email":"jmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70197189,"text":"70197189 - 1979 - Assessing Metallic Resources in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-21T15:37:07","indexId":"70197189","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":743,"text":"American Scientist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing Metallic Resources in Alaska","docAbstract":"In the last two decades federal and state governments have become in creasingly preoccupied with classi fying public lands according to the uses that may be made of them. One outcome of the classifying can be a change in the land's legal status from one in which any use is tolerated to one in which only selected activities are allowed. Since such a change af fects the economic and recreational opportunities of individuals and in stitutions, a variety of interest groups have developed to follow and influ ence the classifying process. Perhaps nowhere has the process been more closely scrutinized or more hotly de bated than in Alaska, where land-use decisions for much of the state's 375 million acres are being made.
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\"}}]}","volume":"67","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b15c887e4b092d9651e23df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singer, Donald A. dsinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":5601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"Donald","email":"dsinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":735952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ovenshine, A. Thomas","contributorId":28989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ovenshine","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012527,"text":"70012527 - 1979 - Worth of data and natural disaster insurance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-05T12:28:24","indexId":"70012527","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Worth of data and natural disaster insurance","docAbstract":"The Federal Government in the past has provided medical and economic aid to victims of earthquakes and floods. However, regulating the use of hazard-prone areas would probably be more efficient. One way to implement such land use regulation is through the national flood and earthquake insurance program. Because insurance firms base their premium rates on available information, the benefits from additional data used to improve parameter estimates of the probability distribution (governing actual disaster events) can be computed by computing changes in the premiums as a function of additional data. An insurance firm is assumed to set rates so as to trade off penalties of overestimation and underestimation of expected damages. A Bayesian preposterior analysis is applied to determine the worth of additional data, as measured by changes in consumers’ surplus, by examining the effects of changes in premiums as a function of a longer hydrologic record.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR015i006p01763","usgsCitation":"Attanasi, E.D., and Karlinger, M., 1979, Worth of data and natural disaster insurance: Water Resources Research, v. 15, no. 6, p. 1763-1766, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR015i006p01763.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1763","endPage":"1766","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222727,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd1dbe4b08c986b32f5b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Attanasi, E. D. 0000-0001-6845-7160","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":107672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"E.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karlinger, M.R.","contributorId":95039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karlinger","given":"M.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1001423,"text":"1001423 - 1979 - Estimating nest success: The Mayfield method and an alternative","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-27T12:42:32","indexId":"1001423","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating nest success: The Mayfield method and an alternative","docAbstract":"Mayfield's method for calculating the success of a group of nests is examined in detail. The standard error of his estimator is developed. Mayfield's assumption that destroyed nests are at risk until the midpoint of the interval between visits leads to bias if nests are visited infrequently. A remedy is suggested, the Mayfield-40% method. I also present a competing model, which recognizes that the actual destruction date of a failed nest is unknown. Estimated daily mortality rates and standard errors are developed under this model. A comparison of the original Mayfield method, the Mayfield-40% method, and the new method, which incorporates an unknown date of destruction, shows that the original or modified Mayfield method performs nearly as well as the more appropriate method and requires far easier calculations. A technique for statistically comparing daily mortality rates is offered; the one proposed by Dow (1978) is claimed to be misleading. Finally, I give a method for detecting heterogeneity among nests and an improved estimator, if it is found.","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Johnson, D.H., 1979, Estimating nest success: The Mayfield method and an alternative: The Auk, v. 96, no. 4, p. 651-661.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"651","endPage":"661","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129279,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341286,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4085651"}],"volume":"96","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db64869e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641 douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":1387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":311014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012452,"text":"70012452 - 1979 - An algol program for dissimilarity analysis: a divisive-omnithetic clustering technique","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-21T15:56:31","indexId":"70012452","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An algol program for dissimilarity analysis: a divisive-omnithetic clustering technique","docAbstract":"Clustering techniques are used properly to generate hypotheses about patterns in data. Of the hierarchical techniques, those which are divisive and omnithetic possess many theoretically optimal properties. One such method, dissimilarity analysis, is implemented here in ALGOL 60, and determined to be competitive computationally with most other methods. ?? 1979.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0098-3004(79)90014-1","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Tipper, J., 1979, An algol program for dissimilarity analysis: a divisive-omnithetic clustering technique: Computers & Geosciences, v. 5, no. 1, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(79)90014-1.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266198,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(79)90014-1"},{"id":222479,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9e9e4b0c8380cd48510","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tipper, J.C.","contributorId":67648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tipper","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1007420,"text":"1007420 - 1979 - Population differentiation along a flood frequency gradient: Physiological adaptations to flooding in Nyssa sylvatica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-11T16:55:23.563983","indexId":"1007420","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1459,"text":"Ecological Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population differentiation along a flood frequency gradient: Physiological adaptations to flooding in Nyssa sylvatica","docAbstract":"Throughout the southeastern United States the hardwood Nyssa sylvatica (sensu lato) is distributed along a soil moisture gradient from upland sites, which are never flooded, to floodplains, which are periodically flooded and drained to permanently flooded swamps. Population differentiation with respect to flood tolerance and related physiological attributes was investigated using 1—year—old seedlings grown in a greenhouse from seed collected along this gradient. Upland plants were very intolerant of flooded soils. Their root systems deteriorated, root respiration rates dropped and, after a year under such conditions, survival was poor and those that did remain were greatly stunted and had accumulated large concentrations of many nutrient elements. In contrast swamp plants were quite tolerant of flooded soils. Upon flooding, parts of the orginal root system were lost but new roots were initiated which had an increased capacity for alcoholic fermentation. Many of these new roots were more succulent, larger in diameter, and less branched than drained roots. Such succulent roots however were only a temporary response to short—term flooding; plants flooded for a year did not have such roots, rather the root system superficially resembled drained roots. Concomitant with this return to drained—like roots was an increase in internal oxygen transport to the roots and a drop in alcoholic fermentation. Floodplain plants under drained conditions allocated less biomass to roots than to shoots and had high respiration rates, traits similar to upland plants. Under flooded conditions they initiated new roots with medium respiration rates, allocated less biomass to roots than to shoots, significantly increased oxygen transport to the roots and had high survival, traits similar to swamp plants. Thus, the floodplain population produced a distinctly flood—tolerant phenotype; but not nearly as tolerant of flooded conditions as the swamp phenotype. Floodplain plants differed from swamp plants in transporting less oxygen to the roots under drained conditions, initiating fewer succulent—type roots and not accelerating alcoholic fermentation upon flooding and after a year under flooded conditions having less total biomass, less oxygen transport to the roots and a greater accumulation of Fe and Mn in the roots. The floodplain plants apparently have been selected to be similar to upland plants under drained conditions and swamp plants under flooding and one consequence of this is that their tolerance of flooded conditions is intermediate. It is argued that one of the more important trade—offs in adapting to flooded conditions is that high internal oxygen transport carries with it a ‘cost’ in terms of excessive water loss under water stress conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.2307/1942574","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J.E., 1979, Population differentiation along a flood frequency gradient: Physiological adaptations to flooding in Nyssa sylvatica: Ecological Monographs, v. 49, p. 89-108, https://doi.org/10.2307/1942574.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"108","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130442,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db6841be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":315306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012620,"text":"70012620 - 1979 - Seismic gaps and source zones of recent large earthquakes in coastal Peru","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:07","indexId":"70012620","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3209,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic gaps and source zones of recent large earthquakes in coastal Peru","docAbstract":"The earthquakes of central coastal Peru occur principally in two distinct zones of shallow earthquake activity that are inland of and parallel to the axis of the Peru Trench. The interface-thrust (IT) zone includes the great thrust-fault earthquakes of 17 October 1966 and 3 October 1974. The coastal-plate interior (CPI) zone includes the great earthquake of 31 May 1970, and is located about 50 km inland of and 30 km deeper than the interface thrust zone. The occurrence of a large earthquake in one zone may not relieve elastic strain in the adjoining zone, thus complicating the application of the seismic gap concept to central coastal Peru. However, recognition of two seismic zones may facilitate detection of seismicity precursory to a large earthquake in a given zone; removal of probable CPI-zone earthquakes from plots of seismicity prior to the 1974 main shock dramatically emphasizes the high seismic activity near the rupture zone of that earthquake in the five years preceding the main shock. Other conclusions on the seismicity of coastal Peru that affect the application of the seismic gap concept to this region are: (1) Aftershocks of the great earthquakes of 1966, 1970, and 1974 occurred in spatially separated clusters. Some clusters may represent distinct small source regions triggered by the main shock rather than delimiting the total extent of main-shock rupture. The uncertainty in the interpretation of aftershock clusters results in corresponding uncertainties in estimates of stress drop and estimates of the dimensions of the seismic gap that has been filled by a major earthquake. (2) Aftershocks of the great thrust-fault earthquakes of 1966 and 1974 generally did not extend seaward as far as the Peru Trench. (3) None of the three great earthquakes produced significant teleseismic activity in the following month in the source regions of the other two earthquakes. The earthquake hypocenters that form the basis of this study were relocated using station adjustments computed by the method of joint hypocenter determination. ?? 1979 Birkha??user Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Birkha??user-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00876212","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Dewey, J.W., and Spence, W., 1979, Seismic gaps and source zones of recent large earthquakes in coastal Peru: Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH, v. 117, no. 6, p. 1148-1171, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00876212.","startPage":"1148","endPage":"1171","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222489,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205248,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00876212"}],"volume":"117","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b15e4b08c986b317597","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dewey, J. W.","contributorId":31008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dewey","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spence, W.","contributorId":7721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spence","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012488,"text":"70012488 - 1979 - Recent developments in uranium exploration using the U.S. Geological Survey's mobile helium detector","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-05T17:39:14.835472","indexId":"70012488","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent developments in uranium exploration using the U.S. Geological Survey's mobile helium detector","docAbstract":"A mobile mass spectrometer to measure He concentrations has been developed by the U.S. Geological Survey. This instrument has been tested in areas of known uranium deposits, and He anomalies have been found in both soil gas and water. A gas sample is collected in a hypodermic syringe, injected into the spectrometer, and analyzed for He. Over 100 analyses a day can be performed with a sensitivity of 10 parts per billion (ppb). One detailed study conducted in Weld County, Colorado, shows that values for He in soil gas can be contoured to outline an anomalous area and that the anomaly is displaced from the deposit in the direction of groundwater flow. Other studies include the Schwartzwalder uranium mine, Jefferson County, Colorado, where He anomalies may be related to geologic structure; near Ambrosia Lake, New Mexico, where the location of He anomalies are related to groundwater movement; and tests for diurnal effects showing only slight variations probably related to soil-moisture content. ?? 1979.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6742(79)90012-8","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"Reimer, G., Denton, E., Friedman, I., and Otton, J.K., 1979, Recent developments in uranium exploration using the U.S. Geological Survey's mobile helium detector: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 11, no. 1, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(79)90012-8.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222205,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a960be4b0c8380cd81d8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reimer, G.M.","contributorId":59800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimer","given":"G.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Denton, E.H.","contributorId":75144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denton","given":"E.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Friedman, I.","contributorId":95596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Otton, J. K.","contributorId":52589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otton","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70012315,"text":"70012315 - 1979 - Eolian features in the Western Desert of Egypt and some applications to Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-06T14:24:45.870425","indexId":"70012315","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Eolian features in the Western Desert of Egypt and some applications to Mars","docAbstract":"Relations of landform types to wind regimes, bedrock composition, sediment supply, and topography are shown by field studies and satellite photographs of the Western Desert of Egypt. This desert, which lies at the core of the largest hyperarid region on earth, provides analogs of Martian wind-formed features. These include sand dunes, alternating light and dark streaks, knob ‘shadows,’ and yardangs. Surface particles have been segregated by wind into deposits (dunes, sand sheets, and light streaks) that can be differentiated by their grain size distributions, surface shapes, and colors. Throughgoing sand of mostly fine to medium grain size is migrating southward in longitudinal dune belts and barchan chains whose long axes lie parallel to the prevailing northerly winds, but topographic variations such as scarps and depressions strongly influence the zones of deposition and dune morphology. Sand from the longitudinal dunes on the plains is commonly redistributed into barchans in the depressions. These barchans are generally simple crescents that are morphologically similar to many of the dunes seen on Viking orbiter pictures of the north polar sand sea on mars. Light streaks are depositional features consisting of dune belts and elongate sheets of coarse to medium sand and granules. Intervening dark streaks are erosional features consisting of strips of desert-varnished bedrock and lag gravel surfaces exposed between the sand deposits. The shape of both light and dark streaks is controlled by wind flow around topographic highs. Dark zones (shadows) in the lee of mountains, hills, and knobs are erosional products from the topographic highs; they change shape only in response to movement of the adjacent lighter-colored sand deposits. Streamlined yardangs carved in crystalline limestone constitute one of the largest yardang fields on earth. Yardangs occur also in sandstone of the Nubian Series and in lacustrine sediments. The variables that affect the patterns of wind erosion and deposition in the Western Desert are topographic effects on wind velocities and directions, resistance of the bedrock, sand supply, and climatic change with time; vegetation is essentially absent and is not a controlling factor.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB084iB14p08205","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"El-Baz, F., Breed, C.S., Grolier, M., and McCauley, J., 1979, Eolian features in the Western Desert of Egypt and some applications to Mars: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 84, no. B14, p. 8205-8221, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB084iB14p08205.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"8205","endPage":"8221","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222003,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"84","issue":"B14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a09ffe4b0c8380cd5214f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"El-Baz, F.","contributorId":32679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"El-Baz","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Breed, C. S.","contributorId":39809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breed","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grolier, M. J.","contributorId":46946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grolier","given":"M. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCauley, J.F.","contributorId":26310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCauley","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70012534,"text":"70012534 - 1979 - Beach-cusp formation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-16T15:05:27","indexId":"70012534","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Beach-cusp formation","docAbstract":"Field experiments on beach-cusp formation were undertaken to document how the cuspate form develops and to test the edge-wave hypothesis on the uniform spacing of cusps. These involved observations of cusps forming from an initially plane foreshore.
\nThe cuspate form was observed to be a product of swash modification of an intertidal beach ridge as follows. A ridge, cut by a series of channels quasi-equally spaced along its length, was deposited onto the lower foreshore. The ridge migrated shoreward with flood tide, while the longshore positions of the channels remained fixed. On ebb tide, changes in swash circulation over the ridge allowed the upwash to flow shoreward through the channels and the channel mouths were eroded progressively wider until adjacent mouths met, effecting a cuspate shape.
\nMeasured spacings of cusps, ranging in size from less than 1 m to more than 12 m, agree well with computed spacings due to either zero-mode subharmonic or zero-mode synchronous edge waves. Edge-wave-induced longshore variations in run up will cause water ponded behind a ridge to converge at points of low swash and flow seaward as relatively narrow currents eroding channels spaced at one edge-wave wavelength for synchronous edge waves or one half wavelength for subharmonic edge waves. The channels are subsequently modified into cusp troughs as described above.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(79)90100-2","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Sallenger, A.H., 1979, Beach-cusp formation: Marine Geology, v. 29, no. 1-4, p. 23-37, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(79)90100-2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"37","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":221896,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295430,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(79)90100-2"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f032e4b0c8380cd4a643","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sallenger, A. H. Jr.","contributorId":8818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sallenger","given":"A.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012618,"text":"70012618 - 1979 - Barometric fluctuations in wells tapping deep unconfined aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-05T12:29:43","indexId":"70012618","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Barometric fluctuations in wells tapping deep unconfined aquifers","docAbstract":"Water levels in wells screened only below the water table in unconfined aquifers fluctuate in response to atmospheric pressure changes. These fluctuations occur because the materials composing the unsaturated zone resist air movement and have capacity to store air with a change in pressure. Consequently, the translation of any pressure change at land surface is slowed as it moves through the unsaturated zone to the water table, but it reaches the water surface in the well instantaneously. Thus a pressure imbalance is created that results in a water level fluctuation. Barometric effects on water levels in unconfined aquifers can be computed by solution of the differential equation governing the flow of gas in the unsaturated zone subject to the appropriate boundary conditions. Solutions to this equation for two sets of boundary conditions were applied to compute water level response in a well tapping the Ogallala Formation near Lubbock, Texas from simultaneous microbarograph records. One set of computations, based on the step function unit response solution and convolution, resulted in a very good match between computed and measured water levels. A second set of computations, based on analysis of the amplitude ratios of simultaneous cyclic microbarograph and water level fluctuations, gave inconsistent results in terms of the unsaturated zone pneumatic properties but provided useful insights on the nature of unconfined-aquifer water level fluctuations.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR015i005p01167","usgsCitation":"Weeks, E.P., 1979, Barometric fluctuations in wells tapping deep unconfined aquifers: Water Resources Research, v. 15, no. 5, p. 1167-1176, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR015i005p01167.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1167","endPage":"1176","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222487,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Lubbock","otherGeospatial":"Ogallala Formation","volume":"15","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059efbce4b0c8380cd4a40f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weeks, Edwin P. epweeks@usgs.gov","contributorId":2576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weeks","given":"Edwin","email":"epweeks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":364077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012255,"text":"70012255 - 1979 - Water, something peculiar","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-03T17:02:16.140953","indexId":"70012255","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1926,"text":"Hydrological Sciences Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water, something peculiar","docAbstract":"Some chemical and physical properties of water are discussed and compared with those of other fluids. For instance, the boiling point is much higher than one would expect considering the molecular weight of water. The heat capacity is also much higher but the viscosity is not. The dielectric constant is exceptionally high. These and other properties of water can be explained by the geometry of the water molecule and the structure of water or ice.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02626667909491889","issn":"03036936","usgsCitation":"Van Hylckama, T.E., 1979, Water, something peculiar: Hydrological Sciences Bulletin, v. 24, no. 4, p. 499-507, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667909491889.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"499","endPage":"507","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480605,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667909491889","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":222061,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcce4e4b08c986b32dd9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Hylckama, T. E. A.","contributorId":73568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Hylckama","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012575,"text":"70012575 - 1979 - Lunar magnetic anomalies detected by the Apollo substatellite magnetometers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-13T13:49:40","indexId":"70012575","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3071,"text":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lunar magnetic anomalies detected by the Apollo substatellite magnetometers","docAbstract":"Properties of lunar crustal magnetization thus far deduced from Apollo subsatellite magnetometer data are reviewed using two of the most accurate presently available magnetic anomaly maps - one covering a portion of the lunar near side and the other a part of the far side. The largest single anomaly found within the region of coverage on the near-side map correlates exactly with a conspicuous, light-colored marking in western Oceanus Procellarum called Reiner Gamma. This feature is interpreted as an unusual deposit of ejecta from secondary craters of the large nearby primary impact crater Cavalerius. An age for Cavalerius (and, by implication, for Reiner Gamma) of 3.2 ?? 0.2 ?? 109 y is estimated. The main (30 ?? 60 km) Reiner Gamma deposit is nearly uniformly magnetized in a single direction, with a minimum mean magnetization intensity of ???7 ?? 10-2 G cm3/g (assuming a density of 3 g/cm3), or about 700 times the stable magnetization component of the most magnetic returned samples. Additional medium-amplitude anomalies exist over the Fra Mauro Formation (Imbrium basin ejecta emplaced ???3.9 ?? 109 y ago) where it has not been flooded by mare basalt flows, but are nearly absent over the maria and over the craters Copernicus, Kepler, and Reiner and their encircling ejecta mantles. The mean altitude of the far-side anomaly gap is much higher than that of the near-side map and the surface geology is more complex, so individual anomaly sources have not yet been identified. However, it is clear that a concentration of especially strong sources exists in the vicinity of the craters Van de Graaff and Aitken. Numerical modeling of the associated fields reveals that the source locations do not correspond with the larger primary impact craters of the region and, by analogy with Reiner Gamma, may be less conspicuous secondary crater ejecta deposits. The reason for a special concentration of strong sources in the Van de Graaff-Aitken region is unknown, but may be indirectly related to the existence of strongly modified crustal terrain which also occurs in the same region. The inferred directions of magnetization for the several sources of the largest anomalies are highly inclined with respect to one another, but are generally depleted in the north-south direction. The north-south depletion of magnetization intensity appears to continue across the far-side within the region of coverage. The mechanism of magnetization and the origin of the magnetizing field remain unresolved, but the uniformity with which the Reiner Gamma deposit is apparently magnetized, and the north-south depletion of magnetization intensity across a substantial portion of the far side, seem to require the existence of an ambient field, perhaps of global or larger extent. The very different inferred directions of magnetization possessed by nearly adjacent sources of the Van de Graaff-Aitken anomalies, and the depletion in their north-south component of magnetization, do not favor an internally generated dipolar field oriented parallel to the present spin axis. A variably oriented interplanetary magnetizing field that was intrinsically strong or locally amplified by unknown surface processes is least inconsistent with the data. ?? 1979.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0031-9201(79)90052-9","issn":"00319201","usgsCitation":"Hood, L.L., Coleman, P., Russell, C., and Wilhelms, D., 1979, Lunar magnetic anomalies detected by the Apollo substatellite magnetometers: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 20, no. 2-4, p. 291-311, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(79)90052-9.","startPage":"291","endPage":"311","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222666,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267349,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(79)90052-9"}],"volume":"20","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4a91e4b0c8380cd68e8f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hood, L. L.","contributorId":31072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hood","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coleman, P.J. Jr.","contributorId":65990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coleman","given":"P.J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Russell, C.T.","contributorId":32275,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Russell","given":"C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":33607,"text":"University of California Los Angeles","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":363949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilhelms, D.E.","contributorId":82302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilhelms","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":2000109,"text":"2000109 - 1979 - Classification of wetlands and deepwater habitats of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-21T14:30:38","indexId":"2000109","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"79/31","title":"Classification of wetlands and deepwater habitats of the United States","docAbstract":"This classification, to be used in a new inventory of wetlands and deepwater habitats of the United States, is intended to describe ecological taxa, arrange them in a system useful to resource managers, furnish units for mapping, and provide uniformity of concepts and terms. Wetlands are defined by plants (hydrophytes), soils (hydric soils), and frequency of flooding. Ecologically related areas of deep water, traditionally not considered wetlands, are included in the classification as deepwater habitats.Systems form the highest level of the classification hierarchy; five are defined--Marine, Estuarine, Riverine, Lacustrine, and Palustrine. Marine and Estuarine systems each have two subsystems, Subtidal and Intertidal; the Riverine system has four subsystems, Tidal, Lower Perennial, Upper Perennial, and Intermittent; the Lacustrine has two, Littoral and Limnetic; and the Palustrine has no subsystem.Within the subsystems, classes are based on substrate material and flooding regime, or on vegetative life form. The same classes may appear under one or more of the systems or subsystems. Six classes are based on substrate and flooding regime: (1) Rock Bottom with a substrate of bedrock, boulders, or stones; (2) Unconsolidated Bottom with a substrate of cobbles, gravel, sand, mud, or organic material; (3) Rocky Shore with the same substrate as Rock Bottom; (4) Unconsolidated Shore with the same substrate as Unconsolidated Bottom; (5) Streambed with any of the substrates; and (6) Reef with a substrate composed of the living and dead remains of invertebrates (corals, mollusks, or worms). The bottom classes, (1) and (2) above, are flooded all or most of the time and the shore classes, (3) and (4), are exposed most of the time. The class Streambed is restricted to channels of intermittent streams and tidal channels that are dewatered at low tide. The life form of the dominant vegetation defines the five classes based on vegetative form: (1) Aquatic Bed, dominated by plants that grow principally on or below the surface of the water; (2) Moss-Lichen Wetland, dominated by mosses or lichens; (3) Emergent Wetland, dominated by emergent herbaceous angiosperms; (4) Scrub-Shrub Wetland, dominated by shrubs or small trees; and (5) Forested Wetland, dominated by large trees.The dominance type, which is named for the dominant plant or animal forms, is the lowest level of the classification hierarchy. Only examples are provided for this level; dominance types must be developed by individual users of the classification.Modifying terms applied to the classes or subclasses are essential for use of the system. In tidal areas, the type and duration of flooding are described by four water regime modifiers: subtidal, irregularly exposed, regularly flooded, and irregularly flooded. In nontidal areas, six regimes are used: permanently flooded, intermittently exposed, semipermanently flooded, seasonally flooded, saturated, temporarily flooded, intermittently flooded, and artificially flooded. A hierarchical system of water chemistry modifiers, adapted from the Venice System, is used to describe the salinity of the water. Fresh waters are further divided on the basis of pH. Use of a hierarchical system of soil modifiers taken directly from U.S. soil taxonomy is also required. Special modifiers are used where appropriate: excavated, impounded, diked, partly drained, farmed, and artificial.Regional differences important to wetland ecology are described through a regionalization that combines a system developed for inland areas by R. G. Bailey in 1976 with our Marine and Estuarine provinces.The structure of the classification allows it to be used at any of several hierarchical levels. Special data required for detailed application of the system are frequently unavailable, and thus data gathering may be prerequisite to classification. Development of rules by the user will be required for specific map scales. Dominance types and relationships of plant and animal co","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","usgsCitation":"Cowardin, L., Carter, V., Golet, F., and LaRoe, E., 1979, Classification of wetlands and deepwater habitats of the United States: FWS/OBS 79/31, 103 p.","productDescription":"103 p.","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197756,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11908,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.fws.gov/wetlands/Documents/Classification-of-Wetlands-and-Deepwater-Habitats-of-the-United-States.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672b8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cowardin, L.M.","contributorId":106435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowardin","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carter, V.","contributorId":61115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Golet, F.C.","contributorId":32124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golet","given":"F.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"LaRoe, E.T.","contributorId":103766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaRoe","given":"E.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70162341,"text":"70162341 - 1979 - Immersion vaccination of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) with two pathogenic strains of Vibrio anguillarum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-21T15:06:48","indexId":"70162341","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2543,"text":"Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Immersion vaccination of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) with two pathogenic strains of Vibrio anguillarum","docAbstract":"Sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) were immersion-vaccinated in suspensions containing 5 × 107, 5 × 106, 5 × 105, or 5 × 104 bacteria/mL of bivalent or monovalent, formalin-killedVibrio anguillarum, Types I and II. The fish were split into two lots and held for 54 d. At that time one lot was challenged with living, virulent V. anguillarum, Type I, and one with living, virulent V.anguillarum, Type II. Immunization with bivalent bacterin effectively protected the fish from vibriosis, but monovalent vaccine was effective only against the homologous challenge. Immunization with the highest concentration of Type I monovalent bacterin resulted in 0% Type I and 58% Type II challenge mortality. Immunization with the highest concentration of Type II monovalent bacterin resulted in 41% Type I and 0% Type II challenge mortality. Immunization with the highest concentration of bivalent Type I/Type II bacterin resulted in 2% mortality in both challenges. Protective bacterins were effective at concentrations down to 5 × 105 bacteria/mL.Key words: immersion vaccination, bivalent vaccines, Vibrio anguillarum, vibriosis.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f79-033","usgsCitation":"Gould, R.W., Antipa, R., and Amend, D., 1979, Immersion vaccination of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) with two pathogenic strains of Vibrio anguillarum: Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, v. 36, no. 2, p. 222-225, https://doi.org/10.1139/f79-033.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"222","endPage":"225","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314612,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a20f49e4b0961cf2811bf3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gould, R. W.","contributorId":67054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gould","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Antipa, R.","contributorId":152314,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Antipa","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Amend, D.F.","contributorId":63082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amend","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70169247,"text":"70169247 - 1979 - Electrical measurements as stress-strain monitors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-05T15:00:27","indexId":"70169247","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Electrical measurements as stress-strain monitors","docAbstract":"Many of the measurements of phyiscal properties being made in earthquake prediction studies are based on the premise that these properties are influenced by stresses and strains, especially so near the failure point. Electrical properties of rocks are controlled by the fluid in the pores and cracks in the rocks. Because these regions are most influenced by stresses, one should expect electrical measurements to be sensitive measures of changing stresses and strains. Nevertheless, the strain changes we are dealing with are very small, and, consequently, we need very sensitive instruments to detect them.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Madden, T.R., 1979, Electrical measurements as stress-strain monitors: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 11, no. 1, p. 4-8.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"4","endPage":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":319270,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f3be41e4b0f59b85e02e78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madden, T. R.","contributorId":167750,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Madden","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70162343,"text":"70162343 - 1979 - Medication inhibits tolerance to seawater in coho salmon smolts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-21T15:14:00","indexId":"70162343","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Medication inhibits tolerance to seawater in coho salmon smolts","docAbstract":"Applications of 10 therapeutic and two anesthetic agents to healthy smolts of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) by conventional methods were followed by two different posttreatment circumstances. In condition I, fish were treated and then transferred directly to 28‰ seawater for 10 days; in condition II, fish were treated and held in fresh water for 4 days before their medium was gradually changed over a 4-hour period to 28‰ seawater. In condition I, no mortality occurred among fish treated with 2,4-D, trichlorofon, simazine, quinaldine, or light to moderate doses of MS-222. About 10% mortality occurred among fish treated with formalin and nifurpirinol. High mortality in seawater followed treatments with copper sulfate, hyamine 1622, potassium permanganate, malachite green (one protocol), and heavy doses of MS-222. In condition II, mortality was reduced but still high for copper sulfate and potassium permanganate, much lower for malachite green and hyamine 1622, and zero for the other agents. The results indicate that additional recovery time in fresh water is necessary between some treatments and exposure to salt water.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1979)108<63:MITTSI>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Bouck, G.R., and Johnson, D.A., 1979, Medication inhibits tolerance to seawater in coho salmon smolts: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 108, no. 1, p. 63-66, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1979)108<63:MITTSI>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"66","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314615,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a20f4ae4b0961cf2811bfb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bouck, Gerald R.","contributorId":152420,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bouck","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, David A.","contributorId":88683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70140088,"text":"70140088 - 1979 - Coccolith and silicoflagellate stratigraphy, northern mid-Atlantic Ridge and Reykjanes Ridge, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 49","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-03T11:34:26","indexId":"70140088","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1997,"text":"Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coccolith and silicoflagellate stratigraphy, northern mid-Atlantic Ridge and Reykjanes Ridge, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 49","docAbstract":"Leg 49 of the Deep Sea Drilling Project recovered 192 cores at eight drilling sites, 407 through 414 (Figure 1). Light-microscope techniques were used to study the cocoliths, silicoflagellates, and sponge spicules of 120 samples from these cores. The cocolith zonation of the samples follows Bukry (1975a), and is summarized in Figure 2. Silicoflagellate zonation, summarized in Figure 3, is explained in the text. Siliceous sponge spicules are common in many samples and are briefly discussed and illustrated. One new silicoflagellate, Distephanus sulcatus, from the Plicene of Site 407, is described.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Science Foundation","doi":"10.2973/dsdp.proc.49.118.1979","usgsCitation":"Bukry, D., 1979, Coccolith and silicoflagellate stratigraphy, northern mid-Atlantic Ridge and Reykjanes Ridge, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 49: Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, v. 49, p. 551-581, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.49.118.1979.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"551","endPage":"581","numberOfPages":"31","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488332,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.49.118.1979","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":297716,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":297715,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.deepseadrilling.org/49/dsdp_toc.htm"}],"otherGeospatial":"Atlantic Ocean","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -62.22656249999999,\n 15.368949896534705\n ],\n [\n -62.22656249999999,\n 67.23806155909902\n ],\n [\n 4.306640625,\n 67.23806155909902\n ],\n [\n 4.306640625,\n 15.368949896534705\n ],\n [\n -62.22656249999999,\n 15.368949896534705\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"49","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2b5ee4b08de9379b3349","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bukry, David 0000-0003-4540-890X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4540-890X","contributorId":30980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bukry","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70168835,"text":"70168835 - 1979 - A “natural and legitimate ambition . . . .”","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-24T14:59:10","indexId":"70168835","displayToPublicDate":"1976-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A “natural and legitimate ambition . . . .”","docAbstract":"Grove Karl Gilbert (1843-1918) was Chief Geologist for the U.S Geological Survey from 1889 to 1892. Still working for the Survey, he was in Berkeley when the 1906 earthquake struck San Francisco. Immediately on waking, he began to study the motion of the light fixture hanging from the ceiling, trying to decipher the direction of Earth waves and to time the intervals between tremors and hoping to gain some insight into the quake's magnitude. What Gilbert called a \"tumult of motions and noises\" brought him \"unalloyed pleasure.\" He later announced that it was the \"natural and legitimate ambition of properly constituted geologist to see a glacier, witness an eruption and feel an earthquake...\" Having narrowly missed the 1872 Inyo earthquake (while with the Wheeler Survey) and the 1899 Alaska earthquake (while with the Harriman Expedition), the 63-year-old Gilbert considered the 1906 earthquake to be one fo the highlights of his career. He was to be comissioned by both the State and Federal committees that investigated the earthquake.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Pyne, S.J., 1979, A “natural and legitimate ambition . . . .”: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 11, no. 2, p. 53-57.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"57","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":318583,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56dabfb9e4b015c306f84bfe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pyne, S. J.","contributorId":167358,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pyne","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70006958,"text":"70006958 - 1978 - Effects of dietary addition of vitamins C and D3 on growth and calcium and phosphorus content of pond-cultured channel catfish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-09-02T01:01:53","indexId":"70006958","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T19:28:59","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of dietary addition of vitamins C and D3 on growth and calcium and phosphorus content of pond-cultured channel catfish","docAbstract":"Fingerling channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, were fed one of three diets: one deficient in vitamin C (ascorbic acid), one deficient in vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol), or one containing both vitamins. Semimonthly from May to September and monthly from September to February, calcium and phosphorus were determined in eviscerated bodies and fat-free skeletons by neutron activation analysis. Body weight gains, survival rate, and feed conversion rates were determined for the May to September period. Fish on the three diet regimens showed no significant difference in weight gain, feed conversion, or survival. Interactions between sampling date and diet indicated no correlation between vitamin C or D3 and the calcium and phosphorus in eviscerated bodies and fat-free skeletons of the fish.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1978)40[16:EODAOV]2.0.CO;2","collaboration":"Abstract has subscript/superscript to be fixed","usgsCitation":"Launer, C., Tiemeier, O., and Deyoe, C., 1978, Effects of dietary addition of vitamins C and D3 on growth and calcium and phosphorus content of pond-cultured channel catfish: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 40, no. 1, p. 16-20, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1978)40[16:EODAOV]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"16","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":260129,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":260121,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1978)40[16:EODAOV]2.0.CO;2","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"40","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06cae4b0c8380cd51401","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Launer, C.A.","contributorId":102533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Launer","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tiemeier, O.W.","contributorId":84618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiemeier","given":"O.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Deyoe, C.W.","contributorId":28189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deyoe","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}