The Coastal Plain of the southeastern United States contains a rich diversity of reptiles and amphibians (herpetofauna). Of the 290 species native to the Southeast, 170 (74 amphibians, 96 reptiles) are found within the range of the remnant longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) ecosystem (Fig. 1). Many of these species are not found elsewhere, particularly those amphibians that require temporary ponds for reproduction. Many Coastal Plain species are listed federally or by states as endangered or threatened or are candidates for listing (Fig. 1). Examples include the flatwoods salamander (Ambystoma cingulatum), striped newt (Notophthalmus perstriatus), Carolina and dusky gopher frogs (Rana capito capito and R.c. sevosa), eastern indigo snake (Drymarchon corais couperi), gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus), eastern diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus adamanteus), and Florida pine snake (Pituophis melanoleucus mugitus).
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Biological Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Dodd, C.K., 1995, Reptiles and amphibians in the endangered longleaf pine ecosystem, chap. of Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems, p. 129-131.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"131","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127750,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339896,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.webharvest.gov/peth04/20041019015728/https://biology.usgs.gov/s+t/index.htm","linkHelpText":"Archived website"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66c9e2","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"LaRoe, Edward T.","contributorId":112276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaRoe","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504731,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farris, Gaye S.","contributorId":84410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farris","given":"Gaye","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":504734,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Puckett, Catherine E. cpuckett@usgs.gov","contributorId":4629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckett","given":"Catherine","email":"cpuckett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":504732,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doran, Peter D.","contributorId":17533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504733,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mac, Michael J.","contributorId":16772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mac","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504730,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Dodd, C. Kenneth Jr.","contributorId":89215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodd","given":"C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kenneth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70018828,"text":"70018828 - 1995 - A summary of the effects of mining and related activities on the sediment-trace element geochemistry of Lake Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-16T00:22:38.13734","indexId":"70018828","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A summary of the effects of mining and related activities on the sediment-trace element geochemistry of Lake Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, USA","docAbstract":"During 1989 and 1990 a series of 12 gravity cores, and 150 surface grab samples were collected in Lake Coeur d'Alene, Idaho to determine trace element concentrations, partitioning and surface and subsurface distribution patterns in the bed sediments of the lake. In addition, selected subsamples from one core were analyzed for 117Cs activity to begin to establish a trace element geochemical history for the lake. The intent was to try and relate the trace element concentrations and distributions in the sediment column to past and present mining and mining related activities in the area.
Substantial portions of the surface and near-surface sediments in Lake Coeur d'Alene are markedly enriched in Ag, As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Sb and Zn, and somewhat enriched in Cu, Fe and Mn. Surface distribution patterns, as well as variations in the thickness of the trace element-rich subsurface sediments, indicate that the source of much of this enriched material is the Coeur d'Alene River. The similarity between the trace element-rich surface and subsurface sediments with respect to: their location, their bulk chemistry, and their trace element partitioning indicate that the sources and/or concentrating mechanisms causing the trace element enrichment in the lake sediments probably have been the same throughout their depositional history. An estimated 75 million metric tons of trace element-rich sediments have been deposited on or in the lakebed.
Based on a Mt. St. Helens' ash layer from the 1980 eruption, ages estimated from 137Cs activity, and the presence of 80 discernible and presumably annual layers in a core collected near the Coeur d'Alene River delta, indicate that the deposition of trace element-rich sediments began, at least in the Coeur d'Alene River delta, some time between 1895 and 1910, dates consistent with the onset of mining and ore-processing activities that began in the area in the 1880's.
The Mississippi River is one of the world's major river systems in size, habitat and biotic diversity, and biotic productivity. The navigable Upper Mississippi River, extending 1,370 km (850 mi) from St. Anthony Falls (Minnesota) to the confluence with the Ohio River, has been impounded by 27 locks and dams to enhance commercial navigation. The reach between two consecutive locks and dams is termed a \"pool.\" The upstream portions of many pools are similar to the unimpounded river, whereas the downstream reaches are similar to reservoirs.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Biological Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Wiener, J.G., Naimo, T.J., Korschgen, C.E., Dahlgren, R., Sauer, J.S., Lubinski, K.S., Rogers, S.J., and Brewer, S., 1995, Biota of the upper Mississippi River ecosystem, chap. of Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems, p. 236-239.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"236","endPage":"239","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201417,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339899,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.webharvest.gov/peth04/20041019015728/https://biology.usgs.gov/s+t/index.htm","linkHelpText":"Archived website"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Upper Mississippi River","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2fe4b07f02db6164db","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"LaRoe, Edward T.","contributorId":112276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaRoe","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504656,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farris, Gaye S.","contributorId":84410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farris","given":"Gaye","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":504659,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Puckett, Catherine E. cpuckett@usgs.gov","contributorId":4629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckett","given":"Catherine","email":"cpuckett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":504657,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doran, Peter D.","contributorId":17533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504658,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mac, Michael J.","contributorId":16772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mac","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504655,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Wiener, James G.","contributorId":93853,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiener","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":17913,"text":"River Studies Center, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":296218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Naimo, Teresa J.","contributorId":8039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naimo","given":"Teresa","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Korschgen, Carl E.","contributorId":29354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Korschgen","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dahlgren, Robert","contributorId":65584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dahlgren","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sauer, Jennifer S. 0000-0002-1563-1425 jsauer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1563-1425","contributorId":609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"Jennifer","email":"jsauer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lubinski, Kenneth S. klubinski@usgs.gov","contributorId":2468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lubinski","given":"Kenneth","email":"klubinski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":296222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rogers, Sara J.","contributorId":85534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"Sara","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":296215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Brewer, Sandra","contributorId":55121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brewer","given":"Sandra","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70018775,"text":"70018775 - 1995 - Algorithm for resistance to flow and transport in sand-bed channels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-16T07:44:36","indexId":"70018775","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Algorithm for resistance to flow and transport in sand-bed channels","docAbstract":"An algorithm is developed that relates depth to discharge and determines bed- and suspended-load transport for the entire range of bed forms found in sand-bed channels; equilibrium-state geometry of lower flow regime bedforms is also predicted. A Meyer-Peter-type formulation is used to compute sand transport in the bed-load layer and for computing suspended sand transport, McLean's procedure is adopted. A bed-form classifcation scheme is developed. The algorithm produces overall geometric averages of predicted to observed depth and predicted to observed transport of 1.00. For a verification data set of 855 observations, mostly from rivers and canals, the overall geometric averages of predicted to observed depth and transport are 0.87 and 1.14. -from Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1995)121:8(578)","usgsCitation":"Bennett, J.P., 1995, Algorithm for resistance to flow and transport in sand-bed channels: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 121, no. 8, p. 578-590, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1995)121:8(578).","startPage":"578","endPage":"590","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227358,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269423,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1995)121:8(578)"}],"volume":"121","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e960e4b0c8380cd48230","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bennett, J. P.","contributorId":52103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70187049,"text":"70187049 - 1995 - Map projections for global and continental data sets and an analysis of pixel distortion caused by reprojection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-22T16:27:33","indexId":"70187049","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Map projections for global and continental data sets and an analysis of pixel distortion caused by reprojection","docAbstract":"Significant deficiencies in the quality of today's topographic data severely limit scientific applications. Very few available data sets meet the stringent requirements of 10–30 m for global digital topography and 5 m or better vertical accuracy, and existing satellite systems are unlikely to fulfill these requirements. The Joint Topographic Science Working Group, appointed by NASA and the Italian Space Agency, concluded that radar interferometry coupled with a laser altimeter would be the most promising approach for improving data quality. By providing its own illumination at a wavelength Ion g enough to (e.g., λ = 25 cm) to penetrate clouds and rain, the interferometer would provide a global, uniform high-quality topographic data set. One mission under study, TOPSAT, is well positioned to fill this niche and promises to pave the way toward a more standardized and precise topographic database. TOPSAT would be an international mission, designed to make use of recent technology advances in such programs as NASA's New Millennium. It could be ready to launch by the end of this decade.
","language":"English","publisher":"EOS","doi":"10.1029/95EO00129","usgsCitation":"Farr, T., Evans, D., Zebker, H., Harding, D., Bufton, J., Dixon, T., Vetrella, S., and Gesch, D., 1995, Mission in the works promises precise global topographic data: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 76, no. 22, p. 225-229, https://doi.org/10.1029/95EO00129.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"225","endPage":"229","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340033,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Fernandina Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.68502807617188,\n -0.5259630718092625\n ],\n [\n -91.3623046875,\n -0.5259630718092625\n ],\n [\n -91.3623046875,\n -0.25680456008937463\n ],\n [\n -91.68502807617188,\n -0.25680456008937463\n ],\n [\n -91.68502807617188,\n -0.5259630718092625\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"76","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f9c8d6e4b0b7ea54524107","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farr, T.","contributorId":191181,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farr","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, D.","contributorId":38415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zebker, H.","contributorId":25276,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zebker","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harding, D.","contributorId":191182,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harding","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bufton, J.","contributorId":191183,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bufton","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dixon, T.","contributorId":14572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Vetrella, S.","contributorId":48374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vetrella","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gesch, D.B. 0000-0002-8992-4933","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8992-4933","contributorId":26886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gesch","given":"D.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70187052,"text":"70187052 - 1995 - Mapping tide-water glacier dynamics in east Greenland using landsat data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-20T11:21:52","indexId":"70187052","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2328,"text":"Journal of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping tide-water glacier dynamics in east Greenland using landsat data","docAbstract":"Landsat multispectral scanner and thematic mapper images were co-registered For the Kangerdlugssuaq Fjord region in East Greenland and were used to map glacier drainage-basin areas, changes in the positions of tide-water glacier termini and to estimate surface velocities of the larger tide-water glaciers. Statistics were compiled to document distance and area changes to glacier termini. The methodologies developed in this study are broadly applicable to the investigation of tide-water glaciers in other areas. The number of images available for consecutive years and the accuracy with which images are co-registered are key factors that influence the degree to which regional glacier dynamics can be characterized using remotely sensed data.
Three domains of glacier state were interpreted: net increase in terminus area in the southern part of the study area, net loss of terminus area for glaciers in upper Kangerdlugssuaq Fjord and a slight loss of glacier terminus area northward from Ryberg Fjord. Local increases in the concentrations of drifting icebergs in the fjords coincide with the observed extension of glacier termini positions Ice-surface velocity estimates were derived for several glaciers using automated image cross-correlation techniques The velocity determined for Kangerdlugssuaq Gletscher is approximately 5.0 km a−1 and that for Kong Christian IV Gletscher is 0.9 km a−1. The continuous presence of icebergs and brash ice in front of these glaciers indicates sustained rates of ice-front calving.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Glaciological Society","doi":"10.1017/S0022143000034900","usgsCitation":"Dwyer, J.L., 1995, Mapping tide-water glacier dynamics in east Greenland using landsat data: Journal of Glaciology, v. 41, no. 139, p. 584-595, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022143000034900.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"584","endPage":"595","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479247,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000034900","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340032,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Greenland","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -34.16748046875,\n 67.34832460428412\n ],\n [\n -29.300537109374996,\n 67.34832460428412\n ],\n [\n -29.300537109374996,\n 68.83576865659356\n ],\n [\n -34.16748046875,\n 68.83576865659356\n ],\n [\n -34.16748046875,\n 67.34832460428412\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"139","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f9c8d7e4b0b7ea54524109","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dwyer, John L. 0000-0002-8281-0896 dwyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8281-0896","contributorId":3481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"John","email":"dwyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70187047,"text":"70187047 - 1995 - The global topography mission gains momentum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-20T11:19:53","indexId":"70187047","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The global topography mission gains momentum","docAbstract":"An accurate description of the surface elevation of the Earth is of fundamental importance to many branches of Earth science. Continental topographic data are required for studies of hydrology, ecology, glaciology, geomorphology, and atmospheric circulation. For example, in hydrologic and terrestrial ecosystem studies, topography exerts significant control on intercepted solar radiation, water runoff and subsurface water inventory, microclimate, vegetation type and distribution, and soil development. The topography of the polar ice caps and mountain glaciers directly reflects ice-flow dynamics and is closely linked to global climate and sea level change.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/95EO00128","usgsCitation":"Farr, T., Evans, D., Zebker, H., Harding, D., Bufton, J., Dixon, T., Vetrella, S., and Gesch, D.B., 1995, The global topography mission gains momentum: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 76, no. 21, p. 213-216, https://doi.org/10.1029/95EO00128.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"216","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340029,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f9c8dbe4b0b7ea54524111","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farr, Tom","contributorId":24903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farr","given":"Tom","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, Diane","contributorId":191175,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evans","given":"Diane","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zebker, Howard","contributorId":88072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zebker","given":"Howard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harding, David","contributorId":108018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harding","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bufton, Jack","contributorId":191176,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bufton","given":"Jack","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dixon, Timothy","contributorId":191178,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dixon","given":"Timothy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Vetrella, S.","contributorId":48374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vetrella","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gesch, Dean B. 0000-0002-8992-4933 gesch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8992-4933","contributorId":2956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gesch","given":"Dean","email":"gesch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70187534,"text":"70187534 - 1995 - Ecology and conservation of the Marbled Murrelet in North America: An overview","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-13T16:46:07.569739","indexId":"70187534","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"1","title":"Ecology and conservation of the Marbled Murrelet in North America: An overview","docAbstract":"Over the past decade, the Marbled Murrelet has become a focus of much controversy. It was listed as threatened in Washington, Oregon, and California by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in February 1993. In order to aid the various agencies with management, the Marbled Murrelet Conservation Assessment was formed to bring together scientists, managers, and others to gather all the available data on this small seabird. This volume of research is the culmination of that effort. In this chapter, we integrate the results of the investigations and summaries on the past history, present status, and possible future of the species, based on the data presented in this volume and other published research. We also propose what we consider the most important research needs. Then, based on the findings of this volume, we suggest actions for management to help ensure the survival of the species.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology and conservation of the Marbled Murrelet (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report PSW-GTR-152)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station","publisherLocation":"Albany, CA","usgsCitation":"Ralph, C.J., Hunt, G.L., Raphael, M.G., and Piatt, J.F., 1995, Ecology and conservation of the Marbled Murrelet in North America: An overview, chap. 1 of Ecology and conservation of the Marbled Murrelet (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report PSW-GTR-152), p. 3-22.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"22","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340890,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":340889,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.fs.usda.gov/psw/publications/documents/psw_gtr152/psw_gtr152.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"otherGeospatial":"North America","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-63.6645,46.55],[-62.0121,46.4431],[-62.8743,45.9682],[-64.1428,46.3927],[-64.3926,46.7275],[-64.0149,47.036],[-63.6645,46.55]]],[[[-61.8063,49.1051],[-63.5893,49.4007],[-64.5191,49.873],[-62.8583,49.7064],[-61.8063,49.1051]]],[[[-123.51,48.51],[-124.0129,48.3709],[-125.655,48.825],[-127.03,49.815],[-128.0593,49.995],[-128.4446,50.5391],[-128.3584,50.7707],[-125.755,50.295],[-124.9208,49.4753],[-123.9225,49.0625],[-123.51,48.51]]],[[[-56.134,50.687],[-56.7959,49.8123],[-56.1431,50.1501],[-55.4715,49.9358],[-55.8224,49.5871],[-54.9351,49.313],[-54.4738,49.5567],[-53.4766,49.2491],[-53.786,48.5168],[-53.0861,48.6878],[-52.6481,47.5356],[-53.0692,46.6555],[-54.1789,46.8071],[-53.9619,47.6252],[-54.2405,47.7523],[-55.4008,46.885],[-55.9975,46.9197],[-55.2912,47.3896],[-56.2508,47.6326],[-59.266,47.6034],[-59.4195,47.8995],[-58.7966,48.2515],[-59.2316,48.5232],[-58.3918,49.1256],[-57.3587,50.7183],[-56.7387,51.2874],[-55.407,51.5883],[-56.134,50.687]]],[[[-133.18,54.17],[-131.75,54.12],[-132.0495,52.9846],[-131.179,52.1804],[-131.5778,52.1824],[-133.0546,53.4115],[-133.18,54.17]]],[[[-79.2658,62.1587],[-79.6575,61.6331],[-80.3622,62.0165],[-79.9294,62.3856],[-79.2658,62.1587]]],[[[-81.8983,62.7108],[-83.0686,62.1592],[-83.7746,62.1823],[-83.9937,62.4528],[-83.2505,62.9141],[-81.877,62.9046],[-81.8983,62.7108]]],[[[-85.1613,65.6573],[-84.9758,65.2175],[-84.464,65.3718],[-81.642,64.4551],[-81.5534,63.9796],[-80.8174,64.0575],[-80.1035,63.726],[-80.991,63.4113],[-82.5472,63.6517],[-83.1088,64.1019],[-85.5234,63.0524],[-85.8668,63.6373],[-87.222,63.5412],[-86.3528,64.0358],[-85.8839,65.7388],[-85.1613,65.6573]]],[[[-75.8659,67.1489],[-76.9869,67.0987],[-77.2364,67.5881],[-76.8117,68.1486],[-75.8952,68.2872],[-75.1145,68.0104],[-75.216,67.4443],[-75.8659,67.1489]]],[[[-95.6477,69.1077],[-96.2695,68.757],[-97.6174,69.06],[-98.4318,68.9507],[-99.7974,69.4],[-98.2183,70.1435],[-96.5574,69.68],[-95.6477,69.1077]]],[[[-90.5471,69.4977],[-90.5515,68.475],[-89.2152,69.2587],[-88.0197,68.6151],[-88.3175,67.8734],[-87.3502,67.1987],[-86.3061,67.9215],[-85.5766,68.7846],[-85.522,69.8821],[-82.6226,69.6583],[-81.2804,69.162],[-81.2202,68.6657],[-81.9644,68.1325],[-81.2593,67.5972],[-81.3865,67.1108],[-83.3446,66.4115],[-84.7354,66.2573],[-85.7694,66.5583],[-87.3232,64.7756],[-88.483,64.099],[-89.9144,64.0327],[-90.704,63.6102],[-90.77,62.9602],[-91.9334,62.8351],[-93.157,62.0247],[-94.2415,60.8987],[-94.6293,60.1102],[-94.6846,58.9488],[-93.215,58.7821],[-92.297,57.0871],[-90.8977,57.2847],[-89.0395,56.8517],[-87.3242,55.9991],[-85.0118,55.3026],[-82.2729,55.1483],[-82.4362,54.2823],[-82.125,53.277],[-81.4008,52.1579],[-79.9129,51.2084],[-79.143,51.5339],[-78.6019,52.5621],[-79.1242,54.1415],[-79.8296,54.6677],[-78.2287,55.1365],[-77.0956,55.8374],[-76.5414,56.5342],[-76.6232,57.2026],[-77.3023,58.0521],[-78.5169,58.8046],[-77.3368,59.8526],[-78.1069,62.3196],[-77.4107,62.5505],[-74.6682,62.1811],[-73.8399,62.4438],[-71.6771,61.5254],[-71.3737,61.1372],[-69.5904,61.0614],[-69.2879,58.9574],[-68.3746,58.8011],[-67.6498,58.2121],[-66.2018,58.7673],[-64.5835,60.3356],[-61.3966,56.9675],[-61.7987,56.3395],[-59.5696,55.2041],[-57.3332,54.6265],[-56.9369,53.7803],[-56.1581,53.6475],[-55.7563,53.2704],[-55.6834,52.1466],[-57.1269,51.4197],[-58.7748,51.0643],[-60.0331,50.2428],[-61.7237,50.0805],[-66.3991,50.229],[-67.2363,49.5116],[-68.5111,49.0684],[-71.1046,46.8217],[-70.2552,46.9861],[-68.65,48.3],[-66.5524,49.1331],[-65.0563,49.2328],[-64.171,48.7425],[-65.1155,48.0709],[-64.4722,46.2385],[-63.1733,45.739],[-61.5207,45.8838],[-60.5182,47.0079],[-60.4486,46.2826],[-59.8029,45.9204],[-61.0399,45.2653],[-64.2466,44.2655],[-65.3641,43.5452],[-66.1234,43.6187],[-66.1617,44.4651],[-64.4255,45.292],[-67.1374,45.1375],[-66.9647,44.8097],[-70.1162,43.6841],[-70.6455,43.0902],[-70.825,42.335],[-70.495,41.805],[-70.08,41.78],[-70.185,42.145],[-69.885,41.9228],[-69.965,41.6372],[-73.71,40.9311],[-72.2413,41.1195],[-71.945,40.93],[-74.2567,40.4735],[-73.9624,40.4276],[-74.1784,39.7093],[-74.906,38.9395],[-75.5281,39.4985],[-75.0567,38.4041],[-75.9402,37.2169],[-75.7221,37.9371],[-76.2329,38.3192],[-76.35,39.15],[-76.5427,38.7176],[-76.3293,38.0833],[-76.99,38.24],[-76.3016,37.9179],[-76.2587,36.9664],[-75.9718,36.8973],[-75.7275,35.5507],[-76.3632,34.8085],[-77.3976,34.512],[-78.055,33.9255],[-79.0607,33.494],[-79.2036,33.1584],[-80.3013,32.5094],[-81.3363,31.4405],[-81.4904,30.73],[-81.3137,30.0355],[-80.0565,26.88],[-80.381,25.2062],[-81.1721,25.2013],[-81.33,25.64],[-81.71,25.87],[-82.8553,27.8862],[-82.65,28.55],[-83.7096,29.9366],[-84.1,30.09],[-85.1088,29.6362],[-86.4,30.4],[-89.5938,30.16],[-89.2177,29.2911],[-89.4082,29.1596],[-89.7793,29.3071],[-90.8802,29.1485],[-91.6268,29.677],[-93.8484,29.7136],[-94.69,29.48],[-95.6003,28.7386],[-96.594,28.3075],[-97.37,27.38],[-97.14,25.87],[-97.703,24.2723],[-97.8724,22.4442],[-97.1893,20.6354],[-95.9009,18.828],[-94.8391,18.5627],[-94.4257,18.1444],[-91.4079,18.8761],[-90.7719,19.2841],[-90.2786,20.9999],[-88.5439,21.4937],[-87.0519,21.5435],[-86.812,21.3315],[-86.8459,20.8499],[-87.6211,19.6466],[-87.4368,19.4724],[-87.8372,18.2598],[-88.3,18.5],[-88.1068,18.3487],[-88.3554,16.5308],[-88.9306,15.8873],[-88.1212,15.6887],[-87.9018,15.8645],[-86.9032,15.7567],[-84.9837,15.9959],[-83.4104,15.2709],[-83.1472,14.9958],[-83.1821,14.3107],[-83.5198,13.5677],[-83.4733,12.4191],[-83.8555,11.3733],[-83.4023,10.3954],[-82.1871,9.2075],[-82.2076,8.9956],[-81.7142,9.032],[-81.4393,8.7862],[-79.5733,9.6116],[-78.0559,9.2477],[-77.3534,8.6705],[-77.2426,7.9353],[-77.4311,7.6381],[-77.7534,7.7098],[-77.8816,7.2238],[-78.4292,8.052],[-78.1821,8.3192],[-79.1203,8.9961],[-79.5579,8.9324],[-79.7606,8.5845],[-80.3827,8.2984],[-80.4807,8.0903],[-80.0037,7.5475],[-80.4212,7.2716],[-80.8864,7.2205],[-81.0595,7.8179],[-81.5195,7.7066],[-81.7213,8.109],[-82.8201,8.2909],[-82.851,8.0738],[-83.5084,8.4469],[-83.7115,8.6568],[-83.6326,9.0514],[-84.6476,9.6155],[-84.7134,9.9081],[-84.9757,10.0867],[-85.1109,9.557],[-85.6608,9.9334],[-85.6593,10.7543],[-85.9417,10.8953],[-85.7125,11.0884],[-87.6685,12.9099],[-87.3167,12.9847],[-87.4894,13.2975],[-88.4833,13.164],[-90.6086,13.9098],[-91.2324,13.9278],[-93.3595,15.6154],[-94.6917,16.201],[-96.5574,15.6535],[-100.8295,17.1711],[-101.9185,17.9161],[-103.501,18.2923],[-104.992,19.3161],[-105.493,19.9468],[-105.7314,20.4341],[-105.3978,20.5317],[-105.2658,21.4221],[-106.0287,22.7738],[-108.4019,25.1723],[-109.2602,25.5806],[-109.4441,25.8249],[-109.2916,26.4429],[-110.3917,27.1621],[-110.641,27.8599],[-111.1789,27.9412],[-112.2282,28.9544],[-113.1638,30.7869],[-113.1487,31.171],[-114.7765,31.7995],[-114.9367,31.3935],[-114.6739,30.1627],[-111.6165,26.6628],[-110.6551,24.2986],[-110.1729,24.2656],[-109.4334,23.1856],[-110.0314,22.8231],[-110.2951,23.431],[-112.182,24.7384],[-112.3007,26.012],[-114.4658,27.1421],[-115.0551,27.7227],[-114.5704,27.7415],[-114.1993,28.115],[-114.162,28.5661],[-115.5187,29.5564],[-117.2959,33.0462],[-118.4106,33.7409],[-118.5199,34.0278],[-120.6229,34.6086],[-120.7443,35.1569],[-121.7146,36.1615],[-122.512,37.7834],[-123.7272,38.9517],[-123.8652,39.767],[-124.3981,40.3132],[-124.2137,41.9996],[-124.5328,42.766],[-124.1421,43.7084],[-123.8989,45.5234],[-124.0796,46.8648],[-124.6872,48.1844],[-124.5661,48.3797],[-123.12,48.04],[-122.5874,47.096],[-122.34,47.36],[-122.84,49],[-125.6246,50.4166],[-127.4356,50.8306],[-127.9928,51.7158],[-127.8503,52.3296],[-129.1298,52.7554],[-129.3052,53.5616],[-130.515,54.2876],[-130.5361,54.8028],[-131.9672,55.4978],[-132.25,56.37],[-133.5392,57.1789],[-134.0781,58.1231],[-136.6281,58.2122],[-137.8,58.5],[-139.8678,59.5378],[-142.5744,60.0845],[-143.9589,59.9992],[-147.1144,60.8847],[-148.2243,60.673],[-148.0181,59.9783],[-151.7164,59.1558],[-151.8594,59.745],[-151.4097,60.7258],[-150.3469,61.0336],[-150.6211,61.2844],[-154.0192,59.3503],[-153.2875,58.8647],[-154.2325,58.1464],[-156.3083,57.4228],[-156.5561,56.98],[-158.1172,56.4636],[-158.4333,55.9942],[-164.7856,54.4042],[-164.9422,54.5722],[-161.8042,55.895],[-160.5636,56.0081],[-157.7228,57.57],[-157.5503,58.3283],[-157.0417,58.9189],[-158.1947,58.6158],[-158.5172,58.7878],[-159.0586,58.4242],[-159.7117,58.9314],[-159.9813,58.5726],[-160.3553,59.0711],[-161.9689,58.6717],[-161.8742,59.6336],[-162.5181,59.9897],[-163.8183,59.7981],[-165.3464,60.5075],[-165.3508,61.0739],[-166.1214,61.5],[-164.5625,63.1464],[-163.0672,63.0595],[-162.2606,63.5419],[-161.5345,63.4558],[-160.7725,63.7661],[-160.9583,64.2228],[-161.5181,64.4028],[-160.7778,64.7886],[-162.7578,64.3386],[-163.5464,64.5592],[-164.9608,64.447],[-166.4253,64.6867],[-168.1106,65.67],[-164.4747,66.5767],[-163.6525,66.5767],[-163.7886,66.0772],[-161.6778,66.1161],[-162.4897,66.7356],[-163.7197,67.1164],[-165.3903,68.0428],[-166.7644,68.3589],[-166.2047,68.883],[-164.4308,68.9155],[-163.1686,69.3711],[-162.9306,69.8581],[-161.9089,70.3333],[-159.0392,70.8916],[-158.1197,70.8247],[-156.5808,71.3578],[-155.0678,71.1478],[-154.3442,70.6964],[-153.9,70.89],[-152.21,70.83],[-152.27,70.6],[-150.74,70.43],[-149.72,70.53],[-144.92,69.99],[-143.5895,70.1525],[-136.5036,68.898],[-134.4146,69.6274],[-132.9293,69.5053],[-129.7947,70.1937],[-129.1077,69.7793],[-128.3616,70.0129],[-128.1382,70.4838],[-127.4471,70.3772],[-125.7563,69.4806],[-124.4248,70.1584],[-124.2897,69.3997],[-123.0611,69.5637],[-122.6835,69.8555],[-121.4723,69.7978],[-117.6027,69.0113],[-115.2469,68.9059],[-113.8979,68.3989],[-115.3049,67.9026],[-113.4973,67.6882],[-109.9462,67.981],[-108.8802,67.3814],[-107.7924,67.8874],[-108.813,68.3116],[-108.1672,68.6539],[-106.15,68.8],[-104.3379,68.018],[-103.2212,68.0978],[-101.4543,67.6469],[-98.4432,67.7817],[-98.5586,68.4039],[-97.6695,68.5786],[-96.1199,68.2394],[-96.1259,67.2934],[-95.4894,68.0907],[-94.685,68.0638],[-94.2328,69.069],[-96.4713,70.0898],[-96.3912,71.1948],[-95.2088,71.9205],[-93.89,71.7602],[-92.8782,71.3187],[-91.5196,70.1913],[-92.4069,69.7],[-90.5471,69.4977]]],[[[-114.1672,73.1215],[-114.6663,72.6528],[-112.441,72.9554],[-111.0504,72.4504],[-109.9204,72.9611],[-109.0065,72.6334],[-108.1884,71.6509],[-107.686,72.0655],[-108.3964,73.0895],[-107.5165,73.236],[-106.5226,73.076],[-105.4025,72.6726],[-104.4648,70.993],[-100.9808,70.0243],[-101.0893,69.5845],[-102.7312,69.504],[-102.0933,69.1196],[-102.4302,68.7528],[-105.96,69.18],[-113.3132,68.5355],[-113.855,69.0074],[-115.22,69.28],[-116.1079,69.1682],[-117.34,69.96],[-112.4161,70.3664],[-114.35,70.6],[-117.9048,70.5406],[-118.4324,70.9092],[-116.1131,71.3092],[-119.402,71.5586],[-117.8664,72.7059],[-115.1891,73.3146],[-114.1672,73.1215]]],[[[-104.5,73.42],[-105.38,72.76],[-106.94,73.46],[-105.26,73.64],[-104.5,73.42]]],[[[-76.34,73.1027],[-76.2514,72.8264],[-79.4863,72.7422],[-80.8761,73.3332],[-80.8339,73.6932],[-80.3531,73.7597],[-78.0644,73.6519],[-76.34,73.1027]]],[[[-86.5622,73.1575],[-85.7744,72.5341],[-84.8501,73.3403],[-82.3156,73.751],[-80.6001,72.7165],[-80.7489,72.0619],[-78.7706,72.3522],[-77.8246,72.7496],[-74.2286,71.7671],[-74.0991,71.3308],[-72.2422,71.5569],[-71.2,70.92],[-68.7861,70.525],[-67.915,70.122],[-66.969,69.1861],[-68.8051,68.7202],[-64.8623,67.8475],[-63.4249,66.9285],[-61.852,66.8621],[-62.1632,66.1603],[-63.9184,64.9987],[-65.1489,65.426],[-66.7212,66.388],[-68.015,66.2627],[-68.1413,65.6898],[-65.3202,64.3827],[-64.6694,63.3929],[-65.0138,62.6742],[-68.7832,63.7457],[-66.3283,62.2801],[-66.1656,61.9309],[-71.0234,62.9107],[-72.2354,63.3978],[-71.8863,63.68],[-74.8344,64.6791],[-74.8185,64.3891],[-77.71,64.2295],[-78.556,64.5729],[-77.8973,65.3092],[-73.9598,65.4548],[-74.2939,65.8118],[-72.6512,67.2846],[-72.9261,67.7269],[-73.3116,68.0694],[-74.8433,68.5546],[-76.8691,68.8947],[-76.2287,69.1478],[-77.2874,69.7695],[-78.9572,70.1669],[-79.4925,69.8718],[-81.3055,69.7432],[-84.9447,69.9666],[-88.6817,70.4107],[-89.5134,70.762],[-88.4677,71.2182],[-89.8882,71.2226],[-90.2052,72.2351],[-89.4366,73.1295],[-88.4082,73.5379],[-85.8262,73.8038],[-86.5622,73.1575]]],[[[-100.3564,73.8439],[-99.1639,73.6334],[-97.38,73.76],[-97.12,73.47],[-98.0536,72.9905],[-96.54,72.56],[-96.72,71.66],[-98.3597,71.2729],[-99.3229,71.3564],[-102.5,72.51],[-102.48,72.83],[-100.4384,72.7059],[-101.54,73.36],[-100.3564,73.8439]]],[[[-93.1963,72.772],[-94.2691,72.0246],[-95.4099,72.0619],[-96.0338,72.9403],[-96.0183,73.4374],[-95.4958,73.8624],[-94.5037,74.1349],[-90.5098,73.8567],[-92.004,72.9662],[-93.1963,72.772]]],[[[-120.46,71.3836],[-123.0922,70.9016],[-123.62,71.34],[-125.929,71.8687],[-123.94,73.68],[-124.9178,74.2928],[-121.5379,74.4489],[-117.5556,74.1858],[-115.5108,73.4752],[-119.22,72.52],[-120.46,71.82],[-120.46,71.3836]]],[[[-93.6128,74.98],[-94.1569,74.5924],[-96.8209,74.9276],[-96.2886,75.3778],[-94.8508,75.6472],[-93.6128,74.98]]],[[[-98.5,76.72],[-97.7356,76.2566],[-97.7044,75.7434],[-98.16,75],[-99.8087,74.8974],[-100.8837,75.0574],[-100.8629,75.6408],[-102.5021,75.5638],[-102.5655,76.3366],[-98.5,76.72]]],[[[-108.2114,76.2017],[-107.8194,75.8455],[-105.881,75.9694],[-105.705,75.4795],[-106.3135,75.0053],[-109.7,74.85],[-112.2231,74.417],[-113.7438,74.3943],[-113.8714,74.7203],[-111.7942,75.1625],[-116.3122,75.0434],[-117.7104,75.2222],[-116.346,76.199],[-115.4049,76.4789],[-112.5906,76.1413],[-110.8142,75.5492],[-109.0671,75.4732],[-110.4973,76.4298],[-109.5811,76.7942],[-108.5486,76.6783],[-108.2114,76.2017]]],[[[-94.6841,77.0979],[-93.5739,76.7763],[-91.605,76.7785],[-90.7419,76.4496],[-90.9697,76.074],[-89.1871,75.6102],[-86.3792,75.4824],[-81.1285,75.714],[-80.0575,75.3369],[-79.8339,74.9231],[-81.9488,74.4425],[-89.7647,74.5156],[-92.4224,74.8378],[-92.8899,75.8827],[-93.8938,76.3192],[-95.9625,76.4414],[-97.1214,76.7511],[-96.7451,77.1614],[-94.6841,77.0979]]],[[[-116.1986,77.6453],[-116.3358,76.877],[-117.1061,76.53],[-121.5,75.9],[-122.8549,76.1165],[-119.1039,77.5122],[-116.1986,77.6453]]],[[[-93.84,77.52],[-96.1697,77.5551],[-96.4363,77.8346],[-94.4226,77.82],[-93.7207,77.6343],[-93.84,77.52]]],[[[-110.1869,77.697],[-112.0512,77.4092],[-113.5343,77.7322],[-112.7246,78.0511],[-109.8545,77.9963],[-110.1869,77.697]]],[[[-109.6632,78.602],[-112.5421,78.4079],[-111.5,78.85],[-109.6632,78.602]]],[[[-95.8303,78.0569],[-97.3098,77.8506],[-98.1243,78.0829],[-98.5529,78.4581],[-98.632,78.8719],[-96.7544,78.7658],[-95.5593,78.4183],[-95.8303,78.0569]]],[[[-100.0602,78.3248],[-99.6709,77.9075],[-102.9498,78.3432],[-105.1761,78.3803],[-104.2104,78.6774],[-105.4196,78.9183],[-105.4923,79.3016],[-100.8252,78.8005],[-100.0602,78.3248]]],[[[-87.02,79.66],[-85.8144,79.3369],[-89.0354,78.2872],[-90.8044,78.2153],[-92.8767,78.3433],[-93.9512,78.751],[-93.9357,79.1137],[-93.1452,79.3801],[-94.974,79.3725],[-96.0761,79.705],[-96.7097,80.1578],[-95.3235,80.9073],[-94.2984,80.9773],[-94.7354,81.2065],[-92.4098,81.2574],[-91.1329,80.7235],[-87.81,80.32],[-87.02,79.66]]],[[[-68.5,83.1063],[-61.85,82.6286],[-61.8939,82.3617],[-67.6576,81.5014],[-65.4803,81.5066],[-69.4697,80.6168],[-71.18,79.8],[-76.9077,79.3231],[-75.5292,79.1977],[-76.2205,79.0191],[-75.3935,78.5258],[-79.7595,77.2097],[-79.6197,76.9834],[-77.9109,77.0221],[-77.8891,76.778],[-80.5613,76.1781],[-83.1744,76.454],[-86.1118,76.299],[-89.4907,76.4724],[-89.6161,76.9521],[-87.7674,77.1783],[-88.26,77.9],[-84.9763,77.5387],[-86.34,78.18],[-87.9619,78.3718],[-87.152,78.7587],[-85.3787,78.9969],[-85.095,79.3454],[-86.5073,79.7362],[-86.9318,80.2515],[-83.4087,80.1],[-81.8482,80.4644],[-87.599,80.5163],[-89.3666,80.8557],[-91.3679,81.5531],[-91.587,81.8943],[-86.9702,82.2796],[-85.5,82.6523],[-83.18,82.32],[-82.42,82.86],[-79.3066,83.1306],[-68.5,83.1063]]],[[[-71.7124,19.7145],[-70.8067,19.8803],[-69.9508,19.648],[-69.7693,19.2933],[-69.2221,19.3132],[-69.2544,19.0152],[-68.3179,18.6122],[-68.6893,18.2051],[-69.9529,18.4283],[-70.5171,18.1843],[-70.6693,18.4269],[-71,18.2833],[-71.4002,17.5986],[-71.7083,18.045],[-72.3725,18.215],[-73.9224,18.031],[-74.458,18.3426],[-74.3699,18.6649],[-72.6949,18.4458],[-72.3349,18.6684],[-72.7917,19.1016],[-72.7841,19.4836],[-73.415,19.6396],[-73.1898,19.9157],[-71.7124,19.7145]]],[[[-77.5696,18.4905],[-76.8966,18.4009],[-76.1997,17.8869],[-77.2063,17.7011],[-78.3377,18.226],[-78.2177,18.4545],[-77.5696,18.4905]]],[[[-66.2824,18.5148],[-65.591,18.228],[-65.8472,17.9759],[-67.1842,17.9466],[-67.1007,18.5206],[-66.2824,18.5148]]],[[[-155.5421,19.0835],[-155.6882,18.9162],[-155.9367,19.0594],[-156.0735,19.7029],[-155.8611,20.2672],[-155.2245,19.993],[-154.8074,19.5087],[-155.5421,19.0835]]],[[[-156.0793,20.644],[-156.4145,20.5724],[-156.7106,20.9268],[-156.2571,20.9175],[-156.0793,20.644]]],[[[-157.6528,21.3222],[-158.1267,21.3124],[-158.2927,21.5791],[-158.0252,21.717],[-157.6528,21.3222]]],[[[-159.3451,21.982],[-159.8005,22.0653],[-159.3657,22.2149],[-159.3451,21.982]]],[[[-153.0063,57.1158],[-154.0051,56.7347],[-154.5164,56.9928],[-154.671,57.4612],[-153.2287,57.969],[-152.5648,57.9014],[-152.1412,57.5911],[-153.0063,57.1158]]],[[[-165.5792,59.91],[-166.1928,59.7544],[-167.4553,60.2131],[-165.6744,60.2936],[-165.5792,59.91]]],[[[-171.7317,63.7825],[-168.6894,63.2975],[-169.5294,62.9769],[-170.6714,63.3758],[-171.5531,63.3178],[-171.7911,63.4059],[-171.7317,63.7825]]],[[[-82.2682,23.1886],[-80.6188,23.106],[-79.2815,22.3992],[-78.3474,22.5122],[-76.5238,21.2068],[-75.5982,21.0166],[-75.6711,20.7351],[-74.9339,20.6939],[-74.178,20.2846],[-74.2967,20.0504],[-74.9616,19.9234],[-77.7555,19.8555],[-77.0851,20.4134],[-78.1373,20.74],[-78.7199,21.5981],[-79.285,21.5592],[-82.17,22.3871],[-81.795,22.637],[-82.7759,22.6882],[-84.0522,21.9106],[-84.9749,21.896],[-83.7782,22.7881],[-82.2682,23.1886]]],[[[-77.5347,23.7598],[-77.78,23.71],[-78.4085,24.5756],[-78.1909,25.2103],[-77.89,25.17],[-77.5347,23.7598]]],[[[-77.82,26.58],[-78.91,26.42],[-78.98,26.79],[-77.85,26.84],[-77.82,26.58]]],[[[-77,26.59],[-77.1726,25.8792],[-77.34,26.53],[-77.79,27.04],[-77,26.59]]],[[[-61.68,10.76],[-60.895,10.855],[-60.935,10.11],[-61.95,10.09],[-61.66,10.365],[-61.68,10.76]]],[[[-46.7638,82.628],[-43.4064,83.2252],[-39.8975,83.1802],[-38.6221,83.5491],[-27.1005,83.5197],[-20.8454,82.7267],[-22.6918,82.3417],[-31.9,82.2],[-31.3965,82.0215],[-27.8567,82.1318],[-24.8445,81.787],[-22.9033,82.0932],[-22.0718,81.7345],[-23.1696,81.1527],[-15.7682,81.9125],[-12.7702,81.7189],[-12.2086,81.2915],[-16.85,80.35],[-20.0462,80.1771],[-17.7304,80.1291],[-19.705,78.7513],[-19.6735,77.6386],[-18.4729,76.9857],[-21.6794,76.628],[-19.8341,76.0981],[-19.599,75.2484],[-20.6682,75.1559],[-19.3728,74.2956],[-21.5942,74.2238],[-20.4345,73.8171],[-20.7623,73.4644],[-23.5659,73.3066],[-22.3131,72.6293],[-22.2995,72.1841],[-24.2783,72.5979],[-24.793,72.3302],[-23.443,72.0802],[-22.1328,71.469],[-21.7536,70.6637],[-23.536,70.471],[-25.5434,71.4309],[-25.2014,70.7523],[-26.3628,70.2265],[-22.349,70.1295],[-27.7474,68.4705],[-31.7767,68.1208],[-32.8111,67.7355],[-34.202,66.6797],[-36.3528,65.9789],[-39.8122,65.4585],[-40.669,64.84],[-40.6828,64.139],[-41.1887,63.4825],[-42.8194,62.6823],[-42.4167,61.9009],[-43.3784,60.0977],[-44.7875,60.0368],[-46.2636,60.8533],[-48.2629,60.8584],[-49.2331,61.4068],[-49.9004,62.3834],[-51.6333,63.6269],[-52.1401,64.2784],[-52.2766,65.1767],[-53.6617,66.0996],[-53.3016,66.8365],[-53.9691,67.189],[-52.9804,68.3576],[-51.4754,68.7296],[-51.0804,69.1478],[-50.8712,69.9291],[-53.4563,69.2836],[-54.6834,69.61],[-54.75,70.2893],[-54.3588,70.8213],[-51.3901,70.5698],[-54.0042,71.5472],[-55,71.4065],[-55.8347,71.6544],[-54.7182,72.5863],[-57.3236,74.7103],[-58.5968,75.0986],[-58.5852,75.5173],[-61.2686,76.1024],[-68.5044,76.0614],[-71.4026,77.0086],[-66.764,77.376],[-71.0429,77.636],[-73.297,78.0442],[-73.1594,78.4327],[-65.7107,79.3944],[-65.3239,79.7581],[-68.023,80.1172],[-67.1513,80.5158],[-62.2344,81.3211],[-62.6512,81.7704],[-57.2074,82.1907],[-54.1344,82.1996],[-53.0433,81.8883],[-50.3906,82.4388],[-44.523,81.6607],[-46.9007,82.1998],[-46.7638,82.628]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"North America\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591183dbe4b0e541a03c1ad8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ralph, C. John","contributorId":71284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ralph","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunt, George L. Jr.","contributorId":56953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"George","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Raphael, Martin G.","contributorId":31322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raphael","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70187034,"text":"70187034 - 1995 - Digital image comparison by subtracting contextual transformations—percentile rank order differentiation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-19T12:18:30","indexId":"70187034","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Digital image comparison by subtracting contextual transformations—percentile rank order differentiation","docAbstract":"The common method of digital image comparison by subtraction imposes various constraints on the image contents. Precise registration of images is required to assure proper evaluation of surface locations. The attribute being measured and the calibration and scaling of the sensor are also important to the validity and interpretability of the subtraction result. Influences of sensor gains and offsets complicate the subtraction process. The presence of any uniform systematic transformation component in one of two images to be compared distorts the subtraction results and requires analyst intervention to interpret or remove it. A new technique has been developed to overcome these constraints. Images to be compared are first transformed using the cumulative relative frequency as a transfer function. The transformed images represent the contextual relationship of each surface location with respect to all others within the image. The process of differentiating between the transformed images results in a percentile rank ordered difference. This process produces consistent terrain-change information even when the above requirements necessary for subtraction are relaxed. This technique may be valuable to an appropriately designed hierarchical terrain-monitoring methodology because it does not require human participation in the process.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","usgsCitation":"Wehde, M.E., 1995, Digital image comparison by subtracting contextual transformations—percentile rank order differentiation: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 61, no. 10, p. 1273-1278.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1273","endPage":"1278","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339963,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f877c4e4b0b7ea54521c4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wehde, M. E.","contributorId":191158,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wehde","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185376,"text":"70185376 - 1995 - Characterization of a high-transmissivity zone by well test analysis: Steady state case","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T15:36:12","indexId":"70185376","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of a high-transmissivity zone by well test analysis: Steady state case","docAbstract":"A method is developed to analyze steady horizontal flow to a well pumped from a confined aquifer composed of two homogeneous zones with contrasting transmissivities. Zone 1 is laterally unbounded and encloses zone 2, which is elliptical in shape and is several orders of magnitude more transmissive than zone 1. The solution for head is obtained by the boundary integral equation method. Nonlinear least squares regression is used to estimate the model parameters, which include the transmissivity of zone 1, and the location, size, and orientation of zone 2. The method is applied to a hypothetical aquifer where zone 2 is a long and narrow zone of vertical fractures. Synthetic data are generated from three different well patterns, representing different areal coverage and proximity to the fracture zone. When zone 1 of the hypothetical aquifer is homogeneous, the method correctly estimates all model parameters. When zone 1 is a randomly heterogeneous transmissivity field, some parameter estimates, especially the length of zone 2, become highly uncertain. To reduce uncertainty, the pumped well should be close to the fracture zone, and surrounding observation wells should cover an area similar in dimension to the length of the fracture zone. Some prior knowledge of the fracture zone, such as that gained from a surface geophysical survey, would greatly aid in designing the well test.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/94WR01965","usgsCitation":"Tiedeman, C.R., Hsieh, P.A., and Christian, S.B., 1995, Characterization of a high-transmissivity zone by well test analysis: Steady state case: Water Resources Research, v. 31, no. 1, p. 27-37, https://doi.org/10.1029/94WR01965.","productDescription":"11 p. ","startPage":"27","endPage":"37","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337937,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d23b96e4b0236b68f8294e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tiedeman, Claire R. 0000-0002-0128-3685 tiedeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0128-3685","contributorId":196777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiedeman","given":"Claire","email":"tiedeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hsieh, Paul A. 0000-0003-4873-4874 pahsieh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4873-4874","contributorId":1634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hsieh","given":"Paul","email":"pahsieh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":39113,"text":"WMA - Office of Quality Assurance","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Christian, Sarah B.","contributorId":20739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christian","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70185368,"text":"70185368 - 1995 - Fluxes of water and solute in a coastal wetland sediment. l. The contribution of regional groundwater discharge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-07T14:35:33","indexId":"70185368","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluxes of water and solute in a coastal wetland sediment. l. The contribution of regional groundwater discharge","docAbstract":"Upward discharge of fresh groundwater into a mid-Atlantic intertidal wetland contributed 62% of the water needed to replace evapotranspiration losses from the sediment during an 11 day period in September. Infiltration during flooding by tides provided most of the balance; thus there was a net advection of salt into the sediment. The amount of groundwater discharge was estimated from changes in water storage in the sediment, as inferred from measurements of hydraulic head made every 10 min. We argue that this approach is inherently more accurate than calculating the flux as the product of hydraulic conductivity and head gradient. Evapotranspiration was estimated from direct measurements of net radiation. On an annual time-scale, our results suggest that groundwater discharge at this site may exceed the evapotranspiration flux during months of reduced evapotranspiration. Should this occur, groundwater-driven advection would supplement diffusion, during flooding, in removing salt from the sediment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(94)02561-O","usgsCitation":"Nuttle, W.K., and Harvey, J.W., 1995, Fluxes of water and solute in a coastal wetland sediment. l. The contribution of regional groundwater discharge: Journal of Hydrology, v. 164, no. 1-4, p. 89-107, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(94)02561-O.","productDescription":"19 p. ","startPage":"89","endPage":"107","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337929,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"164","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d23b96e4b0236b68f82951","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nuttle, William K.","contributorId":189603,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nuttle","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harvey, Judson W. 0000-0002-2654-9873 jwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":1796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","email":"jwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70188336,"text":"70188336 - 1995 - Stable isotopes in mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal systems: Interactions between fluids, minerals, and organisms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-06T12:53:31","indexId":"70188336","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Stable isotopes in mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal systems: Interactions between fluids, minerals, and organisms","docAbstract":"Studies of abundance variations of light stable isotopes in nature have had a tremendous impact on all aspects of geochemistry since the development, in 1947, of a gas source isotope ratio mass spectrometer capable of measuring small variations in stable isotope ratios (Nice, 1947]. Stable isotope geochemistry is now a mature field, as witnessed by the proliferation of commercially available mass spectrometers installed at virtually every major academic, government, and private-sector research geochemistry laboratory. A recent search of a literature database revealed over 3,000 articles that utilized stable isotope geochemistry over the last 20 years. Nonetheless, many exciting new technical developments are leading to exciting new discoveries and applications. In particular, micro-analytical techniques involving new generations of laser- and ion-microprobes are revolutionizing the types of analyses that can be done on spot sizes as small as a few tens of micrometers [Shanks and Criss, 1989]. New generations of conventional gas source and thermal ionization mass spectrometers, with high levels of automation and increased sensitivity and precision, are allowing analyses of large numbers of samples, like those needed for stable isotope stratigraphy in marine sediments, and are enabling the development and application of new isotopic systems.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Seafloor hydrothermal systems: Physical, chemical, biological, and geological interactions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/GM091p0194","usgsCitation":"Shanks, W.C., Bohlke, J., and Seal,, R., 1995, Stable isotopes in mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal systems: Interactions between fluids, minerals, and organisms, chap. of Seafloor hydrothermal systems: Physical, chemical, biological, and geological interactions, p. 194-221, https://doi.org/10.1029/GM091p0194.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"194","endPage":"221","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342150,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-03-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5937bf32e4b0f6c2d0d9c7cd","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Humphries, S.D.","contributorId":21377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Humphries","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697271,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zierenberg, Robert A.","contributorId":91883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zierenberg","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697272,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mullineaux, Lauren S.","contributorId":17377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullineaux","given":"Lauren","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697273,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thomson, Richard E.","contributorId":192653,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomson","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697274,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Shanks, Wayne C. III","contributorId":53432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanks","given":"Wayne","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":191103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"J.K.","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seal,, Robert R. II 0000-0003-0901-2529 rseal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":141204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal,","given":"Robert R.","suffix":"II","email":"rseal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018938,"text":"70018938 - 1995 - Comparison of the petrography, palynology, and paleobotany of the Little Fire Creek coal bed, southwestern Virginia, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-12T16:40:04.112815","indexId":"70018938","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of the petrography, palynology, and paleobotany of the Little Fire Creek coal bed, southwestern Virginia, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Two continuous cores that penetrated the Lower Pennsylvanian Little Fire Creek coal bed in the Southwestern coal field in southwestern Virginia were sampled and X-ray radiographed to determine subunit distinctions. Comparison of petrographic, palynologic, and paleobotanic data from the same sample sets from the two cores allowed for comparison of compositional data within the Little Fire Creek coal bed. The proximate, petrographic, palynologic, and plant tissue data from two sets of samples indicate a high ash, gelocollinite- and liptinite-rich coal consisting of a relatively diverse paleoflora, including lycopsid trees, small lycopsids, tree ferns, small ferns, pteridosperms (seed ferns), and rare calamites and cordaites. The relatively very high ash yields (3–80 wt%), the relatively thin subunits (1–28 cm), and the large scale vertical variations in palynomorph floras suggest that the study area was at the edge of the paleopea-forming environment. As a result, most of the compositional correspondences are among those components indicative of degradation or decomposition.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0146-6380(95)90008-X","usgsCitation":"Pierce, B., Eble, C.F., and Stanton, R., 1995, Comparison of the petrography, palynology, and paleobotany of the Little Fire Creek coal bed, southwestern Virginia, U.S.A.: Organic Geochemistry, v. 22, no. 1, p. 51-71, https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(95)90008-X.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"71","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226715,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","county":"Lee County, Scott County","otherGeospatial":"southwestern Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-82.8775,36.8927],[-82.8705,36.8879],[-82.8674,36.8849],[-82.863,36.8768],[-82.8511,36.8699],[-82.8518,36.8645],[-82.8437,36.8579],[-82.8491,36.855],[-82.8494,36.8501],[-82.8454,36.8464],[-82.8353,36.8481],[-82.7796,36.8069],[-82.7697,36.7987],[-82.7679,36.7998],[-82.7683,36.8014],[-82.7693,36.8042],[-82.7697,36.806],[-82.7695,36.8077],[-82.7684,36.81],[-82.7677,36.8106],[-82.7659,36.8115],[-82.7551,36.8259],[-82.7479,36.8304],[-82.7409,36.83],[-82.7286,36.8291],[-82.7249,36.833],[-82.7221,36.8316],[-82.7227,36.8258],[-82.7144,36.8225],[-82.7064,36.8227],[-82.7032,36.8174],[-82.6988,36.8166],[-82.6923,36.8198],[-82.6898,36.822],[-82.6852,36.8247],[-82.6775,36.8335],[-82.6763,36.8343],[-82.6584,36.8442],[-82.6555,36.8483],[-82.6505,36.8616],[-82.6345,36.8783],[-82.6182,36.8806],[-82.5973,36.8811],[-82.5714,36.8816],[-82.5448,36.8822],[-82.5181,36.8828],[-82.4919,36.8834],[-82.4638,36.884],[-82.4377,36.8843],[-82.4038,36.8855],[-82.401,36.8855],[-82.3992,36.8814],[-82.4015,36.8795],[-82.4077,36.8779],[-82.3905,36.8434],[-82.3568,36.7797],[-82.3372,36.7218],[-82.3329,36.712],[-82.3216,36.685],[-82.303,36.6178],[-82.293,36.5959],[-82.4966,36.5947],[-82.6098,36.5944],[-82.7597,36.5941],[-82.8301,36.5942],[-82.9851,36.5941],[-83.021,36.5941],[-83.2538,36.5942],[-83.2742,36.6001],[-83.472,36.5975],[-83.4899,36.598],[-83.5926,36.5982],[-83.6245,36.5987],[-83.6477,36.6009],[-83.6748,36.6012],[-83.669,36.6071],[-83.6632,36.612],[-83.6562,36.6158],[-83.6515,36.6195],[-83.648,36.6229],[-83.6416,36.6253],[-83.6359,36.6261],[-83.6293,36.6273],[-83.6266,36.6278],[-83.6214,36.6295],[-83.6175,36.6312],[-83.6139,36.6339],[-83.6104,36.6369],[-83.6069,36.6383],[-83.6011,36.6401],[-83.5991,36.64],[-83.5921,36.6431],[-83.5798,36.6424],[-83.566,36.6483],[-83.5533,36.6525],[-83.5372,36.6586],[-83.5296,36.6648],[-83.4994,36.671],[-83.4979,36.6711],[-83.4939,36.6708],[-83.4893,36.6701],[-83.4841,36.6693],[-83.4788,36.6684],[-83.4777,36.6682],[-83.4702,36.6674],[-83.465,36.6668],[-83.4604,36.6668],[-83.4553,36.6677],[-83.4483,36.6688],[-83.4397,36.6696],[-83.4334,36.6693],[-83.4324,36.6693],[-83.4284,36.6693],[-83.425,36.6699],[-83.4221,36.67],[-83.4147,36.6716],[-83.408,36.6736],[-83.4034,36.6756],[-83.397,36.6789],[-83.3935,36.6823],[-83.3887,36.6855],[-83.3841,36.689],[-83.3784,36.6909],[-83.3707,36.6934],[-83.3638,36.6946],[-83.3506,36.699],[-83.3354,36.7041],[-83.3184,36.7083],[-83.3175,36.7085],[-83.2949,36.7138],[-83.2719,36.7194],[-83.2654,36.7209],[-83.2475,36.7256],[-83.2316,36.7301],[-83.2307,36.7303],[-83.2104,36.7358],[-83.2018,36.7379],[-83.1958,36.7393],[-83.1901,36.74],[-83.1816,36.7411],[-83.1695,36.7411],[-83.1586,36.7411],[-83.1494,36.7414],[-83.1448,36.7418],[-83.1413,36.7421],[-83.1374,36.7438],[-83.1354,36.7457],[-83.1327,36.7491],[-83.1301,36.7523],[-83.1283,36.7568],[-83.1281,36.7576],[-83.1293,36.7638],[-83.1306,36.7722],[-83.1309,36.7785],[-83.131,36.7787],[-83.1331,36.7822],[-83.1332,36.7838],[-83.1331,36.7845],[-83.1249,36.7867],[-83.1223,36.7883],[-83.1162,36.792],[-83.112,36.796],[-83.1102,36.7987],[-83.108,36.801],[-83.106,36.804],[-83.1032,36.8071],[-83.1015,36.8089],[-83.0995,36.8103],[-83.0982,36.8134],[-83.0977,36.8145],[-83.0973,36.8172],[-83.0968,36.8199],[-83.0974,36.8225],[-83.0975,36.8245],[-83.0978,36.8281],[-83.0977,36.8311],[-83.0958,36.8327],[-83.0941,36.8342],[-83.0876,36.8386],[-83.0834,36.8403],[-83.0801,36.8412],[-83.0772,36.8416],[-83.0749,36.8419],[-83.0732,36.8438],[-83.0728,36.8461],[-83.0729,36.8483],[-83.0724,36.8511],[-83.0699,36.8528],[-83.0676,36.8541],[-83.0647,36.8536],[-83.0599,36.8532],[-83.0521,36.8529],[-83.0484,36.8534],[-83.044,36.854],[-83.0382,36.8553],[-83.0324,36.8556],[-83.0278,36.8551],[-83.0262,36.8544],[-83.0261,36.8534],[-83.0246,36.8509],[-83.0203,36.8495],[-83.0128,36.8474],[-83.0067,36.847],[-83.0042,36.8505],[-83.004,36.8506],[-83.0034,36.8508],[-82.9989,36.8559],[-82.9853,36.859],[-82.9806,36.8586],[-82.9738,36.8589],[-82.9693,36.8595],[-82.9615,36.861],[-82.9511,36.8655],[-82.9324,36.8708],[-82.9244,36.8726],[-82.9193,36.8737],[-82.9152,36.8746],[-82.9124,36.8752],[-82.9092,36.8762],[-82.9073,36.8776],[-82.905,36.8793],[-82.9049,36.8794],[-82.8934,36.8815],[-82.885,36.8882],[-82.8837,36.8887],[-82.8799,36.891],[-82.8775,36.8927]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Lee\",\"state\":\"VA\"}}]}","volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f8b0e4b0c8380cd4d21f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pierce, Brenda","contributorId":29940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"Brenda","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eble, Cortland F.","contributorId":255518,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eble","given":"Cortland","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":51568,"text":"Kentucky Geological Survey, U. of Kentucky","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":381149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stanton, R.W.","contributorId":19164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018936,"text":"70018936 - 1995 - The 40Ar/39Ar ages and tectonic setting of the Middle Eocene northeast Nevada volcanic field","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-25T12:11:47.337581","indexId":"70018936","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 40Ar/39Ar ages and tectonic setting of the Middle Eocene northeast Nevada volcanic field","docAbstract":"Widespread middle to late Eocene calc-alkalic volcanism, which formed the Northeast Nevada Volcanic Field, marks the earliest Tertiary volcanism in the northern Basin and Range. The central part of this major field in northeast Nevada and adjacent Utah is herein defined by 23 40Ar/39Ar ages that range from 42.6 to 39.0 Ma, rock chemistry from 12 localities, stratigraphic position of the volcanic rocks above a regional middle Eocene unconformity, volcanic setting, and lithology. The type area is at Nanny Creek, in the northern Pequop Mountains, Nevada, where rhyolite ash flow tuffs are overlain by a thick section of intercalated andesitic to dacitic flows and flow breccias and rhyolite ash flow tuffs. The intermediate composition rocks are locally derived throughout the volcanic field, whereas the sources for rhyolite ash flow tuffs are unknown. The uniform and widespread occurrence of the andesitic and dacitic flows and flow breccias strongly suggests that the upper crust was perforated by intermediate composition magma across the entire region. In the central part of the field the middle Eocene volcanic rocks rest with depositional angular discordance on deformed middle Paleozoic to Triassic strata; ostracode-bearing limestone, probably of early Eocene age, is locally present below the volcanic rocks. In the western and southeastern parts of the field these middle Eocene volcanic rocks rest with depositional angular discordance on lower Eocene lacustrine strata of the Elko and White Sage Formations, respectively. This angular discordance documents a middle Eocene deformational event previously unrecognized in the region.
We compared predatory demand by pelagic planktivorous prey fish with invertebrate production in Lake Michigan during 1987 and in Lake Ontario during 1990. Predation by the planktivores in Lake Ontario was nearly fourfold higher than in Lake Michigan (approx. 87 g wet weight∙m−2∙year−1). Predation rates on Mysis were comparable in Lakes Michigan and Ontario (approx. 21 g∙m−2∙year−1), while predation on Diporeia was markedly higher in Lake Michigan than in Lake Ontario (21.3 vs. 8.5 g wet weight∙m−2∙year−1). In Lake Ontario, predatory demand on zooplankton exceeded our best estimate of production by a factor of 1.7. Similarly, predation estimates on Mysis in Lake Ontario were 1.2–2.0 times the estimated rate of production, depending on the production model used. Lake Michigan planktivores consumed approximately 55% of available zooplankton production in 1987, indicating that competition for prey resources, if operating, was not as intense as that in Lake Ontario in 1990. It is unclear how to resolve the paradox that predation could markedly exceed available prey production in some cases. There could be sources of error in the estimates of both the supply and demand sides of these trophic relationships.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f95-148","usgsCitation":"Rand, P.S., Stewart, D.J., Lantry, B.F., Rudstam, L.G., Johannsson, O.E., Goyke, A.P., Brandt, S., O’Gorman, R., and Eck, G.W., 1995, Effect of lake-wide planktivory by the pelagic prey fish community in Lakes Michigan and Ontario: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 52, no. 7, p. 1546-1563, https://doi.org/10.1139/f95-148.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1546","endPage":"1563","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321719,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57481e2ee4b07e28b664db9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rand, Peter S.","contributorId":63765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rand","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, Donald J.","contributorId":33660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lantry, Brian F. 0000-0001-8797-3910 bflantry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8797-3910","contributorId":3435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lantry","given":"Brian","email":"bflantry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rudstam, Lars G.","contributorId":56609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rudstam","given":"Lars","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":630398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johannsson, Ora E.","contributorId":25527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johannsson","given":"Ora","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Goyke, Andrew P.","contributorId":169636,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goyke","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brandt, Stephen B.","contributorId":29588,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brandt","given":"Stephen B.","affiliations":[{"id":12452,"text":"Oregon Sea Grant","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":630401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"O’Gorman, Robert rogorman@usgs.gov","contributorId":3451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Gorman","given":"Robert","email":"rogorman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":630402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Eck, Gary W.","contributorId":106053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eck","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70019161,"text":"70019161 - 1995 - Using GIS for verification of bathymetric data from Long Island sound","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:16","indexId":"70019161","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Using GIS for verification of bathymetric data from Long Island sound","docAbstract":"Accurate depiction of the topography of the seafloor in coastal areas is needed for modeling of ecosystems and processes, and also as a framework for analyzing and displaying information used in management decisions. Often, errors must be corrected before acquired digital data bases can be used. To create an acceptable data set, two corrected versions of a Long Island Sound data base were compared with each other and with contours produced prior to the compilation of the digital data base.","largerWorkTitle":"Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 9th 1995 Conference on Coastal Zone","conferenceDate":"16 July 1995 through 21 July 1995","conferenceLocation":"Tampa, FL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","usgsCitation":"Grim, M.S., Seekins, B.A., and Chase, T., 1995, Using GIS for verification of bathymetric data from Long Island sound, in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management, Tampa, FL, USA, 16 July 1995 through 21 July 1995, p. 159-160.","startPage":"159","endPage":"160","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226729,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc00fe4b08c986b329edd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grim, Muriel S.","contributorId":85591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grim","given":"Muriel","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seekins, Barbara A.","contributorId":64400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seekins","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chase, Thomas E.","contributorId":23916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chase","given":"Thomas E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70187033,"text":"70187033 - 1995 - Assessment of forest fragmentation in southern New England using remote sensing and geographic information systems technology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-20T11:08:00","indexId":"70187033","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of forest fragmentation in southern New England using remote sensing and geographic information systems technology","docAbstract":"Spatial patterns and rates of forest fragmentation were assessed using digital remote sensing data for a region in southern New England that included 157 townships in southern New Hampshire and northeastern Massachusetts. The study area has undergone marked population increases over the last several decades. Following classification of 1973 and 1988 Landsat Multispectral Scanner data into forest and nonforest classes, data were incorporated into a geographic information system. The natural logarithms of forest area to perimeter ratios, referred to as the forest continuity index, were used to assess patterns and trends of forest fragmentation across the region Forest continuity index values were extracted from each township for both data sets and compared with population data. Forest continuity index values were found to decrease with increasing population density until about 200 persons per square kilometer, after which the relationship stabilized. With slight population increases at low densities forest continuity index values declined sharply, implying abrupt increases in forest fragmentation. Results from the study indicated good negative correlations (r2 values of 0.81 and 0.77) between the Multispectral Scanner-derived forest continuity index and natural logs of township population density. Socioeconomic indicators such as affluence and commuting patterns did not appear to correlate well with forest fragmentation estimates. Decreases in forest continuity index values occurred throughout much of the study region between 1973 and 1988, suggesting that forest fragmentation is occurring over large regions within the eastern United States. It is technologically feasible to assess patterns and rates of forest fragmentation across much larger areas than analyzed in this study; such analyses would provide useful overviews enabling objective assessment of the magnitude of forest fragmentation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1523-1739.1995.9020439.x","usgsCitation":"Vogelmann, J., 1995, Assessment of forest fragmentation in southern New England using remote sensing and geographic information systems technology: Conservation Biology, v. 9, no. 2, p. 439-449, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1995.9020439.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"439","endPage":"449","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339961,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts, New Hampshire","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.4053955078125,\n 42.26511445833756\n ],\n [\n -70.5487060546875,\n 42.26511445833756\n ],\n [\n -70.5487060546875,\n 43.329173667843904\n ],\n [\n -72.4053955078125,\n 43.329173667843904\n ],\n [\n -72.4053955078125,\n 42.26511445833756\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-01-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f877c4e4b0b7ea54521c4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vogelmann, James E. 0000-0002-0804-5823 vogel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0804-5823","contributorId":649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogelmann","given":"James E.","email":"vogel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":692022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70182281,"text":"70182281 - 1995 - Comparison of the polymerases (L genes) of spring viirenira of carp virus and infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-22T13:23:50","indexId":"70182281","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3689,"text":"Veterinary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of the polymerases (L genes) of spring viirenira of carp virus and infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Bjorklund, H., Emmenegger, E., and Kurath, G., 1995, Comparison of the polymerases (L genes) of spring viirenira of carp virus and infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus: Veterinary Research, v. 26, p. 394-398.","productDescription":"5 p. ","startPage":"394","endPage":"398","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335966,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58aeb144e4b01ccd54f9ee60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bjorklund, H.V.","contributorId":152581,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bjorklund","given":"H.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Emmenegger, E.J.","contributorId":7463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emmenegger","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kurath, Gael 0000-0003-3294-560X gkurath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-560X","contributorId":100522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"Gael","email":"gkurath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":670360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70186255,"text":"70186255 - 1995 - Survey of geographical information system and image processing software","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T11:51:55","indexId":"70186255","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survey of geographical information system and image processing software","docAbstract":"The Global Resource Information Database—a part of the United Nations Environment Programme—conducts a bi-annual survey of geographical information system (GIS) and image processing (IP) software. This survey makes information about software products available in developing countries. The 1993 survey showed that the number of installations of GIS, IP, and related software products increased dramatically from 1991 to 1993, mostly in North America and Europe.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01431169508954405","usgsCitation":"Vanderzee, D., and Singh, A., 1995, Survey of geographical information system and image processing software: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 16, no. 2, p. 383-389, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431169508954405.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"383","endPage":"389","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339025,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-05-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e35f8ee4b09da67997ecde","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vanderzee, D.","contributorId":190281,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vanderzee","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Singh, A.","contributorId":61211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singh","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70019162,"text":"70019162 - 1995 - Sidescan-sonar surveys of critical habitats in Long Island Sound, Connecticut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:10","indexId":"70019162","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Sidescan-sonar surveys of critical habitats in Long Island Sound, Connecticut","docAbstract":"The Long Island Sound estuary is located in the most densely populated region of the U.S.. Due to the enormous surrounding population, large inputs of anthropogenic wastes and toxic chemicals, benthic habitats were degraded. To address this environmental problem, sidescan-sonar mosaics are being developed within specific areas of critical concern. Detailed bathymetric and high-resolution seismic-reflection data assist in interpretations of relief, to relate bottom features to the underlying stratigraphy, and to estimate thicknesses of surficial sediments. To date, several continuous-coverage sidescan-sonar surveys have been completed. These surveys show that the sedimentary environments and benthic habitats in Long Island Sound vary spatially over short distances.","largerWorkTitle":"Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 9th 1995 Conference on Coastal Zone","conferenceDate":"16 July 1995 through 21 July 1995","conferenceLocation":"Tampa, FL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","usgsCitation":"Poppe, L., Lewis, R.S., Zajac, R., Twichell, D., and Knebel, H., 1995, Sidescan-sonar surveys of critical habitats in Long Island Sound, Connecticut, in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management, Tampa, FL, USA, 16 July 1995 through 21 July 1995, p. 359-360.","startPage":"359","endPage":"360","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226730,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8f08e4b08c986b318cb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poppe, L. J.","contributorId":72782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"L.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lewis, R. S.","contributorId":19951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zajac, Roman","contributorId":39060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zajac","given":"Roman","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Twichell, D.C.","contributorId":84304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"D.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Knebel, H.J.","contributorId":79092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knebel","given":"H.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70184277,"text":"70184277 - 1995 - Estimating prefledging survival: Allowing for brood mixing and dependence among brood mates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-06T17:12:00","indexId":"70184277","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating prefledging survival: Allowing for brood mixing and dependence among brood mates","docAbstract":"Estimates of juvenile survival from hatch to fledging provide important information on waterfowl productivity. We develop a model for estimating survival of young waterfowl from hatch to fledging. Our model enables interchange of individuals among broods and relaxes the assumption that individuals within broods have independent survival probabilities. The model requires repeated observations of individually identifiable adults and their offspring that are not individually identifiable. A modified Kaplan-Meier procedure (Pollock et al. 1989a,b) and a modified Mayfield procedure (Mayfield 1961, 1975; Johnson 1979) can be used under this general modeling framework, and survival rates and corresponding variances of the point estimators can be determined.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3802450","usgsCitation":"Flint, P.L., Pollock, K.H., Thomas, D., and Sedinger, J.S., 1995, Estimating prefledging survival: Allowing for brood mixing and dependence among brood mates: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 59, no. 3, p. 448-455, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802450.","productDescription":"8","startPage":"448","endPage":"455","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336904,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58be833fe4b014cc3a3a9a1d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":680856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pollock, Kenneth H.","contributorId":8590,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomas, Dana","contributorId":187556,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"Dana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sedinger, James S.","contributorId":84861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sedinger","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12742,"text":"University of Nevada Reno","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":680859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}