Subadult rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) stocked at 48 kg/m3 (3 lb/ft3) were subjected to treatments of tank design (rectangular plug flow, circular, and cylindrical cross flow) and water exchange rate (1·5 and 2·5 exchanges/h) to determine their effects on fish behavior, growth, and metabolism. Ambient light levels and current velocities were also measured in each of three tank sectors (upstream, middle, and downstream) to determine their relative contributions to behavioral effects. Tank design significantly affected fish orientation to current, contact time with tank surfaces, and frequency of agonistic encounters, though aggression levels were relatively low overall. Gradients in fish distribution by sector were greatest in plug-flow tanks. Effects were either modified or eliminated by increasing the water exchange rate from 1·5 to 2·5/h. Multiple-regression analysis showed the following hieararchy of independent-variable effects on fish distribution: tank type > exchange rate > aggression level > current velocity > light level.
Significant effects of tank design were also observed on fish growth in terms of biomass gain (cross flow > plug flow > circular). These results were matched in metabolic studies, where both oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion were highest in circular and lowest in cross-flow tanks. Reduction (cross-flow compared with circular tanks) in oxygen consumption averaged 13·6%, ammonia excretion 17·5%. These results were also modified by an increase in water exchange rate. Tank-design effects on fish metabolism and growth may be mediated, at least partly, through changes in fish behavior.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0144-8609(94)P4425-B","usgsCitation":"Ross, R.M., Watten, B.J., Krise, W.F., DiLauro, M.N., and Soderberg, R.W., 1995, Influence of tank design and hydraulic loading on the behavior, growth, and metabolism of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Aquacultural Engineering, v. 14, no. 1, p. 29-47, https://doi.org/10.1016/0144-8609(94)P4425-B.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"47","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129433,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f1e4b07f02db5ee63f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ross, Robert M.","contributorId":62562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watten, Barnaby J. 0000-0002-2227-8623 bwatten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2227-8623","contributorId":2002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watten","given":"Barnaby","email":"bwatten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":320966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krise, W. F.","contributorId":50842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krise","given":"W.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DiLauro, M. N.","contributorId":75475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DiLauro","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Soderberg, R. W.","contributorId":93855,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Soderberg","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1014713,"text":"1014713 - 1995 - Can otolith microchemistry chart patterns of migration and habitat utilization in anadromous fishes?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-30T14:53:26.234633","indexId":"1014713","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2277,"text":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Can otolith microchemistry chart patterns of migration and habitat utilization in anadromous fishes?","docAbstract":"Seasonal and ontogenetic patterns in estuarine and coastal migrations of anadromous fish species have important consequences to their survival, growth, recruitment, and reproduction. We tested the hypothesis that otolith (sagitta) microchemistry can document the environmental history of individual fish across an estuarine salinity gradient. Juvenile striped bass, Morone saxatilis (Walbaum), (80 days posthatch) were reared for 3 wk in aquaria at two temperatures and six salinities. The ratio of strontium/calcium (
Between 1989 and 1991, reproduction by black-crowned night-herons (Nycticorax nycticorax) and snowy egrets (Egretta thula) was studied at sites in San Francisco Bay. Eggs were collected from these and other bay sites and from South Wilbur Flood Area, a reference site in California's San Joaquin Valley. Eggs were analyzed for inorganic trace elements, organochlorine pesticides, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Results were compared among sites and years and with results of previous studies. There was some evidence of impaired reproduction, but concentrations of contaminants were generally lower than threshold levels for such effects. Egg hatchability was generally good, with predation being the factor that most limited reproductive success. Mean PCB concentrations were generally higher in eggs from the south end of San Francisco Bay than from the north, but the only temporal change, an increase, was observed at Alcatraz Island. There were spatial differences for p,p′-DDE in night-heron eggs in 1990, but the highest mean concentration of DDE was in night-heron eggs from South Wilbur in 1991. Temporal declines in maximum concentrations of DDE in eggs were observed in the bay, but means did not change significantly over time. At Bair Island in the southern end of the bay, mean concentrations of mercury decreased while selenium increased in night-heron eggs over time, but there were no clear bay-wide spatial or temporal trends for either element.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620140808","usgsCitation":"Hothem, R.L., Marois, K.C., Wainwright, S., Roster, D., King, K.A., and Keldsen, T., 1995, Spatial and temporal trends of contaminants in eggs of wading birds from San Francisco Bay, California: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 14, no. 8, p. 1319-1331, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620140808.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1319","endPage":"1331","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130270,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1995-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6f57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hothem, R. L.","contributorId":82633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hothem","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marois, Katherine C.","contributorId":10000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marois","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wainwright, S.E.","contributorId":53911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wainwright","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roster, D.L.","contributorId":16779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roster","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"King, Kirk A.","contributorId":9203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Kirk","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Keldsen, T.J.","contributorId":23240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keldsen","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":1007851,"text":"1007851 - 1995 - Benefits of protective fencing to plant and rodent communities of the western Mojave Desert, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-17T15:48:56.624958","indexId":"1007851","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Benefits of protective fencing to plant and rodent communities of the western Mojave Desert, California","docAbstract":"Human disturbance in the western Mojave Desert takes many forms. The most pervasive are livestock grazing and off-highway vehicle use. Over the past few decades several areas within this region have been fenced to preclude human disturbance. These areas provide opportunities to study the impact of human activities in a desert ecosystem. This paper documents the response of plant and small mammal populations to fencing constructed between 1978 and 1979 at the Desert Tortoise Research Natural Area, Kern County, California.
Aboveground live annual plant biomass was generally greater inside than outside the fenced plots during April 1990, 1991, and 1992. The alien grassSchismus barbatus was a notable exception, producing more biomass in the unprotected area. Forb biomass was greater than that of alien annual grasses inside the fence during all three years of the study. Outside the fence, forb biomass was significantly higher than that of alien grasses only during spring 1992. Percent cover of perennial shrubs was higher inside the fence than outside, while no significant trend was detected in density. There was als more seed biomass inside the fence; this may have contributed to the greater diversity and density of Merriam's kangaroo rats (Dipodomys merriami), long-tailed pocket mice (Chaetodipus formosus), and southern grasshopper mice (Onychomys torridus) in the protected area.
These results show that protection from human disturbance has many benefits, including greater overall community biomass and diversity. The significance and generality of these results can be further tested by studying other exclosures of varying age and configurations in different desert regions of the southwestern United States.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02472004","usgsCitation":"Brooks, M., 1995, Benefits of protective fencing to plant and rodent communities of the western Mojave Desert, California: Environmental Management, v. 19, p. 65-74, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02472004.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"65","endPage":"74","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130125,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.35254767919126,\n 35.72614254049901\n ],\n [\n -117.35254767919126,\n 34.159234754911665\n ],\n [\n -115.2102136948165,\n 34.159234754911665\n ],\n [\n -115.2102136948165,\n 35.72614254049901\n ],\n [\n -117.35254767919126,\n 35.72614254049901\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b71f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, M.L.","contributorId":70322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1007911,"text":"1007911 - 1995 - Habitat preferences of wintering shorebirds in a temporally changing environment: Western sandpipers in the San Francisco Bay estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-26T16:40:44","indexId":"1007911","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat preferences of wintering shorebirds in a temporally changing environment: Western sandpipers in the San Francisco Bay estuary","docAbstract":"We examined habitat preferences of 106 radio-marked Western Sandpipers (Calidris mauri) in the San Francisco Bay estuary during winter and spring at two scales: comparing proportions of habitats in their home range with habitats available in the study area (second-order selection), and comparing proportions of radio locations in different habitats with their availability in the home range (third-order selection). Daily and seasonal habitat preferences differed significantly as habitat availability changed temporally. Under second-order selection, Western Sandpipers preferred tidal sloughs and mud flats on winter low tides, and salt-pond levees at high tides. They preferred salt-pond levees and mud flats at low tides, and salt-pond levees at high tides under third-order selection. During the spring, their preferred habitats were drained and tidal salt ponds, and seasonal wetlands at high tide. At low tide, their preferred habitats were tidal sloughs and tidal salt ponds. Salt-marsh plains were the least preferred habitats during both seasons. Adults were more selective than juveniles in use of low tide habitats, but salt-pond levees were the most preferred habitats for both. Habitat preferences varied considerably when different estimates of habitat availability and use were used. If mud-flat habitats were measured as linear foraging areas along the tide line, the preference for those habitats increased from second to first. When second-order selection was estimated from radio locations rather than home ranges, the resulting composition was similar to third-order selection. Our results suggest that regional conservation plans that restore salt marshes for the benefit of endangered species must consider the effects of losing artificial salt-pond habitats, which are locally important for sandpipers.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4089023","usgsCitation":"Warnock, S., and Takekawa, J.Y., 1995, Habitat preferences of wintering shorebirds in a temporally changing environment: Western sandpipers in the San Francisco Bay estuary: The Auk, v. 112, no. 4, p. 920-930, https://doi.org/10.2307/4089023.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"920","endPage":"930","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479262,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4089023","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":129942,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"112","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db64876b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warnock, S.E.","contributorId":67458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warnock","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":316273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1007931,"text":"1007931 - 1995 - Geckos of the genusLepidodactylus (Squamata: Reptilia) in Micronesia: Description of a new species and re-evaluation of the status of Gecko moestus Peters, 1867","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-01T01:36:53.185982","indexId":"1007931","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1337,"text":"Copeia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geckos of the genusLepidodactylus (Squamata: Reptilia) in Micronesia: Description of a new species and re-evaluation of the status of Gecko moestus Peters, 1867","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists (ASIH)","doi":"10.2307/1446813","usgsCitation":"Ota, H., Fisher, R., Ineich, I., and Case, T.J., 1995, Geckos of the genusLepidodactylus (Squamata: Reptilia) in Micronesia: Description of a new species and re-evaluation of the status of Gecko moestus Peters, 1867: Copeia, v. 1995, p. 183-195, https://doi.org/10.2307/1446813.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"183","endPage":"195","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131213,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1995","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b10ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ota, H.","contributorId":79425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ota","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":51675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":316320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ineich, I.","contributorId":99505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ineich","given":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Case, T. J.","contributorId":77078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Case","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1007934,"text":"1007934 - 1995 - Repertoire, structure, and individual variation of vocalizations in the sea otter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-27T00:12:01.54566","indexId":"1007934","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Repertoire, structure, and individual variation of vocalizations in the sea otter","docAbstract":"Vocalizations of the California sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis) were recorded from wild and captive adults and young and analyzed spectrographically. Parameters measured from the sonagrams included fundamental frequency, duration, maximum frequency, intercall interval, and the location and amplitude of energy peaks. We identified 10 basic vocal categories, one of which consisted of graded signals. The contexts for each call, when known or suspected, are described. Discriminant analysis of the spectrographic parameters for the scream call showed significant differences among individuals for adult females and young. Using only the parameters quantified, each call was assigned correctly to the individual that produced it with 80% accuracy for mothers and 75% for young, thus, indicating that the potential exists for individual vocal recognition in the sea otter. The sea otter's vocal repertoire is similar in complexity to that of certain pinnipeds, but may be less complex than that of several species of social cetaceans and primates. In general, the sea otter's vocal patterns have characteristics thought to be most suitable for short-range communication among familiar individuals.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1382352","usgsCitation":"McShane, L., Estes, J.A., Riedman, M.L., and Staedler, M., 1995, Repertoire, structure, and individual variation of vocalizations in the sea otter: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 76, p. 414-427, https://doi.org/10.2307/1382352.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"414","endPage":"427","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131310,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db63403d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McShane, L.J.","contributorId":105671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McShane","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Estes, J. A.","contributorId":53319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Riedman, Marianne L.","contributorId":89079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riedman","given":"Marianne","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Staedler, M. M.","contributorId":101603,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Staedler","given":"M. 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A.","contributorId":53319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Winter, F.C.","contributorId":18313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"F.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1007852,"text":"1007852 - 1995 - Estimating ages of giant sequoias","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:19","indexId":"1007852","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1170,"text":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating ages of giant sequoias","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Stephenson, N., and Demetry, A., 1995, Estimating ages of giant sequoias: Canadian Journal of Forest Research, v. 25, p. 223-233.","productDescription":"p. 223-233","startPage":"223","endPage":"233","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130148,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc9a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stephenson, N.L.","contributorId":17559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Demetry, A.","contributorId":57013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demetry","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1007895,"text":"1007895 - 1995 - Historic distribution, current status and range extension of Bufo boreas in Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:17","indexId":"1007895","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1898,"text":"Herpetological Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Historic distribution, current status and range extension of Bufo boreas in Utah","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Herpetological Review","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Ross, D., Esque, T., Fridell, R., and Hovingh, P., 1995, Historic distribution, current status and range extension of Bufo boreas in Utah: Herpetological Review, v. 26, p. 187-188.","productDescription":"p. 187-188","startPage":"187","endPage":"188","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130139,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a58e4b07f02db62efb0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ross, D.A.","contributorId":89089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Esque, T. C. 0000-0002-4166-6234","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4166-6234","contributorId":76250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esque","given":"T. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fridell, R.A.","contributorId":35684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fridell","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hovingh, P.","contributorId":55773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hovingh","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1007952,"text":"1007952 - 1995 - Geographic Distribution. Serpentes. Lampropeltis triangulum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:19","indexId":"1007952","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1898,"text":"Herpetological Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geographic Distribution. Serpentes. Lampropeltis triangulum","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Herpetological Review","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Holycross, A., and Schwalbe, C., 1995, Geographic Distribution. Serpentes. Lampropeltis triangulum: Herpetological Review, v. 26.","productDescription":"p. 46","startPage":"46","numberOfPages":"46","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130092,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1de4b07f02db6a9b1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holycross, A.T.","contributorId":79060,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holycross","given":"A.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwalbe, C.R.","contributorId":35259,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwalbe","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1007878,"text":"1007878 - 1995 - Foraging patterns of California sea otters as indicated by telemetry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-26T17:46:26","indexId":"1007878","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Foraging patterns of California sea otters as indicated by telemetry","docAbstract":"Foraging behavior was studied in 38 sea otters (Enhydra lutris) implanted with radio transmitters. The observed foraging behavior of instrumented individuals was similar to that of uninstrumented otters observed in previous studies: dive duration varied with prey type but not with prey size, dive success was highest for small prey, and the length of surface intervals increased with prey size. However, telemetry revealed that some otters foraged farther offshore and made longer dives than was indicated by visual observations. Individuals within age–sex classes varied in several aspects of foraging behavior, including the duration of dives and length of surface intervals. There were no overall differences between the dive durations or surface intervals during the day and during the night, though some individuals had longer dives or surface intervals during either the day or the night. There were differences in the foraging behavior of the various age–sex classes, the most striking being those between juvenile males and females. Juvenile males foraged much farther offshore (x̄ = 1280 m) in deeper water (x̄ = 30.1 m) than other otters and made long dives during both the day (x̄ = 104.4 s) and the night (x̄ = 122.7 s). Juvenile females fed for longer periods than other otters.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/z95-060","usgsCitation":"Ralls, K., Hatfield, B.B., and Siniff, D.B., 1995, Foraging patterns of California sea otters as indicated by telemetry: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 73, no. 3, p. 523-531, https://doi.org/10.1139/z95-060.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"523","endPage":"531","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129901,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae621","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ralls, Katherine","contributorId":37900,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ralls","given":"Katherine","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7035,"text":"Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":316199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hatfield, Brian B. 0000-0003-1432-2660 brian_hatfield@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1432-2660","contributorId":127457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatfield","given":"Brian","email":"brian_hatfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":316200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Siniff, Donald B.","contributorId":175050,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Siniff","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1007854,"text":"1007854 - 1995 - Environmental contaminants in eggs of California least terns (Sterna antillarum browni)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-30T12:10:34.121792","indexId":"1007854","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental contaminants in eggs of California least terns (Sterna antillarum browni)","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00203750","usgsCitation":"Hothem, R.L., and Zador, S., 1995, Environmental contaminants in eggs of California least terns (Sterna antillarum browni): Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 55, p. 658-665, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00203750.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"658","endPage":"665","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130271,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.35534668286935,\n 32.86506426601764\n ],\n [\n -117.35534668286935,\n 32.50444434220013\n ],\n [\n -116.98181152661931,\n 32.50444434220013\n ],\n [\n -116.98181152661931,\n 32.86506426601764\n ],\n [\n -117.35534668286935,\n 32.86506426601764\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.22360655181949,\n 38.530199231167956\n ],\n [\n -123.22360655181949,\n 37.33443190964098\n ],\n [\n -121.48776670806956,\n 37.33443190964098\n ],\n [\n -121.48776670806956,\n 38.530199231167956\n ],\n [\n -123.22360655181949,\n 38.530199231167956\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"55","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db60242f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hothem, R. L.","contributorId":82633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hothem","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zador, Stephani","contributorId":60992,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zador","given":"Stephani","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1001757,"text":"1001757 - 1995 - Double-crested cormorants along the Upper Mississippi River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-18T14:40:19.333377","indexId":"1001757","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1272,"text":"Colonial Waterbirds","printIssn":"07386028","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Double-crested cormorants along the Upper Mississippi River","docAbstract":"The Upper Mississippi River is an important habitat corridor for migratory birds and other wildlife, and it supports an important commercial and sport fishery. A study was initiated by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in 1991 to describe Double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) distribution and abundance on the Upper Mississippi River throughout the year to better understand the possible impacts of cormorants on fish resources and populations of other piscivorous birds. Double-crested Cormorants were common breeders and abundant during migration on the Upper Mississippi River during the 1940s. Numbers of cormorants declined in the 1960s and 1970s along the Upper Mississippi River as they did in other parts of the United States. In 1992, 418 cormorant pairs were estimated to have nested in four colonies on the Upper Mississippi River, and less than 7,000 cormorants were estimated to have migrated along the river during the fall and spring of 1991 and 1992. Recent public concern for fish resources has grown with a perceived growth of the local cormorant population. Migrating cormorants collected on the Upper Mississippi River took Gizzard Shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) primarily, but chicks were fed a wide variety of fish species.
Longitudinal patterns in the cadmium and mercury content of burrowing mayflies (Hexagenia) and surrounding sediments were examined along a 572-km reach of the upper Mississippi River. Surficial sediments and Hexagenia nymphs were sampled in 1989 at 12 sites extending from Pool 2 through Pool 16 and analyzed for total recoverable cadmium and total mercury. In sediment and nymphs, concentrations of both metals were highest in Pools 2, 3, and 4, which are just downstream from the Twin Cities (Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota) metropolitan area, the primary anthropogenic source of metals to the studied reach of river. Concentrations of the two metals in sediments indicated a significant anthropogenic contribution, which was most pronounced for cadmium. The cadmium concentrations in surficial sediment varied less than 3-fold (range, 1.19–3.23 μg/g dry weight) among the 12 sites, whereas concentrations in Hexagenia varied almost 20-fold (range, 0.13–2.35 μg/g dry weight). Nymphs from Pools 2–4 had much greater concentrations of cadmium than nymphs from sites further downstream, even though the mean concentration of cadmium in sediment from Pools 2–4 (3.0 μg/g) was just twice that (1.6 μg/g) for the nine sites downstream. Mercury in sediments from the 12 sites ranged from 0.038 to 0.165 μg/g dry weight, averaging 0.14 μg/g in Pools 2–4 and 0.056 μg/g in the nine sites downstream. In nymphs, mercury concentrations ranged from 0.041 to 0.134 μg/g dry weight. The bioavailability of sediment-associated cadmium seemed greater in Pools 2, 3, and 4 than in the sites further downstream, based on the relative cadmium concentrations in Hexagenia nymphs and sediment. Moreover, it is concluded that the trapping of sediment and associated metals in Lake Pepin (a natural riverine lake in Pool 4) significantly reduces the exposure of the ecosystem further downstream to metals from the Twin Cities and other upstream anthropogenic sources.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00217614","usgsCitation":"Beauvais, S., Wiener, J., and Atchison, G., 1995, Cadmium and mercury in sediment and burrowing mayfly nymphs (Hexagenia) in the upper Mississippi River, USA: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 28, no. 2, p. 178-183, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00217614.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"178","endPage":"183","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133776,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"upper Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.67416636222637,\n 41.289854810498724\n ],\n [\n -89.90244340869089,\n 41.75444050962781\n ],\n [\n -90.0384729089397,\n 42.33559274884769\n ],\n [\n -90.91908348904337,\n 42.99646160923493\n ],\n [\n -91.02250115247762,\n 43.759598667391174\n ],\n [\n -91.93926737769223,\n 44.52903459008314\n ],\n [\n -93.31166572457886,\n 45.112386645180976\n ],\n [\n -93.46463724885001,\n 44.83589861826391\n ],\n [\n -92.68050553757465,\n 44.54922633234082\n ],\n [\n -91.49313757155346,\n 43.78873316011689\n ],\n [\n -91.24288139734352,\n 42.92550288006021\n ],\n [\n -91.05208395313116,\n 42.53592777336459\n ],\n [\n -90.54308369920938,\n 42.19829700314364\n ],\n [\n -90.3361390721584,\n 41.99399464336591\n ],\n [\n -90.97340961638088,\n 41.71673044737969\n ],\n [\n -90.67416636222637,\n 41.289854810498724\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5efdf5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beauvais, S.L.","contributorId":53752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beauvais","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiener, J.G.","contributorId":44107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiener","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Atchison, G.J.","contributorId":59406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atchison","given":"G.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1002896,"text":"1002896 - 1995 - Optimization of a liquid chromatographic method for determination of malachite green and its metabolites in fish tissues","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-27T13:08:17.446766","indexId":"1002896","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2143,"text":"Journal of AOAC International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Optimization of a liquid chromatographic method for determination of malachite green and its metabolites in fish tissues","docAbstract":"A liquid chromatographic (LC) method was adapted and optimized for the determination of malachite green and its metabolites in fish plasma and muscle. Residues in plasma were extracted with acetonitrile, the extract was evaporated to dryness, and residues were resolubilized for LC analysis. Residues in muscle were extracted with an acetonitrile- acetate buffer mixture, reextracted with acetonitrile, and partitioned into methylene chloride with final cleanup on alumina and propylsulfonic acid solid-phase extraction columns. Residue levels were determined by using an LC cyano column with a Pb02 postcolumn and visible detection (618 nm). Overall mean recoveries of parent malachite green (MG-C) and its major metabolite, leucomalachite green (MG-L), from plasma were 93 and 87%, respectively, at fortification levels ranging from 25 to 250 ppb. Overall mean recoveries of MG-C and MG-L from muscle were 85 and 95%, respectively, at fortification levels ranging from 5 to 100 ppb. Relative standard deviations (RSDs) of recoveries at all fortification levels ranged from 3.9 to 7.0% for plasma and from 2.1 to 5.2% for muscle. The method was applied to incurred residues in tissues sampled from catfish after waterborne exposure to [14C]MG-C. Mean recoveries of total radioactive residues in plasma and muscle throughout the extraction and cleanup process were 88 and 87%, respectively, and corresponding RSDs for MG-C and MG-L were in the same range as those for fortified tissues. MG-L was confirmed as the major metabolite of MG-C in catfish.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/jaoac/78.6.1388","issn":"10603271","usgsCitation":"Plakas, S.M., ELSaid, K., Stehly, G., and Roybal, J., 1995, Optimization of a liquid chromatographic method for determination of malachite green and its metabolites in fish tissues: Journal of AOAC International, v. 78, no. 6, p. 1388-1394, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/78.6.1388.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1388","endPage":"1394","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489981,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/78.6.1388","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":199217,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-01-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aeee4b07f02db6912b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plakas, S. M.","contributorId":57569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plakas","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"ELSaid, K.R.","contributorId":87252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ELSaid","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stehly, G. R.","contributorId":34081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stehly","given":"G. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roybal, J.E.","contributorId":46655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roybal","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1002504,"text":"1002504 - 1995 - Organochlorine residues in bat guano from nine Mexican caves, 1991","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:13","indexId":"1002504","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1479,"text":"Ecotoxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organochlorine residues in bat guano from nine Mexican caves, 1991","docAbstract":"Samples of bat guano, primarily from Mexican free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis), were collected at nine bat roosts in caves in northern and eastern Mexico and analysed for organochlorine residues. DDE, the most abundant residue found in each cave, was highest (0.99 p.p.m. dry weight) at Ojuela Cave, Durango. Other studies of DDE in bat guano indicate that this concentration is too low to reflect harmful concentrations in the bats themselves. The DDE at Ojuela may represent either lingering resides from use of DDT years ago in the Ojuela area or perhaps depuration loss from migrant bats with summer maternity roost(s) in a DDE-contaminated area such as Carlsbad Cavern, New Mexico. Presence of o,p'-DDT at Tio Bartolo Cave, Nuevo Leon, indicates recent use of DDT, but the concentration of this contaminant was low. Possible impacts on bat colonies of the organophosphorus and carbonate insecticides now in extensive use are unknown.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecotoxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/BF00116344","usgsCitation":"Clark, D.R., Moreno-Valdez, A., and Mora, M., 1995, Organochlorine residues in bat guano from nine Mexican caves, 1991: Ecotoxicology, v. 4, no. 4, p. 258-265, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00116344.","productDescription":"p. 258-265","startPage":"258","endPage":"265","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":15442,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00116344","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"7037.000000000000000"},{"id":129237,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a75b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, D. 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it supplements the permanent catalogs \"Publications of the Geological Survey, 1879-1961,\"\"Publications of the Geological Survey, 1962-1970,\" and \"Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1971 through 1981.\"","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/70043736","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1995, Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1994: Publications of the US Geological Survey, v, 427 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70043736.","productDescription":"v, 427 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267722,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70043736/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":272676,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70043736/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5124ad69e4b0b6328103b51b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70043738,"text":"70043738 - 1995 - Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-23T11:11:14","indexId":"70043738","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":378,"text":"Publications of the US Geological Survey","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1995","docAbstract":"This catalog is a list of (1) books and maps1 that were published during 1995 and (2) articles by U.S. Geological Survey personnel in non-U.S. Geological Survey journals and books that came to our attention in 1995; it supplements the permanent catalogs \"Publications of the Geological Survey, 1879-1961,\" \"Publications of the Geological Survey, 1962-1970,\" and \"Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1971 through '1981.\"","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/70043738","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1995, Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1995: Publications of the US Geological Survey, v, 489 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70043738.","productDescription":"v, 489 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267726,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70043738/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":272686,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70043738/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5124ad6ae4b0b6328103b51f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70184247,"text":"70184247 - 1995 - Nesting by Golden Eagles on the North Slope of the Brooks Range in Northeastern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-03T15:57:47","indexId":"70184247","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nesting by Golden Eagles on the North Slope of the Brooks Range in Northeastern Alaska","docAbstract":"Twenty-two Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) nesting territories and 31 occupied eagle nests were documented on the north slope of the Brooks Range in northeastern Alaska, 1988-1990, in an area previously thought to be marginal breeding habitat for eagles. The mean number of young/successful nest was 1.25 in 1988, 1.27 in 1989, and 1.13 in 1990; means did not differ significantly among years. Eighty percent (20/25) of the nestlings for which age was estimated were assumed to have successfully fledged. Nesting success was 79% (11/14) in 1989, the only year nesting success could be determined. Laying dates ranged from 23 March (1990) to 11 May (1989) with mean estimated laying dates differing significantly among years. Annual variation in nesting phenology coincided with annual differences in snow accumulations during spring. These results indicate that Golden Eagles consistently and successfully breed at the northern extent of their range in Alaska, although, productivity may be lower than that for eagles at more southern latitudes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","usgsCitation":"Young, D.D., McIntyre, C.L., Bente, P.J., McCabe, T.R., and Ambrose, R.E., 1995, Nesting by Golden Eagles on the North Slope of the Brooks Range in Northeastern Alaska: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 66, no. 3, p. 373-379.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"373","endPage":"379","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336837,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Brooks Range, North Slope","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -147,\n 68.5\n ],\n [\n -140,\n 68.5\n ],\n [\n -140,\n 70.5\n ],\n [\n -147,\n 70.5\n ],\n [\n -147,\n 68.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ba8ebee4b0bcef64f0b943","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Young, Donald D. Jr.","contributorId":57219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Donald","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McIntyre, Carol L.","contributorId":94642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIntyre","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bente, Peter J.","contributorId":187522,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bente","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCabe, Thomas R.","contributorId":91255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ambrose, Robert E.","contributorId":86074,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ambrose","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}