{"pageNumber":"3926","pageRowStart":"98125","pageSize":"25","recordCount":185143,"records":[{"id":70188336,"text":"70188336 - 1995 - Stable isotopes in mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal systems: Interactions between fluids, minerals, and organisms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-06T12:53:31","indexId":"70188336","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Stable isotopes in mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal systems: Interactions between fluids, minerals, and organisms","docAbstract":"<p>Studies of abundance variations of light stable isotopes in nature have had a tremendous impact on all aspects of geochemistry since the development, in 1947, of a gas source isotope ratio mass spectrometer capable of measuring small variations in stable isotope ratios (Nice, 1947]. Stable isotope geochemistry is now a mature field, as witnessed by the proliferation of commercially available mass spectrometers installed at virtually every major academic, government, and private-sector research geochemistry laboratory. A recent search of a literature database revealed over 3,000 articles that utilized stable isotope geochemistry over the last 20 years. Nonetheless, many exciting new technical developments are leading to exciting new discoveries and applications. In particular, micro-analytical techniques involving new generations of laser- and ion-microprobes are revolutionizing the types of analyses that can be done on spot sizes as small as a few tens of micrometers [Shanks and Criss, 1989]. New generations of conventional gas source and thermal ionization mass spectrometers, with high levels of automation and increased sensitivity and precision, are allowing analyses of large numbers of samples, like those needed for stable isotope stratigraphy in marine sediments, and are enabling the development and application of new isotopic systems.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Seafloor hydrothermal systems: Physical, chemical, biological, and geological interactions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/GM091p0194","usgsCitation":"Shanks, W.C., Bohlke, J., and Seal,, R., 1995, Stable isotopes in mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal systems: Interactions between fluids, minerals, and organisms, chap. <i>of</i> Seafloor hydrothermal systems: Physical, chemical, biological, and geological interactions, p. 194-221, https://doi.org/10.1029/GM091p0194.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"194","endPage":"221","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342150,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-03-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5937bf32e4b0f6c2d0d9c7cd","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Humphries, S.D.","contributorId":21377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Humphries","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697271,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zierenberg, Robert A.","contributorId":91883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zierenberg","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697272,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mullineaux, Lauren S.","contributorId":17377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullineaux","given":"Lauren","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697273,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thomson, Richard E.","contributorId":192653,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomson","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697274,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Shanks, Wayne C. III","contributorId":53432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanks","given":"Wayne","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":191103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"J.K.","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seal,, Robert R. II 0000-0003-0901-2529 rseal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":141204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal,","given":"Robert R.","suffix":"II","email":"rseal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70188268,"text":"70188268 - 1995 - Polar bear research in the Beaufort Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-04T13:11:38","indexId":"70188268","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5410,"text":"Occasional Papers of the IUCN Species Survival Comission (SSC)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":19}},"seriesNumber":"10","title":"Polar bear research in the Beaufort Sea","docAbstract":"<p>Current research is designed to determine the status of the polar bear population in the Beaufort Sea and adjacent areas. One goal is to determine how polar bears are distributed relative to each other and habitat features, and to define population boundaries. Another goal is to determine the population size and trend, and assess how present and future management issues may affect thetrend. Specific objectives of the research include the need to:</p><ol><li>Determine the movements of individuals comprising the polar bear population that uses the Beaufort Sea. Determine hoe movements vary by season and by year, and whether they can be modeled so as to allow meaningful census and mitigation efforts.</li><li>Improve estimates of size of the Beaufort Sea population relative to the capacity of the environment to sustain it.</li><li>Determine factors regulating the rate of recruitment of new bears into the population.</li><li>Determine the distribution of polar bear dens in northern Alaska and whether denning habitats may be a limiting factor on reproductive success.</li><li>Determine the timing of den entrance and emergence.</li><li>Determine the relative success rates (thus the reproductive significance) of dens in various locations.</li></ol><p>This report summaries the progress towards those objectives that has been made since the last meeting of the PBSG in 1988.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Polar bears: Proceedings of the eleventh working meeting of the IUCN/SSC Polar Bear Specialist Group","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Eleventh Working Meeting of the IUCN/SSC Polar Bear Specialist Group","conferenceDate":"25-27 January 1993","conferenceLocation":"Copenhagen, Denmark","language":"English","publisher":"IUCN","publisherLocation":"Gland, Switzerland","isbn":"2-8317-0224-0","usgsCitation":"Amstrup, S.C., and Durner, G.M., 1995, Polar bear research in the Beaufort Sea, <i>in</i> Polar bears: Proceedings of the eleventh working meeting of the IUCN/SSC Polar Bear Specialist Group, Copenhagen, Denmark, 25-27 January 1993, p. 145-153.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"145","endPage":"153","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342061,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Beaufort Sea","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593e4a8be4b0764e6c61b8ba","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Wiig, Øystein","contributorId":13469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiig","given":"Øystein","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697014,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1},{"text":"Born, Erik W.","contributorId":8379,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Born","given":"Erik","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697015,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garner, Gerald W.","contributorId":149918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garner","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":697016,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":3}],"editors":[{"text":"Wiig, Øystein","contributorId":13469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiig","given":"Øystein","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697011,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Born, Erik W.","contributorId":8379,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Born","given":"Erik","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697012,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garner, Gerald W.","contributorId":149918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garner","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":697013,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":697005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Durner, George M. 0000-0002-3370-1191 gdurner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3370-1191","contributorId":3576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durner","given":"George","email":"gdurner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70187534,"text":"70187534 - 1995 - Ecology and conservation of the Marbled Murrelet in North America: An overview","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-13T16:46:07.569739","indexId":"70187534","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"1","title":"Ecology and conservation of the Marbled Murrelet in North America: An overview","docAbstract":"<p>Over the past decade, the Marbled Murrelet has become a focus of much controversy. It was listed as threatened in Washington, Oregon, and California by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in February 1993. In order to aid the various agencies with management, the Marbled Murrelet Conservation Assessment was formed to bring together scientists, managers, and others to gather all the available data on this small seabird. This volume of research is the culmination of that effort. In this chapter, we integrate the results of the investigations and summaries on the past history, present status, and possible future of the species, based on the data presented in this volume and other published research. We also propose what we consider the most important research needs. Then, based on the findings of this volume, we suggest actions for management to help ensure the survival of the species.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology and conservation of the Marbled Murrelet (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report PSW-GTR-152)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station","publisherLocation":"Albany, CA","usgsCitation":"Ralph, C.J., Hunt, G.L., Raphael, M.G., and Piatt, J.F., 1995, Ecology and conservation of the Marbled Murrelet in North America: An overview, chap. 1 <i>of</i> Ecology and conservation of the Marbled Murrelet (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report PSW-GTR-152), p. 3-22.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"22","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science 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,{"id":70186730,"text":"70186730 - 1995 - Mesothermal gold deposits of Westland, New Zealand and southern Alaska: Products of similar tectonic processes?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-10T13:40:53","indexId":"70186730","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Mesothermal gold deposits of Westland, New Zealand and southern Alaska: Products of similar tectonic processes?","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.<br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 1995 Pacific Rim Congress","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"1995 Pacific Rim Congress","conferenceDate":"November 1995","conferenceLocation":"Auckland, New Zealand","language":"English","publisher":"Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy","publisherLocation":"Carlton, Australia","isbn":"875776311","usgsCitation":"Goldfarb, R., Christie, T., Skinner, D., Haeussler, P.J., and Bradley, D.C., 1995, Mesothermal gold deposits of Westland, New Zealand and southern Alaska: Products of similar tectonic processes?, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 1995 Pacific Rim Congress, Auckland, New Zealand, November 1995, p. 239-244.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"239","endPage":"244","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339463,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e8a548e4b09da6799d63c3","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Mauk, Jeffrey L. 0000-0002-6244-2774 jmauk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6244-2774","contributorId":4101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mauk","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jmauk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690389,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":" George","contributorId":190696,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690390,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Goldfarb, R.J.","contributorId":38143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christie, T.","contributorId":190697,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christie","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Skinner, D.","contributorId":190698,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Skinner","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bradley, D. C.","contributorId":17634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70187053,"text":"70187053 - 1995 - Mission in the works promises precise global topographic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-20T11:22:22","indexId":"70187053","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mission in the works promises precise global topographic data","docAbstract":"<p><span>Significant deficiencies in the quality of today's topographic data severely limit scientific applications. Very few available data sets meet the stringent requirements of 10–30 m for global digital topography and 5 m or better vertical accuracy, and existing satellite systems are unlikely to fulfill these requirements. The Joint Topographic Science Working Group, appointed by NASA and the Italian Space Agency, concluded that radar interferometry coupled with a laser altimeter would be the most promising approach for improving data quality. By providing its own illumination at a wavelength Ion g enough to (e.g., λ = 25 cm) to penetrate clouds and rain, the interferometer would provide a global, uniform high-quality topographic data set. One mission under study, TOPSAT, is well positioned to fill this niche and promises to pave the way toward a more standardized and precise topographic database. TOPSAT would be an international mission, designed to make use of recent technology advances in such programs as NASA's New Millennium. It could be ready to launch by the end of this decade.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"EOS","doi":"10.1029/95EO00129","usgsCitation":"Farr, T., Evans, D., Zebker, H., Harding, D., Bufton, J., Dixon, T., Vetrella, S., and Gesch, D., 1995, Mission in the works promises precise global topographic data: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 76, no. 22, p. 225-229, https://doi.org/10.1029/95EO00129.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"225","endPage":"229","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340033,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Fernandina Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.68502807617188,\n              -0.5259630718092625\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.3623046875,\n              -0.5259630718092625\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.3623046875,\n              -0.25680456008937463\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.68502807617188,\n              -0.25680456008937463\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.68502807617188,\n              -0.5259630718092625\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"76","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f9c8d6e4b0b7ea54524107","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farr, T.","contributorId":191181,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farr","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, D.","contributorId":38415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zebker, H.","contributorId":25276,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zebker","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harding, D.","contributorId":191182,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harding","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bufton, J.","contributorId":191183,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bufton","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dixon, T.","contributorId":14572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Vetrella, S.","contributorId":48374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vetrella","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gesch, D.B. 0000-0002-8992-4933","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8992-4933","contributorId":26886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gesch","given":"D.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70187052,"text":"70187052 - 1995 - Mapping tide-water glacier dynamics in east Greenland using landsat data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-20T11:21:52","indexId":"70187052","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2328,"text":"Journal of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping tide-water glacier dynamics in east Greenland using landsat data","docAbstract":"<p>Landsat multispectral scanner and thematic mapper images were co-registered For the Kangerdlugssuaq Fjord region in East Greenland and were used to map glacier drainage-basin areas, changes in the positions of tide-water glacier termini and to estimate surface velocities of the larger tide-water glaciers. Statistics were compiled to document distance and area changes to glacier termini. The methodologies developed in this study are broadly applicable to the investigation of tide-water glaciers in other areas. The number of images available for consecutive years and the accuracy with which images are co-registered are key factors that influence the degree to which regional glacier dynamics can be characterized using remotely sensed data.</p><p>Three domains of glacier state were interpreted: net increase in terminus area in the southern part of the study area, net loss of terminus area for glaciers in upper Kangerdlugssuaq Fjord and a slight loss of glacier terminus area northward from Ryberg Fjord. Local increases in the concentrations of drifting icebergs in the fjords coincide with the observed extension of glacier termini positions Ice-surface velocity estimates were derived for several glaciers using automated image cross-correlation techniques The velocity determined for Kangerdlugssuaq Gletscher is approximately 5.0 km a<span class=\"sup\">−1</span> and that for Kong Christian IV Gletscher is 0.9 km a<span class=\"sup\">−1</span>. The continuous presence of icebergs and brash ice in front of these glaciers indicates sustained rates of ice-front calving.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"International Glaciological Society","doi":"10.1017/S0022143000034900","usgsCitation":"Dwyer, J.L., 1995, Mapping tide-water glacier dynamics in east Greenland using landsat data: Journal of Glaciology, v. 41, no. 139, p. 584-595, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022143000034900.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"584","endPage":"595","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479247,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000034900","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340032,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Greenland","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -34.16748046875,\n              67.34832460428412\n            ],\n            [\n              -29.300537109374996,\n              67.34832460428412\n            ],\n            [\n              -29.300537109374996,\n              68.83576865659356\n            ],\n            [\n              -34.16748046875,\n              68.83576865659356\n            ],\n            [\n              -34.16748046875,\n              67.34832460428412\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"139","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f9c8d7e4b0b7ea54524109","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dwyer, John L. 0000-0002-8281-0896 dwyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8281-0896","contributorId":3481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"John","email":"dwyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70187925,"text":"70187925 - 1995 - Winter wolf predation in a multiple ungulate prey system, Gates of the Arctic National Park, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-04T18:15:19","indexId":"70187925","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5411,"text":"Occasional Publication of the Canadian Circumpolar Institute","printIssn":"006-0303","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":19}},"seriesNumber":"35","title":"Winter wolf predation in a multiple ungulate prey system, Gates of the Arctic National Park, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>We investigated patterns of winter wolf predation, including prey selection, prey switching, kill rates, carcass utilization, and consumption rates for four wolf packs during three different study periods (March 1989, March 1990, and November 1990) in Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve, Alaska. Wolves killed predominantly caribou (165 caribou, seven moose, and five Dall sheep) even when moose and sheep were more abundant. Prey selection varied between study periods. More moose were killed in march 1989, a particularly deep snow year, and more sheep were killed in November 1990 than during other periods. Overall kill rates ranged from 0-8 days/ungulate killed (<i>x̅</i> = 2.0, <u>SD</u> = 1.6) and did not vary between study periods.&nbsp; Pack size and species killed explained significant variation in the length of time intervals between kills. Although caribou density varied nearly 40-fold between pack territories, it had little influence on predation characteristics except at low densities, when kill rates may have declined. Caribou distribution had marked effects on wolf predation rate.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology and conservation of wolves in a changing world: Proceedings of the second North American symposium on wolves: Occasional Publication 35","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Second North American Symposium on Wolves","conferenceDate":"25-27 August 1992","conferenceLocation":"Edmonton, AB","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Circumpolar Institute, University of Alberta","publisherLocation":"Edmonton, AB","issn":"006-0303","isbn":"0-919058-92-2","usgsCitation":"Dale, B.W., Adams, L., and Bowyer, R., 1995, Winter wolf predation in a multiple ungulate prey system, Gates of the Arctic National Park, Alaska, <i>in</i> Ecology and conservation of wolves in a changing world: Proceedings of the second North American symposium on wolves: Occasional Publication 35, Edmonton, AB, 25-27 August 1992, p. 223-230.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"223","endPage":"230","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341669,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Gates of the Arctic National Park","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59269bd0e4b0b7ff9fb489c8","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Carbyn, Ludwig N.","contributorId":113476,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carbyn","given":"Ludwig","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696014,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fritts, Steven H.","contributorId":93975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritts","given":"Steven H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696015,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seip, Dale R.","contributorId":112067,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seip","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696016,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Dale, Bruce W.","contributorId":6769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dale","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, Layne G. 0000-0001-6212-2896 ladams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6212-2896","contributorId":2776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Layne G.","email":"ladams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bowyer, R. Terry","contributorId":9533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowyer","given":"R. Terry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70187049,"text":"70187049 - 1995 - Map projections for global and continental data sets and an analysis of pixel distortion caused by reprojection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-22T16:27:33","indexId":"70187049","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Map projections for global and continental data sets and an analysis of pixel distortion caused by reprojection","docAbstract":"<div class=\"publication-abstract\" data-reactid=\"96\"><div class=\"nova-e-text nova-e-text--size-m nova-e-text--family-sans-serif nova-e-text--spacing-auto\" data-reactid=\"98\">In global change studies the effects of map projection properties on data quality are apparent, and the choice of projection is significant. To aid compilers of global and continental data sets, six equal-area projections were chosen: the interrupted Goode Homolosine, the interrupted Mollweide, the Wagner IV, and the Wagner VII for global maps; the Lambert Azimuthal Equal-Area for hemisphere maps; and the Oblated Equal-Area and the Lambert Azimuthal Equal-Area for continental maps. Distortions in small-scale maps caused by reprojection, and the additional distortions incurred when reprojecting raster images, were quantified and graphically depicted. For raster images, the errors caused by the usual resampling methods (pixel brightness level interpolation) were responsible for much of the additional error where the local resolution and scale change were the greatest.<br><br></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"ASPRS","usgsCitation":"Steinwand, D.R., Hutchinson, J.A., and Snyder, J., 1995, Map projections for global and continental data sets and an analysis of pixel distortion caused by reprojection: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 61, no. 12, p. 1487-1497.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1487","endPage":"1497","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340030,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f9c8dbe4b0b7ea5452410d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steinwand, Daniel R. steinwand@usgs.gov","contributorId":3224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steinwand","given":"Daniel","email":"steinwand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hutchinson, John A. 0000-0002-9595-5648 hutch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9595-5648","contributorId":4466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"John","email":"hutch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Snyder, J.P.","contributorId":79235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70187047,"text":"70187047 - 1995 - The global topography mission gains momentum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-20T11:19:53","indexId":"70187047","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The global topography mission gains momentum","docAbstract":"<p><span>An accurate description of the surface elevation of the Earth is of fundamental importance to many branches of Earth science. Continental topographic data are required for studies of hydrology, ecology, glaciology, geomorphology, and atmospheric circulation. For example, in hydrologic and terrestrial ecosystem studies, topography exerts significant control on intercepted solar radiation, water runoff and subsurface water inventory, microclimate, vegetation type and distribution, and soil development. The topography of the polar ice caps and mountain glaciers directly reflects ice-flow dynamics and is closely linked to global climate and sea level change.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/95EO00128","usgsCitation":"Farr, T., Evans, D., Zebker, H., Harding, D., Bufton, J., Dixon, T., Vetrella, S., and Gesch, D.B., 1995, The global topography mission gains momentum: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 76, no. 21, p. 213-216, https://doi.org/10.1029/95EO00128.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"216","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340029,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f9c8dbe4b0b7ea54524111","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farr, Tom","contributorId":24903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farr","given":"Tom","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, Diane","contributorId":191175,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evans","given":"Diane","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zebker, Howard","contributorId":88072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zebker","given":"Howard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harding, David","contributorId":108018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harding","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bufton, Jack","contributorId":191176,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bufton","given":"Jack","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dixon, Timothy","contributorId":191178,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dixon","given":"Timothy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Vetrella, S.","contributorId":48374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vetrella","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gesch, Dean B. 0000-0002-8992-4933 gesch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8992-4933","contributorId":2956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gesch","given":"Dean","email":"gesch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70187034,"text":"70187034 - 1995 - Digital image comparison by subtracting contextual transformations—percentile rank order differentiation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-19T12:18:30","indexId":"70187034","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Digital image comparison by subtracting contextual transformations—percentile rank order differentiation","docAbstract":"<p><span>The common method of digital image comparison by subtraction imposes various constraints on the image contents. Precise registration of images is required to assure proper evaluation of surface locations. The attribute being measured and the calibration and scaling of the sensor are also important to the validity and interpretability of the subtraction result. Influences of sensor gains and offsets complicate the subtraction process. The presence of any uniform systematic transformation component in one of two images to be compared distorts the subtraction results and requires analyst intervention to interpret or remove it. A new technique has been developed to overcome these constraints. Images to be compared are first transformed using the cumulative relative frequency as a transfer function. The transformed images represent the contextual relationship of each surface location with respect to all others within the image. The process of differentiating between the transformed images results in a percentile rank ordered difference. This process produces consistent terrain-change information even when the above requirements necessary for subtraction are relaxed. This technique may be valuable to an appropriately designed hierarchical terrain-monitoring methodology because it does not require human participation in the process.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","usgsCitation":"Wehde, M.E., 1995, Digital image comparison by subtracting contextual transformations—percentile rank order differentiation: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 61, no. 10, p. 1273-1278.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1273","endPage":"1278","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339963,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f877c4e4b0b7ea54521c4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wehde, M. E.","contributorId":191158,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wehde","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70187733,"text":"70187733 - 1995 - Correlation of Ordovician rocks of northern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-07T21:14:24","indexId":"70187733","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Correlation of Ordovician rocks of northern Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>The Ordovician sequences presented in this report were chosen to cover a range of depositional and structural settings found in northern Alaska. Consequently, the quality of lithostratigraphic, paleontologic, and sedimentologic data is variable. Until 1982, Ordovician rocks in northern Alaska were known only from a few, widely separated localities. Since then, several hundred Ordovician conodont collections were obtained during geologic mapping of chiefly metacarbonate rocks; some are from measured sections that contain a succession of pelagic and (or) warm, shallow-water index species, but others are isolated, single collections that merely contain species that are long-ranging, within the Ordovician. Graptolite collections are fewer than conodont collections, but they provide invaluable ties between carbonate and siliciclastic sequences. New macrofossil localities are rare. All these collections have increased the known areal extent of Ordovician rocks in northern Alaska (Fig. 1) at least thirtyfold. Faunal assemblages from carbonate rocks in northern Alaska indicate that this area was situated in low latitudes during the Ordovician.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ordovician odyssey: Short papers for the seventh international symposium on the Ordovician system (SEPM Book 77)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Seventh International Symposium on the Ordovician System","conferenceDate":"June 12, 1995","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV","language":"English","publisher":"Pacific Section, Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM)","publisherLocation":"Fullerton, CA","isbn":"1-878861-70-0","usgsCitation":"Harris, A.G., Dumoulin, J.A., Repetski, J.E., and Carter, C., 1995, Correlation of Ordovician rocks of northern Alaska, <i>in</i> Ordovician odyssey: Short papers for the seventh international symposium on the Ordovician system (SEPM Book 77), Las Vegas, NV, June 12, 1995, p. 21-26.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"26","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341363,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341362,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/pac_sepm/094/094001/pdfs/21.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591c0fcfe4b0a7fdb43ddf18","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Cooper, John D.","contributorId":31380,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooper","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":25628,"text":"Geological Sciences, California State University Fullerton","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":695366,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Droser, Mary L.","contributorId":116714,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Droser","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7004,"text":"Department of Earth Sciences, University of California, Riverside","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":695367,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finney, Stanley C.","contributorId":167284,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Finney","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":24675,"text":"California State University at Long Beach","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":695368,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Harris, Anita G.","contributorId":50162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"Anita","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Repetski, John E. 0000-0002-2298-7120 jrepetski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2298-7120","contributorId":2596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Repetski","given":"John","email":"jrepetski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carter, Claire","contributorId":88336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Claire","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70187028,"text":"70187028 - 1995 - Changes in nesting behavior of arctic geese","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70187028,"text":"70187028 - 1995 - Changes in nesting behavior of arctic geese","indexId":"70187028","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Changes in nesting behavior of arctic geese"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-19T11:02:18","indexId":"70187028","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Changes in nesting behavior of arctic geese","docAbstract":"<p>As part of the joint United States-Canada efforts to monitor populations of Arctic geese and to provide data necessary to set hunting regulations, scientists have recorded not only goose population levels, but also nesting behavior. MacInnes et al. (1990) analyzed data from four long-term studies of five different Arctic goose populations. These studies documented the date the eggs hatched and the clutch size (number of eggs per nest) over 35 years (Fig. 1).</p><p>The dates of nest initiation and hatch are clearly affected by climate and are delayed by cold weather. The records not only show wide fluctuations from year to year in response to annual variations in climate, but also demonstrate a consistent trend toward earlier hatching over the period (Fig. 2). Young Arctic geese today, on the average, hatch about 30 days earlier than they did 35 years ago; during the same time, average clutch size has shrunk (Fig. 3). MacInnes et al. (1990) suggest the change in nest date is a result of climatic amelioration, that is, warming (although whether from a long-term trend or short-term cycle is unclear), and the change in clutch size is a result of habitat deterioration.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Biological Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"LaRoe, E.T., and Rusch, D.H., 1995, Changes in nesting behavior of arctic geese, chap. <i>of</i> Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems, p. 388-388.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"388","endPage":"388","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339945,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339944,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.webharvest.gov/peth04/20041019015728/https://biology.usgs.gov/s+t/index.htm","linkHelpText":"Archived website"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f877c4e4b0b7ea54521c4e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"LaRoe, Edward T.","contributorId":112276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaRoe","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691972,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farris, Gaye S.","contributorId":84410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farris","given":"Gaye","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":691973,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Puckett, Catherine E. cpuckett@usgs.gov","contributorId":4629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckett","given":"Catherine","email":"cpuckett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":691974,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doran, Peter D.","contributorId":17533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691975,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mac, Michael J.","contributorId":16772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mac","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691976,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"LaRoe, Edward T.","contributorId":112276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaRoe","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rusch, Donald H.","contributorId":111715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rusch","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70186961,"text":"70186961 - 1995 - California sea otters","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70186961,"text":"70186961 - 1995 - California sea otters","indexId":"70186961","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"California sea otters"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-04T16:42:29","indexId":"70186961","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"California sea otters","docAbstract":"<p>Information on the size, distribution, and productivity of the California sea otter population is broadly relevant to two federally mandated goals: removing the population’s listing as threatened under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) and obtaining an “optimal sustainable population” under the Marine Mammal Protection Act.<span>&nbsp; </span>Except for the population in central California, sea otters (<i>Enhydra lutris</i>) were hunted to extinction between Prince William Sound, Alaska, and Baja California (Kenyon 1969). Wilson et al. (1991), based on variations in cranial morphology, recently assigned sub-specific status (<i>E. l. nereis</i>) to the California sea otter. Furthermore, mitochondrial DNA analysis has revealed genetic differences among populations in California, Alaska, and Asia (NBS, unpublished data).</p><p>In 1977, the California sea otter was listed as threatened under the ESA, largely because of its small population size and perceived risks from such factors as human disturbance, competition with fisheries, and pollution. Because of unique threats and growth characteristics, the California population is treated separately from sea otter populations elsewhere in the North Pacific.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Biological Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Estes, J.A., Jameson, R.J., Bodkin, J.L., and Carlson, D., 1995, California sea otters, chap. <i>of</i> Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems, p. 110-112.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"110","endPage":"112","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339776,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339775,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.webharvest.gov/peth04/20041019015728/https://biology.usgs.gov/s+t/index.htm","linkHelpText":"Archived website"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f1e0cce4b08144348b7e39","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"LaRoe, Edward T.","contributorId":112276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaRoe","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691181,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farris, Gaye S.","contributorId":84410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farris","given":"Gaye","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":691182,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Puckett, Catherine E. cpuckett@usgs.gov","contributorId":4629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckett","given":"Catherine","email":"cpuckett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":691183,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doran, Peter D.","contributorId":17533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691184,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mac, Michael J.","contributorId":16772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mac","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691185,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Estes, James A. jim_estes@usgs.gov","contributorId":53325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"James","email":"jim_estes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":691177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jameson, Ronald J.","contributorId":17938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jameson","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":691179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carlson, David","contributorId":12055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70187027,"text":"70187027 - 1995 - Soil moisture sensors for continuous monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-19T13:00:33","indexId":"70187027","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil moisture sensors for continuous monitoring","docAbstract":"<p> Certain physical and chemical properties of soil vary with soil water content. The relationship between these properties and water content is complex and involves both the pore structure and constituents of the soil solution. One of the most economical techniques to quantify soil water content involves the measurement of electrical resistance of a dielectric medium that is in equilibrium with the soil water content. The objective of this research was to test the reliability and accuracy of fiberglass soil-moisture electrical resistance sensors (ERS) as compared to gravimetric sampling and Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR). The response of the ERS was compared to gravimetric measurements at eight locations on the USDA-ABS Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed. The comparisons with TDR sensors were made at three additional locations on the same watershed. The high soil rock content (&gt;45 percent) at seven locations resulted in consistent overestimation of soil water content by the ERS method. Where rock content was less than 10 percent, estimation of soil water was within 5 percent of the gravimetric soil water content. New methodology to calibrate the ERS sensors for rocky soils will need to be developed before soil water content values can be determined with these sensors. (KEY TERMS: soil moisture; soil water; infiltration; instrumentation; soil moisture sensors.)</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Publishing Ltd","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1994.tb03274.x","usgsCitation":"Amer, S., Keefer, T.O., Weltz, M., Goodrich, D.C., and Bach, L., 1995, Soil moisture sensors for continuous monitoring: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 30, no. 1, p. 69-83, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1994.tb03274.x.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"69","endPage":"83","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339970,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.16815185546875,\n              31.596082850911525\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.83856201171874,\n              31.596082850911525\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.83856201171874,\n              31.78480055729565\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.16815185546875,\n              31.78480055729565\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.16815185546875,\n              31.596082850911525\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f877c4e4b0b7ea54521c50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Amer, Saud A. samer@usgs.gov","contributorId":3300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amer","given":"Saud A.","email":"samer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":349,"text":"International Water Resources Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":691965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keefer, T. O.","contributorId":191138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keefer","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weltz, M.A.","contributorId":77732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weltz","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goodrich, David C.","contributorId":65552,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goodrich","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6758,"text":"USDA-ARS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":691968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bach, Leslie","contributorId":176552,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bach","given":"Leslie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70186999,"text":"70186999 - 1995 - Western North American shorebirds","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70186999,"text":"70186999 - 1995 - Western North American shorebirds","indexId":"70186999","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Western North American shorebirds"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-20T11:29:21","indexId":"70186999","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Western North American shorebirds","docAbstract":"<p>Shorebirds are a diverse group that includes oystercatchers, stilts, avocets, plovers, and sandpipers. They are familiar birds of seashores, mudflats, tundra, and other wetlands, but they also occur in deserts, high mountains, forests, and agricultural fields. Widespread loss and alteration of these habitats, especially wetlands and grasslands during the past 150 years, coupled with unregulated shooting at the turn of the century, resulted in population declines and range contractions of several species throughout North America. In the western portion of the continent, efforts to monitor the status and trends of shorebirds have been in effect for only the past 15-25 years and for only a few species. Methods exist to monitor population trends for most shorebirds, but only broadscale, international efforts, relying largely on volunteer help, will accomplish this.</p><p>In this article we address shorebirds primarily in western North America, the region west of the Continental Divide from northern Alaska to southern Mexico. The 12 states, a Canadian province and territory, and the western portion of Mexico within this region represent about 25% of the North American landmass (Fig. 1). Western North America includes portions of three broad ecological domains: the Polar Domain, encompassing the tundra and boreal forests that cover most of Greenland, Canada, and Alaska; the Humid Temperate Domain, including the humid midlatitude forests and shrublands within the United States, southern portions of the Canadian prairie provinces, and along the west coast of North America; and the Dry Domain, encompassing the short-grass prairies, sagebrush provinces, and deserts (Fig. 1; Bailey 1978, 1989).</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Biological Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Gill, R., Handel, C.M., and Page, G.W., 1995, Western North American shorebirds, chap. <i>of</i> Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems, p. 60-65.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"60","endPage":"65","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339869,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339868,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.webharvest.gov/peth04/20041019015728/https://biology.usgs.gov/s+t/index.htm","linkHelpText":"Archived website"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f725e7e4b0b7ea5451eed2","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"LaRoe, Edward T.","contributorId":112276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaRoe","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691750,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farris, Gaye S.","contributorId":84410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farris","given":"Gaye","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":691751,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Puckett, Catherine E. cpuckett@usgs.gov","contributorId":4629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckett","given":"Catherine","email":"cpuckett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":691752,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doran, Peter D.","contributorId":17533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691753,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mac, Michael J.","contributorId":16772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mac","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691754,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Gill, Robert E. Jr. 0000-0002-6385-4500 rgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-4500","contributorId":171747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Robert E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rgill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":691747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Handel, Colleen M. 0000-0002-0267-7408 cmhandel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0267-7408","contributorId":3067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handel","given":"Colleen","email":"cmhandel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":691748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Page, Gary W.","contributorId":46015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018894,"text":"70018894 - 1995 - Scale as a factor in designing sampling programs for determination of annual trace element fluxes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-13T21:18:00","indexId":"70018894","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1483,"text":"Effects of scale on interpretation and management of sediment and water quality. Proc. symposium, Boulder, 1995","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Scale as a factor in designing sampling programs for determination of annual trace element fluxes","docAbstract":"Concentration data of suspended sediment-associated trace elements are a requisite for estimation of annual chemical fluxes. Fluvial suspended sediment and associated trace elements display marked shortterm spatial and temporal variability, suggesting that determination of annual fluxes requires high frequency depth and width integrated sampling and subsequent chemical analyses. When time scales are shifted from hours or days to a year, short-term variability is less important. A 2 year study on the Arkansas River indicates that it may be possible, after detailed site characterization of mean/median sediment chemical data, to estimate annual fluxes of trace elements solely through monitoring of discharge and suspended sediment concentration.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Effects of scale on interpretation and management of sediment and water quality. Proc. symposium, Boulder, 1995","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Horowitz, A.J., 1995, Scale as a factor in designing sampling programs for determination of annual trace element fluxes: Effects of scale on interpretation and management of sediment and water quality. Proc. symposium, Boulder, 1995, v. 226, p. 293-301.","startPage":"293","endPage":"301","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226757,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269311,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://iahs.info/redbooks/a226/iahs_226_0293.pdf"}],"volume":"226","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8707e4b08c986b316278","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horowitz, A. J.","contributorId":102066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horowitz","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70018793,"text":"70018793 - 1995 - Regional mapping of karst terrains in order to avoid potential environmental problems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:26","indexId":"70018793","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1199,"text":"Cave and Karst Science - Transactions British Cave Research Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional mapping of karst terrains in order to avoid potential environmental problems","docAbstract":"The oklahoma Geological Survey will prepare a map of the State at a scale of 1:500,000 to show karst terrains and associated environmental problems in Oklahoma. Surface and near-surface carbonates (limestone and dolomite) comprise about 6% of the surface area of the State, whereas sulphates (gypsum and anhydrite) comprise about 4% of the State. Areas of carbonates and sulphates will be differentiated and mapped separately as two zones: in zone 1 they are 0-6 m deep, and in zone 2 they are 6-30 m deep. Areas underlain by bedded salt (halite) within 300 m of the surface comprise 14.6% of the State, and they will be mapped as zone 3.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Cave and Karst Science - Transactions British Cave Research Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Johnson, K., and Quinlan, J., 1995, Regional mapping of karst terrains in order to avoid potential environmental problems: Cave and Karst Science - Transactions British Cave Research Association, v. 21, no. 2, p. 37-39.","startPage":"37","endPage":"39","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227583,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a539e4b0e8fec6cdbd9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, K.S.","contributorId":24385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"K.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quinlan, J.F.","contributorId":94804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinlan","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018792,"text":"70018792 - 1995 - The effect of surface anisotropy and viewing geometry on the estimation of NDVI from AVHRR","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-31T13:52:24","indexId":"70018792","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3252,"text":"Remote Sensing Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of surface anisotropy and viewing geometry on the estimation of NDVI from AVHRR","docAbstract":"Since terrestrial surfaces are anisotropic, all spectral reflectance measurements obtained with a small instantaneous field of view instrument are specific to these angular conditions, and the value of the corresponding NDVI, computed from these bidirectional reflectances, is relative to the particular geometry of illumination and viewing at the time of the measurement. This paper documents the importance of these geometric effects through simulations of the AVHRR data acquisition process, and investigates the systematic biases that result from the combination of ecosystem-specific anisotropies with instrument-specific sampling capabilities. Typical errors in the value of NDVI are estimated, and strategies to reduce these effects are explored. -from Authors","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02757259509532272","issn":"02757257","usgsCitation":"Meyer, D., Verstraete, M., and Pinty, B., 1995, The effect of surface anisotropy and viewing geometry on the estimation of NDVI from AVHRR: Remote Sensing Reviews, v. 12, no. 1-2, p. 3-27, https://doi.org/10.1080/02757259509532272.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"27","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227540,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab52e4b08c986b322d78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, David dmeyer@usgs.gov","contributorId":173208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"David","email":"dmeyer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":380767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Verstraete, M.","contributorId":49536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verstraete","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pinty, B.","contributorId":48330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pinty","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019089,"text":"70019089 - 1995 - Western frontal fault of the Canyon Range: Is it the breakaway zone of the Sevier Desert detachment?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-21T22:35:48.765039","indexId":"70019089","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Western frontal fault of the Canyon Range: Is it the breakaway zone of the Sevier Desert detachment?","docAbstract":"<div id=\"15576756\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Geologic evidence developed from surface exposures demonstrates that the western frontal fault of the Canyon Range is a major structure representing the eastern breakaway zone of the Sevier Desert detachment. The western frontal fault of the Canyon Range east of Delta, Utah, is a north-trending, west-dipping, low-angle (18 °–24 ° ) normal fault that juxtaposes syntectonic conglomerates and large-rock avalanches of the Miocene Oak City Formation against footwall rocks that have been ductilely, cataclastically, and brittlely deformed. The Oak City strata dip variably to the east; dips are shallow in eastern outcrops (5 ° –15 ° ), steeper in central outcrops (20 ° –60 ° ), and shallow in the western outcrops (10 ° –20 ° ). In eastern exposures, the shallow dips of the Oak City Formation (5 ° –15 ° ) and the acute angle of 20 ° –35 ° between the western frontal fault and Oak City units limit past rotation of the fault to ≤15 ° . The systematic variation in the dip of Oak City units from east to west suggests that the western frontal fault probably flattens beneath present Oak City outcrops, linking the fault to the shallow reflector seen in the COCORP (Consortium for Continental Reflection Profiling) Utah line 1 seismic line beneath the westernmost outcrops of the Oak City Formation. Upper plate movement is constrained by Oak City clast compositions and rock-avalanche lithologies, fault geometry, and lower plate reconstruction to a maximum of 6–7 km since Oak City syntectonic deposition at ∼12–13 Ma. Maximum upper plate displacement for the entire Sevier Desert detachment cannot be determined from these breakaway-zone exposures.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<0547:WFFOTC>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Otton, J.K., 1995, Western frontal fault of the Canyon Range: Is it the breakaway zone of the Sevier Desert detachment?: Geology, v. 23, no. 6, p. 547-550, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<0547:WFFOTC>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"547","endPage":"550","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226317,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd009e4b08c986b32ec47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Otton, J. K.","contributorId":52589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otton","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70018898,"text":"70018898 - 1995 - Identifying trends in sediment discharge from alterations in upstream land use","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-13T21:18:43","indexId":"70018898","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1483,"text":"Effects of scale on interpretation and management of sediment and water quality. Proc. symposium, Boulder, 1995","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identifying trends in sediment discharge from alterations in upstream land use","docAbstract":"Environmental monitoring is a primary reason for collecting sediment data. One emphasis of this monitoring is identification of trends in suspended sediment discharge. A stochastic equation was used to generate time series of annual suspended sediment discharges using statistics from gaging stations with drainage areas between 1606 and 1 805 230 km2. Annual sediment discharge was increased linearly to yield a given increase at the end of a fixed period and trend statistics were computed for each simulation series using Kendal's tau (at 0.05 significance level). A parameter was calculated from two factors that control trend detection time: (a) the magnitude of change in sediment discharge, and (b) the natural variability of sediment discharge. In this analysis the detection of a trend at most stations is well over 100 years for a 20% increase in sediment discharge. Further research is needed to assess the sensitivity of detecting trends at sediment stations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Effects of scale on interpretation and management of sediment and water quality. Proc. symposium, Boulder, 1995","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Parker, R.S., and Osterkamp, W.R., 1995, Identifying trends in sediment discharge from alterations in upstream land use: Effects of scale on interpretation and management of sediment and water quality. Proc. symposium, Boulder, 1995, v. 226, p. 207-213.","startPage":"207","endPage":"213","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226802,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269312,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://iahs.info/redbooks/a226/iahs_226_0207.pdf"}],"volume":"226","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a385ce4b0c8380cd6153f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parker, R. S.","contributorId":104510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Osterkamp, W. R.","contributorId":46044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osterkamp","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019087,"text":"70019087 - 1995 - Fluxes of water and solute in a coastal wetland sediment. 2. Effect of macropores on solute exchange with surface water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T08:20:46","indexId":"70019087","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluxes of water and solute in a coastal wetland sediment. 2. Effect of macropores on solute exchange with surface water","docAbstract":"<p>Chloride was highly concentrated relative to seawater in matrix porewater but was comparatively dilute in macropores. Concentration differences in pore-size classes declined with depth until indistinguishable below 10 cm. The segregated chloride distribution can be explained if recharge to the sediment occurred by downward infiltration in macropores and discharge occurred by an upward flux in matrix pores to satisfy evapotranspiration. Without disturbance by the downward infiltration flux in macropores, upward advection of chloride in matrix pores and evapoconcentration increased chloride concentrations in matrix pores to a level well above the concentration in seawater. The resulting high concentrations of chloride in matrix pores induced a large diffusive efflux of chloride into surface water that was sufficient to balance new input of chloride by infiltration of seawater in macropores (0.085 mmol Cl cm -2 day-1). Transport models that were constrained by water balance measurements at the field site explained both the exponential form of the vertical distribution of chloride in matrix pores and the rate of change in storage of chloride in sediment porewater over a one month period.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(94)02562-P","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Harvey, J., and Nuttle, W., 1995, Fluxes of water and solute in a coastal wetland sediment. 2. Effect of macropores on solute exchange with surface water: Journal of Hydrology, v. 164, no. 1-4, p. 109-125, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(94)02562-P.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"125","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226315,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"164","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a12a8e4b0c8380cd543ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, J. W. 0000-0002-2654-9873","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":39725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nuttle, W.K.","contributorId":76268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nuttle","given":"W.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019062,"text":"70019062 - 1995 - Radiolarian biostratigraphy of the Quinn River Formation, Black Rock terrane, north-central Nevada: correlations with eastern Klamath terrane geology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:15","indexId":"70019062","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2735,"text":"Micropaleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radiolarian biostratigraphy of the Quinn River Formation, Black Rock terrane, north-central Nevada: correlations with eastern Klamath terrane geology","docAbstract":"The Quinn River Formation, Black Rock terrane, Quinn River Crossing, is one of the few Nevadan sections of Permian and Triassic strata that are unaffected by Sonoman deformation. The formation consists of: 1) a basal tuff overlain by limestone and ferruginous dolomite, 2) interbedded radiolarian-bearing chert and argillite, 3) siltstone and carbonaceous shale, and 4) partly volcaniclastic rocks. All but the uppermost (barren) chert samples contain Late Permian radiolarian taxa. These radiolarians suggest that early Wordian conodonts reported from near the top of the chert and argillite unit are reworked. Poorly preserved Early(?) or Middle triassic radiolarians and Middle Triassic ammonites and pectenacid bivalves from the middle part of the volcaniclastic unit indicate the Early Triassic deposition cannot be documented at Quinn River. The ages of the Quinn River brachiopod, conodont, and radiolarian faunas resemble those of the Dekkas and Pit Formations, eastern Klamath terrane, northern California. The analogous Quinn River and eastern Klamath rock types and faunal ages, as well as similar hiatuses in their stratigraphic records, suggest that they may be lateral equivalents that formed in the same island-arc sedimentary basin. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Micropaleontology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00262803","usgsCitation":"Blome, C., and Reed, K.M., 1995, Radiolarian biostratigraphy of the Quinn River Formation, Black Rock terrane, north-central Nevada: correlations with eastern Klamath terrane geology: Micropaleontology, v. 41, no. 1, p. 49-68.","startPage":"49","endPage":"68","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226579,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9402e4b0c8380cd8114d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blome, C.D.","contributorId":60647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blome","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, K. M.","contributorId":93888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018877,"text":"70018877 - 1995 - Tectonic setting of the Portland-Vancouver area, Oregon and Washington: Constraints from low-altitude aeromagnetic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-23T15:38:45.307716","indexId":"70018877","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tectonic setting of the Portland-Vancouver area, Oregon and Washington: Constraints from low-altitude aeromagnetic data","docAbstract":"<div id=\"15008557\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Seismic activity in the Portland-Vancouver metropolitan area may be associated with various mapped faults that locally offset volcanic basement of Eocene age and younger. This volcanic basement is concealed in most places by young deposits, vegetation, and urban development. The U.S. Geological Survey conducted an aeromagnetic survey in September 1992 to investigate the extent of these mapped faults and possibly to help identify other seismic and volcanic hazards in the area. The survey was flown approximately 240 m above terrain, along flight lines spaced 460 m apart, and over an area about 50 × 50 km. These magnetic data indicate a pronounced northwest-striking magnetic lineation east of the Willamette River in downtown Portland associated with a fault concealed beneath Quaternary sedimentary deposits and previously inferred from shallow well data. The magnetic lineation confirms the existence of the fault and suggests that it has had a prolonged history: (1) Although well data indicate &lt;200 m of vertical offset of underlying volcanic basement, models based on the aeromagnetic data from downtown Portland suggest reverse faulting with up to 1 km of offset deeper in the section. (2) The magnetic lineation associated with this fault extends southeast to the Clackamas River drainage, a distance of 50 km and considerably beyond the mapped extent of the fault. A northwest-striking magnetic anomaly located southwest of the Tualatin Mountains corresponds closely with another mapped fault and with mixed reverse and strike-slip faulting during a seismic swarm (M ≤ 3) in 1991. We believe these and other anomalies in the aeromagnetic data reflect the Portland Hills fault zone, believed to be the southwestern boundary of a structural basin now occupied by Portland and Vancouver. The postulated northeastern boundary of the basin, the Frontal fault zone, is also evident, although less well represented in the aeromagnetic data. Aeromagnetic anomalies, geologic mapping, and earthquake focal-plane solutions demonstrate a complex deformational history in the Portland-Vancouver area since middle Miocene time that includes elements of compression, extension, and dextral slip. These complexities reflect Portland-Vancouver's unique position within a north-south transition in tectonic styles along the Cascadia margin, from compressional in the north to extensional in the south.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1995)107<1051:TSOTPV>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Blakely, R., Wells, R., Yelin, T., Madin, I.P., and Beeson, M., 1995, Tectonic setting of the Portland-Vancouver area, Oregon and Washington: Constraints from low-altitude aeromagnetic data: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 107, no. 9, p. 1051-1062, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1995)107<1051:TSOTPV>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1051","endPage":"1062","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226566,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.19124716119794,\n              45.33140865102621\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.74717640080335,\n              45.33140865102621\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.74717640080335,\n              46.31481320455913\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.19124716119794,\n              46.31481320455913\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.19124716119794,\n              45.33140865102621\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"107","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba47ce4b08c986b320383","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blakely, R.J. 0000-0003-1701-5236","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5236","contributorId":70755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wells, R.E. 0000-0002-7796-0160","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7796-0160","contributorId":67537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yelin, T.S.","contributorId":73626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yelin","given":"T.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Madin, I. P.","contributorId":47031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madin","given":"I.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Beeson, M.H.","contributorId":83118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeson","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70018880,"text":"70018880 - 1995 - Strong-acid, carboxyl-group structures in fulvic acid from the Suwannee River, Georgia. 2. Major structures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T07:46:51","indexId":"70018880","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strong-acid, carboxyl-group structures in fulvic acid from the Suwannee River, Georgia. 2. Major structures","docAbstract":"<p>Polycarboxylic acid structures that account for the strong-acid characteristics (pKa1 near 2.0) were examined for fulvic acid from the Suwannee River. Studies of model compounds demonstrated that pKa values near 2.0 occur only if the a-ether or a-ester groups were in cyclic structures with two to three additional electronegative functional groups (carboxyl, ester, ketone, aromatic groups) at adjacent positions on the ring. Ester linkage removal by alkaline hydrolysis and destruction of ether linkages through cleavage and reduction with hydriodic acid confirmed that the strong carboxyl acidity in fulvic acid was associated with polycarboxylic a-ether and a-ester structures. Studies of hypothetical structural models of fulvic acid indicated possible relation of these polycarboxylic structures with the amphiphilic and metal-binding properties of fulvic acid.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es00002a016","usgsCitation":"Leenheer, J., Wershaw, R., and Reddy, M., 1995, Strong-acid, carboxyl-group structures in fulvic acid from the Suwannee River, Georgia. 2. Major structures: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 29, no. 2, p. 399-405, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00002a016.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"399","endPage":"405","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226569,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9b8ee4b08c986b31cf7c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leenheer, J.A.","contributorId":75123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leenheer","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wershaw, R.L.","contributorId":62223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wershaw","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reddy, M.M.","contributorId":24363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019061,"text":"70019061 - 1995 - Evaluation of frequency distributions for flood hazard analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:15","indexId":"70019061","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Evaluation of frequency distributions for flood hazard analysis","docAbstract":"Many different frequency distributions and fitting methods are used to determine the magnitude and frequency of floods and rainfall. Ten different combinations of frequency distributions and fitting methods are evaluated by summarizing the differences in the 0.002 exceedance probability quantile (500-year event), presenting graphical displays of the 10 estimates of the 0.002 quantile, and performing statistical tests to determine if differences are statistically significant. This evaluation indicated there are some statistically significant differences among the methods but, from an engineering standpoint, these differences may not be significant.","largerWorkTitle":"International Water Resources Engineering Conference - Proceedings","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Water Resources. Part 1 (of 2)","conferenceDate":"14 August 1995 through 18 August 1995","conferenceLocation":"San Antonio, TX, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","usgsCitation":"Thomas, W.O., Kuriki, M., and Suetsugi, T., 1995, Evaluation of frequency distributions for flood hazard analysis, <i>in</i> International Water Resources Engineering Conference - Proceedings, v. 1, San Antonio, TX, USA, 14 August 1995 through 18 August 1995, p. 124-128.","startPage":"124","endPage":"128","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226578,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c75e4b0c8380cd52b68","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Espey William H.Combs Phil G.","contributorId":128391,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Espey William H.Combs Phil G.","id":536444,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Wilbert O. Jr.","contributorId":35300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Wilbert","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuriki, Minoru","contributorId":63180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuriki","given":"Minoru","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Suetsugi, Tadashi","contributorId":75701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suetsugi","given":"Tadashi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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