{"pageNumber":"3929","pageRowStart":"98200","pageSize":"25","recordCount":185143,"records":[{"id":70018829,"text":"70018829 - 1995 - Geologic and societal factors affecting the international oceanic transport of aggregate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:13","indexId":"70018829","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2879,"text":"Nonrenewable Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic and societal factors affecting the international oceanic transport of aggregate","docAbstract":"Crushed stone and sand and gravel are the two main sources of natural aggregate, and together comprise approximately half the volume and tonnage of mined material in the United States. Natural aggregate is a bulky, heavy material without special or unique properties, and it is commonly used near its source of production to minimize haulage cost. However, remoteness is no longer an absolute disqualifier for the production of aggregate. Today interstate aggregate routinely is shipped hundreds of kilometers by rail and barge. In addition, during 1992, the United States imported 1,317,000 metric tons of aggregate from Canada and 1,531,000 metric tons from Mexico. A number of ports on the Atlantic Coast and Gulf Coast of the United States receive imports of crushed stone from foreign sources for transport to various parts of the eastern United States. These areas either lack adequate supplies of aggregate or are augmenting their supplies because they have difficulties meeting current demand. These difficulties may include poor stone quality, environmental permitting problems, or transportation. Certain societal and geologic conditions of New York City and Philadelphia along the Atlantic Coast, and Tampa and New Orleans along the Gulf Coast, are discussed to demonstrate the different combinations of issues that contribute to the economic viability of importing crushed stone. ?? 1995 Oxford University Press.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nonrenewable Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF02263378","issn":"09611444","usgsCitation":"Langer, W.H., 1995, Geologic and societal factors affecting the international oceanic transport of aggregate: Nonrenewable Resources, v. 4, no. 4, p. 303-309, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02263378.","startPage":"303","endPage":"309","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205759,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02263378"},{"id":226612,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a190de4b0c8380cd55890","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langer, W. H.","contributorId":44932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langer","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70018837,"text":"70018837 - 1995 - Factors affecting microbial 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene mineralization in contaminated soil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-16T18:24:12.122613","indexId":"70018837","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors affecting microbial 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene mineralization in contaminated soil","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es00003a031","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Bradley, P., and Chapelle, F.H., 1995, Factors affecting microbial 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene mineralization in contaminated soil: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 29, no. 3, p. 802-806, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00003a031.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"802","endPage":"806","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226710,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ea4e4b0c8380cd53557","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, P. M. 0000-0001-7522-8606","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":29465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapelle, F. H.","contributorId":101697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018841,"text":"70018841 - 1995 - Composition of precipitation, bulk deposition, and runoff at a granitic bedrock catchment in the Loch Vale watershed, Colorado, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T16:05:15","indexId":"70018841","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1008,"text":"Biogeochemistry of seasonally snow-covered catchments. Proc. symposium, Boulder, 1995","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Composition of precipitation, bulk deposition, and runoff at a granitic bedrock catchment in the Loch Vale watershed, Colorado, USA","docAbstract":"The chemical composition of precipitation, bulk deposition, and runoff from a 30-m2 granitic bedrock catchment in the Loch Vale Watershed in Rocky Mountain National Park was monitored over a 6-week period in the summer of 1994 to determine the importance of dry deposition in the alpine zone. Concentrations of acid anions and base cations were 1.1 to 4 times higher in bulk deposition than in precipitation. Concentrations of the same solutes were 3 to 10 times higher in runoff from the bedrock catchment than in bulk deposition, and during individual runoff events, the concentrations of most ions were highest in the initial runoff. Evaporation from the rock surface accounted for only a 15% increase in solute concentrations indicating that most of the dissolved load in bedrock runoff is derived from the dissolution of dry deposition that accumulates on the bedrock between storm events. These results indicate that dry deposition may be an important source of solutes to this alpine ecosystem.","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Clow, D.W., and Mast, M.A., 1995, Composition of precipitation, bulk deposition, and runoff at a granitic bedrock catchment in the Loch Vale watershed, Colorado, USA: Biogeochemistry of seasonally snow-covered catchments. Proc. symposium, Boulder, 1995, v. 228, p. 235-242.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"235","endPage":"242","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226755,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"228","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f92ae4b0c8380cd4d493","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clow, David W. 0000-0001-6183-4824 dwclow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6183-4824","contributorId":1671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"David","email":"dwclow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":380908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mast, M. Alisa 0000-0001-6253-8162 mamast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6253-8162","contributorId":827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"M.","email":"mamast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Alisa","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":380909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018845,"text":"70018845 - 1995 - Spatial trends in Pearson Type III statistical parameters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-16T07:45:47","indexId":"70018845","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial trends in Pearson Type III statistical parameters","docAbstract":"Spatial trends in the statistical parameters (mean, standard deviation, and skewness coefficient) of a Pearson Type III distribution of the logarithms of annual flood peaks for small rural basins (less than 90 km2) are delineated using a climate factor CT, (T=2-, 25-, and 100-yr recurrence intervals), which quantifies the effects of long-term climatic data (rainfall and pan evaporation) on observed T-yr floods. Maps showing trends in average parameter values demonstrate the geographically varying influence of climate on the magnitude of Pearson Type III statistical parameters. The spatial trends in variability of the parameter values characterize the sensitivity of statistical parameters to the interaction of basin-runoff characteristics (hydrology) and climate. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1995)121:9(672)","usgsCitation":"Lichty, R., and Karlinger, M., 1995, Spatial trends in Pearson Type III statistical parameters: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 121, no. 9, p. 672-678, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1995)121:9(672).","startPage":"672","endPage":"678","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226799,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269424,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1995)121:9(672)"}],"volume":"121","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94abe4b08c986b31abdc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lichty, R.W.","contributorId":46987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lichty","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karlinger, M.R.","contributorId":95039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karlinger","given":"M.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018867,"text":"70018867 - 1995 - The generalized 20/80 law using probabilistic fractals applied to petroleum field size","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:14","indexId":"70018867","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2879,"text":"Nonrenewable Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The generalized 20/80 law using probabilistic fractals applied to petroleum field size","docAbstract":"Fractal properties of the Pareto probability distribution are used to generalize \"the 20/80 law.\" The 20/80 law is a heuristic law that has evolved over the years into the following rule of thumb for many populations: 20 percent of the population accounts for 80 percent of the total value. The general p100/q100 law in probabilistic form is defined with q as a function of p, where p is the population proportion and q is the proportion of total value. Using the Pareto distribution, the p100/q100 law in fractal form is derived with the parameter q being a fractal, where q unexpectedly possesses the scale invariance property. The 20/80 law is a special case of the p100/q100 law in fractal form. The p100/q100 law in fractal form is applied to petroleum fieldsize data to obtain p and q such that p100% of the oil fields greater than any specified scale or size in a geologic play account for q100% of the total oil of the fields. The theoretical percentages of total resources of oil using the fractal q are extremely close to the empirical percentages from the data using the statistic q. Also, the empirical scale invariance property of the statistic q for the petroleum fieldsize data is in excellent agreement with the theoretical scale invariance property of the fractal q. ?? 1995 Oxford University Press.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nonrenewable Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF02257575","issn":"09611444","usgsCitation":"Crovelli, R., 1995, The generalized 20/80 law using probabilistic fractals applied to petroleum field size: Nonrenewable Resources, v. 4, no. 3, p. 233-241, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02257575.","startPage":"233","endPage":"241","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205718,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02257575"},{"id":226392,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bac3ce4b08c986b32336a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crovelli, R. A.","contributorId":40969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crovelli","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70018727,"text":"70018727 - 1995 - Glacial removal of late Cenozoic subglacially emplaced volcanic edifices by the West Antarctic ice sheet","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-20T12:50:44","indexId":"70018727","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Glacial removal of late Cenozoic subglacially emplaced volcanic edifices by the West Antarctic ice sheet","docAbstract":"Local maxima of the horizontal gradient of pseudogravity from closely spaced aeromagnetic surveys over the Ross Sea, northwestern Ross Ice Shelf, and the West Antarctic ice sheet, reveal a linear magnetic rift fabric and numerous subcircular, high-amplitude anomalies. Geophysical data indicate two or three youthful volcanic edifices at widely separated areas beneath the sea and ice cover in the West Antarctic rift system. In contrast, we suggest glacial removal of edifices of volcanic sources of many more anomalies. Magnetic models, controlled by marine seismic reflection and radar ice-sounding data, allow us to infer that glacial removal of the associated late Cenozoic volcanic edifices (probably debris, comprising pillow breccias, and hyaloclastites) has occurred essentially concomitantly with their subglacial eruption. \"Removal' of unconsolidated volcanic debris erupted beneath the ice is probably a more appropriate term than \"erosion', given its fragmented, ice-contact origin. The exposed volcanoes may have been protected from erosion by the surrounding ice sheet because of more competent rock or high elevation above the ice sheet. -from Authors","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<1111:GROLCS>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Behrendt, J.C., Blankenship, D.D., Damaske, D., and Cooper, A.K., 1995, Glacial removal of late Cenozoic subglacially emplaced volcanic edifices by the West Antarctic ice sheet: Geology, v. 23, no. 12, p. 1111-1114, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<1111:GROLCS>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1111","endPage":"1114","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227357,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Ross Sea","volume":"23","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a290be4b0c8380cd5a62c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Behrendt, John C. jbehrendt@usgs.gov","contributorId":25945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Behrendt","given":"John","email":"jbehrendt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":213,"text":"Crustal Imaging and Characterization Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":380562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blankenship, D. D.","contributorId":29012,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blankenship","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Damaske, D.","contributorId":66771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Damaske","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cooper, A. K.","contributorId":50149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70018726,"text":"70018726 - 1995 - Implications of uncertainty in exposure assessment for groundwater contamination","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:27","indexId":"70018726","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Implications of uncertainty in exposure assessment for groundwater contamination","docAbstract":"Decision-making on regulation, mitigation, and treatment of drinking water contamination depends, in part, on estimates of human exposure. Assessment of past, present and potential future exposure levels requires quantitative characterization of the contaminant sources, the transport of contaminants and the level of actual human exposure to the contaminated water. Failure to consider the uncertainties in these three components of exposure assessment can lead to poor decisions such as implementing an inappropriate mitigation strategy or failing to regulate an important contaminant. Three examples from US Geological Survey hydrogeologic studies in southern California are presented to illustrate some of the unique uncertainties associated with exposure assessment for groundwater contamination.","largerWorkTitle":"IAHS-AISH Publication","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Assessing and Managing Health Risks from Drinking Water Contamination: Approaches and Applications","conferenceDate":"13 September 1994 through 17 September 1994","conferenceLocation":"Rome, Italy","language":"English","publisher":"IAHS","publisherLocation":"Wallingford, United Kingdom","issn":"01447815","usgsCitation":"Reichard, E.G., Izbicki, J., and Martin, P., 1995, Implications of uncertainty in exposure assessment for groundwater contamination, <i>in</i> IAHS-AISH Publication, no. 233, Rome, Italy, 13 September 1994 through 17 September 1994, p. 211-219.","startPage":"211","endPage":"219","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227356,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"233","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3930e4b0c8380cd61835","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reichard, Eric G. 0000-0002-7310-3866 egreich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7310-3866","contributorId":1207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reichard","given":"Eric","email":"egreich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":380560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Izbicki, John A. 0000-0003-0816-4408 jaizbick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":1375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"John A.","email":"jaizbick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":380561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin, Peter pmmartin@usgs.gov","contributorId":799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Peter","email":"pmmartin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":380559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018725,"text":"70018725 - 1995 - The structural and geochemical evolution of the continental crust: Support for the oceanic plateau model of continental growth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-05T15:36:50.570876","indexId":"70018725","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3283,"text":"Reviews of Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The structural and geochemical evolution of the continental crust: Support for the oceanic plateau model of continental growth","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>The problem of the origin of the continental crust can be resolved into two fundamental questions: (1) the location and mechanisms of initial mantle extraction of the primitive crust and (2) the processes by which this primitive crust is converted into the continental crust that presently exists. We know that Archean continental crust is compositionally distinct from younger continental crust. Archean magmatism was dominantly bimodal, mafic thoeleiitic plus dacitic, heavy rare earth element depleted, in contrast to the dominantly unimodal, roughly andesitic calc‐alkaline magmatism on younger crust [<i>Taylor and McLennan</i>, 1985;<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Condie</i>, 1989]. The problem is whether these compositional differences are primarily due to different mechanisms of crustal extraction from the mantle or to different mechanisms of differentiation and alteration of newly formed continental crust.</p></div>","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/95RG00551","issn":"87551209","usgsCitation":"Abbott, D., and Mooney, W.D., 1995, The structural and geochemical evolution of the continental crust: Support for the oceanic plateau model of continental growth: Reviews of Geophysics, v. 33, no. SUPPL. 1, p. 231-242, https://doi.org/10.1029/95RG00551.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"231","endPage":"242","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479287,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/95rg00551","text":"External Repository"},{"id":227355,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"SUPPL. 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb093e4b08c986b324f4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Abbott, D.","contributorId":96031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abbott","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":380557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018876,"text":"70018876 - 1995 - The Stillwater Complex, Montana: a subvolcanic magma chamber?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:13","indexId":"70018876","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Stillwater Complex, Montana: a subvolcanic magma chamber?","docAbstract":"Five magma types occur as sills in the footwall of the Stillwater Complex, all of them coeval with the Stillwater Complex, all of them coeval with the Stillwater in age. Two of the magma types have compositions that suggest they are similar to the magmas from which the cumulates of the Stillwater's Basal and Ultramafic series crystallized. Melting experiments show that the crystallization sequence inferred from the Ultramafic series cumulates is matched only in the mixture of the two sill types at 1.5-3 kbar. Thus, the observed stratigraphy of the Basal and Ultramafic series may result from mixing of two distinct magmas rather than fractionation of a single magma. The permissible pressure range of 1.5-3 kbar implies that the depth of the Stillwater magma chamber was similar to that of subvolcanic magma chambers such as that of Kilauea Volcano, which raises the possibility that the Stillwater magma body may also have been a subvolcanic reservoir. -from Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Helz, R., 1995, The Stillwater Complex, Montana: a subvolcanic magma chamber?: American Mineralogist, v. 80, no. 11-12, p. 1343-1346.","startPage":"1343","endPage":"1346","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226527,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"11-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba911e4b08c986b322028","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helz, Rosalind Tuthill 0000-0003-1550-0684","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1550-0684","contributorId":16806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helz","given":"Rosalind Tuthill","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":380997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70018877,"text":"70018877 - 1995 - Tectonic setting of the Portland-Vancouver area, Oregon and Washington: Constraints from low-altitude aeromagnetic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-23T15:38:45.307716","indexId":"70018877","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tectonic setting of the Portland-Vancouver area, Oregon and Washington: Constraints from low-altitude aeromagnetic data","docAbstract":"<div id=\"15008557\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Seismic activity in the Portland-Vancouver metropolitan area may be associated with various mapped faults that locally offset volcanic basement of Eocene age and younger. This volcanic basement is concealed in most places by young deposits, vegetation, and urban development. The U.S. Geological Survey conducted an aeromagnetic survey in September 1992 to investigate the extent of these mapped faults and possibly to help identify other seismic and volcanic hazards in the area. The survey was flown approximately 240 m above terrain, along flight lines spaced 460 m apart, and over an area about 50 × 50 km. These magnetic data indicate a pronounced northwest-striking magnetic lineation east of the Willamette River in downtown Portland associated with a fault concealed beneath Quaternary sedimentary deposits and previously inferred from shallow well data. The magnetic lineation confirms the existence of the fault and suggests that it has had a prolonged history: (1) Although well data indicate &lt;200 m of vertical offset of underlying volcanic basement, models based on the aeromagnetic data from downtown Portland suggest reverse faulting with up to 1 km of offset deeper in the section. (2) The magnetic lineation associated with this fault extends southeast to the Clackamas River drainage, a distance of 50 km and considerably beyond the mapped extent of the fault. A northwest-striking magnetic anomaly located southwest of the Tualatin Mountains corresponds closely with another mapped fault and with mixed reverse and strike-slip faulting during a seismic swarm (M ≤ 3) in 1991. We believe these and other anomalies in the aeromagnetic data reflect the Portland Hills fault zone, believed to be the southwestern boundary of a structural basin now occupied by Portland and Vancouver. The postulated northeastern boundary of the basin, the Frontal fault zone, is also evident, although less well represented in the aeromagnetic data. Aeromagnetic anomalies, geologic mapping, and earthquake focal-plane solutions demonstrate a complex deformational history in the Portland-Vancouver area since middle Miocene time that includes elements of compression, extension, and dextral slip. These complexities reflect Portland-Vancouver's unique position within a north-south transition in tectonic styles along the Cascadia margin, from compressional in the north to extensional in the south.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1995)107<1051:TSOTPV>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Blakely, R., Wells, R., Yelin, T., Madin, I.P., and Beeson, M., 1995, Tectonic setting of the Portland-Vancouver area, Oregon and Washington: Constraints from low-altitude aeromagnetic data: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 107, no. 9, p. 1051-1062, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1995)107<1051:TSOTPV>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1051","endPage":"1062","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226566,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.19124716119794,\n              45.33140865102621\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.74717640080335,\n              45.33140865102621\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.74717640080335,\n              46.31481320455913\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.19124716119794,\n              46.31481320455913\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.19124716119794,\n              45.33140865102621\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"107","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba47ce4b08c986b320383","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blakely, R.J. 0000-0003-1701-5236","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5236","contributorId":70755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wells, R.E. 0000-0002-7796-0160","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7796-0160","contributorId":67537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yelin, T.S.","contributorId":73626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yelin","given":"T.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Madin, I. P.","contributorId":47031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madin","given":"I.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Beeson, M.H.","contributorId":83118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeson","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70018880,"text":"70018880 - 1995 - Strong-acid, carboxyl-group structures in fulvic acid from the Suwannee River, Georgia. 2. Major structures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T07:46:51","indexId":"70018880","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strong-acid, carboxyl-group structures in fulvic acid from the Suwannee River, Georgia. 2. Major structures","docAbstract":"<p>Polycarboxylic acid structures that account for the strong-acid characteristics (pKa1 near 2.0) were examined for fulvic acid from the Suwannee River. Studies of model compounds demonstrated that pKa values near 2.0 occur only if the a-ether or a-ester groups were in cyclic structures with two to three additional electronegative functional groups (carboxyl, ester, ketone, aromatic groups) at adjacent positions on the ring. Ester linkage removal by alkaline hydrolysis and destruction of ether linkages through cleavage and reduction with hydriodic acid confirmed that the strong carboxyl acidity in fulvic acid was associated with polycarboxylic a-ether and a-ester structures. Studies of hypothetical structural models of fulvic acid indicated possible relation of these polycarboxylic structures with the amphiphilic and metal-binding properties of fulvic acid.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es00002a016","usgsCitation":"Leenheer, J., Wershaw, R., and Reddy, M., 1995, Strong-acid, carboxyl-group structures in fulvic acid from the Suwannee River, Georgia. 2. Major structures: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 29, no. 2, p. 399-405, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00002a016.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"399","endPage":"405","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226569,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9b8ee4b08c986b31cf7c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leenheer, J.A.","contributorId":75123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leenheer","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wershaw, R.L.","contributorId":62223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wershaw","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reddy, M.M.","contributorId":24363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019244,"text":"70019244 - 1995 - Block rotation in east-central Alaska: A framework for evaluating earthquake potential?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-21T22:31:29.349206","indexId":"70019244","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Block rotation in east-central Alaska: A framework for evaluating earthquake potential?","docAbstract":"<div id=\"15576722\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Geologic and seismic data reveal a set of parallel, active, strike-slip faults in east-central Alaska between the Denali and Tintina fault systems. The faults strike northeast to north-northeast, at a high angle to the bounding dextral fault systems, and exhibit sinistral slip. We hypothesize that this set of faults divides the crust into long blocks that are rotating clockwise in response to northerly compression resulting from Pacific–North American plate convergence. We suggest that these faults have produced most of the large historical earthquakes in east-central Alaska between the Alaska Range and the Yukon River.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<0629:BRIECA>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Page, R., Plafker, G., and Pulpan, H., 1995, Block rotation in east-central Alaska: A framework for evaluating earthquake potential?: Geology, v. 23, no. 7, p. 629-632, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<0629:BRIECA>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"629","endPage":"632","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226505,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f1e4e4b0c8380cd4aeac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Page, R.A.","contributorId":40197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plafker, George 0000-0003-3972-0390","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3972-0390","contributorId":36603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plafker","given":"George","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pulpan, H.","contributorId":71705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pulpan","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1003185,"text":"1003185 - 1995 - Transfer and accumulation of organochlorines from black-crowned night-heron eggs to chicks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-08T17:12:44.42652","indexId":"1003185","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transfer and accumulation of organochlorines from black-crowned night-heron eggs to chicks","docAbstract":"<p><span>Eggs and sibling 1-, 3-, and 5-d-old chicks from seven black-crowned night-heron (</span><i>Nycticorax nycticorax</i><span>) broods were collected from Green Bay, Wisconsin, and analyzed for organochlorines. The concentration (μg/g) of nine organochlorines either decreased (</span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;= 7) or remained the same (</span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;= 2) as the chicks grew older. In contrast, the total mass (μg) of these nine organochlorines increased (</span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;= 7) or remained the same (</span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;= 2) as the chicks grew older. Accumulation rates of mass (μg/d) between egg and 5-d-old chicks for each of the nine organochlorines were positive and varied from 0.2 μg/d (</span><i>p,p</i><span>′-DDT) to 42 μg/d (PCBs). These results suggest that the loss of contaminant mass from eggs to chicks reported in some earlier studies was because the entire carcass was not analyzed (i.e., not including skin, gastrointestinal tract, etc.). These results also support the use of contaminant accumulation rates as an indicator of local contamination.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620140323","usgsCitation":"Custer, T., and Custer, C.M., 1995, Transfer and accumulation of organochlorines from black-crowned night-heron eggs to chicks: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 14, no. 3, p. 533-536, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620140323.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"533","endPage":"536","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133906,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1995-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db626faa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Custer, T. W. 0000-0003-3170-6519","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":91802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"T. W.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":312895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Custer, Christine M. 0000-0003-0500-1582","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0500-1582","contributorId":31330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019246,"text":"70019246 - 1995 - Areal extent of freshwater from an experimental release of Mississippi River Water into Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana, May 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:16","indexId":"70019246","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Areal extent of freshwater from an experimental release of Mississippi River Water into Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana, May 1994","docAbstract":"The effects of the release of freshwater from the Mississippi river into the Lake Pontchartrain was evaluated. The study determined the delineation of the areal extent of the freshwater plume in the lake, intensively sampled lake and river water and bed sediment to determine the effects on water quality in the lake, and performed a dye study to determine the mixing characteristics of the lake. Water temperature and specific conductance data were used to differentiate between zones of freshwater, mixing, and saltwater. The direction of the freshwater plume seemed to be affected by the wind direction. It was observed that the general direction of the plume was limited to the southwestern part of Lake Pontchartrain.","largerWorkTitle":"Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 9th 1995 Conference on Coastal Zone","conferenceDate":"16 July 1995 through 21 July 1995","conferenceLocation":"Tampa, FL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","usgsCitation":"McCallum, B.E., 1995, Areal extent of freshwater from an experimental release of Mississippi River Water into Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana, May 1994, <i>in</i> Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management, Tampa, FL, USA, 16 July 1995 through 21 July 1995, p. 363-364.","startPage":"363","endPage":"364","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226546,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed6ae4b0c8380cd497d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCallum, Brian E. 0000-0002-8935-0343 bemccall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8935-0343","contributorId":1591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCallum","given":"Brian","email":"bemccall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":382126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70019245,"text":"70019245 - 1995 - Contraction scour at a bridge over Wolf Creek, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-21T09:18:51","indexId":"70019245","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Contraction scour at a bridge over Wolf Creek, Iowa","docAbstract":"<p>Contraction scour at the State Highway 14 bridge over Wolf Creek in south-central Iowa was caused by a large flood on September 14 and 15, 1992. The bridge is a 30.5-m, single-span steel structure supported by vertical-wall concrete abutments with wingwalls. Approximately 6 meters of scour resulted from the flood. The peak discharge was estimated by water-surface profile analysis to be 2,200 cubic meters per second. A crude stage hydrograph is depicted by a line of gravel deposits created by water overflowing the downstream face of the highway embankment. The fall of the water surface at the bridge was 3.4 m when water began to flow over the highway.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"International Water Resources Engineering Conference - Proceedings","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Water Resources. Part 1 (of 2)","conferenceDate":"August 14-18, 1998","conferenceLocation":"San Antonio, TX","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","usgsCitation":"Fischer, E.E., 1995, Contraction scour at a bridge over Wolf Creek, Iowa, <i>in</i> International Water Resources Engineering Conference - Proceedings, v. 1, San Antonio, TX, August 14-18, 1998, p. 430-434.","startPage":"430","endPage":"434","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226506,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","otherGeospatial":"Wolf Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        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edf@usgs.gov","contributorId":1063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"Edward","email":"edf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":382125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70018934,"text":"70018934 - 1995 - US Geological Survey research on the environmental fate of uranium mining and milling wastes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-03T14:35:20","indexId":"70018934","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"US Geological Survey research on the environmental fate of uranium mining and milling wastes","docAbstract":"Studies by the US Geological Survey (USGS) of uranium mill tailings (UMT) have focused on characterizing the forms in which radionuclides are retained and identifying factors influencing the release of radionuclides to air and water. Selective extraction studies and studies of radionuclide sorption by and leaching from components of UMT showed alkaline earth sulfate and hydrous ferric oxides to be important hosts of radium-226 (<sup>226</sup>Ra) in UMT. Extrapolating from studies of barite dissolution in anerobic lake sediments, the leaching of <sup>226</sup>Ra from UMT by sulfate-reducing bacteria was investigated; a marked increase in <sup>226</sup>Ra release to aqueous solution as compared to sterile controls was demonstrated. A similar action of iron(III)-reducing bacteria was later shown. Ion exchangers such as clay minerals can also promote the dissolution of host-phase minerals and thereby influence the fate of radionuclides such as <sup>226</sup>Ra. Radon release studies examined particle size and ore composition as variables. Aggregation of UMT particles was shown to mask the higher emanating fraction of finer particles. Studies of various ores and ore components showed that UMT cannot be assumed to have the same radon-release characteristics as their precursor ores, nor can <sup>226</sup>Ra retained by various substrates be assumed to emanate the same fraction of radon. Over the last decade, USGS research directed at offsite mobility of radionuclides from uranium mining and milling processes has focused on six areas: the Midnite Mine in Washington; Ralston Creek and Reservoir, Colorado; sites near Canon City, Colorado; the Monument Valley District of Arizona and Utah; the Cameron District of Arizona; and the Puerco River basin of Arizona and New Mexico.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00776028","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Landa, E.R., and Gray, J.R., 1995, US Geological Survey research on the environmental fate of uranium mining and milling wastes: Environmental Geology, v. 26, no. 1, p. 19-31, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00776028.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"31","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205768,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00776028"},{"id":226666,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbb50e4b08c986b32861f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landa, E. R.","contributorId":100002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landa","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gray, J. R.","contributorId":63372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70186253,"text":"70186253 - 1995 - Seasonal land-cover regions of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-31T15:21:14.103269","indexId":"70186253","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":797,"text":"Annals of the Association of American Geographers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal land-cover regions of the United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>Global-change investigations have been hindered by deficiencies in the availability and quality of land-cover data. The U.S. Geological Survey and the University of Nebraska-Lincoln have collaborated on the development of a new approach to land-cover characterization that attempts to address requirements of the global-change research community and others interested in regional patterns of land cover. An experimental 1 -kilometer-resolution database of land-cover characteristics for the coterminous U.S. has been prepared to test and evaluate the approach. Using multidate Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) satellite data complemented by elevation, climate, ecoregions, and other digital spatial datasets, the authors define 152, seasonal land-cover regions. The regionalization is based on a taxonomy of areas with respect to data on land cover, seasonality or phenology, and relative levels of primary production. The resulting database consists of descriptions of the vegetation, land cover, and seasonal, spectral, and site characteristics for each region. These data are used in the construction of an illustrative 1:7,500,000-scaIe map of the seasonal land-cover regions as well as of smaller-scale maps portraying general land cover and seasonality. The seasonal land-cover characteristics database can also be tailored to provide a broad range of other landscape parameters useful in national and global-scale environmental modeling and assessment.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-8306.1995.tb01798.x","usgsCitation":"Loveland, T.R., Merchant, J.W., Brown, J.F., Ohlen, D.O., Reed, B.C., Olson, P., and Hutchinson, J., 1995, Seasonal land-cover regions of the United States: Annals of the Association of American Geographers, v. 85, no. 2, p. 339-355, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8306.1995.tb01798.x.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"339","endPage":"355","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339023,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Conterminous United 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    ],\n              [\n                -118.4106,\n                33.74091\n              ],\n              [\n                -118.51989,\n                34.02778\n              ],\n              [\n                -119.081,\n                34.078\n              ],\n              [\n                -119.43884,\n                34.34848\n              ],\n              [\n                -120.36778,\n                34.44711\n              ],\n              [\n                -120.62286,\n                34.60855\n              ],\n              [\n                -120.74433,\n                35.15686\n              ],\n              [\n                -121.71457,\n                36.16153\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.54747,\n                37.55176\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.51201,\n                37.78339\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.95319,\n                38.11371\n              ],\n              [\n                -123.7272,\n                38.95166\n              ],\n              [\n                -123.86517,\n                39.76699\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.39807,\n                40.3132\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.17886,\n                41.14202\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.2137,\n                41.99964\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.53284,\n                42.76599\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.14214,\n                43.70838\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.02053,\n                44.6159\n              ],\n              [\n                -123.89893,\n                45.52341\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.07963,\n                46.86475\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.39567,\n                47.72017\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.68721,\n                48.18443\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.5661,\n                48.37971\n              ],\n              [\n                -123.12,\n                48.04\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.58736,\n                47.096\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.34,\n                47.36\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.5,\n                48.18\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.84,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -120,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -117.03121,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -116.04818,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -113,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -110.05,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -107.05,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -104.04826,\n                48.99986\n              ],\n              [\n                -100.65,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -97.22872,\n                49.0007\n              ],\n              [\n                -95.15907,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -95.15609,\n                49.38425\n              ],\n              [\n                -94.81758,\n                49.38905\n              ]\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      },\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"name\": \"United States\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"85","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e35f8ee4b09da67997ece0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646 loveland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":140256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas","email":"loveland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":688023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Merchant, James W.","contributorId":7858,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Merchant","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Jesslyn F. 0000-0002-9976-1998 jfbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9976-1998","contributorId":3241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Jesslyn","email":"jfbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":688025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ohlen, Donald O. ohlen@usgs.gov","contributorId":3779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohlen","given":"Donald","email":"ohlen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":688026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reed, Bradley C. 0000-0002-1132-7178 reed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1132-7178","contributorId":2901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Bradley","email":"reed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":688027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Olson, Paul","contributorId":26091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hutchinson, John 0000-0002-9595-5648","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9595-5648","contributorId":40303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"John","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":688029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70018938,"text":"70018938 - 1995 - Comparison of the petrography, palynology, and paleobotany of the Little Fire Creek coal bed, southwestern Virginia, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-12T16:40:04.112815","indexId":"70018938","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of the petrography, palynology, and paleobotany of the Little Fire Creek coal bed, southwestern Virginia, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"<p><span>Two continuous cores that penetrated the Lower Pennsylvanian Little Fire Creek coal bed in the Southwestern coal field in southwestern Virginia were sampled and X-ray radiographed to determine subunit distinctions. Comparison of petrographic, palynologic, and paleobotanic data from the same sample sets from the two cores allowed for comparison of compositional data within the Little Fire Creek coal bed. The proximate, petrographic, palynologic, and plant tissue data from two sets of samples indicate a high ash, gelocollinite- and liptinite-rich coal consisting of a relatively diverse paleoflora, including lycopsid trees, small lycopsids, tree ferns, small ferns, pteridosperms (seed ferns), and rare calamites and cordaites. The relatively very high ash yields (3–80 wt%), the relatively thin subunits (1–28 cm), and the large scale vertical variations in palynomorph floras suggest that the study area was at the edge of the paleopea-forming environment. As a result, most of the compositional correspondences are among those components indicative of degradation or decomposition.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0146-6380(95)90008-X","usgsCitation":"Pierce, B., Eble, C.F., and Stanton, R., 1995, Comparison of the petrography, palynology, and paleobotany of the Little Fire Creek coal bed, southwestern Virginia, U.S.A.: Organic Geochemistry, v. 22, no. 1, p. 51-71, https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(95)90008-X.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"71","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226715,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","county":"Lee County, Scott County","otherGeospatial":"southwestern Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-82.8775,36.8927],[-82.8705,36.8879],[-82.8674,36.8849],[-82.863,36.8768],[-82.8511,36.8699],[-82.8518,36.8645],[-82.8437,36.8579],[-82.8491,36.855],[-82.8494,36.8501],[-82.8454,36.8464],[-82.8353,36.8481],[-82.7796,36.8069],[-82.7697,36.7987],[-82.7679,36.7998],[-82.7683,36.8014],[-82.7693,36.8042],[-82.7697,36.806],[-82.7695,36.8077],[-82.7684,36.81],[-82.7677,36.8106],[-82.7659,36.8115],[-82.7551,36.8259],[-82.7479,36.8304],[-82.7409,36.83],[-82.7286,36.8291],[-82.7249,36.833],[-82.7221,36.8316],[-82.7227,36.8258],[-82.7144,36.8225],[-82.7064,36.8227],[-82.7032,36.8174],[-82.6988,36.8166],[-82.6923,36.8198],[-82.6898,36.822],[-82.6852,36.8247],[-82.6775,36.8335],[-82.6763,36.8343],[-82.6584,36.8442],[-82.6555,36.8483],[-82.6505,36.8616],[-82.6345,36.8783],[-82.6182,36.8806],[-82.5973,36.8811],[-82.5714,36.8816],[-82.5448,36.8822],[-82.5181,36.8828],[-82.4919,36.8834],[-82.4638,36.884],[-82.4377,36.8843],[-82.4038,36.8855],[-82.401,36.8855],[-82.3992,36.8814],[-82.4015,36.8795],[-82.4077,36.8779],[-82.3905,36.8434],[-82.3568,36.7797],[-82.3372,36.7218],[-82.3329,36.712],[-82.3216,36.685],[-82.303,36.6178],[-82.293,36.5959],[-82.4966,36.5947],[-82.6098,36.5944],[-82.7597,36.5941],[-82.8301,36.5942],[-82.9851,36.5941],[-83.021,36.5941],[-83.2538,36.5942],[-83.2742,36.6001],[-83.472,36.5975],[-83.4899,36.598],[-83.5926,36.5982],[-83.6245,36.5987],[-83.6477,36.6009],[-83.6748,36.6012],[-83.669,36.6071],[-83.6632,36.612],[-83.6562,36.6158],[-83.6515,36.6195],[-83.648,36.6229],[-83.6416,36.6253],[-83.6359,36.6261],[-83.6293,36.6273],[-83.6266,36.6278],[-83.6214,36.6295],[-83.6175,36.6312],[-83.6139,36.6339],[-83.6104,36.6369],[-83.6069,36.6383],[-83.6011,36.6401],[-83.5991,36.64],[-83.5921,36.6431],[-83.5798,36.6424],[-83.566,36.6483],[-83.5533,36.6525],[-83.5372,36.6586],[-83.5296,36.6648],[-83.4994,36.671],[-83.4979,36.6711],[-83.4939,36.6708],[-83.4893,36.6701],[-83.4841,36.6693],[-83.4788,36.6684],[-83.4777,36.6682],[-83.4702,36.6674],[-83.465,36.6668],[-83.4604,36.6668],[-83.4553,36.6677],[-83.4483,36.6688],[-83.4397,36.6696],[-83.4334,36.6693],[-83.4324,36.6693],[-83.4284,36.6693],[-83.425,36.6699],[-83.4221,36.67],[-83.4147,36.6716],[-83.408,36.6736],[-83.4034,36.6756],[-83.397,36.6789],[-83.3935,36.6823],[-83.3887,36.6855],[-83.3841,36.689],[-83.3784,36.6909],[-83.3707,36.6934],[-83.3638,36.6946],[-83.3506,36.699],[-83.3354,36.7041],[-83.3184,36.7083],[-83.3175,36.7085],[-83.2949,36.7138],[-83.2719,36.7194],[-83.2654,36.7209],[-83.2475,36.7256],[-83.2316,36.7301],[-83.2307,36.7303],[-83.2104,36.7358],[-83.2018,36.7379],[-83.1958,36.7393],[-83.1901,36.74],[-83.1816,36.7411],[-83.1695,36.7411],[-83.1586,36.7411],[-83.1494,36.7414],[-83.1448,36.7418],[-83.1413,36.7421],[-83.1374,36.7438],[-83.1354,36.7457],[-83.1327,36.7491],[-83.1301,36.7523],[-83.1283,36.7568],[-83.1281,36.7576],[-83.1293,36.7638],[-83.1306,36.7722],[-83.1309,36.7785],[-83.131,36.7787],[-83.1331,36.7822],[-83.1332,36.7838],[-83.1331,36.7845],[-83.1249,36.7867],[-83.1223,36.7883],[-83.1162,36.792],[-83.112,36.796],[-83.1102,36.7987],[-83.108,36.801],[-83.106,36.804],[-83.1032,36.8071],[-83.1015,36.8089],[-83.0995,36.8103],[-83.0982,36.8134],[-83.0977,36.8145],[-83.0973,36.8172],[-83.0968,36.8199],[-83.0974,36.8225],[-83.0975,36.8245],[-83.0978,36.8281],[-83.0977,36.8311],[-83.0958,36.8327],[-83.0941,36.8342],[-83.0876,36.8386],[-83.0834,36.8403],[-83.0801,36.8412],[-83.0772,36.8416],[-83.0749,36.8419],[-83.0732,36.8438],[-83.0728,36.8461],[-83.0729,36.8483],[-83.0724,36.8511],[-83.0699,36.8528],[-83.0676,36.8541],[-83.0647,36.8536],[-83.0599,36.8532],[-83.0521,36.8529],[-83.0484,36.8534],[-83.044,36.854],[-83.0382,36.8553],[-83.0324,36.8556],[-83.0278,36.8551],[-83.0262,36.8544],[-83.0261,36.8534],[-83.0246,36.8509],[-83.0203,36.8495],[-83.0128,36.8474],[-83.0067,36.847],[-83.0042,36.8505],[-83.004,36.8506],[-83.0034,36.8508],[-82.9989,36.8559],[-82.9853,36.859],[-82.9806,36.8586],[-82.9738,36.8589],[-82.9693,36.8595],[-82.9615,36.861],[-82.9511,36.8655],[-82.9324,36.8708],[-82.9244,36.8726],[-82.9193,36.8737],[-82.9152,36.8746],[-82.9124,36.8752],[-82.9092,36.8762],[-82.9073,36.8776],[-82.905,36.8793],[-82.9049,36.8794],[-82.8934,36.8815],[-82.885,36.8882],[-82.8837,36.8887],[-82.8799,36.891],[-82.8775,36.8927]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Lee\",\"state\":\"VA\"}}]}","volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f8b0e4b0c8380cd4d21f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pierce, Brenda","contributorId":29940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"Brenda","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eble, Cortland F.","contributorId":255518,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eble","given":"Cortland","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":51568,"text":"Kentucky Geological Survey, U. of Kentucky","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":381149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stanton, R.W.","contributorId":19164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70185713,"text":"70185713 - 1995 - Influence of gut content in immature aquatic insects on assessments of environmental metal contamination","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-28T10:21:31","indexId":"70185713","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of gut content in immature aquatic insects on assessments of environmental metal contamination","docAbstract":"<p><span>We evaluated the effect of metal associated with the gut content in immature aquatic insects (larvae and nymphs) on spatial and interspecific comparisons of whole-body metal concentrations. Four species, common to cobble-bottom rivers and streams, were collected along an established contamination gradient in the Clark Fork River, and from tributaries of the Clark Fork. Metal concentrations were determined in the gut and its content and in the insect body. Whole-body metal concentrations were higher and more variable as a result of gut content. The positive bias produced by the gut content did not alter interpretations of site contamination in most cases. Interspecific comparisons of metal bioaccumulation also were not greatly affected by the presence of gut content. The influence of gut content was specific for metal, species, and site. Feeding habit, gut size, and metal bioaccumulation in the body affected the relative contribution of the gut and its content to metal concentrations in the whole insect.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f95-862","usgsCitation":"Cain, D., Luoma, S., and Axtmann, E., 1995, Influence of gut content in immature aquatic insects on assessments of environmental metal contamination: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 52, no. 12, p. 2736-2746, https://doi.org/10.1139/f95-862.","productDescription":"11 p. ","startPage":"2736","endPage":"2746","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338447,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58db7635e4b0ee37af29e4c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cain, D.J.","contributorId":68329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":86353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Axtmann, E.V.","contributorId":30652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Axtmann","given":"E.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018936,"text":"70018936 - 1995 - The 40Ar/39Ar ages and tectonic setting of the Middle Eocene northeast Nevada volcanic field","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-25T12:11:47.337581","indexId":"70018936","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 40Ar/39Ar ages and tectonic setting of the Middle Eocene northeast Nevada volcanic field","docAbstract":"<div class=\"\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Widespread middle to late Eocene calc-alkalic volcanism, which formed the Northeast Nevada Volcanic Field, marks the earliest Tertiary volcanism in the northern Basin and Range. The central part of this major field in northeast Nevada and adjacent Utah is herein defined by 23<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar ages that range from 42.6 to 39.0 Ma, rock chemistry from 12 localities, stratigraphic position of the volcanic rocks above a regional middle Eocene unconformity, volcanic setting, and lithology. The type area is at Nanny Creek, in the northern Pequop Mountains, Nevada, where rhyolite ash flow tuffs are overlain by a thick section of intercalated andesitic to dacitic flows and flow breccias and rhyolite ash flow tuffs. The intermediate composition rocks are locally derived throughout the volcanic field, whereas the sources for rhyolite ash flow tuffs are unknown. The uniform and widespread occurrence of the andesitic and dacitic flows and flow breccias strongly suggests that the upper crust was perforated by intermediate composition magma across the entire region. In the central part of the field the middle Eocene volcanic rocks rest with depositional angular discordance on deformed middle Paleozoic to Triassic strata; ostracode-bearing limestone, probably of early Eocene age, is locally present below the volcanic rocks. In the western and southeastern parts of the field these middle Eocene volcanic rocks rest with depositional angular discordance on lower Eocene lacustrine strata of the Elko and White Sage Formations, respectively. This angular discordance documents a middle Eocene deformational event previously unrecognized in the region.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/94JB03389","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Brooks, W.E., Thorman, C., and Snee, L., 1995, The 40Ar/39Ar ages and tectonic setting of the Middle Eocene northeast Nevada volcanic field: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 100, no. B6, p. 10403-10416, https://doi.org/10.1029/94JB03389.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"10403","endPage":"10416","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226668,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"100","issue":"B6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba656e4b08c986b321079","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, W. E.","contributorId":90716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thorman, C.H.","contributorId":67524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorman","given":"C.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Snee, L.W.","contributorId":99981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snee","given":"L.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70186961,"text":"70186961 - 1995 - California sea otters","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70186961,"text":"70186961 - 1995 - California sea otters","indexId":"70186961","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"California sea otters"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-04T16:42:29","indexId":"70186961","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"California sea otters","docAbstract":"<p>Information on the size, distribution, and productivity of the California sea otter population is broadly relevant to two federally mandated goals: removing the population’s listing as threatened under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) and obtaining an “optimal sustainable population” under the Marine Mammal Protection Act.<span>&nbsp; </span>Except for the population in central California, sea otters (<i>Enhydra lutris</i>) were hunted to extinction between Prince William Sound, Alaska, and Baja California (Kenyon 1969). Wilson et al. (1991), based on variations in cranial morphology, recently assigned sub-specific status (<i>E. l. nereis</i>) to the California sea otter. Furthermore, mitochondrial DNA analysis has revealed genetic differences among populations in California, Alaska, and Asia (NBS, unpublished data).</p><p>In 1977, the California sea otter was listed as threatened under the ESA, largely because of its small population size and perceived risks from such factors as human disturbance, competition with fisheries, and pollution. Because of unique threats and growth characteristics, the California population is treated separately from sea otter populations elsewhere in the North Pacific.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Biological Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Estes, J.A., Jameson, R.J., Bodkin, J.L., and Carlson, D., 1995, California sea otters, chap. <i>of</i> Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems, p. 110-112.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"110","endPage":"112","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339776,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339775,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.webharvest.gov/peth04/20041019015728/https://biology.usgs.gov/s+t/index.htm","linkHelpText":"Archived website"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f1e0cce4b08144348b7e39","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"LaRoe, Edward T.","contributorId":112276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaRoe","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691181,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farris, Gaye S.","contributorId":84410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farris","given":"Gaye","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":691182,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Puckett, Catherine E. cpuckett@usgs.gov","contributorId":4629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckett","given":"Catherine","email":"cpuckett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":691183,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doran, Peter D.","contributorId":17533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691184,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mac, Michael J.","contributorId":16772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mac","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691185,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Estes, James A. jim_estes@usgs.gov","contributorId":53325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"James","email":"jim_estes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":691177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jameson, Ronald J.","contributorId":17938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jameson","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":691179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carlson, David","contributorId":12055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70186999,"text":"70186999 - 1995 - Western North American shorebirds","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70186999,"text":"70186999 - 1995 - Western North American shorebirds","indexId":"70186999","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Western North American shorebirds"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-20T11:29:21","indexId":"70186999","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Western North American shorebirds","docAbstract":"<p>Shorebirds are a diverse group that includes oystercatchers, stilts, avocets, plovers, and sandpipers. They are familiar birds of seashores, mudflats, tundra, and other wetlands, but they also occur in deserts, high mountains, forests, and agricultural fields. Widespread loss and alteration of these habitats, especially wetlands and grasslands during the past 150 years, coupled with unregulated shooting at the turn of the century, resulted in population declines and range contractions of several species throughout North America. In the western portion of the continent, efforts to monitor the status and trends of shorebirds have been in effect for only the past 15-25 years and for only a few species. Methods exist to monitor population trends for most shorebirds, but only broadscale, international efforts, relying largely on volunteer help, will accomplish this.</p><p>In this article we address shorebirds primarily in western North America, the region west of the Continental Divide from northern Alaska to southern Mexico. The 12 states, a Canadian province and territory, and the western portion of Mexico within this region represent about 25% of the North American landmass (Fig. 1). Western North America includes portions of three broad ecological domains: the Polar Domain, encompassing the tundra and boreal forests that cover most of Greenland, Canada, and Alaska; the Humid Temperate Domain, including the humid midlatitude forests and shrublands within the United States, southern portions of the Canadian prairie provinces, and along the west coast of North America; and the Dry Domain, encompassing the short-grass prairies, sagebrush provinces, and deserts (Fig. 1; Bailey 1978, 1989).</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Biological Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Gill, R., Handel, C.M., and Page, G.W., 1995, Western North American shorebirds, chap. <i>of</i> Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems, p. 60-65.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"60","endPage":"65","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339869,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339868,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.webharvest.gov/peth04/20041019015728/https://biology.usgs.gov/s+t/index.htm","linkHelpText":"Archived website"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f725e7e4b0b7ea5451eed2","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"LaRoe, Edward T.","contributorId":112276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaRoe","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691750,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farris, Gaye S.","contributorId":84410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farris","given":"Gaye","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":691751,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Puckett, Catherine E. cpuckett@usgs.gov","contributorId":4629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckett","given":"Catherine","email":"cpuckett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":691752,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doran, Peter D.","contributorId":17533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691753,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mac, Michael J.","contributorId":16772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mac","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691754,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Gill, Robert E. Jr. 0000-0002-6385-4500 rgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-4500","contributorId":171747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Robert E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rgill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":691747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Handel, Colleen M. 0000-0002-0267-7408 cmhandel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0267-7408","contributorId":3067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handel","given":"Colleen","email":"cmhandel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":691748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Page, Gary W.","contributorId":46015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70187027,"text":"70187027 - 1995 - Soil moisture sensors for continuous monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-19T13:00:33","indexId":"70187027","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil moisture sensors for continuous monitoring","docAbstract":"<p> Certain physical and chemical properties of soil vary with soil water content. The relationship between these properties and water content is complex and involves both the pore structure and constituents of the soil solution. One of the most economical techniques to quantify soil water content involves the measurement of electrical resistance of a dielectric medium that is in equilibrium with the soil water content. The objective of this research was to test the reliability and accuracy of fiberglass soil-moisture electrical resistance sensors (ERS) as compared to gravimetric sampling and Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR). The response of the ERS was compared to gravimetric measurements at eight locations on the USDA-ABS Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed. The comparisons with TDR sensors were made at three additional locations on the same watershed. The high soil rock content (&gt;45 percent) at seven locations resulted in consistent overestimation of soil water content by the ERS method. Where rock content was less than 10 percent, estimation of soil water was within 5 percent of the gravimetric soil water content. New methodology to calibrate the ERS sensors for rocky soils will need to be developed before soil water content values can be determined with these sensors. (KEY TERMS: soil moisture; soil water; infiltration; instrumentation; soil moisture sensors.)</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Publishing Ltd","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1994.tb03274.x","usgsCitation":"Amer, S., Keefer, T.O., Weltz, M., Goodrich, D.C., and Bach, L., 1995, Soil moisture sensors for continuous monitoring: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 30, no. 1, p. 69-83, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1994.tb03274.x.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"69","endPage":"83","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339970,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.16815185546875,\n              31.596082850911525\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.83856201171874,\n              31.596082850911525\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.83856201171874,\n              31.78480055729565\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.16815185546875,\n              31.78480055729565\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.16815185546875,\n              31.596082850911525\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f877c4e4b0b7ea54521c50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Amer, Saud A. samer@usgs.gov","contributorId":3300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amer","given":"Saud A.","email":"samer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":349,"text":"International Water Resources Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":691965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keefer, T. O.","contributorId":191138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keefer","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weltz, M.A.","contributorId":77732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weltz","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goodrich, David C.","contributorId":65552,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goodrich","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6758,"text":"USDA-ARS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":691968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bach, Leslie","contributorId":176552,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bach","given":"Leslie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70187028,"text":"70187028 - 1995 - Changes in nesting behavior of arctic geese","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70187028,"text":"70187028 - 1995 - Changes in nesting behavior of arctic geese","indexId":"70187028","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Changes in nesting behavior of arctic geese"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-19T11:02:18","indexId":"70187028","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Changes in nesting behavior of arctic geese","docAbstract":"<p>As part of the joint United States-Canada efforts to monitor populations of Arctic geese and to provide data necessary to set hunting regulations, scientists have recorded not only goose population levels, but also nesting behavior. MacInnes et al. (1990) analyzed data from four long-term studies of five different Arctic goose populations. These studies documented the date the eggs hatched and the clutch size (number of eggs per nest) over 35 years (Fig. 1).</p><p>The dates of nest initiation and hatch are clearly affected by climate and are delayed by cold weather. The records not only show wide fluctuations from year to year in response to annual variations in climate, but also demonstrate a consistent trend toward earlier hatching over the period (Fig. 2). Young Arctic geese today, on the average, hatch about 30 days earlier than they did 35 years ago; during the same time, average clutch size has shrunk (Fig. 3). MacInnes et al. (1990) suggest the change in nest date is a result of climatic amelioration, that is, warming (although whether from a long-term trend or short-term cycle is unclear), and the change in clutch size is a result of habitat deterioration.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Biological Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"LaRoe, E.T., and Rusch, D.H., 1995, Changes in nesting behavior of arctic geese, chap. <i>of</i> Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems, p. 388-388.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"388","endPage":"388","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339945,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339944,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.webharvest.gov/peth04/20041019015728/https://biology.usgs.gov/s+t/index.htm","linkHelpText":"Archived website"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f877c4e4b0b7ea54521c4e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"LaRoe, Edward T.","contributorId":112276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaRoe","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691972,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farris, Gaye S.","contributorId":84410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farris","given":"Gaye","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":691973,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Puckett, Catherine E. cpuckett@usgs.gov","contributorId":4629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckett","given":"Catherine","email":"cpuckett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":691974,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doran, Peter D.","contributorId":17533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691975,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mac, Michael J.","contributorId":16772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mac","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691976,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"LaRoe, Edward T.","contributorId":112276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaRoe","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rusch, Donald H.","contributorId":111715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rusch","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70184677,"text":"70184677 - 1995 - Characteristics of vegetation phenology over the Alaskan landscape using AVHRR time-series data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-20T11:10:06","indexId":"70184677","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3095,"text":"Polar Record","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characteristics of vegetation phenology over the Alaskan landscape using AVHRR time-series data","docAbstract":"<div class=\"row\"><div class=\"large-10 medium-10 small-12 columns\"><div class=\"description\"><div class=\"abstract\" data-abstract-type=\"normal\"><p>Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) satellite data were acquired and composited into twice-a-month periods from 1 May 1991 to 15 October 1991 in order to map vegetation characteristics of the Alaskan landscape. Unique spatial and temporal qualities of the AVHRR data provide information that leads to a better understanding of regional biophysical characteristics of vegetation communities and patterns. These data provided synoptic views of the landscape and depicted phenological diversity, temporal vegetation phenology (green-up, peak of green, and senescence), photosynthetic activity, and regional landscape patterns. Products generated from the data included a phenological class map, phenological composite maps (onset, peak, and duration), and photosynthetic activity maps (mean and maximum greenness). The time-series data provide opportunities to study phenological processes at small landscape scales over time periods of weeks, months, and years. Regional patterns identified on some of the maps are unique to specific areas; others correspond to biophysical or ecoregional boundaries. The data provide new insights to landscape processes, ecology, and landscape physiognomy that allow scientists to look at landscapes in ways that were previously difficult to achieve.</p></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/S0032247400013681","usgsCitation":"Markon, C.J., Fleming, M.D., and Binnian, E.F., 1995, Characteristics of vegetation phenology over the Alaskan landscape using AVHRR time-series data: Polar Record, v. 31, no. 177, p. 179-190, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0032247400013681.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"179","endPage":"190","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337396,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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