{"pageNumber":"393","pageRowStart":"9800","pageSize":"25","recordCount":11385,"records":[{"id":13324,"text":"ofr70101 - 1970 - Analysis of Shublik Formation rocks from Mt. Michelson quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:52","indexId":"ofr70101","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-101","title":"Analysis of Shublik Formation rocks from Mt. Michelson quadrangle, Alaska","docAbstract":"Analysis of 88 samples from the Shublik formation on Fire Creek, Mt. Michelson Quadrangle, Alaska, are presented in tabular form. The results include the determination of elements by semiquantitative spectrographic analysis, phosphate by X-ray fluorescence, carbon dioxide by acid decomposable carbonate, total carbon by induction furnace, carbonate carbon by conversion using the conversion factor of 0.2727 for amount of carbon in carbon dioxide, and organic carbon by difference. \r\n\r\nA seven- cycle semilogarithmic chart presents the data graphically and illustrates the range, mode, and mean for some of the elements. The chart shows, also, the approximate concentration of the same elements in rocks similar to the black shale and limestone of the Shublik Formation. \r\n\r\nEach sample represents 5 feet of section and is composed of rock chips taken at 1 - foot intervals. The samples are keyed into a stratigraphic column of the formation. \r\n\r\nRocks of the Shublik Formation contain anomalously high concentrations of some of the elements. These same elements might be expected to be high in some of the petroleum from northern Alaska if the Shublik Formation is a source for this petroleum. Several of the stratigraphic intervals may represent, also, a low-grade phosphate deposit.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/ofr70101","usgsCitation":"Detterman, R.L., 1970, Analysis of Shublik Formation rocks from Mt. Michelson quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-101, 4 sheets, ill., folded map ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr70101.","productDescription":"4 sheets, ill., folded map ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":147375,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0101/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":41748,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0101/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41749,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0101/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41750,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0101/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41751,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0101/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad0e4b07f02db680b42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Detterman, Robert L.","contributorId":71526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Detterman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":39672,"text":"pp625B - 1970 - Geology and lode-gold deposits of the Nuka Bay area, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":15648,"text":"ofr68229 - 1968 - Geology and lode gold deposits of the Nuka Bay area, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska","indexId":"ofr68229","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and lode gold deposits of the Nuka Bay area, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":39672,"text":"pp625B - 1970 - Geology and lode-gold deposits of the Nuka Bay area, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska","indexId":"pp625B","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"Geology and lode-gold deposits of the Nuka Bay area, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:56","indexId":"pp625B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"625","chapter":"B","title":"Geology and lode-gold deposits of the Nuka Bay area, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Shorter contributions to economic geology, 1968","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp625B","usgsCitation":"Richter, D., 1970, Geology and lode-gold deposits of the Nuka Bay area, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 625, p. B1-B16, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp625B.","productDescription":"p. B1-B16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":104697,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4951.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"4951"},{"id":113685,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0625b/report.pdf","size":"1733","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":113686,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0625b/plate-1.pdf","size":"4667","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":164432,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0625b/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b46a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richter, D.H.","contributorId":43325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richter","given":"D.H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":221954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":13647,"text":"ofr70127 - 1970 - Analyses of stream-sediment and rock samples from the southwestern and central parts of the Eagle quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:52","indexId":"ofr70127","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-127","title":"Analyses of stream-sediment and rock samples from the southwestern and central parts of the Eagle quadrangle, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/ofr70127","usgsCitation":"Foster, H.L., 1970, Analyses of stream-sediment and rock samples from the southwestern and central parts of the Eagle quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-127, 136 p. :2 col. maps ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr70127.","productDescription":"136 p. :2 col. maps ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":106462,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_8467.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"8467"},{"id":147279,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad1e4b07f02db680d83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foster, Helen Laura","contributorId":21936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"Helen","email":"","middleInitial":"Laura","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":13892,"text":"ofr70142 - 1970 - Morphology, sedimentation, and seismic characteristics of an arctic beach, Nome, Alaska - with economic significances","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-09T00:06:08.008397","indexId":"ofr70142","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-142","title":"Morphology, sedimentation, and seismic characteristics of an arctic beach, Nome, Alaska - with economic significances","docAbstract":"<p>Arctic beaches exhibit characteristics that do not occur on beaches in more temperate zones. In the summer of 1967 morphological, sedimentological, and seismic refraction studies were made on an arctic beach near Nome, Alaska, in order to better define these distinguishing characteristics.</p><p>Several distinct microrelief structures are developed during ice break-up and the melting of ice and snow on the beaches including ice-pushed ridges, kaimoo ridge and deposits, sea-ice kettles, sea- ice sand and sea-ice gravel cones, micro-outwash deposits, and microdeltaic deposits.</p><p>Sedimentological studies showed that sediment distribution along the beach is random with no increasing or decreasing median diameters, or sorting coefficients, or sand-gravel percentages, either along the strandline or along the beach profile. This random grain size distribution is attributed to the relatively low energy along the coast of the Seward Peninsula. Further, the beaches are insulated from the elements by ice for about 6 months out of the year and the beach sediments are disturbed annually by ice-push. Longshore drift appeared to vary from east to west during the summer of 1967 with a net transport to the east.</p><p>The seismic refraction study on the Nome beach indicated that internal stratigraphy of the overburden could be interpreted and correlated with known onshore and offshore stratigraphic units. Bedrock was well defined in the seismograms and exhibited a gently undulating topography with several buried channels that may be sites of gold placer deposits.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr70142","usgsCitation":"Greene, H., 1970, Morphology, sedimentation, and seismic characteristics of an arctic beach, Nome, Alaska - with economic significances: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-142, x, 139 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr70142.","productDescription":"x, 139 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144468,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0142/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":425516,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0142/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Nome","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -165.5176241962923,\n              64.54332656892731\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.5176241962923,\n              64.48651150004395\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.2866473987659,\n              64.48651150004395\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.2866473987659,\n              64.54332656892731\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.5176241962923,\n              64.54332656892731\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b476f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greene, H. Gary","contributorId":38958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"H. Gary","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":168585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":22698,"text":"ofr7063 - 1970 - Flood frequency in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:57","indexId":"ofr7063","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-63","title":"Flood frequency in Alaska","docAbstract":"Records of peak discharge at 183 sites were used to study flood frequency in Alaska. The vast size of Alaska, its great ranges of physiography, and the lack of data for much of the State precluded a comprehensive analysis of all flood determinants. Peak stream discharges, where gaging-station records were available, were analyzed for 2-year, 5-year, 10-year, 25-year, and 50-year average-recurrence intervals. A regional analysis of the flood characteristics by multiple-regression methods gave a set of equations that can be used to estimate floods of selected recurrence intervals up to 50 years for any site on any stream in Alaska. The equations relate floods to drainage-basin characteristics. The study indicates that in Alaska the 50-year flood can be estimated from 10-year gaging- station records with a standard error of 22 percent whereas the 50-year flood can be estimated from the regression equation with a standard error of 53 percent. Also, maximum known floods at more than 500 gaging stations and miscellaneous sites in Alaska were related to drainage-area size. An envelope curve of 500 cubic feet per second per square mile covered all but 2 floods in the State.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, Alaska District,","doi":"10.3133/ofr7063","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Childers, J., 1970, Flood frequency in Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-63, 36 p. :maps (1 fold. in pocket) ;29 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7063.","productDescription":"36 p. :maps (1 fold. in pocket) ;29 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155243,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0063/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52157,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0063/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5ef1b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Childers, J.M.","contributorId":41455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Childers","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":22699,"text":"ofr7062 - 1970 - A proposed streamflow-data program in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-01T14:33:09.571855","indexId":"ofr7062","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-62","title":"A proposed streamflow-data program in Alaska","docAbstract":"The streamflow-data program in Alaska was analyzed to design a better data network. The analysis included (1) definition of the goals of the streamflow-data program, (2) evaluation of the available data to see which goals have already been achieved, and (3) consideration and recommendation of future programs to achieve the goals that have not been met. It was found that few of the goals have been met. Many new gaging stations are proposed to provide data to reach remaining unmet goals. 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,{"id":16778,"text":"ofr7080 - 1970 - Analyses of rock and stream-sediment samples from the Taylor Mountains C-8 quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:13","indexId":"ofr7080","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-80","title":"Analyses of rock and stream-sediment samples from the Taylor Mountains C-8 quadrangle, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr7080","usgsCitation":"Clark, A.L., Condon, W.H., Hoare, J., and Sorg, D.H., 1970, Analyses of rock and stream-sediment samples from the Taylor Mountains C-8 quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-80, 110 p. :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7080.","productDescription":"110 p. :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":106496,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_8562.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"8562"},{"id":149716,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"63360","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db68371d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Allen L.","contributorId":96258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Allen","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Condon, W. H.","contributorId":28611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Condon","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoare, J. M.","contributorId":52143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoare","given":"J. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sorg, D. H.","contributorId":63380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorg","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":16777,"text":"ofr7078 - 1970 - Analyses of rock and stream-sediment samples from the Taylor Mountains A-6 and southern part of Taylor Mountains B-6 quadrangles, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:13","indexId":"ofr7078","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-78","title":"Analyses of rock and stream-sediment samples from the Taylor Mountains A-6 and southern part of Taylor Mountains B-6 quadrangles, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr7078","usgsCitation":"Clark, A.L., Condon, W.H., Hoare, J., and Sorg, D.H., 1970, Analyses of rock and stream-sediment samples from the Taylor Mountains A-6 and southern part of Taylor Mountains B-6 quadrangles, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-78, 94 p. :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7078.","productDescription":"94 p. :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":106494,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_8560.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"8560"},{"id":149715,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"63360","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683691","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Allen L.","contributorId":96258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Allen","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Condon, W. H.","contributorId":28611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Condon","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoare, J. M.","contributorId":52143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoare","given":"J. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sorg, D. H.","contributorId":63380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorg","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":16776,"text":"ofr7076 - 1970 - Analyses of rock and stream-sediment samples from the Sumdum C-4 Quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-29T20:54:52.915914","indexId":"ofr7076","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-76","title":"Analyses of rock and stream-sediment samples from the Sumdum C-4 Quadrangle, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Analytical data for 31 rock and 33 stream-sediment samples from the Sumdum C-4 , 1:63,360 scale quadrangle are presented in this report, together with a statistical treatment of the data. The samples were collected in 1969 as part of the Heavy Metals Program of the U.S. Geological Survey.</p><p>The most comprehensive discussion of the geology of the study area is a report by A. F. Buddington and Theodore Chapin (1929). Known metalliferous lodes of the area are described and additional references to specific areas are given by Berg and Cobb (1967). Additional data is given in reports by Herbert and Race (1964) and Alaska Department of Mines (1950). Supplemental publications are being prepared on the general geology and mineral occurrences of the study area.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr7076","usgsCitation":"Clark, A.L., Brew, D.A., Grybeck, D.A., and Wehr, R., 1970, Analyses of rock and stream-sediment samples from the Sumdum C-4 Quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-76, Report: 86 p.; 1 Plate: 19.71 x 26.23 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7076.","productDescription":"Report: 86 p.; 1 Plate: 19.71 x 26.23 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":420271,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0076/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":149714,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0076/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":420274,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0076/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"63360","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Sumdum C-4 Quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -134,57 ], [ -134,58 ], [ -132,58 ], [ -132,57 ], [ -134,57 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683722","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Allen L.","contributorId":96258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Allen","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brew, David A. dbrew@usgs.gov","contributorId":3244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brew","given":"David","email":"dbrew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":173539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grybeck, Donald A.","contributorId":73213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grybeck","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wehr, Raymond","contributorId":13241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wehr","given":"Raymond","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":16775,"text":"ofr7075 - 1970 - Analyses of rock and stream-sediment samples from the Sumdum B-5 quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:13","indexId":"ofr7075","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-75","title":"Analyses of rock and stream-sediment samples from the Sumdum B-5 quadrangle, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr7075","usgsCitation":"Clark, A.L., Brew, D.A., Grybeck, D., and Wehr, R., 1970, Analyses of rock and stream-sediment samples from the Sumdum B-5 quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-75, 85 p. :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7075.","productDescription":"85 p. :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":111674,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.dggs.dnr.state.ak.us/pubs/id/10850","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":149713,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"63360","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db6830d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Allen L.","contributorId":96258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Allen","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brew, D. A.","contributorId":88344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brew","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grybeck, D.A.","contributorId":42595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grybeck","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wehr, Ramond","contributorId":30501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wehr","given":"Ramond","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":16774,"text":"ofr7074 - 1970 - Analyses of rock and stream-sediment samples from the Sumdum B-4 quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:13","indexId":"ofr7074","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-74","title":"Analyses of rock and stream-sediment samples from the Sumdum B-4 quadrangle, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr7074","usgsCitation":"Clark, A.L., Brew, D.A., Grybeck, D., and Wehr, R., 1970, Analyses of rock and stream-sediment samples from the Sumdum B-4 quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-74, 104 p. :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7074.","productDescription":"104 p. :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":111673,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.dggs.dnr.state.ak.us/pubs/id/10849","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":149712,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"63360","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad1e4b07f02db6810f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Allen L.","contributorId":96258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Allen","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brew, D. A.","contributorId":88344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brew","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grybeck, D.A.","contributorId":42595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grybeck","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wehr, Raymond","contributorId":13241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wehr","given":"Raymond","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":16773,"text":"ofr7073 - 1970 - Analyses of rock and stream-sediment samples from the Sumdum B-3 quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-29T19:12:54.323332","indexId":"ofr7073","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-73","title":"Analyses of rock and stream-sediment samples from the Sumdum B-3 quadrangle, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr7073","usgsCitation":"Clark, A.L., Brew, D.A., Grybeck, D., and Wehr, R., 1970, Analyses of rock and stream-sediment samples from the Sumdum B-3 quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-73, 97 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7073.","productDescription":"97 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":493143,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_8555.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":149589,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":111672,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.dggs.dnr.state.ak.us/pubs/id/10848","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Sumdum B-3 quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -132.667,\n              57.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -133,\n              57.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -133,\n              57\n            ],\n            [\n              -132.667,\n              57\n            ],\n            [\n              -132.667,\n              57.25\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad1e4b07f02db681013","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Allen L.","contributorId":96258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Allen","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brew, D. A.","contributorId":88344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brew","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grybeck, D.A.","contributorId":42595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grybeck","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wehr, Raymond","contributorId":13241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wehr","given":"Raymond","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":16772,"text":"ofr7071 - 1970 - Analyses of rock and stream-sediment samples from the Sumdum A-3 Quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-16T20:32:55.944715","indexId":"ofr7071","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-71","title":"Analyses of rock and stream-sediment samples from the Sumdum A-3 Quadrangle, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Analytical data for 138 rock and 71 stream-sediment samples from the Sumdum A-3, 1:63,360 scale quadrangle are presented in this report, together with a statistical treatment of the data. The samples were collected in 1969 as part of the Heavy Metals Program of the U.S. Geological Survey.</p><p>The most comprehensive discussion of the geology of the study area is a report by A. F. Buddington and Theodore Chapin (1929). Known metalliferous lodes of the area are described and additional references to specific areas are given by Berg and Cobb (1967). Additional data is given in reports by Herbert and Race (1964) and Alaska Department of Mines (1950). Supplemental publications are being prepared on the general geology and mineral occurrences of the study area.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr7071","usgsCitation":"Clark, A.L., Brew, D.A., Grybeck, D.A., and Wehr, R., 1970, Analyses of rock and stream-sediment samples from the Sumdum A-3 Quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-71, Report: 98 p.; 1 Plate: 19.22 x 25.97 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7071.","productDescription":"Report: 98 p.; 1 Plate: 19.22 x 25.97 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":425759,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0071/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":425758,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0071/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":149588,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0071/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"63360","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Sumdum A-3 Quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -133.1280067073484,\n              57.29310072436553\n            ],\n            [\n              -133.1280067073484,\n              56.78002256064593\n            ],\n            [\n              -132.1742424106991,\n              56.78002256064593\n            ],\n            [\n              -132.1742424106991,\n              57.29310072436553\n            ],\n            [\n              -133.1280067073484,\n              57.29310072436553\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db6837ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Allen L.","contributorId":96258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Allen","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brew, David A. dbrew@usgs.gov","contributorId":3244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brew","given":"David","email":"dbrew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":173523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grybeck, Donald A.","contributorId":73213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grybeck","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wehr, Raymond","contributorId":13241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wehr","given":"Raymond","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":15760,"text":"ofr70283 - 1970 - Geologic map of the Teller quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":15760,"text":"ofr70283 - 1970 - Geologic map of the Teller quadrangle, Alaska","indexId":"ofr70283","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic map of the Teller quadrangle, Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":67011,"text":"i685 - 1972 - Geologic map of the Teller Quadrangle, western Seward Peninsula, Alaska","indexId":"i685","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic map of the Teller Quadrangle, western Seward Peninsula, Alaska"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":67011,"text":"i685 - 1972 - Geologic map of the Teller Quadrangle, western Seward Peninsula, Alaska","indexId":"i685","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic map of the Teller Quadrangle, western Seward Peninsula, Alaska"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:04","indexId":"ofr70283","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-283","title":"Geologic map of the Teller quadrangle, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/ofr70283","usgsCitation":"Sainsbury, C., 1970, Geologic map of the Teller quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-283, 15 p. :folded ill., folded map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr70283.","productDescription":"15 p. :folded ill., folded map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":106482,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_8509.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"8509"},{"id":148934,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a600","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sainsbury, C.L.","contributorId":99968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sainsbury","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":20414,"text":"ofr70259 - 1970 - Preliminary geologic investigations of western St. Lawrence Island, Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":20414,"text":"ofr70259 - 1970 - Preliminary geologic investigations of western St. Lawrence Island, Alaska","indexId":"ofr70259","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary geologic investigations of western St. Lawrence Island, Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":39566,"text":"pp684C - 1971 - Preliminary geologic investigations of western St. Lawrence Island, Alaska","indexId":"pp684C","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"Preliminary geologic investigations of western St. Lawrence Island, Alaska"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":39566,"text":"pp684C - 1971 - Preliminary geologic investigations of western St. Lawrence Island, Alaska","indexId":"pp684C","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary geologic investigations of western St. Lawrence Island, Alaska"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:39","indexId":"ofr70259","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-259","title":"Preliminary geologic investigations of western St. Lawrence Island, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/ofr70259","usgsCitation":"Patton, W.W., and Csejtey, B., 1970, Preliminary geologic investigations of western St. Lawrence Island, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-259, 29 p. ill., map ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr70259.","productDescription":"29 p. ill., map ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":111685,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.dggs.dnr.state.ak.us/pubs/id/10866","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":152068,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c2b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patton, William Wallace Jr.","contributorId":72346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patton","given":"William","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"Wallace","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Csejtey, Bela Jr.","contributorId":61008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Csejtey","given":"Bela","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":20409,"text":"ofr70258 - 1970 - Analyses of stream-sediment samples from western St. Lawrence Island, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-29T23:34:49.809061","indexId":"ofr70258","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-258","title":"Analyses of stream-sediment samples from western St. Lawrence Island, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Analytical data for 207 stream-sediment samples from western St. Lawrence Island are presented in this report, together with a statistical treatment of the data. The samples were collected in 1968 and 1969 as part of the Heavy Metals Program of the U.S. Geological Survey.</p><p>This report is intended to supplement Geological Survey open-file report entitled \"Preliminary geologic investigations of western St. Lawrence Island, Alaska\" (Patton and Csejtey, 1970) which describes the general geology of the area and discusses several localities where anomalous amounts of metals were found.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr70258","usgsCitation":"Patton, W.W., and Csejtey, B., 1970, Analyses of stream-sediment samples from western St. Lawrence Island, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-258, Report: 50 p.; 1 Plate: 22.87 x 20.79 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr70258.","productDescription":"Report: 50 p.; 1 Plate: 22.87 x 20.79 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":424037,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0258/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":153003,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0258/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":424036,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0258/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"St. Lawrence Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -171.90691843006778,\n              63.85534337507485\n            ],\n            [\n              -171.90691843006778,\n              62.915279680399436\n            ],\n            [\n              -168.66670025640576,\n              62.915279680399436\n            ],\n            [\n              -168.66670025640576,\n              63.85534337507485\n            ],\n            [\n              -171.90691843006778,\n              63.85534337507485\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad1e4b07f02db680d6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patton, William Wallace Jr.","contributorId":72346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patton","given":"William","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"Wallace","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Csejtey, Bela Jr.","contributorId":61008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Csejtey","given":"Bela","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":32614,"text":"pp545D - 1970 - Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, on the Alaska Railroad","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":32614,"text":"pp545D - 1970 - Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, on the Alaska Railroad","indexId":"pp545D","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"chapter":"D","title":"Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, on the Alaska Railroad"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70048241,"text":"pp545 - 1967 - The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: effects on transportation, communications, and utilities","indexId":"pp545","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"title":"The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: effects on transportation, communications, and utilities"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70048241,"text":"pp545 - 1967 - The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: effects on transportation, communications, and utilities","indexId":"pp545","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"title":"The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: effects on transportation, communications, and utilities"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-15T20:33:33.73754","indexId":"pp545D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"545","chapter":"D","title":"Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, on the Alaska Railroad","docAbstract":"In the 1964 Alaska earthquake, the federally owned Alaska Railroad sustained damage of more than $35 million: 54 percent of the cost for port facilities; 25 percent, roadbed and track; 9 percent, buildings and utilities; 7 percent, bridges and culverts; and 5 percent, landslide removal. Principal causes of damage were: (1) landslides, landslide-generated waves, and seismic sea waves that destroyed costly port facilities built on deltas; (2) regional tectonic subsidence that necessitated raising and armoring 22 miles of roadbed made susceptible to marine erosion; and (3), of greatest importance in terms of potential damage in seismically active areas, a general loss of strength experienced by wet waterlaid unconsolidated granular sediments (silt to coarse gravel) that allowed embankments to settle and enabled sediments to undergo fiowlike displacement toward topographic depressions, even in fiat-lying areas. The term “landspreading” is proposed for the lateral displacement and distension of mobilized sediments; landspreading appears to have resulted largely from liquefaction. Because mobilization is time dependent and its effects cumulative, the long duration of strong ground motion (timed as 3 to 4 minutes) along the southern 150 miles of the rail line made landspreading an important cause of damage. Sediments moved toward natural and manmade topographic depressions (stream valleys, gullies, drainage ditches, borrow pits, and lakes). Stream widths decreased, often about 20 inches but at some places by as much as 6.5 feet, and sediments moved upward beneath stream channels. Landspreading toward streams and even small drainage ditches crushed concrete and metal culverts. Bridge superstructures were compressed and failed by lateral buckling, or more commonly were driven into, through, or over bulkheads. Piles and piers were torn free of superstructures by moving sediments, crowded toward stream channels, and lifted in the center. The lifted piles arched the superstructures. Vertical pile displacement was independent of the depth of the pile penetration in the sediment and thus was due to vertical movement of the sediments, rather than to differential compaction. The fact that bridge piles were carried laterally without notable tilting suggests that mobilization exceeded pile depths, which averaged about 20 feet. Field observations, largely duplicated by vibrated sandbox models of stream channels, suggest that movement was distributed throughout the sediments, rather than restricted to finite failure surfaces. Landspreading generated stress that produced cracks in the ground surface adjacent to depressions. The distribution of this stress controlled the crack patterns: tension cracks parallel to straight or concave streambanks, shear cracks intersecting at 45° to 70° on convex banks where there was some component of radial spreading, and orthogonal cracks on the insides of tight meander bends or islands where spreading was omnidirectional. Ground cracks of these kinds commonly extended 500 feet, and occasionally about 1,000 feet, back from streams, which indicates that landspreading occurred over large areas. In areas of landspreading, highway and railroad embankments, pavements, and rails were pulled apart endways and were displaced laterally if they lay at an angle to the direction of sediment displacement. Sediment movement commonly skewed bridges that crossed streams obliquely. The maximum horizontal skew was 10 feet. Embankment settlement, nearly universal in areas of landspreading, also occurred in areas where there was no evidence for widespread loss of strength in the unconsolidated sediments. In the latter areas embankments themselves clearly caused the loss of bearing strength in the underlying sediment. In both areas, settlement was accompanied by the formation of ground cracks approximately parallel to the embankment in the adjacent sediments. Sediment-laden ground water was discharged from the cracks, and extreme local settlements (as much as 6 ft) were associated with large discharges. Landspreading was accompanied by transient horizontal displacement of the ground that pounded bridge ends with slight or considerable force. The deck of a 105-foot bridge was repeatedly arched up off its piles by transient compression. Bridges may also have developed high horizontal accelerations. One bridge deck, driven through its bulkhead, appears to have had an acceleration of at least 1.1 to 1.7 g; however, most evidence for high accelerations is ambiguous. Limited standard penetration data show that landspreading damage was not restricted to soft sediments. Some bridges were severely damaged by displacement of piles driven in sediments classified as compact and dense. Total thickness of unconsolidated sediments strongly controlled the degree of damage. In areas underlain by wet water-laid sediments the degree of damage to uniformly designed and built wooden railroad bridges shows a closer correlation with total sediment thickness at the bridge site than with the grain size of the material in which the piles were driven. Local geology and physiography largely controlled the kind, distribution, and severity of damage to the railroad. This relationship is so clear that maps of surficial geology and physiography of damaged areas of the rail belt show that only a few geologic-physiographic units serve to identify these areas: 1. Bedrock and glacial till on bedrock. No foundation displacements, but ground vibration increased toward the area of maximum strain-energy release. 2. Glacial outwash terraces. Landspreading and damage ranged from none where the water table was low and the terrace undissected to severe where the water table was near the surface and the terrace dissected by streams. 3. Inactive flood plains. Landspreading, ground cracking, flooding by ejected ground water, and damage were generally slight but increased to severe toward lower, wetter active flood plains or river channels. 4. Active flood plains. Landspreading, ground cracking, and flooding were nearly universal and were greater than on adjacent inactive flood plains. 5. Fan deltas. Radial downhill spreading and ground cracking were considerable near the lower edges of the fan deltas and were accompanied by ground-water discharge. Landslides were common from edges of deltas. Damage, landspreading, ground crack-ing, vibration, and flooding by ground water generally increased with (1) increasing thickness of unconsolidated sediments, (2) decreasing depth to the water table, (3) proximity to topographic depressions, and (4) proximity to the area of maximum strain-energy release.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: Effects on transportation, communications, and utilities (Professional Paper 545)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp545D","usgsCitation":"McCulloch, D.S., and Bonilla, M.G., 1970, Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, on the Alaska Railroad: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 545, Report: viii, 161 p.; 4 Plates: 42.15 inches x 12.39 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp545D.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 161 p.; 4 Plates: 42.15 inches x 12.39 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"173","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":380,"text":"Menlo ParkCalif. 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