{"pageNumber":"393","pageRowStart":"9800","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10449,"records":[{"id":5221421,"text":"5221421 - 1978 - Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of kepone in field-collected avian tissues and eggs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-03T15:52:55.705711","indexId":"5221421","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:35","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2533,"text":"Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of kepone in field-collected avian tissues and eggs","docAbstract":"<p><span>A procedure is described for determining Kepone (decachlorooctahydro-l,3,4-metheno-2H-cyclobuta [cd]pentalene-2-one) residues in avian egg, liver, and tissue. Samples were extracted with benzene-isopropanol, and the extract was cleaned up with fuming H</span><sub>2</sub><span>SO</span><sub>4</sub><span>-concentrated H</span><sub>2</sub><span>SO</span><sub>4</sub><span>. Kepone was separated from organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls on a Florisil column and analyzed by electron capture gas-liquid chromatography GLC). The average recovery from spiked tissues was 86%. The analyses performed on 14 bald eagle carcasses and livers, 3 bald eagle eggs, and 14 osprey eggs show measurable levels which indicate that Kepone accumulates in the tissues of fish-eating birds. Residues were confirmed by GLC-mass spectrometry.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Association of Official Analytical Chemists","doi":"10.1093/jaoac/61.1.8","usgsCitation":"Stafford, C.J., Reichel, W.L., Swineford, D.M., Prouty, R.M., and Gay, M.L., 1978, Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of kepone in field-collected avian tissues and eggs: Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, v. 61, no. 1, p. 8-14, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/61.1.8.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"8","endPage":"14","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488285,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/61.1.8","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":199385,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-01-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b12da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stafford, C. J.","contributorId":65429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stafford","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reichel, W. L.","contributorId":50482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reichel","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swineford, D. M.","contributorId":106839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swineford","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Prouty, R. M.","contributorId":31349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prouty","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gay, M. L.","contributorId":91191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gay","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5221136,"text":"5221136 - 1978 - The breeding ecology of sea birds on Monito Island, Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:35","indexId":"5221136","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:33","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The breeding ecology of sea birds on Monito Island, Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"Monito Island, a 15-ha plateau surrounded by steep undercut cliffs, lies halfway between Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic.  Seven of the 9 sea birds are known to breed, and 2 (Blue-faced Booby and Laughing Gull) are here recorded as breeders in Puerto Rico for the first time.  The Pelecaniformes are represented by 5 species, the White-tailed Tropicbird, the 3 pan-tropical boobies, and the Magnificent Frigatebird.  The boobies all have long but annual breeding seasons, from fall through spring, showing a distinct breeding hiatus in the hot summer months, although some late-nesters may care for chicks during this period.  The Magnificent Frigatebird has the most synchronous breeding, with a laying peak from late October to early December, when 70% of the population lay eggs.  Four larids (Laughing Gull, Bridled Tern, Sooty Tern, and Brown Noddy) are summer residents vacating the island in August-September, and returning again in March-April. In general, they nest during the pelecaniform non-breeding season.  The sea birds show a great range in nest site preference, with little overlap among them.  Their diversity results from a combination of isolation, rugged cliffs, and the structural diversity of Monito Island.  Although currently one of the outstanding sea bird colonies in the West Indies, Monito is threatened, and the colonies could be lost unless they are legally protected.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Condor","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Kepler, C.B., 1978, The breeding ecology of sea birds on Monito Island, Puerto Rico: Condor, v. 80, no. 1, p. 72-87.","productDescription":"72-87","startPage":"72","endPage":"87","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":18511,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Condor/files/issues/v080n01/p0072-p0087.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":194161,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db69903b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kepler, C. B.","contributorId":62548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kepler","given":"C.","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5220987,"text":"5220987 - 1978 - Osprey distribution, abundance, and status in western North America: I. The northern California population","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-12T16:34:05","indexId":"5220987","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:32","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2900,"text":"Northwest Science","onlineIssn":"2161-9859","printIssn":"0029-344X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Osprey distribution, abundance, and status in western North America: I. The northern California population","docAbstract":"<p>An estimated 355<span class=\"st\">±</span> 40 pairs (95 percent C.I.) of Ospreys (&lt;i&gt;Pandion haliaetus carolinensis&lt;/i&gt;) nested in the northern California survey area in 1975. Eighty-one pairs were estimated along the extreme northern coast in Del Norte and Humboldt Counties. One hundred and forty-four pairs were estimated along California's northern coast in Mendociuo, Sonoma, and Marin Counties. The northern interior region, primarily in Siskiyou, Trinity, Shasta, Lassen, and Plumas Counties, contained an estimated 130 pairs. Forty-nine percent of the interior Osprey population is associated with reservoirs that were not present in 1900. We believe more Ospreys are present in the interior now than 75 years ago because of the increase in suitable habitat; nevertheless, populations at Shasta Lake and Clair Engle Lake are now exhibiting below-normal production rates and local declines. The long-term status of the coastal population, nesting along rivers, streams, and bays, is not clear. Recent production rates from two segments of the coastal population appear to be normal, but production at Usal Creek is below normal.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Northwest Science Association","usgsCitation":"Henny, C.J., Dunaway, D.J., Mallette, R.D., and Koplin, J.R., 1978, Osprey distribution, abundance, and status in western North America: I. The northern California population: Northwest Science, v. 52, no. 3, p. 261-271.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"261","endPage":"271","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193616,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350352,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.northwestscience.org/page-937324","text":"<i>Northwest Science</i> homepage"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.003662109375,\n              39.715638134796336\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.003662109375,\n              41.9921602333763\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.16748046874999,\n              41.9921602333763\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.20043945312499,\n              41.75492216766298\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.068603515625,\n              41.43449030894922\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.09057617187499,\n              41.19518982948959\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.134521484375,\n              40.95501133048621\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.15649414062499,\n              40.83043687764923\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.332275390625,\n              40.65563874006118\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.4091796875,\n              40.40513069752789\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.26635742187501,\n              40.12849105685408\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.99169921875,\n              39.977120098439634\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.848876953125,\n              39.791654835253425\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.74999999999999,\n              39.45316112807394\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.78295898437501,\n              39.32579941789298\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.68408203124999,\n              39.07890809706475\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.71704101562499,\n              38.96795115401593\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.541259765625,\n              38.75408327579141\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.31054687499999,\n              38.496593518947584\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.12377929687499,\n              38.41916639395372\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.02490234375,\n              38.298559092254344\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.947998046875,\n              38.12591462924157\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.00292968749999,\n              38.048091067457236\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.82714843749999,\n              37.996162679728116\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.51953124999999,\n              37.84015683604136\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.431640625,\n              37.86618078529668\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.4755859375,\n              38.06539235133249\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.40966796874999,\n              38.1777509666256\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.14599609375001,\n              38.1777509666256\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.15698242187499,\n              38.298559092254344\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.05810546875,\n              38.315801006824984\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.1240234375,\n              38.436379603\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.06909179687501,\n              38.591113776147445\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.288818359375,\n              38.84826438869913\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.398681640625,\n              38.8824811975508\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.81640624999999,\n              38.93377552819722\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.81640624999999,\n              39.00211029922515\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.92626953124999,\n              39.18969082109678\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.88232421875,\n              39.317300373271024\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.62963867187499,\n              39.308800296002914\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.607666015625,\n              39.07890809706475\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.57470703125,\n              38.94232097947902\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.212158203125,\n              39.036252959636606\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.212158203125,\n              39.198205348894795\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.13525390625,\n              39.35978526869001\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.08032226562499,\n              39.37677199661635\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.00341796874999,\n              39.410733055084954\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.00341796874999,\n              39.50404070558415\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.91552734375,\n              39.70718665682654\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.860595703125,\n              39.740986355883564\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.684814453125,\n              39.68182601089365\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.55297851562499,\n              39.70718665682654\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.003662109375,\n              39.715638134796336\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a51e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henny, Charles J. 0000-0001-7474-350X hennyc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7474-350X","contributorId":3461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"hennyc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":332820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunaway, David J.","contributorId":56746,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dunaway","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6719,"text":"U. S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":332822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mallette, Robert D.","contributorId":160,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mallette","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":12939,"text":"California Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":332823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Koplin, James R.","contributorId":51863,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koplin","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":7067,"text":"Humboldt State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":332821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5220986,"text":"5220986 - 1978 - Bald eagles nesting in Baja California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-16T10:02:19","indexId":"5220986","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:32","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bald eagles nesting in Baja California","docAbstract":"<p>Published records of Bald Eagles (<i>Haliaeetus leucocephalus</i>) nesting in Baja California during the last 50 years are nonexistent to our knowledge, and few records exist prior to that time. Friedmann et al. (1950:61, Pac. Coast Avifauna 29) describe the distribution of Bald Eagles in Baja California as \"a scattering of pairs on both the Pacific and Gulf Sides.\" Nesting Bald Eagles were first reported by Bryant (1889, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2: 237-320), who found a pair on Isla Santa Margarita (24°25'N, 111°50'W; hereafter abbreviated as 2425-11150) and saw an adult on the \"estero\" north from Magdalena Bay (the region where one pair was seen in 1977). Other records were reviewed by Grinnell (1928, Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool. 32).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Henny, C.J., Anderson, D.W., and Knoder, C., 1978, Bald eagles nesting in Baja California: The Auk, v. 95, no. 2, p. 424-424.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"424","endPage":"424","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196771,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18503,"rank":300,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4085471 "}],"volume":"95","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64ab92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henny, Charles J. 0000-0001-7474-350X hennyc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7474-350X","contributorId":3461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"hennyc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":332817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Daniel W.","contributorId":74345,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":332818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knoder, C.E.","contributorId":106056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knoder","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5221438,"text":"5221438 - 1978 - Six different plasma enzymes in bald eagles (<i>Haliaeetus leucocephalus</i>) and their usefulness in pathological diagnosis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-06T15:45:27","indexId":"5221438","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:30","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1294,"text":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part C: Comparative Pharmacology","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Six different plasma enzymes in bald eagles (<i>Haliaeetus leucocephalus</i>) and their usefulness in pathological diagnosis","docAbstract":"<p>1. Activities of creatine phosphokinase, glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, fructose diphosphate aldolase and cholinesterase were measured in plasma of bald eagles.</p><p>2. There were no sex differences in the plasma enzyme activities.</p><p>3. An acute dieldrin dosage (10 mg/kg) of a female bald eagle resulted in 400% increases in activities of plasma creatine phosphokinase and glutamic oxalacetic transaminase and 250% increases in activities of lactate dehydrogenase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase.</p><p>4. At 11 days post-dosage all but one of the plasma enzyme activities had returned to normal; glutamic oxalacetic transaminase activity remained 100% above pre-dosage values.</p><p>5. Plasma enzyme assays constitute a non-destrcutive procedure that can be used in valuable wildlife species to screen for the presence and prevalence of environmental contaminants.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0306-4492(78)90125-9","usgsCitation":"Dieter, M.P., and Wiemeyer, S.N., 1978, Six different plasma enzymes in bald eagles (<i>Haliaeetus leucocephalus</i>) and their usefulness in pathological diagnosis: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part C: Comparative Pharmacology, v. 61, no. 1, p. 153-155, https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4492(78)90125-9.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"153","endPage":"155","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198819,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f6e4b07f02db5f1355","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dieter, M. P.","contributorId":89626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dieter","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiemeyer, Stanley N.","contributorId":78279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiemeyer","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5221444,"text":"5221444 - 1978 - Uptake of dietary PCB by pregnant big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) and their fetuses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-02T11:27:51.100902","indexId":"5221444","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:30","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uptake of dietary PCB by pregnant big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) and their fetuses","docAbstract":"In a previous study (CLARK and LAMONT 1976), 26 pregnant big brown bats were captured, caged, and fed uncontaminated mealworms until their litters were born. Immediately after parturition, female bats and litters were frozen. Five litters included at least one dead young, and these five litters contained significantly more of the PCB, Aroclor 1260, than did the 21 litters with only living young....The present study attempted to verify that Aroclor 1260 could cause stillbirths. I fed 18 of 36 pregnant big brown bats mealworms containing 6.36 ppm of Aroclor 1260 prior to birth of their litters. Both carcasses and litters of dosed females contained approximately 10 times more PCB than their respective controls, but no additional stillbirths resulted. Three of 18 control litters included dead young, whereas the comparable ratio among litters from dosed females was one of 18. Additional comparisons involving means of litter weight, adult female weight, parturition date, days in captivity, tooth wear, and percentage fat also failed to show any effect of the PCB....The association found earlier between PCB and dead young (CLARK and LAMONT 1976) was not one of cause and effect. In both studies, bats that had not been dosed showed greater PCB residues among younger females. Among control bats in the present series, females that produced dead young were significantly younger (that is, showed significantly less tooth wear) than other females. In sum, whereas dead young seemed to have been caused by greater residues, these two factors were actually independent of each other but associated with a third factor--age of the female parent bat.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01685862","usgsCitation":"Clark, D.R., 1978, Uptake of dietary PCB by pregnant big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) and their fetuses: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 19, no. 6, p. 707-714, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01685862.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"707","endPage":"714","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198169,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e07a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, D. R. Jr.","contributorId":40928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"D.","suffix":"Jr.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5223168,"text":"5223168 - 1978 - Differential use of fresh water environments by wintering waterfowl of coastal Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:08","indexId":"5223168","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:56","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differential use of fresh water environments by wintering waterfowl of coastal Texas","docAbstract":"A comparative study of the environmental relationships among 14 species of wintering waterfowl was conducted at the Welder Wildlife Foundation, San Patricia County, near Sinton, Texas during the fall and early winter of 1973. Measurements of 20 environmental factors (social, vegetational, physical, and chemical) were subjected to multivariate statistical methods to determine certain niche characteristics and environmental relationships of waterfowl wintering in the aquatic community.....Each waterfowl species occupied a unique realized niche by responding to distinct combinations of environmental factors identified by principal component analysis. One percent confidence ellipses circumscribing the mean scores plotted for the first and second principal components gave an indication of relative niche width for each species. The waterfowl environments were significantly different interspecifically and water depth at feeding site and % emergent vegetation were most important in the separation. This was shown by subjecting the transformed data to multivariate analysis of variance with an associated step-down procedure. The species were distributed along a community cline extending from shallow water with abundant emergent vegetation to open deep water with little emergent vegetation of any kind. Four waterfowl subgroups were significantly separated along the cline, as indicated by one-way analysis of variance with Duncan?s multiple range test. Clumping of the bird species toward the middle of the available habitat hyperspace was shown in a plot of the principal component scores for the random samples and individual species.....Naturally occurring relationships among waterfowl were clarified using principal comcomponent analysis and related multivariate procedures. These techniques may prove useful in wetland management for particular groups of waterfowl based on habitat preferences.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wilson Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"White, D.H., and James, D., 1978, Differential use of fresh water environments by wintering waterfowl of coastal Texas: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 90, no. 1, p. 99-111.","productDescription":"99-111","startPage":"99","endPage":"111","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196027,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17610,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Wilson/v090n01/p0099-p0111.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"90","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d717","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Donald H.","contributorId":97868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"James, D.","contributorId":36247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5221037,"text":"5221037 - 1978 - Distribution and abundance patterns of the palila on Mauna Kea,  Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-25T13:41:05","indexId":"5221037","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:56","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and abundance patterns of the palila on Mauna Kea,  Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p><span>Censuses of the known geographical range of the rare and endangered Palila were conducted in January (nonbreeding season) and September (breeding season) 1975. The habitat (mamane and naio forest of Mauna Kea, Hawaii) was divided into five major areas, with each analyzed for vegetational composition, phenology of the predominant tree species, and Palila density. Using a line transect census technique, we determined that: 1) the Palila occupied 5,560 ha, approximately 10% of its former range; 2) Palila populations were more restricted in the nonbreeding season, possibly reflecting their flocking tendency; 3) Palila densities were 38 birds per km2 in the breeding season and 36 birds per km2 in the nonbreeding season; 4) Palila population movements were small, and apparently were correlated with patterns of food availability; and 5) all methods of analysis yielded a projected population of approximately 1,600 birds. These low numbers, coupled with its restricted range, make the Palila one of the most vulnerable endangered species.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"van Riper, C., Scott, J.M., and Woodside, D., 1978, Distribution and abundance patterns of the palila on Mauna Kea,  Hawaii: The Auk, v. 95, no. 3, p. 518-527.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"518","endPage":"527","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197170,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17608,"rank":300,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4085154"}],"volume":"95","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db649f80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van Riper, Charles III 0000-0003-1084-5843 charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1084-5843","contributorId":169488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Riper","given":"Charles","suffix":"III","email":"charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":332908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, J. Michael","contributorId":98877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woodside, D.M.","contributorId":78840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodside","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5221436,"text":"5221436 - 1978 - Influence of laying on lead accumulation in bone of mallard ducks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-16T15:34:50","indexId":"5221436","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2480,"text":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of laying on lead accumulation in bone of mallard ducks","docAbstract":"Paired mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) were given No. 4 lead shot, and bone lead concentrations were compared in drakes and in laying and nonlaying hens. Lead accumulation was significantly greater in bones with a high medullary content (femur and sternum) compared with bones with a lower medullary content (ulna-radius or wingbones). In dosed groups, hens always contained higher bone lead residues than drakes. After dosage with one shot (approximately 200 mg lead), lead in femurs of laying hens averaged 488.4 ppm compared with 113.6 ppm in nonlaying hens. Femurs of drakes averaged 9.4 ppm lead. Dosage with the second lead shot did not result in further accumulation of bone lead in hens, but increased bone lead concentrations threefold in drakes, suggesting that saturation levels for bone lead had already been reached in the hens after ingestion of one shot. There was no demonstrable relationship between egg production and bone lead residues. The high lead residues, found in medullary bones of laying hens indicate that sex and physiological condition are major factors influencing lead absorption by bone.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/15287397809529649","usgsCitation":"Finley, M.T., and Dieter, M.P., 1978, Influence of laying on lead accumulation in bone of mallard ducks: Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, v. 4, no. 1, p. 123-129, https://doi.org/10.1080/15287397809529649.","productDescription":"123-129","startPage":"123","endPage":"129","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269463,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287397809529649"},{"id":198484,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f1e4b07f02db5ee6fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finley, M. T.","contributorId":40297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finley","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dieter, M. P.","contributorId":89626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dieter","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70162710,"text":"70162710 - 1978 - Pressure gradients and boiling as mechanisms for localizing ore in porphyry systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-29T11:18:39","indexId":"70162710","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pressure gradients and boiling as mechanisms for localizing ore in porphyry systems","docAbstract":"<p>Fluid inclusions in ore zones of porphyry systems indicate that extensive boiling of hydrothermal fluids accompanies deposition of ore and gangue minerals. The boiling commonly accompanied a change from a lithostatic to a hydrostatic environment during evolution of an epizonal stock. Pressure gradients near the margin of the stock can determine whether ore or only a diffuse zone of mineralization is formed. A sharp drop in pressure in an epizonal environment is more likely to cause extensive boiling than a comparable change in a deeper environment, as the slope of the boiling curve steepens with an increase 'in pressure. The drop in pressure causes the hydrothermal fluids to boil and creates a crackle (stockwork) breccia, which hosts the veinlets of gangue quartz and ore minerals. The boiling selectively partitions CO<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>S, and HCl into the vapor phase, changing the pH, composition, ionic strength, and thus the solubility product of metal complexes in the remaining liquid and causing the ore and gangue to come out of solution. Fluid inclusions trapped from boiling solutions can exhibit several forms, depending on the physical and chemical conditions of the hydrothermal fluid from which they were trapped. In one case, inclusions when heated can homogenize to either liquid or vapor at the same temperature, which is the true boiling temperature. In another case, homogenization of various inclusions can occur through a range of temperatures. The latter case results from the trapping of mixture of liquid and vapor. Variations in salinity can result from boiling of the hydrothermal fluid, or intermittent incorporation of high-salinity fluids from the magma, or trapping of fluids of varying densities at pressure-temperature conditions above the critical point of the fluid. In places, paleopressure-temperature transition zones can be recognized by fluid-inclusion homogenization temperatures and phase relationships and by the presence of anhydrite daughter minerals. Boiling of a hydrothermal fluid in the porphyry environment affects light stable isotopes. Hydrogen is preferentially fractionated into the vapor phase from water boiling below 223&deg;C; above this temperature deuterium is selectively enriched in the vapor phase. In certain environments boiling creates a vapor-dominated system in which the condensate is swept away by meteoric waters and the H/D in the residual fluids is progressively increased through time.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Cunningham, C.G., 1978, Pressure gradients and boiling as mechanisms for localizing ore in porphyry systems: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 6, no. 6, p. 745-754.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"745","endPage":"754","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":315051,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":315050,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1978/vol6issue6/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"26.93 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","city":"Bingham","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.19547271728516,\n              40.48429842982662\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.19547271728516,\n              40.56598102500838\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.1000289916992,\n              40.56598102500838\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.1000289916992,\n              40.48429842982662\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.19547271728516,\n              40.48429842982662\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ac9b75e4b0403299f53b0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cunningham, Charles G.","contributorId":85940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26740,"text":"wri78134 - 1978 - Land use, land cover, and drainage on the Albemarle-Pamlico Peninsula, Eastern North Carolina, 1974","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-21T17:19:29.617438","indexId":"wri78134","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-134","title":"Land use, land cover, and drainage on the Albemarle-Pamlico Peninsula, Eastern North Carolina, 1974","docAbstract":"A land use, land cover, and drainage map of the 2,000-square-mile Albermarle-Pamlico peninsula of eastern North Carolina has been prepared, at a scale of 1:125,000, as part of a larger study of the effects of large-scale land clearing on regional hydrology. The peninsula includes the most extensive area of wetland in North Carolina and one of the largest in the country. In recent years the pace of land clearing on the peninsula has accelerated as land is being converted from forest, swamp, and brushland to agricultural use. Conversion of swamps to intensive farming operations requires profound changes in the landscape. Vegetation is uprooted and burned and ditches and canals are dug to remove excess water. What is the impact of these changes on ground-water supplies and on the streams and surrounding coastal waters which receive the runoff This map will aid in answering these and similar questions that have arisen about the patterns of land use and the artificial drainage system that removes excess water from the land. By showing both land use and drainage, this map can be used to identify those areas where water-related problems may occur and help assess the nature and causes of these problems. The map covers the entire area east of the Suffolk Scarp, an area of about 2,000 square miles, for the year 1974 using data from 1974-76. Land use and land cover were compiled and modified from the U.S. Geological Survey 's Rocky Mount and Manteo LUDA maps. Additional information came from U.S. Geological Survey orthophotoquads, Landsat imagery, and field checking. Drainage was mapped from orthophotoquads, some field inspection, and 7-1/2 minute topographic quadrangle maps.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri78134","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community Development","usgsCitation":"Daniel, C., 1978, Land use, land cover, and drainage on the Albemarle-Pamlico Peninsula, Eastern North Carolina, 1974: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-134, 2 Plates: 47.94 x 30.89 inches and 47.90 x 31.02 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri78134.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 47.94 x 30.89 inches and 47.90 x 31.02 inches","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158490,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0134/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":492647,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0134/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":492646,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0134/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":492648,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0134/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Albemarle-Pamplico Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -78.046875,\n              34.44315867450577\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.046875,\n              36.57142382346277\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.99267578125,\n              36.57142382346277\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.99267578125,\n              34.44315867450577\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.046875,\n              34.44315867450577\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adf98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Daniel, C.C.","contributorId":53427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daniel","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":38702,"text":"pp813Q - 1978 - Summary appraisals of the nation's ground-water resources – Missouri basin region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-14T21:56:38.395429","indexId":"pp813Q","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"813","chapter":"Q","title":"Summary appraisals of the nation's ground-water resources – Missouri basin region","docAbstract":"<p>The Missouri Basin Region lies in the north-central part of the United States and southern Canada. It includes parts of Alberta and Saskatchewan in Canada; parts of Montana, Wyoming, North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, Iowa, Colorado, Kansas, and Missouri, and all of Nebraska in the United States. The region includes about one-sixth of the contiguous United States and requires large water supplies for irrigation, industrial, public, and rural uses. Climate ranges from semiarid to subhumid. Normal annual precipitation increases generally eastward in the downstream direction, but precipitation is not a dependable source of supply. The Missouri River and its tributaries furnish water to many users, but surface water is often inadequate to meet large demands. Numerous surface reservoirs help to regulate streamflow and provide storage, but they also allow an increase in evapotranspiration, which in some areas exceeds normal precipitation. Ground water occurs in aquifers classified as alluvial deposits of sand and gravel, glacial deposits, dune-sand deposits, basin-fill deposits of sand and gravel, sandstone, siltstone, fractured sandy clay, limestone, and dolomite. Ground water can be developed and managed in an orderly manner provided adequate geologic and hydrologic data are available to determine aquifer characteristics and response to pumping and other hydraulic stresses. These data and determinations are essential to design, testing, and implementation of water management plans.</p>\n<p>Unconsolidated and semiconsolidated aquifers include valley-fill alluvium, areally extensive alluvium, glacial deposits, and basin-fill deposits. The aquifers normally consist of alluvial sand and gravel that contain unconfined ground water that lies near the land surface. Many wells completed in the alluvial aquifers have high yields of good-quality water because most alluvial aquifers are highly transmissive and hydraulically connected to streams. Aquifers in glacial deposits may be difficult to locate and in some areas contain saline water; nevertheless, these aquifers are sources of water supply for many users. Basin-fill aquifers are as much as several thousand feet thick, and many contain large ground-water supplies. Ground-water mining has occurred in semiconsolidated aquifers because of withdrawals from wells.&nbsp;Unconsolidated and semiconsolidated aquifers have potential for conjunctive use with surface water, recycling to reuse available supplies, artificial recharge, and salvage of evapotranspired water.</p>\n<p>Sandstone aquifers lie near the land surface and in structural basins. Interbasin movement of ground water occurs in the Virgelle (Milk River aquifer), Fox Hills-basal Hell Creek, and Dakota aquifers. Sandstone aquifers are less transmissive than unconsolidated and semiconsolidated aquifers in general. Confined sandstone aquifers are common, and flowing wells are obtained in many areas. However, flowing wells may cause large declines in water levels if uncontrolled. Water quality is variable in sandstone aquifers but is adequate for most needs.&nbsp;Sandstone aquifers have potential for artificial recharge, induced interaquifer leakage, conjunctive use with surface water, and mining of ground water.</p>\n<p>Limestone and dolomite aquifers are extensive in the region, but in some areas they lie deep below the land surface. The occurrence of ground water in small pores, fractures, or large caverns causes yields from wells to range widely. Large flows through cavern systems in the aquifers are indicated by large springs in some areas. Water quality is extremely variable and must be considered in any water-development plan.&nbsp;Limestone and dolomite aquifers have potential for development of large water supplies in some areas. The development may be aided by induced recharge and interaquifer leakage.</p>\n<p>Saline ground water occurs throughout the Missouri Basin Region. Dissolved-solids concentration as much as 30,000 milligrams per liter has been measured in aquifers in glacial deposits in Montana. Saline water is common in sandstone aquifers in Wyoming, North Dakota, and South Dakota; maximum reported concentration is 280,000 milligrams per liter in water from the Tensleep Sandstone in Wyoming. Limestone contains saline water in many areas; maximum dissolved-solids concentration is about 350,000 milligrams per liter for the Madison Group in the Williston Basin in North Dakota.</p>\n<p>Comprehensive water-management planning in the Missouri Basin Region will require periodic or continuing inventory of precipitation, streamflow, surface-water storage, and ground water. Water demands for irrigation, industrial, public supply, and rural use are increasing rapidly. Reliance on ground-water supplies is increasing even though in many areas the ground water is still mostly undeveloped. Optimal use of water supplies will require the establishment of realistic goals and carefully conceived water-management plans, each of which will necessarily be based on an adequate baseline of hydrologic data and knowledge of the highly variable hydrologic systems in the region.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp813Q","usgsCitation":"Taylor, O., 1978, Summary appraisals of the nation's ground-water resources – Missouri basin region: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 813, Report: v., 41 p.; 3 Plates: 25.50 x 20.32 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp813Q.","productDescription":"Report: v., 41 p.; 3 Plates: 25.50 x 20.32 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":392897,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5071.htm"},{"id":123063,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0813q/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":65559,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0813q/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"15.58 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":65558,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0813q/plate-3.pdf","text":"Plate 3","size":"7.46 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 3"},{"id":65557,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0813q/plate-2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","size":"7.25 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 2"},{"id":65556,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0813q/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"7.64 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -113.99414062499999,\n              49.49667452747045\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.4453125,\n              50.45750402042058\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.896484375,\n              50.3454604086048\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.853515625,\n              50.12057809796008\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.041015625,\n              49.15296965617042\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.96484375,\n              47.635783590864854\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.822265625,\n              46.92025531537451\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.55859375,\n              46.31658418182218\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.3828125,\n              45.583289756006316\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.328125,\n              44.77793589631623\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.537109375,\n              44.02442151965934\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.921875,\n              43.51668853502909\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.603515625,\n              42.42345651793833\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.021484375,\n              40.91351257612758\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.49414062499999,\n              39.027718840211605\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.40625,\n              37.50972584293751\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.63671875,\n              36.87962060502676\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.5703125,\n              37.43997405227057\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.85546875,\n              37.92686760148135\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.7890625,\n              37.92686760148135\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.88671875,\n              38.20365531807149\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.46875,\n              38.134556577054134\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.05078125,\n              39.16414104768742\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.45703125,\n              41.31082388091818\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.21484375,\n              42.87596410238254\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.09374999999999,\n              44.213709909702054\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.4453125,\n              44.653024159812\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.939453125,\n              44.96479793033104\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.939453125,\n              45.460130637921004\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.90625,\n              46.37725420510028\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.169921875,\n              47.69497434186282\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.99414062499999,\n              49.49667452747045\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db69969c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, O. James","contributorId":23958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"O. James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29963,"text":"wri784 - 1978 - Hydrogeologic factors affecting the availability and quality of ground water in the Temple Terrace area, Hillsborough County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-15T10:12:32","indexId":"wri784","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-4","title":"Hydrogeologic factors affecting the availability and quality of ground water in the Temple Terrace area, Hillsborough County, Florida","docAbstract":"Ground water occurs in two aquifers in the Temple Terrace area of Hillsborough County, Fla. The lower one is the artesian Floridan aquifer; the upper is the water-table aquifer. The Floridan aquifer is a thick sequence of limestone and dolomite layers which include several permeable zones that generally are treated as a single hydrologic unit. The top of the Tampa Limestone is considered to be the top of the Floridan in the Temple Terrace area. The public supply wells of the city tap the Tampa Limestone and the underlying Suwannee Limestone, in the upper part of the Floridan. The general direction of ground-water movement in the Floridan aquifer is from north to south, but within the city the direction of movement is from northeast to southwest. The quantity of water moving southwest through a 1.8 mile section of the aquifer is about 2.7 million gallons per day. Ample supplies of water in a cavernous limestone, considered to be the most productive water-yielding zone in the aquifer, are available for additional development from the Floridan aquifer. Water-quality data are included also. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri784","usgsCitation":"Stewart, J.W., Goetz, C.L., and Mills, L.R., 1978, Hydrogeologic factors affecting the availability and quality of ground water in the Temple Terrace area, Hillsborough County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-4, v, 38 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri784.","productDescription":"v, 38 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":365517,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0004/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160412,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0004/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Hillsborough County","otherGeospatial":"Temple Terrace area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.4081039428711,\n              28.00804237627334\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.36175537109375,\n              28.00804237627334\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.36175537109375,\n              28.067436206631196\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.4081039428711,\n              28.067436206631196\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.4081039428711,\n              28.00804237627334\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4fe4b07f02db62894b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, Joseph William","contributorId":48185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goetz, Carole L.","contributorId":63850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goetz","given":"Carole","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mills, L. R.","contributorId":26281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":7753,"text":"ofr78139 - 1978 - Appraisal of water resources in the Fort McDermitt Indian Reservation, Humboldt County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:13","indexId":"ofr78139","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-139","title":"Appraisal of water resources in the Fort McDermitt Indian Reservation, Humboldt County, Nevada","docAbstract":"Consideration of land-management alternatives in parts of the Fort McDermitt Indian Reservation has prompted an evaluation of water resources in the reservation and vicinity. The study area comprises (1) about 9 square miles of reservation land, plus adjacent areas, on and bordering the floor of Quinn River valley near McDermitt, Nev., and (2) the uninhabited 5.6-square-mile Hog John Ranch (also part of the reservation) and adjacent areas along the boundary between Kings River and Desert Valley, about 35 miles southwest of McDermitt. \r\n\r\nIn both areas, the valley-fill reservoir forms the principal source of ground water. The reservoir is at least 1,225 feet deep at one site near McDermitt. Volcanic rocks also form an important source of ground water for several wells near McDermitt. A 12-inch diameter, 720-foot test well drilled on the reservation near McDermitt produced 360 gallons per minute with a drawdown of 149 feet (specific capacity, 2.4 gallons per minute per foot of drawdown). A transmissivity of 640 feet squared per day for this well was obtained from a 44-hour pumping test. Transmissivities for 6 Other wells in the McDermitt area ranged from 710 to 11,000 feet squared per day. In this area, water levels ranging from 3 to 250 feet below land surface have remained almost the same as those of 1964. Depth to water generally increases away from the valley lowlands. \r\n\r\nThe valley-fill reservoir in the Hog John Ranch area is at least 350 feet deep. Depth to water in the vicinity of the Ranch ranges from 0.25 to 48 feet, with deeper water levels generally found at higher land elevations. Net change in these water levels has been negligible for a period of nearly 30 years. Two adjacent test wells at the Ranch were augered to depths of 33 and 90 feet during this study, and completed with well-bottom screens. Differing water levels in the two wells indicate a minimum upward hydraulic gradient of about 0.07 foot per foot in the zone penetrated by the holes. \r\n\r\nWater quality in the McDermitt area is generally suitable for most uses. In the Ranch area, water salinity appears to decrease with increasing well depth, and is generally suitable for irrigation at depths exceeding 50 feet. \r\n\r\nThe East Fork Quinn River, which flows directly through the inhabited part of the reservation, has an average runoff of about 20,000 acre-feet per year at the gage 7 miles east of McDermitt. Streamflow from Quinn River, Kings River, and Desert Valleys passes intermittently through the Ranch by way of the Quinn River, but the quantity of flow is not known.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr78139","usgsCitation":"Arteaga, F.E., 1978, Appraisal of water resources in the Fort McDermitt Indian Reservation, Humboldt County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-139, vi, 64 p., 4 sheets, :ill., maps (some fold. in envelope) ;28 cm. --, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78139.","productDescription":"vi, 64 p., 4 sheets, :ill., maps (some fold. in envelope) ;28 cm. --","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142092,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0139/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":35221,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0139/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":35222,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0139/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":35223,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0139/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":35224,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0139/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":35225,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0139/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a2f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arteaga, Freddy E.","contributorId":73601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arteaga","given":"Freddy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":6515,"text":"pp1051 - 1978 - Field determination of vertical permeability to air in the unsaturated zone","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":11605,"text":"ofr77346 - 1977 - Field determination of vertical permeability to air in the unsaturated zone","indexId":"ofr77346","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"Field determination of vertical permeability to air in the unsaturated zone"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":6515,"text":"pp1051 - 1978 - Field determination of vertical permeability to air in the unsaturated zone","indexId":"pp1051","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Field determination of vertical permeability to air in the unsaturated zone"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:55","indexId":"pp1051","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1051","title":"Field determination of vertical permeability to air in the unsaturated zone","docAbstract":"The vertical permeability to air of layered materials in the unsaturated zone may be determined from air pressure data obtained at depth during a period when air pressure is changing at land surface. Such data may be obtained by monitoring barometric pressure with a microbarograph or surveying altimeter and simultaneously measuring down-hole pneumatic head differences in specially constructed piezometers. These data, coupled with air-filled porosity data from other sources, may be compared with the results of electric-analog or numerical solution of the one-dimensional diffusion equation to make a trial-and-error determination of the air permeability for each layer. The permeabilities to air may in turn be converted to equivalent hydraulic conductivity values if the materials are well drained, are permeable enough that the Klinkenberg effect is small, and are structurally unaffected by wetting. The method offers potential advantages over present methods to evaluate sites for artificial recharge by spreading; to evaluate ground-water pollution hazards from feedlots, sanitary landfills , and land irrigated with sewage effluent; and to evaluate sites for temporary storage of gas in the unsaturated zone. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/pp1051","usgsCitation":"Weeks, E.P., 1978, Field determination of vertical permeability to air in the unsaturated zone: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1051, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1051.","productDescription":"41 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123710,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1051/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":33981,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1051/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f5735","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weeks, Edwin P. epweeks@usgs.gov","contributorId":2576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weeks","given":"Edwin","email":"epweeks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":152852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":9004,"text":"ofr78383 - 1978 - A comparison of rock and soil samples for geochemical mapping of two porphyry-metal systems in Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:28","indexId":"ofr78383","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-383","title":"A comparison of rock and soil samples for geochemical mapping of two porphyry-metal systems in Colorado","docAbstract":"Paired rock and soil samples were collected at widely spaced locations in large segments of the porphyry-metal systems of the Montezuma district in central Colorado and of a northwestward extension of the Summitville district into Crater Creek in southern Colorado. The paired samples do not covary closely enough for one sample medium to proxy for the other. However, the areal distributions of elements in both rocks and soils in these two districts conform to alteration zoning as defined by mineralogy. Differing geochemical patterns of rocks and soils reflect species-dependent responses to weathering. Soils appear to be statistically enriched in ore elements and depleted in rock elements as compared to the matching rocks. These differences are largely artificial s owing to different methods of sample preparation and chemical analysis for rocks and for soils. The distributions of metals in soils delineate the occurrence of ore-metal minerals mostly from vein deposits whereas the distributions of metals in rocks conform to zones of pervasive hydrothermal alteration and to the distribution of varied mineral deposits among these zones. Rock and soil samples are equally useful s of comparable map resolution and complement one another as a basis for geochemically mapping these porphyry-metal systems.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr78383","usgsCitation":"Neuerburg, G.J., Barton, H.N., Watterson, J., and Welsch, E.P., 1978, A comparison of rock and soil samples for geochemical mapping of two porphyry-metal systems in Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-383, 26 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78383.","productDescription":"26 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144278,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0383/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":36643,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0383/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b27e4b07f02db6b0f4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neuerburg, George J.","contributorId":103661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuerburg","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barton, H. N.","contributorId":99546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Watterson, J.R.","contributorId":102890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watterson","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Welsch, E. P.","contributorId":6050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welsch","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70112350,"text":"70112350 - 1978 - The metallogenic role of east-west fracture zones in South America with regard to the motion of lithospheric plates (with an example from Brazil)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T15:10:00","indexId":"70112350","displayToPublicDate":"1990-06-12T15:58:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2135,"text":"Jornal de Mineralogia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The metallogenic role of east-west fracture zones in South America with regard to the motion of lithospheric plates (with an example from Brazil)","docAbstract":"<p>The role of east-west fracture zones in South America is discussed with regard to global fracturing and the motion of lithospheric plates. A set of major NW-trending lineaments has been derived which show a tendency to be spaced equidistantly and may correspond to a set of east-west fractures in the \"pre-drift\" position of the South American plate. Statistical analysis of linears in the ERTS-mosaics shows that NW-fractures are also among the most important ones in the Andes region, suggesting that the above major lineaments extend into the basement of the Andes. Some of the old major fractures, trending east-west in the present orientation of South America, are discussed and their NE orientation in the pre-drift position of the plate is considered. An example of structural control of ore deposition in the Brazilian Shield is presented, using the maps of the RADAM Project. It is concluded that the small tin-bearing granitic bodies concentrated in the region of Sao Felix do Xingu in the state of Para represent upper parts of an unexposed granitoid massif which is controlled by the intersection of a major east-west fracture zone probably represents westward extension of the Patos Lineament of the easternmost part of Brazil, connected with the east-west fracture zone of the Para state through the basement of the Maranhao Basin (Sineclise do Maranhao-Piaui). It is expected that the proposed \"Patos-Para Lineament\" extends further westward and may similarly control, at intersections with fractures of other trends, some mineralization centers in the western part of the state of Para and in the state of Amazonas.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Clube de Mineralogía","publisherLocation":"Recife, Brazil","usgsCitation":"Kutina, J., Carter, W.D., and Lopez, F., 1978, The metallogenic role of east-west fracture zones in South America with regard to the motion of lithospheric plates (with an example from Brazil): Jornal de Mineralogia, v. 7, p. 97-110.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"110","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288560,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Brazil","otherGeospatial":"South America","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.0,-56.5 ], [ -94.0,13.1 ], [ -32.6,13.1 ], [ -32.6,-56.5 ], [ -94.0,-56.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"539acc58e4b0e83db6d0902f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kutina, J.","contributorId":65006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kutina","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carter, William D.","contributorId":64567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lopez, F.X.","contributorId":99894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lopez","given":"F.X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70112348,"text":"70112348 - 1978 - Hydrological applications of Landsat imagery used in the study of the 1973 Indus River flood, Pakistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T15:11:13","indexId":"70112348","displayToPublicDate":"1990-06-12T15:50:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrological applications of Landsat imagery used in the study of the 1973 Indus River flood, Pakistan","docAbstract":"<p>During August and September 1973, the Indus River Valley of Pakistan experienced one of the largest floods on record, resulting in damages to homes, businesses, public works, and crops amounting to millions of rupees. Tremendous areas of lowlands were inundated along the Indus River and major tributaries. Landsat data made it possible to easily measure the extent of flooding, totaling about 20,000 km<sup>2</sup> within an area of about 400,000 km<sup>2</sup> south from the Punjab to the Arabian Sea.</p><p>The Indus River data were used to continue experimentation in the development of rapid, accurate, and inexpensive optical techniques of flood mapping by satellite begun in 1973 for the Mississipi River floods. The research work on the Indus River not resulted in the development of more effective procedures for optical processing of flood data and synoptically depicting flooding, but also provided potentially valuable ancillary information concerning the hydrology of much of the Indus River Basin.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","publisherLocation":"Herndon, VA","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1978.tb02165.x","usgsCitation":"Deutsch, M., and Ruggles, F., 1978, Hydrological applications of Landsat imagery used in the study of the 1973 Indus River flood, Pakistan: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 14, no. 2, p. 261-274, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1978.tb02165.x.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"261","endPage":"274","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288558,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288557,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1978.tb02165.x"}],"country":"Pakistan","otherGeospatial":"Indus River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 67.42,23.99 ], [ 67.42,35.54 ], [ 73.59,35.54 ], [ 73.59,23.99 ], [ 67.42,23.99 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"539acc03e4b0e83db6d08f63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Deutsch, Morris","contributorId":69119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deutsch","given":"Morris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruggles, F.H. Jr.","contributorId":75822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruggles","given":"F.H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70207416,"text":"70207416 - 1978 - Metallogenesis in the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-24T10:14:30","indexId":"70207416","displayToPublicDate":"1978-12-31T08:49:46","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2545,"text":"Journal of the Geological Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metallogenesis in the western United States","docAbstract":"<p>Although the Mesozoic-Cenozoic metallogeny of the western United States unquestionably resulted from convergence of the North American and Pacific Ocean plates, subduction alone does not adequately explain the distribution of the ore deposits in Laramide and post-Laramide time, when magmatism and mineralization extended irregularly eastward at least 1500 km from the continental margin. Stable isotopes (lead and initial<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr) indicate derivation of some rock- and ore-forming elements from continental rather than oceanic lithosphere. A gross east-west metals zonation lacks the clearcut divisions evident to the north and south in the Cordillera. Lineaments, difficult or impossible to document unequivocally, seem nevertheless to have played some role in localizing mineral belts transverse to plate boundaries.</p><p>It is suggested that mantle convection in a reactivated ensialic back-arc, triggered at least in part by subduction on one or more Benioff Zones, became increasingly important both with time and with distance eastward from the Mesozoic trench. Small magma pockets were generated episodically by partial fusion of the continental lithosphere, itself probably in-homogeneous, where deep crustal flaws, many ancient but some perhaps newly created, relieved pressure and provided access to the upper crust.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of London","doi":"10.1144/gsjgs.135.4.0355","issn":"00167649","usgsCitation":"Guild, P.W., 1978, Metallogenesis in the western United States: Journal of the Geological Society, v. 135, no. 4, p. 355-376, https://doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.135.4.0355.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"355","endPage":"376","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":370457,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Western United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -126.298828125,\n              41.44272637767212\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.47656249999999,\n              32.10118973232094\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.74414062499999,\n              30.751277776257812\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.23828125,\n              48.922499263758255\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.18945312500001,\n              50.28933925329178\n            ],\n            [\n              -126.298828125,\n              41.44272637767212\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"135","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guild, P. W.","contributorId":39039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guild","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70207380,"text":"70207380 - 1978 - A computer-assisted graphical method for identification and correlation of igneous rock chemistries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-03T15:12:24.719967","indexId":"70207380","displayToPublicDate":"1978-12-18T13:25:02","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A computer-assisted graphical method for identification and correlation of igneous rock chemistries","docAbstract":"<p>We have devised a computer-assisted graphical method for correlating chemical analyses in suites of related igneous rocks. The method provides a direct and empirical means of sample identification using all of the reported chemistry. In a study of basalt of the Columbia River plateau, the method has been used for (1) checking field identifications of rocks, (2) spotting analytical errors in analyses of samples of known chemical type, (3) identifying repetitions of chemistry in thick stratigraphic sections, and (4) matching analyses of dikes to those of flows that the dikes may have fed.</p><p>Program OXVAR creates a set of oxide-oxide variation diagrams on a CALCOMP plotter; any oxide may be used as the base (for example, MgO, SiO<sub>2</sub>). For each oxide-oxide variation diagram, program CTSET creates the smallest convex polygon that encloses all the data points as well as a larger polygon that takes into account the error in determination of each data point. A set of nested polygons, one for each oxide, then represents a chemical type. Program CTYPE identifies unknown analyses by comparing them with all defined chemical types. If all the elements or oxides of an analysis plot within the defined polygons for a given chemical type, then an identification is printed. If at least one element of an analysis falls outside the set of polygons defined for each chemical type, then “unidentified” is printed, and qualitative information on the amount of deviation from the defined chemical types is given.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1978)6<16:ACGMFI>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Wright, T., and Hamilton, M., 1978, A computer-assisted graphical method for identification and correlation of igneous rock chemistries: Geology, v. 6, no. 1, p. 14-20, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1978)6<16:ACGMFI>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"14","endPage":"20","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370421,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, Thomas L. twright@usgs.gov","contributorId":3890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Thomas L.","email":"twright@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hamilton, M.S.","contributorId":221332,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamilton","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70156361,"text":"70156361 - 1978 - Petrographic differentiation of depositional environments of sandstones of the Pennsylvanian Breathitt Formation, northeastern Kentucky and southwestern West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-20T14:28:01","indexId":"70156361","displayToPublicDate":"1978-11-30T18:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrographic differentiation of depositional environments of sandstones of the Pennsylvanian Breathitt Formation, northeastern Kentucky and southwestern West Virginia","docAbstract":"<p>Petrographic properties of sandstone samples from the lower and middle Pennsylvanian Breathitt Formation in northeastern Kentucky and southwestern West Virginia were utilized to classify their environments of deposition. Simultaneous consideration of mineral composition, grain size, and sorting of the sandstones by using stepwise multiple discriminant-function analysis has permitted differentiation between alluvial-plain and delta-plain sandstones. Stepwise multiple discriminant-function analysis of the sandstone samples- was performed in two parts. The first analysis assigned the sandstones of all grain-size classes to one of three environments of deposition: (1) alluvial plain, (2) upper delta plain, and (3) lower delta plain. The second analysis classed the sandstones by grain size and subdivided each grain-size class into these environmental groups. Discriminant analyses of sandstones of all grain-size classes led to correct assignment of depositional environment to 76 percent of the samples. Analyses of the sandstones classed by grain size led to correct classification of 67 percent of the medium-grained sandstones, 83 percent of the fine-grained sandstones, and 91 percent of the very fine grained sandstones. The discriminantfunction method was adopted to classify the depositional environment and stratigraphic position of test sandstone samples. Analyses of fine-grained and very fine grained sandstones resulted in correct classification of 84 percent of the test samples to their depositional setting and stratigraphic position. The best discrimination is offered by analyses of fine-grained sandstones, which resulted in correct classification of 88 percent of the samples. Thus, this statistical method can be adopted as a powerful tool for exploration programs that concern delineation of genetically similar sandstones.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Arlington, VA","usgsCitation":"Flores, R.M., 1978, Petrographic differentiation of depositional environments of sandstones of the Pennsylvanian Breathitt Formation, northeastern Kentucky and southwestern West Virginia: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 6, no. 5, p. 593-602.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"593","endPage":"602","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":307005,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307004,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1978/vol6issue5/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"31.11 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Breathitt Formation","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.86849975585938,\n              37.85696502054439\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.86849975585938,\n              38.16533520012289\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.47093200683594,\n              38.16533520012289\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.47093200683594,\n              37.85696502054439\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.86849975585938,\n              37.85696502054439\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d6fa37e4b0518e3546bc54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flores, Romeo M. rflores@usgs.gov","contributorId":71984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flores","given":"Romeo","email":"rflores@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":165,"text":"Central Energy Resources Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":568886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70119899,"text":"70119899 - 1978 - Statistical inference from capture data on closed animal populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-11T13:30:33","indexId":"70119899","displayToPublicDate":"1978-10-01T12:59:07","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3773,"text":"Wildlife Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Statistical inference from capture data on closed animal populations","docAbstract":"<p>The estimation of animal abundance is an important problem in both the theoretical and applied biological sciences.  Serious work to develop estimation methods began during the 1950s, with a few attempts before that time.  The literature on estimation methods has increased tremendously during the past 25 years (Cormack 1968, Seber 1973).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>However, in large part, the problem remains unsolved.  Past efforts toward comprehensive and systematic estimation of density (D) or population size (N) have been inadequate, in general.  While more than 200 papers have been published on the subject, one is generally left without a unified approach to the estimation of abundance of an animal population</p>\n<br/.>\n<p>This situation is unfortunate because a number of pressing research problems require such information.  In addition, a wide array of environmental assessment studies and biological inventory programs require the estimation of animal abundance.  These needs have been further emphasized by the requirement for the preparation of Environmental Impact Statements imposed by the National Environmental Protection Act in 1970.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>This publication treats inference procedures for certain types of capture data on closed animal populations.  This includes multiple capture-recapture studies (variously called capture-mark-recapture, mark-recapture, or tag-recapture studies) involving livetrapping techniques and removal studies involving kill traps or at least temporary removal of captured individuals during the study.  Animals do not necessarily need to be physically trapped; visual sightings of marked animals and electrofishing studies also produce data suitable for the methods described in this monograph.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>To provide a frame of reference for what follows, we give an exampled of a capture-recapture experiment to estimate population size of small animals using live traps.  The general field experiment is similar for all capture-recapture studies (a removal study is, of course, slightly different).  A typical field experiment is the following: a number of traps are positioned in the area to be studied, say 144 traps in a 12 X 12 grid, 7 m apart.  At the beginning of the study (j=1) a sample size of n<sub>1</sub> is taken from the population, the animals are tagged and marked for future identification, and then returned to the population, usually at the same point where they were trapped.  After allowing time of the marked and unmarked animals to mix, a second sample (j=2, often the following day) or n<sub>2</sub> animals is then taken.the second sample normally contains both marked and unmarked animals.  The unmarked animals are marked and all captured animals are released back into the population.  This procedure continues for t periods where t ≥ 2.  The animals should be marked in such a way that the capture-recapture history of each animal caught during the study is known.  In practice, toes are often clipped to uniquely identify individual animals (Taber and Cowan 1969) or serially numbered tags are sometimes used on larger animals.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Such capture studies are classified by 2 schemes that are directly related to what class of models are appropriate and what parameters can be estimated.  The first classification addresses the subject of closure.  Closure usually means the size of the population is constant over the priod of investigation, i.e., no recruitment (birth or immigration) or losses (death or emigration).  This is a strong assumption and, of course, never completely true in a natural biological population.  For greater generality, we define closure to mean there are no unknown changes to the initial population.  In practice, this means known losses (trap death), or deliberate removals) do not violate our definition of closure.  If the study is properly designed, closure can be met at least approximately.  Open or nonclosed populations explicitly allow for one or more types of recruitment or losses to operate during the course of the experiment (Jolly 1965, Seber 1965, Robson 1969, Pollock 1975).  Only closed populations will be considered in this monograph.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The second classification depends on the type of data collected with 2 possibilities occurring (Pollock 1974, unpublished doctoral dissertation, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York):</p>\n<br/>\n<p>(1) only information on the recovery of marked animals is available for each sampling occasion, j, j=1, 2, ... t.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>(2) information on both marked and unmarked animals is available for each sampling occasion, j, j=1, 2, ... t.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>In case (1), population size (N) is not identifiable, however, other parameters can be estimated (Brownie et al. 1978).  In case (2), N can be estimated using a wide variety of approaches depending upon what we wish to assume.  Only case (2) will be dealt with here.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Monographs","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Otis, D.L., Burnham, K.P., White, G.C., and Anderson, D.R., 1978, Statistical inference from capture data on closed animal populations: Wildlife Monographs, no. 62, p. 3-135.","productDescription":"133 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"135","numberOfPages":"133","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291962,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"62","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e9d8d4e4b008eaa4f3f695","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Otis, David L.","contributorId":78455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otis","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":350,"text":"Iowa Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":497851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burnham, Kenneth P.","contributorId":95025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnham","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":189,"text":"Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":497853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, Gary C.","contributorId":66831,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":497850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, David R.","contributorId":92722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1014042,"text":"1014042 - 1978 - Herpesvirus salmonis: Characterization of a new pathogen of rainbow trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-26T23:02:08.630491","indexId":"1014042","displayToPublicDate":"1978-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2497,"text":"Journal of Virology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Herpesvirus salmonis: Characterization of a new pathogen of rainbow trout","docAbstract":"<p><span>A new agent, provisionally designated&nbsp;</span><i>Herpesvirus salmonis</i><span>, was isolated from post-spawning rainbow trout (</span><i>Salmo gairdneri</i><span>) and studied primarily in the RTG-2 rainbow trout cell line. Infection of RTG-2 cells resulted in the formation of syncytia and Cowdry type A intranuclear inclusions. Replication occurred regularly at 5 and 10°C, but was inconsistent at 15°C, largely inhibited at 0°C, and completely inhibited at 20°C or higher. The virus was acid, heat, ether, and chloroform labile, but stable to freezing and thawing. It did not hemagglutinate. Viral DNA had a buoyant density of 1.709 g/cm</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;and a guanine-cytosine value of 50%. Hexagonal nucleocapsids had a diameter of 90 nm and were first seen in nuclei at 36 h. Enveloped forms measured about 150 nm and occurred both cytoplasmically and extracellularly. At 10°C, a one-step growth culture required about 96 h; cell-associated virus peaked at about 10</span><sup>5</sup><span>&nbsp;PFU/ml and exceeded released virus by a factor of about 10.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/jvi.27.3.659-666.1978","usgsCitation":"Wolf, K., Darlington, R.W., Taylor, W., Quimby, M.C., and Nagabayashi, T., 1978, Herpesvirus salmonis: Characterization of a new pathogen of rainbow trout: Journal of Virology, v. 27, no. 3, p. 659-666, https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.27.3.659-666.1978.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"659","endPage":"666","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487168,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.27.3.659-666.1978","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":129495,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635be9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolf, K.","contributorId":16344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Darlington, R. W.","contributorId":64599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darlington","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taylor, W.G.","contributorId":76264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"W.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Quimby, M. C.","contributorId":14334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quimby","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nagabayashi, T.","contributorId":14347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagabayashi","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70169338,"text":"70169338 - 1978 - Climate and reproduction of grizzly bears in Yellowstone National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-25T09:39:09","indexId":"70169338","displayToPublicDate":"1978-08-01T10:45:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate and reproduction of grizzly bears in Yellowstone National Park","docAbstract":"<p>Controversy&nbsp;surrounds the conflicts between the requirements of human safety and the preservation of grizzly bears (<i>Ursus arctos horribilis</i>) in western North America. It has been difficult to separate the effect of factors such as the closure of garbage dumps from that of the climate. It has also proved difficult to relate climatic data to changes in the populations of large mammals. I report here a correlation of climatic change with fluctuations in the sizes of litters of grizzly bears born in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, during 1958&ndash;1976. The decrease in litter sizes observed since the closure of garbage dumps seems to be largely a consequence of unfavourable weather during the periods of the final fattening of the mother, winter sleep, birth, lactation and early spring foraging. This study represents one of the few times that the effects of climate have been demonstrated for large omnivorous or carnivorous mammals.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Macmillan Journals Ltd.","publisherLocation":"London","doi":"10.1038/274888a0","usgsCitation":"Picton, H.D., 1978, Climate and reproduction of grizzly bears in Yellowstone National Park: Nature, v. 274, p. 888-889, https://doi.org/10.1038/274888a0.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"888","endPage":"889","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319385,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.00335693359375,\n              45.00170912094224\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.05255126953125,\n              45.00170912094224\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.05529785156249,\n              44.16447445668458\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.984130859375,\n              44.16250418310723\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.97863769531249,\n              44.3670601700202\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.03082275390625,\n              44.3906169787868\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.04180908203124,\n              44.40042951858466\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.01983642578125,\n              44.439663223436106\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.9676513671875,\n              44.46319080919909\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.962158203125,\n              44.50434127765394\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.98687744140624,\n              44.52001001133986\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.10772705078125,\n              44.51021754644924\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.10498046875,\n              44.53959000445632\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.03082275390625,\n              44.55916341529184\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.0006103515625,\n              44.5924231071787\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.9346923828125,\n              44.62175409623324\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.86053466796875,\n              44.64716230650056\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.79461669921875,\n              44.674512553303565\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.764404296875,\n              44.717465444997785\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.78912353515625,\n              44.762336674810996\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.8577880859375,\n              44.78573392716592\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.89898681640625,\n              44.79937794671695\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.90997314453125,\n              44.84223815129917\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.88800048828125,\n              44.90063253713748\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.92095947265625,\n              44.92786297463683\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.95941162109375,\n              44.972570682240644\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.00335693359375,\n              45.00170912094224\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"274","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f66142e4b07d796bf77013","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Picton, Harold D.","contributorId":75081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Picton","given":"Harold","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70232575,"text":"70232575 - 1978 - Fusion of granodiorite by basalt, central Sierra Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-07T14:35:21.660318","indexId":"70232575","displayToPublicDate":"1978-07-01T09:29:37","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fusion of granodiorite by basalt, central Sierra Nevada","docAbstract":"<p> A trachybasalt plug, 100 m in diameter, has partially fused inclusions and wallrock of porphyritic granodiorite near Tuolumne Meadows, Yosemite National Park, Calif. Granodiorite surrounding the plug was altered within distances of about 3.5 m. Within this distance, (1) trace amounts of glass occur along fractures and grain boundaries, (2) biotite has been altered from dark olive to dark reddish brown and contains bands of fine reddish iron oxide grains, and (3) optic axial angles of potassium feldspar decrease toward the contact. </p><p>As much as 20 volume percent of glass occurs in the granodiorite in a reentrant and in inclusions within the plug. Detailed study of two partially fused samples shows that, relative to unfused granodiorite, SiO<sub>2</sub> is clearly depleted in both samples, whereas K<sub>2</sub>O is depleted in one but not the other. Total iron, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, MgO, Na<sub>2</sub>O, and H<sub>2</sub>O show apparent increases in both samples; other constituents show no significant changes. Chemical analyses suggest that much original material was lost from the partially fused rocks, probably by mass migration of melt rather than by chemical diffusion. The composition of glasses now present in the partially fused rocks was dominated by melting of quartz and feldspars, whereas the composition of the early-formed \"lost\" melt was strongly influenced by subsolidus reaction and subsequent melting of biotite.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Dodge, F.C., and Calk, L.C., 1978, Fusion of granodiorite by basalt, central Sierra Nevada: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 6, no. 4, p. 459-465.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"459","endPage":"465","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403145,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403144,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1978/vol6issue4/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"central Sierra Nevada, Yosemite National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.267333984375,\n              37.60117623656667\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.98193359375,\n              37.60117623656667\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.98193359375,\n              38.62974534092597\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.267333984375,\n              38.62974534092597\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.267333984375,\n              37.60117623656667\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dodge, F. C. W.","contributorId":18755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodge","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"C. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Calk, L. C.","contributorId":54261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calk","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}