{"pageNumber":"3931","pageRowStart":"98250","pageSize":"25","recordCount":185143,"records":[{"id":70185368,"text":"70185368 - 1995 - Fluxes of water and solute in a coastal wetland sediment. l. The contribution of regional groundwater discharge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-07T14:35:33","indexId":"70185368","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluxes of water and solute in a coastal wetland sediment. l. The contribution of regional groundwater discharge","docAbstract":"<p><span>Upward discharge of fresh groundwater into a mid-Atlantic intertidal wetland contributed 62% of the water needed to replace evapotranspiration losses from the sediment during an 11 day period in September. Infiltration during flooding by tides provided most of the balance; thus there was a net advection of salt into the sediment. The amount of groundwater discharge was estimated from changes in water storage in the sediment, as inferred from measurements of hydraulic head made every 10 min. We argue that this approach is inherently more accurate than calculating the flux as the product of hydraulic conductivity and head gradient. Evapotranspiration was estimated from direct measurements of net radiation. On an annual time-scale, our results suggest that groundwater discharge at this site may exceed the evapotranspiration flux during months of reduced evapotranspiration. Should this occur, groundwater-driven advection would supplement diffusion, during flooding, in removing salt from the sediment.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(94)02561-O","usgsCitation":"Nuttle, W.K., and Harvey, J.W., 1995, Fluxes of water and solute in a coastal wetland sediment. l. The contribution of regional groundwater discharge: Journal of Hydrology, v. 164, no. 1-4, p. 89-107, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(94)02561-O.","productDescription":"19 p. ","startPage":"89","endPage":"107","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337929,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"164","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d23b96e4b0236b68f82951","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nuttle, William K.","contributorId":189603,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nuttle","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harvey, Judson W. 0000-0002-2654-9873 jwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":1796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","email":"jwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018938,"text":"70018938 - 1995 - Comparison of the petrography, palynology, and paleobotany of the Little Fire Creek coal bed, southwestern Virginia, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-12T16:40:04.112815","indexId":"70018938","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of the petrography, palynology, and paleobotany of the Little Fire Creek coal bed, southwestern Virginia, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"<p><span>Two continuous cores that penetrated the Lower Pennsylvanian Little Fire Creek coal bed in the Southwestern coal field in southwestern Virginia were sampled and X-ray radiographed to determine subunit distinctions. Comparison of petrographic, palynologic, and paleobotanic data from the same sample sets from the two cores allowed for comparison of compositional data within the Little Fire Creek coal bed. The proximate, petrographic, palynologic, and plant tissue data from two sets of samples indicate a high ash, gelocollinite- and liptinite-rich coal consisting of a relatively diverse paleoflora, including lycopsid trees, small lycopsids, tree ferns, small ferns, pteridosperms (seed ferns), and rare calamites and cordaites. The relatively very high ash yields (3–80 wt%), the relatively thin subunits (1–28 cm), and the large scale vertical variations in palynomorph floras suggest that the study area was at the edge of the paleopea-forming environment. As a result, most of the compositional correspondences are among those components indicative of degradation or decomposition.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0146-6380(95)90008-X","usgsCitation":"Pierce, B., Eble, C.F., and Stanton, R., 1995, Comparison of the petrography, palynology, and paleobotany of the Little Fire Creek coal bed, southwestern Virginia, U.S.A.: Organic Geochemistry, v. 22, no. 1, p. 51-71, https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(95)90008-X.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"71","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226715,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","county":"Lee County, Scott County","otherGeospatial":"southwestern Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-82.8775,36.8927],[-82.8705,36.8879],[-82.8674,36.8849],[-82.863,36.8768],[-82.8511,36.8699],[-82.8518,36.8645],[-82.8437,36.8579],[-82.8491,36.855],[-82.8494,36.8501],[-82.8454,36.8464],[-82.8353,36.8481],[-82.7796,36.8069],[-82.7697,36.7987],[-82.7679,36.7998],[-82.7683,36.8014],[-82.7693,36.8042],[-82.7697,36.806],[-82.7695,36.8077],[-82.7684,36.81],[-82.7677,36.8106],[-82.7659,36.8115],[-82.7551,36.8259],[-82.7479,36.8304],[-82.7409,36.83],[-82.7286,36.8291],[-82.7249,36.833],[-82.7221,36.8316],[-82.7227,36.8258],[-82.7144,36.8225],[-82.7064,36.8227],[-82.7032,36.8174],[-82.6988,36.8166],[-82.6923,36.8198],[-82.6898,36.822],[-82.6852,36.8247],[-82.6775,36.8335],[-82.6763,36.8343],[-82.6584,36.8442],[-82.6555,36.8483],[-82.6505,36.8616],[-82.6345,36.8783],[-82.6182,36.8806],[-82.5973,36.8811],[-82.5714,36.8816],[-82.5448,36.8822],[-82.5181,36.8828],[-82.4919,36.8834],[-82.4638,36.884],[-82.4377,36.8843],[-82.4038,36.8855],[-82.401,36.8855],[-82.3992,36.8814],[-82.4015,36.8795],[-82.4077,36.8779],[-82.3905,36.8434],[-82.3568,36.7797],[-82.3372,36.7218],[-82.3329,36.712],[-82.3216,36.685],[-82.303,36.6178],[-82.293,36.5959],[-82.4966,36.5947],[-82.6098,36.5944],[-82.7597,36.5941],[-82.8301,36.5942],[-82.9851,36.5941],[-83.021,36.5941],[-83.2538,36.5942],[-83.2742,36.6001],[-83.472,36.5975],[-83.4899,36.598],[-83.5926,36.5982],[-83.6245,36.5987],[-83.6477,36.6009],[-83.6748,36.6012],[-83.669,36.6071],[-83.6632,36.612],[-83.6562,36.6158],[-83.6515,36.6195],[-83.648,36.6229],[-83.6416,36.6253],[-83.6359,36.6261],[-83.6293,36.6273],[-83.6266,36.6278],[-83.6214,36.6295],[-83.6175,36.6312],[-83.6139,36.6339],[-83.6104,36.6369],[-83.6069,36.6383],[-83.6011,36.6401],[-83.5991,36.64],[-83.5921,36.6431],[-83.5798,36.6424],[-83.566,36.6483],[-83.5533,36.6525],[-83.5372,36.6586],[-83.5296,36.6648],[-83.4994,36.671],[-83.4979,36.6711],[-83.4939,36.6708],[-83.4893,36.6701],[-83.4841,36.6693],[-83.4788,36.6684],[-83.4777,36.6682],[-83.4702,36.6674],[-83.465,36.6668],[-83.4604,36.6668],[-83.4553,36.6677],[-83.4483,36.6688],[-83.4397,36.6696],[-83.4334,36.6693],[-83.4324,36.6693],[-83.4284,36.6693],[-83.425,36.6699],[-83.4221,36.67],[-83.4147,36.6716],[-83.408,36.6736],[-83.4034,36.6756],[-83.397,36.6789],[-83.3935,36.6823],[-83.3887,36.6855],[-83.3841,36.689],[-83.3784,36.6909],[-83.3707,36.6934],[-83.3638,36.6946],[-83.3506,36.699],[-83.3354,36.7041],[-83.3184,36.7083],[-83.3175,36.7085],[-83.2949,36.7138],[-83.2719,36.7194],[-83.2654,36.7209],[-83.2475,36.7256],[-83.2316,36.7301],[-83.2307,36.7303],[-83.2104,36.7358],[-83.2018,36.7379],[-83.1958,36.7393],[-83.1901,36.74],[-83.1816,36.7411],[-83.1695,36.7411],[-83.1586,36.7411],[-83.1494,36.7414],[-83.1448,36.7418],[-83.1413,36.7421],[-83.1374,36.7438],[-83.1354,36.7457],[-83.1327,36.7491],[-83.1301,36.7523],[-83.1283,36.7568],[-83.1281,36.7576],[-83.1293,36.7638],[-83.1306,36.7722],[-83.1309,36.7785],[-83.131,36.7787],[-83.1331,36.7822],[-83.1332,36.7838],[-83.1331,36.7845],[-83.1249,36.7867],[-83.1223,36.7883],[-83.1162,36.792],[-83.112,36.796],[-83.1102,36.7987],[-83.108,36.801],[-83.106,36.804],[-83.1032,36.8071],[-83.1015,36.8089],[-83.0995,36.8103],[-83.0982,36.8134],[-83.0977,36.8145],[-83.0973,36.8172],[-83.0968,36.8199],[-83.0974,36.8225],[-83.0975,36.8245],[-83.0978,36.8281],[-83.0977,36.8311],[-83.0958,36.8327],[-83.0941,36.8342],[-83.0876,36.8386],[-83.0834,36.8403],[-83.0801,36.8412],[-83.0772,36.8416],[-83.0749,36.8419],[-83.0732,36.8438],[-83.0728,36.8461],[-83.0729,36.8483],[-83.0724,36.8511],[-83.0699,36.8528],[-83.0676,36.8541],[-83.0647,36.8536],[-83.0599,36.8532],[-83.0521,36.8529],[-83.0484,36.8534],[-83.044,36.854],[-83.0382,36.8553],[-83.0324,36.8556],[-83.0278,36.8551],[-83.0262,36.8544],[-83.0261,36.8534],[-83.0246,36.8509],[-83.0203,36.8495],[-83.0128,36.8474],[-83.0067,36.847],[-83.0042,36.8505],[-83.004,36.8506],[-83.0034,36.8508],[-82.9989,36.8559],[-82.9853,36.859],[-82.9806,36.8586],[-82.9738,36.8589],[-82.9693,36.8595],[-82.9615,36.861],[-82.9511,36.8655],[-82.9324,36.8708],[-82.9244,36.8726],[-82.9193,36.8737],[-82.9152,36.8746],[-82.9124,36.8752],[-82.9092,36.8762],[-82.9073,36.8776],[-82.905,36.8793],[-82.9049,36.8794],[-82.8934,36.8815],[-82.885,36.8882],[-82.8837,36.8887],[-82.8799,36.891],[-82.8775,36.8927]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Lee\",\"state\":\"VA\"}}]}","volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f8b0e4b0c8380cd4d21f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pierce, Brenda","contributorId":29940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"Brenda","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eble, Cortland F.","contributorId":255518,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eble","given":"Cortland","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":51568,"text":"Kentucky Geological Survey, U. of Kentucky","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":381149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stanton, R.W.","contributorId":19164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018934,"text":"70018934 - 1995 - US Geological Survey research on the environmental fate of uranium mining and milling wastes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-03T14:35:20","indexId":"70018934","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"US Geological Survey research on the environmental fate of uranium mining and milling wastes","docAbstract":"Studies by the US Geological Survey (USGS) of uranium mill tailings (UMT) have focused on characterizing the forms in which radionuclides are retained and identifying factors influencing the release of radionuclides to air and water. Selective extraction studies and studies of radionuclide sorption by and leaching from components of UMT showed alkaline earth sulfate and hydrous ferric oxides to be important hosts of radium-226 (<sup>226</sup>Ra) in UMT. Extrapolating from studies of barite dissolution in anerobic lake sediments, the leaching of <sup>226</sup>Ra from UMT by sulfate-reducing bacteria was investigated; a marked increase in <sup>226</sup>Ra release to aqueous solution as compared to sterile controls was demonstrated. A similar action of iron(III)-reducing bacteria was later shown. Ion exchangers such as clay minerals can also promote the dissolution of host-phase minerals and thereby influence the fate of radionuclides such as <sup>226</sup>Ra. Radon release studies examined particle size and ore composition as variables. Aggregation of UMT particles was shown to mask the higher emanating fraction of finer particles. Studies of various ores and ore components showed that UMT cannot be assumed to have the same radon-release characteristics as their precursor ores, nor can <sup>226</sup>Ra retained by various substrates be assumed to emanate the same fraction of radon. Over the last decade, USGS research directed at offsite mobility of radionuclides from uranium mining and milling processes has focused on six areas: the Midnite Mine in Washington; Ralston Creek and Reservoir, Colorado; sites near Canon City, Colorado; the Monument Valley District of Arizona and Utah; the Cameron District of Arizona; and the Puerco River basin of Arizona and New Mexico.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00776028","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Landa, E.R., and Gray, J.R., 1995, US Geological Survey research on the environmental fate of uranium mining and milling wastes: Environmental Geology, v. 26, no. 1, p. 19-31, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00776028.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"31","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205768,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00776028"},{"id":226666,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbb50e4b08c986b32861f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landa, E. R.","contributorId":100002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landa","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gray, J. R.","contributorId":63372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018723,"text":"70018723 - 1995 - Jarosite-water oxygen and hydrogen isotope fractionations: preliminary experimental data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-03T17:00:20.343985","indexId":"70018723","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Jarosite-water oxygen and hydrogen isotope fractionations: preliminary experimental data","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.90.8.2336","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Rye, R.O., and Stoffregen, R., 1995, Jarosite-water oxygen and hydrogen isotope fractionations: preliminary experimental data: Economic Geology, v. 90, no. 8, p. 2336-2342, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.90.8.2336.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2336","endPage":"2342","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227314,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1995-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3fe8e4b0c8380cd648fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rye, R. O.","contributorId":66208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stoffregen, R.E.","contributorId":70417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoffregen","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019204,"text":"70019204 - 1995 - Rhenium-osmium concentration and isotope systematics in group IIAB iron meteorites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-19T12:18:58.400287","indexId":"70019204","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rhenium-osmium concentration and isotope systematics in group IIAB iron meteorites","docAbstract":"<p>Rhenium and osmium abundances, and osmium isotopic compositions were measured by negative thermal ionization mass spectrometry in thirty samples, including replicates, of five IIA and eight IIB iron meteorites. Concentrations in HA irons range from 4800 ppb Re and 66000 ppb Os (Negrillos) to 160 ppb Re and 800 ppb Os (Lombard). In the IIB subgroup, concentrations vary from 28 ppb Re and 180 ppb Os (Navajo) down to 0.8 ppb Re and 9 ppb Os (São Julião de Moreira and Santa Luzia). Log plots of Os vs. Re abundances for HA and IIB irons describe straight lines that approximately converge on Lombard, which has the lowest Re and Os abundances and highest<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>187</sup>Re/<sup>188</sup>Os measured in a IIA iron to date. The linear HA trend may be exactly reproduced by fractional crystallization with constant<span>&nbsp;</span><i>k</i><sub>Re</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>k</i><sub>Os</sub>, but is not well fitted using variable partition coefficients. The IIB iron trend, however, cannot be entirely explained by simple fractional crystallization. One explanation is that small amounts of Re and Os were added to the asteroid core during the final stages of crystallization. Another possibility is that diffusional enrichment of Os may have occurred in samples most depleted in Re and Os.</p><p>The combined Re-Os isotopic data for HA irons give the following results: slope = 0.07803 ± 0.00076; intercept = 0.09609 ± 0.00045; age = 4584 ± 43 Ma (neglecting the uncertainty in the decay constant of ±3%). Four IIB iron meteorites (Mount Joy, Central Missouri, DRPA 78009, Santa Luzia) also plot within the analytical uncertainty of the HA isochron. These results are consistent with rapid (probably &lt;50 Ma) core segregation, differentiation, and crystallization in the IIAB parent.</p><p>Several IIB irons (Navajo, Sandia Mountains, Smithsonian Iron, and perhaps São Julião de Moreira) lie beyond analytical uncertainty above the IIA iron isochron, averaging 8 ± 2% higher in<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>187</sup>Os/<sup>188</sup>Os. These irons may have crystallized significantly after the HA irons and Mount Joy, but only if the<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>187</sup>Re/<sup>188</sup>Os of the melt was ≥2.2. There is no evidence for a IIA iron crystallizing in equilibrium with a melt having such a high ratio. Alternatively, the osmium isotopic systematics of these irons may have been slightly disturbed long after crystallization at ca. 3.3 Ga ago.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(95)00109-D","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Morgan, J.W., Horan, M., Walker, R., and Grossman, J.N., 1995, Rhenium-osmium concentration and isotope systematics in group IIAB iron meteorites: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 59, no. 11, p. 2331-2344, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(95)00109-D.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2331","endPage":"2344","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226587,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aad35e4b0c8380cd86e5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morgan, J. W.","contributorId":92384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horan, M.F.","contributorId":75282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horan","given":"M.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walker, R.J.","contributorId":105859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grossman, J. N.","contributorId":41840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grossman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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This information has many potential uses: it can document successful management efforts so resource managers will know what has worked well; it can identify problems so managers can take early action to restore the resource in the most cost-efficient manner; and it can be used to highlight areas where additional research is needed, such as to determine why certain ecological changes are occurring. This report will also be useful to teachers, students, journalists, and citizens in general who are interested in national resource issues.</p><p>Another purpose of this report is to help identify gaps in existing resource inventory and monitoring programs. It contains information collected by a variety of existing research and monitoring efforts by scientists in the National Biological Service, other federal and state agencies, academia, and the private sector. The programs that produced the information in this document were not developed in a coordinated fashion to produce an integrated, comprehensive picture of the status and trends of our nation’s resources; rather, each was developed for its own particular purpose, usually to help manage a specific resource. Thus, even though articles vary greatly in scope, design, and purpose, this report has identified and attempted to combine many of the existing information sources into a broad picture of the condition of our resources. 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,{"id":70019088,"text":"70019088 - 1995 - Frequent outburst floods from South Tahoma Glacier, Mount Rainier, USA: Relation to debris flows, meteorological origin, and implications for subglacial hydrology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-07T00:05:13.060511","indexId":"70019088","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2328,"text":"Journal of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Frequent outburst floods from South Tahoma Glacier, Mount Rainier, USA: Relation to debris flows, meteorological origin, and implications for subglacial hydrology","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-content\"><div class=\"abstract\" data-abstract-type=\"normal\"><p>Destructive debris flows occur frequently at glacierized Mount Rainier volcano, Washington, U.S.A. Twenty-three such flows have occurred in the Tahoma Creek valley since 1967. Hydrologic and geomorphic evidence indicate that all or nearly all of these flows began as outburst floods from South Tahoma Glacier. Flood waters are stored subglacially. The volume of stored water discharged during a typical outburst flood would form a layer several centimeters thick over the bed of the entire glacier, although it is more likely that large linked cavities account for most of the storage. Statistical analysis shows that outburst floods usually occur during periods of atypically hot or rainy weather in summer or early autumn, and that the probability of an outburst increases with temperature (a proxy measure of ablation rate) or rainfall rate. We suggest than outburst floods are triggered by rapid water input to the glacier bed. causing water-pressure transients that destabilize the linked-cavity) system, The correlation between outburst Hoods and meteorological factors casts doubt on an earlier hypothesis that melting around geothermal vents triggers outburst floods from South Tahoma Glacier.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.3189/S0022143000017718","issn":"00221430","usgsCitation":"Walder, J.S., and Driedger, C.L., 1995, Frequent outburst floods from South Tahoma Glacier, Mount Rainier, USA: Relation to debris flows, meteorological origin, and implications for subglacial hydrology: Journal of Glaciology, v. 41, no. 137, p. 1-10, https://doi.org/10.3189/S0022143000017718.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480222,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000017718","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":226316,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","volume":"41","issue":"137","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a13d7e4b0c8380cd547dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walder, J. S.","contributorId":32561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walder","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Driedger, C. L.","contributorId":101656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driedger","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70134506,"text":"70134506 - 1995 - The impacts of mobile fishing gear on low topography benthic habitats in the Gulf of Maine (Northwest Atlantic): A preliminary report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-04T15:25:08","indexId":"70134506","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesNumber":"95/21","subseriesTitle":"Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization Scientific Council Research Document","title":"The impacts of mobile fishing gear on low topography benthic habitats in the Gulf of Maine (Northwest Atlantic): A preliminary report","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization","usgsCitation":"Auster, P.J., Malatesta, R.J., Langton, R.W., Watling, L., Shepard, A.N., and Babb, I.G., 1995, The impacts of mobile fishing gear on low topography benthic habitats in the Gulf of Maine (Northwest Atlantic): A preliminary report, 16 p.","productDescription":"16 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296374,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Maine","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -69.9169921875,\n              41.713930073371294\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.91748046874999,\n              42.593532625649935\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.357421875,\n              43.46089378008257\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.26953125,\n              44.10336537791152\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.214599609375,\n              44.34742225636393\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.884765625,\n              44.5278427984555\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.291259765625,\n              44.6061127451739\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.433837890625,\n              44.36313311380771\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.378662109375,\n              44.01652134387754\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.400390625,\n              43.59630591596548\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.81787109374999,\n              43.01268088642034\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.873046875,\n              41.713930073371294\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.9169921875,\n              41.713930073371294\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"547ee2d1e4b09357f05f8a72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Auster, Peter J.","contributorId":52907,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Auster","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Malatesta, Richard J.","contributorId":35252,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Malatesta","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Langton, Richard W.","contributorId":32462,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Langton","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Watling, Les","contributorId":54755,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Watling","given":"Les","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16143,"text":"University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shepard, Andrew N.","contributorId":87081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shepard","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Babb, Ivar G.","contributorId":12223,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Babb","given":"Ivar","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":13162,"text":"NOAA National Undersea Research Center, The University of Connecticut at Avery ","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70134376,"text":"70134376 - 1995 - Decadal and annual changes in biogenic opal and carbonate fluxes to the deep Sargasso Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-10T13:05:35","indexId":"70134376","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1369,"text":"Deep Sea Research Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Decadal and annual changes in biogenic opal and carbonate fluxes to the deep Sargasso Sea","docAbstract":"<p>Analyses of samples from a 14-year series of sediment-trap deployments in the deep Sargasso Sea reveal a significant trend in the ratio of the sinking fluxes of biogenic calcium carbonate and silica. Although there are pronounced seasonal cycles for both flux components, the overall opal/CaCO<sub>3</sub>&nbsp;ratio changed by 50% from 1978 to 1991 (largely due to a decrease of opal flux), while total flux had no significant trend. These results suggest that plankton communities respond rapidly to subtle climate change, such as is evident in regional variations of wind speed, precipitation, wintertime ventilation and midwater temperatures. If the trends we observe in the makeup of sinking particulate matter occur on a large scale, they may in turn modify climate by modulating ocean-atmosphere CO<sub>2</sub>&nbsp;exchange and albedo over the ocean.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0967-0637(95)00093-3","usgsCitation":"Deuser, W., Jickells, T., and Commeau, J.A., 1995, Decadal and annual changes in biogenic opal and carbonate fluxes to the deep Sargasso Sea: Deep Sea Research Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers, v. 42, no. 11-12, p. 1923-1932, https://doi.org/10.1016/0967-0637(95)00093-3.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1923","endPage":"1932","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296315,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Sargasso Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.234375,\n              19.31114335506464\n            ],\n            [\n              -43.59375,\n              19.31114335506464\n            ],\n            [\n              -43.59375,\n              32.84267363195431\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.234375,\n              32.84267363195431\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.234375,\n              19.31114335506464\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"11-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5475a82fe4b08250614204ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Deuser, W.G.","contributorId":17361,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deuser","given":"W.G.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6706,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jickells, T.D.","contributorId":36014,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jickells","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":525959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Commeau, Judith A.","contributorId":32137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Commeau","given":"Judith","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70133674,"text":"70133674 - 1995 - Radiocarbon ages of pre-bomb clams and the hard-water effect in Lakes Michigan and Huron","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T10:01:54","indexId":"70133674","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2411,"text":"Journal of Paleolimnology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radiocarbon ages of pre-bomb clams and the hard-water effect in Lakes Michigan and Huron","docAbstract":"<p>Five radiocarbon ages, all determined by accelerator mass spectrometry, have been obtained for two pre-bomb bivalves from Lake Michigan and one from Lake Huron. After correcting those ages for the fractionation of<span class=\"a-plus-plus\">14</span>C in calcite and for the radioactively inert CO<span class=\"a-plus-plus\">2</span>&nbsp;in the atmosphere, we find residual ages, caused by the hard water effect, of about 250 years for Lake Michigan and 440 years for Lake Huron.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00682596","usgsCitation":"Rea, D.K., and Colman, S.M., 1995, Radiocarbon ages of pre-bomb clams and the hard-water effect in Lakes Michigan and Huron: Journal of Paleolimnology, v. 14, p. 89-91, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00682596.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"91","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480193,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository 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,{"id":70134517,"text":"70134517 - 1995 - Morpholoy and stratal geometry of the Anarctic continental shelf: insights from models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T12:10:27","indexId":"70134517","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"seriesNumber":"68","subseriesTitle":"Antarctic Research Series","title":"Morpholoy and stratal geometry of the Anarctic continental shelf: insights from models","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology and seismic stratigraphy of the Anarctic margin","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","usgsCitation":"ten Brink, U., Schneider, C., and Johnson, A.H., 1995, Morpholoy and stratal geometry of the Anarctic continental shelf: insights from models, chap. <i>of</i> Geology and seismic stratigraphy of the Anarctic margin, p. 1-24.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"24","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296382,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctic","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"547ee2cce4b09357f05f8a61","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Cooper, Alan K. acooper@usgs.gov","contributorId":2854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"Alan","email":"acooper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526107,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barker, Peter F.","contributorId":92167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barker","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526108,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brancolini, Giuliano","contributorId":29150,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brancolini","given":"Giuliano","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526109,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schneider, Christopher","contributorId":41504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Aaron H.","contributorId":46971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70178295,"text":"70178295 - 1995 - Determination of waterborne bioavailable organochlorine pesticide residues in the Lower Missouri River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-26T14:40:27","indexId":"70178295","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of waterborne bioavailable organochlorine pesticide residues in the Lower Missouri River","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es00010a016","usgsCitation":"Petty, J.D., Huckins, J.N., Orazio, C.E., Lebo, J.A., Poulton, B.C., Gale, R.W., Charbonneau, C.S., and Kaiser, E.M., 1995, Determination of waterborne bioavailable organochlorine pesticide residues in the Lower Missouri River: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 29, no. 10, p. 2561-2566, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00010a016.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"2561","endPage":"2566","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330946,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58259565e4b01fad86db243d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petty, Jimmie D.","contributorId":175402,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petty","given":"Jimmie","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huckins, James N.","contributorId":83454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huckins","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":653548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Orazio, Carl E. 0000-0002-2532-9668 corazio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2532-9668","contributorId":1366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orazio","given":"Carl","email":"corazio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lebo, Jon A.","contributorId":176696,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lebo","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Poulton, Barry C. 0000-0002-7219-4911 bpoulton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7219-4911","contributorId":2421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poulton","given":"Barry","email":"bpoulton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gale, Robert W. 0000-0002-8533-141X rgale@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8533-141X","contributorId":2808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gale","given":"Robert","email":"rgale@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Charbonneau, Collette S.","contributorId":175328,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Charbonneau","given":"Collette","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kaiser, Edwin M.","contributorId":176808,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaiser","given":"Edwin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70134359,"text":"70134359 - 1995 - Rift flank segmentation, basin initiation and propagation: a neotectonic example from Lake Baikal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-04T13:59:17","indexId":"70134359","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2545,"text":"Journal of the Geological Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rift flank segmentation, basin initiation and propagation: a neotectonic example from Lake Baikal","docAbstract":"<p>New surficial data (field, Landsat TM and topography) define morpho-tectonic domains and rift flank segmentation in the Ol'khon region of the Central Baikal rift. Deformation, drainage and depositional patterns indicate a change in the locus of active extension that may relate to a recent (&lt;l Ma) change in the kinematics of the Siberian plate boundary. The westwards migration of the border fault location has broadened the rift with concomitant shifts in depocentres. Within the hanging wall of the new western border fault, distinct segments control the location of drainage paths and syn-rift deposits. Morphology, sediment thicknesses and fault scarp amplitude indicate that a segmented rift flank graben has propagated southwards along the rift flank and is still actively fragmenting. These surficial data are used to constrain a model for the time-dependent topographic variations during progressive subsidence along a rift flank, involving the transfer of footwall units to hanging-wall domains. Rapid changes in border fault footwall relief in this model are associated with change in the active border fault location with widespread mass-wasting. The model shows that time-dependent histories need to be integrated with flexural uplift models for active normal faults. The active, syn-rift depositional systems of the Ol'khon region provide a valuable analogue for the early evolution of continental margins and the structural controls on syn-rift hydrocarbon sources and reservoirs.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of London","doi":"10.1144/gsjgs.152.5.0849","usgsCitation":"Agar, S.M., and Klitgord, K.D., 1995, Rift flank segmentation, basin initiation and propagation: a neotectonic example from Lake Baikal: Journal of the Geological Society, p. 849-860, https://doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.152.5.0849.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"849","endPage":"860","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296312,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia","state":"Siberia","otherGeospatial":"Lake Baikal","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5475a83de4b08250614204f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Agar, Susan M.","contributorId":13255,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Agar","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":25254,"text":"Northwestern University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klitgord, Kim D.","contributorId":82307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klitgord","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70133664,"text":"70133664 - 1995 - Stratigraphic and palaeoenvironmental summary of the south-east Georgia embayment: a correlation of exploratory wells","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-18T12:03:59","indexId":"70133664","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stratigraphic and palaeoenvironmental summary of the south-east Georgia embayment: a correlation of exploratory wells","docAbstract":"<p>A Continental Offshore Stratigraphic Test (COST) well and six exploratory wells have been drilled in the south-east Georgia embayment. The oldest rocks penetrated are weakly metamorphosed Lower Ordovician quartz arenites and Silurian shales and argillites in the Transco 1005-1 well and Upper Devonian argillites in the COST GE-1 well. These marine strata, which are equivalent to the Tippecanoe sequence in Florida, underlie the post-rift unconformity and represent part of a disjunct fragment of Gondwana that was sutured to the North American craton during the late Palaeozoic Alleghanian orogeny. The Palaeozoic strata are unconformably overlain by interbedded non-marine Jurassic (Bajocian and younger) sandstones and shales and marginal marine Lower Cretaceous sandstones, calcareous shales and carbonates, which contain scattered beds of coal and evaporite. Together, these rocks are stratigraphically equivalent to the onshore Fort Pierce and Cotton Valley(?) Formations and rocks of the Lower Cretaceous Comanchean Provincial Series. The abundance of carbonates and evaporites in this interval, which reflects marine influences within the embayment, increases upwards, eastwards and southwards. The Upper Cretaceous part of the section is composed mainly of neritic calcareous shales and shaley limestones stratigraphically equivalent to the primarily marginal marine facies of the onshore Atkinson, Cape Fear and Middendorf Formations and Black Creek Group, and to limestones and shales of the Lawson Limestone and Peedee Formations. Cenozoic strata are primarily semiconsolidated marine carbonates. Palaeocene to middle Eocene strata are commonly cherty; middle Miocene to Pliocene strata are massive and locally phosphatic and glauconitic; Quaternary sediments are dominated by unconsolidated carbonate sands. The effects of eustatic changes and shifts in the palaeocirculation are recorded in the Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary strata.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0264-8172(95)98092-J","usgsCitation":"Poppe, L., Popenoe, P., Poag, C.W., and Swift, B.A., 1995, Stratigraphic and palaeoenvironmental summary of the south-east Georgia embayment: a correlation of exploratory wells: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 12, no. 6, p. 677-680, https://doi.org/10.1016/0264-8172(95)98092-J.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"677","endPage":"680","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296160,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","volume":"12","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"546c762ce4b0f4a3478a619e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poppe, Lawrence J. lpoppe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"Lawrence J.","email":"lpoppe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Popenoe, Peter","contributorId":62206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Popenoe","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poag, C. Wylie 0000-0002-6240-4065 wpoag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6240-4065","contributorId":2565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poag","given":"C.","email":"wpoag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Wylie","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swift, B. Ann","contributorId":92685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swift","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70186250,"text":"70186250 - 1995 - A remote sensing based vegetation classification logic for global land cover analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T11:25:34","indexId":"70186250","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A remote sensing based vegetation classification logic for global land cover analysis","docAbstract":"<p><span>This article proposes a simple new logic for classifying global vegetation. The critical features of this classification are that 1) it is based on simple, observable, unambiguous characteristics of vegetation structure that are important to ecosystem biogeochemistry and can be measured in the field for validation, 2) the structural characteristics are remotely sensible so that repeatable and efficient global reclassifications of existing vegetation will be possible, and 3) the defined vegetation classes directly translate into the biophysical parameters of interest by global climate and biogeochemical models. A first test of this logic for the continental United States is presented based on an existing 1 km AVHRR normalized difference vegetation index database. Procedures for solving critical remote sensing problems needed to implement the classification are discussed. Also, some inferences from this classification to advanced vegetation biophysical variables such as specific leaf area and photosynthetic capacity useful to global biogeochemical modeling are suggested.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0034-4257(94)00063-S","usgsCitation":"Running, S.W., Loveland, T.R., Pierce, L.L., Nemani, R., and Hunt, E.R., 1995, A remote sensing based vegetation classification logic for global land cover analysis: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 51, no. 1, p. 39-48, https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-4257(94)00063-S.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"48","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339019,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e35f8fe4b09da67997ece2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Running, Steven W. 0000-0001-6906-3841","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6906-3841","contributorId":53258,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Running","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":7089,"text":"University of Montana, Missoula, MT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":688006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646 loveland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":140256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas","email":"loveland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":688007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pierce, Lars L.","contributorId":190275,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pierce","given":"Lars","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nemani, R.R.","contributorId":51133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nemani","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hunt, E. Raymond Jr.","contributorId":60557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"Raymond","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70184677,"text":"70184677 - 1995 - Characteristics of vegetation phenology over the Alaskan landscape using AVHRR time-series data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-20T11:10:06","indexId":"70184677","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3095,"text":"Polar Record","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characteristics of vegetation phenology over the Alaskan landscape using AVHRR time-series data","docAbstract":"<div class=\"row\"><div class=\"large-10 medium-10 small-12 columns\"><div class=\"description\"><div class=\"abstract\" data-abstract-type=\"normal\"><p>Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) satellite data were acquired and composited into twice-a-month periods from 1 May 1991 to 15 October 1991 in order to map vegetation characteristics of the Alaskan landscape. Unique spatial and temporal qualities of the AVHRR data provide information that leads to a better understanding of regional biophysical characteristics of vegetation communities and patterns. These data provided synoptic views of the landscape and depicted phenological diversity, temporal vegetation phenology (green-up, peak of green, and senescence), photosynthetic activity, and regional landscape patterns. Products generated from the data included a phenological class map, phenological composite maps (onset, peak, and duration), and photosynthetic activity maps (mean and maximum greenness). The time-series data provide opportunities to study phenological processes at small landscape scales over time periods of weeks, months, and years. Regional patterns identified on some of the maps are unique to specific areas; others correspond to biophysical or ecoregional boundaries. The data provide new insights to landscape processes, ecology, and landscape physiognomy that allow scientists to look at landscapes in ways that were previously difficult to achieve.</p></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/S0032247400013681","usgsCitation":"Markon, C.J., Fleming, M.D., and Binnian, E.F., 1995, Characteristics of vegetation phenology over the Alaskan landscape using AVHRR time-series data: Polar Record, v. 31, no. 177, p. 179-190, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0032247400013681.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"179","endPage":"190","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337396,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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 \"}}]}","volume":"31","issue":"177","tableOfContents":"<p><br></p>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-10-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c950e4b0f37a93ee9b7c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markon, Carl J. markon@usgs.gov","contributorId":2499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markon","given":"Carl","email":"markon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fleming, Michael D.","contributorId":98816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Binnian, Emily F.","contributorId":34090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Binnian","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70133660,"text":"70133660 - 1995 - Velocities of southern Basin and Range xenoliths: Insights on the nature of lower crustal reflectivity and composition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-21T22:29:06.363236","indexId":"70133660","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Velocities of southern Basin and Range xenoliths: Insights on the nature of lower crustal reflectivity and composition","docAbstract":"<div id=\"15576312\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>To reconcile differences between the assessments of crustal composition in the southern Basin and Range province on the basis of seismic refraction and reflection data and lower-crustal xenoliths, we measured velocities of xenoliths from the Cima volcanic field in southern California. Lower-crustal samples studied included gabbro, microgabbro, and pyroxenite. We find that the mafic xenolith velocities are compatible with regional in situ measurements from seismic refraction studies, provided that a mixture of gabbro and pyroxenite is present in the lower crust. Supporting this model are observations that many of the lower-crustal xenoliths from the Cima volcanic field are composites of these rock types, with igneous contacts. Vertical incidence synthetic seismograms show that a gabbroic lower crust with occasional pyroxenite layering can produce a reflective lower crust that is similar in texture to that shown by seismic reflection data recorded nearby.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<0129:VOSBAR>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Parsons, T.E., Christensen, N.I., and Wilshire, H.G., 1995, Velocities of southern Basin and Range xenoliths: Insights on the nature of lower crustal reflectivity and composition: Geology, v. 23, no. 2, p. 129-132, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<0129:VOSBAR>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"132","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296157,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"546c7640e4b0f4a3478a61f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsons, Thomas E. 0000-0002-0582-4338 tparsons@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0582-4338","contributorId":2314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"Thomas","email":"tparsons@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christensen, Nikolas I.","contributorId":95927,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"Nikolas","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":7001,"text":"Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilshire, Howard G.","contributorId":68346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilshire","given":"Howard","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":525353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70171331,"text":"70171331 - 1995 - Comparison of flank margin cave development on San Salvador island, Bahamas, and Isla de Mona, Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-02T10:24:44","indexId":"70171331","displayToPublicDate":"1994-06-16T14:30:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Comparison of flank margin cave development on San Salvador island, Bahamas, and Isla de Mona, Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"<p>San Salvador Island, Bahamas is a 161 Km2 tectonically stable late Quaternary carbonate island located 600 km east-southeast of Miami FL. San Salvador contains numerous flank margin caves (phreatic karst features) that developed primarily in late Pleistocene eolianites. These caves developed during a short time in versy small fresh-water lenses. Cave elevations and Uranium-series ages from stalagmites indicate that all currently subaerial flank margin caves developed during the last interglacial seal-level highstand that was 6 m above current mean seal level 125,000 years ago (oxygen isotope substage 5e), which lasted no more than 14,000 years. The caves were formed by dissolution in the mixing zone at the margin of a freshwater lens that was elevated by the substage 5e highstand, and which resided within the small emergent portions of eolianite ridges. The flank margin caves have chambers with volumes greater than 1000 m3 on San Salvador; on other Bahamian islands, chambers as large as 14,000 m3 are known.</p>\n<p>Isla de Mona is 55km2, uplifted Late Miiocene-Pleistocene carbonate platform located in the Mona Passage 60 km west of Puerto Rico. Most of the island has 40 to 80 m high vertical cliffs to the sea which contain numerous flank margin caves at various elevations. A few cave chambers have volumes in excess of 100,000 m3. Paleomagnetic reversals observed in cave deposits and speleothems indicate the caves are at lease 780,000 years old as pre-Pleistocene. This age indicates that the caves may have developed in a stable, freshwater lens prior to Pleistocene glacio-eustasy, and have been subsequently tectonically elevated to their current position. The great size of the flank margin caves indicate mixing-zone dissolution in a large freshwater lens over an extended period of time.</p>\n<p>Flank margin caves in Isla de Mona, and some in the Bahamas contain evidence of two cycles of dissolution, in that speleothems and the cave wall rock to which they are attached show evidence on contemporaneous phreatic dissolution. In the Bahamas, the cause is most likely a minor change in sea level during the last interglacial highstand which caused a brief period of emergence, during which the subaerial speleothems grew, followed by re-submergence and dissolution. On Isla de Monta either tectonic motion, or the onset of glacio-eustasy, created the conditions that caused renewed phreatic dissolution after a period of subaerial exposure and speleothem precipitation.&nbsp;</p>\n<p>Despite differences in rock age and geologic setting, both San Salvador and Isla do Mona show evidence of re-invasion of the flank margin caves by dissolutionally aggressive water following a vadose interval. The flank margin caves have very similar morphologies and characteristics, and the only major difference is attrutable to the larger lens size and the longer duration of stable lens position on Isla de Mona. The data indicate that dissolution occurs rapidly in these environments, and despite the development of large voids, the same geochemical environment can be re-established after an emergence episode.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceeding of the 7th Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"7th Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas","conferenceDate":"June 1994","conferenceLocation":"San Salvador, Bahamas","language":"English","publisher":"Bahamian Field Station","publisherLocation":"San Salvador, Bahamas","usgsCitation":"Mylroie, J., Carew, J., Frank, E., and Larsen, M.C., 1995, Comparison of flank margin cave development on San Salvador island, Bahamas, and Isla de Mona, Puerto Rico, <i>in</i> Proceeding of the 7th Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas, San Salvador, Bahamas, June 1994, p. 49-81.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"81","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":322014,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57500736e4b0ee97d51bb3d6","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Boardman, M.","contributorId":169977,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boardman","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631686,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Mylroie, J.","contributorId":41615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mylroie","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carew, J.L.","contributorId":6214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carew","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frank, E.F.","contributorId":72959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frank","given":"E.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Larsen, Matthew C. mclarsen@usgs.gov","contributorId":1568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"Matthew","email":"mclarsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":631258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70133638,"text":"70133638 - 1995 - USGS coastal studies in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-18T10:04:24","indexId":"70133638","displayToPublicDate":"1994-06-14T14:30:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"USGS coastal studies in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northeastern Gulf of Mexico physical oceanography workshop: proceedings of a workshop held in Tallahassee, Florida, April 5-7, 1994","conferenceTitle":"Northeastern Gulf of Mexico physical oceanography workshop","conferenceDate":"April 5-7, 1994","conferenceLocation":"Tallahassee, Florida","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior","usgsCitation":"Gelfenbaum, G.R., 1995, USGS coastal studies in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico, <i>in</i> Northeastern Gulf of Mexico physical oceanography workshop: proceedings of a workshop held in Tallahassee, Florida, April 5-7, 1994, Tallahassee, Florida, April 5-7, 1994, p. 50-53.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"50","endPage":"53","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296142,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"546c763ae4b0f4a3478a61c9","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Clarke, Allan J.","contributorId":127472,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clarke","given":"Allan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":525330,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Gelfenbaum, Guy R. 0000-0003-1291-6107 ggelfenbaum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1291-6107","contributorId":742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfenbaum","given":"Guy","email":"ggelfenbaum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5323,"text":"fs00895 - 1995 - United States Geological Survey, programs in Delaware","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:42","indexId":"fs00895","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"008-95","title":"United States Geological Survey, programs in Delaware","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"The Survey,","doi":"10.3133/fs00895","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1995, United States Geological Survey, programs in Delaware: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 008-95, 3 p. : ill., map ; 28 cm. ill., map ;, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs00895.","productDescription":"3 p. : ill., map ; 28 cm. ill., map ;","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":375,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/wid/html/de.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":117447,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1995/0008/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":32022,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1995/0008/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f56e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":47862,"text":"fs21395 - 1995 - Seasonal/yearly salinity variations in San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-07T10:58:55","indexId":"fs21395","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"213-95","title":"Seasonal/yearly salinity variations in San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"<p>The ability of resource agencies to manage fish, wildlife and freshwater supplies of San Francisco Bay estuary requires an integrated knowledge of the relations between the biota and their physical environment. A key factor in these relations is the role of salinity in determining both the physical and the biological character of the estuary. The saltiness of the water, and particularly its seasonal and interannual patterns of variability, affects which aquatic species live where within the estuary. Salinity also determines where water can and cannot be diverted for human consumption and irrigated agriculture, and plays a role in determining the capacity of the estuary to cleanse itself of wastes. In short, salinity is a fundamental property of estuarine physics and chemistry that, in turn, determines the biological characteristics of each estuary. Freshwater is a major control on estuarine salinity. Most freshwater supplied to the Bay is from river flow through the Delta, which is primarily runoff from the Sierra Nevada. Most contaminants in San Francisco Bay are from the Sacramento/San Joaquin Valley and the local watershed around the Bay rather than the sea or atmosphere. Land is the primary source of freshwater and freshwater serves as a tracer of land-derived substances such as the trace metals (copper, lead and selenium), pesticides and plant nutrients (nitrate and phosphate). The U.S. Geological Survey is collaborating with other agencies and institutions in studying San Francisco Bay salinity using field observations and numerical simulations to define the physical processes that control salinity. The issues that arise from salinity fluctuations, however, differ in the northern and southern parts of the bay. In North Bay we need to know how salinity responds to freshwater flow through the Sacramento/San Joaquin Delta; this knowledge will benefit water managers who determine how much delta flow is needed a) to protect freshwater supplies for municipal water use and b) modulate salinity for a healthy estuary. In South Bay we need to know where the freshwater comes from (the distant Delta or local streams) to sort out the sources of a) contamination or b) dilution.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs21395","usgsCitation":"Peterson, D., Cayan, D.R., Dettinger, M., DiLeo, J.S., Hager, S.E., Knowles, N., Nichols, F.H., Schemel, L.E., Smith, R.E., and Uncles, R.J., 1995, Seasonal/yearly salinity variations in San Francisco Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 213-95, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs21395.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123509,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_213_95.jpg"},{"id":4060,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://sfbay.wr.usgs.gov/hydroclimate/sal_variations/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco ","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay ","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.54974365234374,\n              37.42906945530332\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.57745361328125,\n              37.42906945530332\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.57745361328125,\n              38.20365531807149\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.54974365234374,\n              38.20365531807149\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.54974365234374,\n              37.42906945530332\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a48e4b07f02db623747","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, David H.","contributorId":82776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"David H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cayan, Daniel R. 0000-0002-2719-6811 drcayan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2719-6811","contributorId":1494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cayan","given":"Daniel","email":"drcayan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dettinger, Michael D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":31743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettinger","given":"Michael D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DiLeo, Jeanne Sandra","contributorId":101515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DiLeo","given":"Jeanne","email":"","middleInitial":"Sandra","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hager, Stephen E.","contributorId":34774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hager","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Knowles, Noah 0000-0001-5652-1049 nknowles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-1049","contributorId":1380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knowles","given":"Noah","email":"nknowles@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - 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,{"id":49754,"text":"ofr95840 - 1995 - West-Central Florida Coastal Studies Workshop","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-19T17:48:50","indexId":"ofr95840","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-840","title":"West-Central Florida Coastal Studies Workshop","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr95840","usgsCitation":"1995, West-Central Florida Coastal Studies Workshop: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-840, 125 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95840.","productDescription":"125 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":176223,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67ad61","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Gelfenbaum, Guy R. 0000-0003-1291-6107 ggelfenbaum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1291-6107","contributorId":742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfenbaum","given":"Guy","email":"ggelfenbaum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745667,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":49751,"text":"ofr95677 - 1995 - Results of Geochemical and Biogeochemical Surveys Near the Dixie Valley Known Geothermal Resource Area, Northern Dixie Valley, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:11","indexId":"ofr95677","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-677","title":"Results of Geochemical and Biogeochemical Surveys Near the Dixie Valley Known Geothermal Resource Area, Northern Dixie Valley, Nevada","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr95677","usgsCitation":"Hinkle, M., and Erdman, J.A., 1995, Results of Geochemical and Biogeochemical Surveys Near the Dixie Valley Known Geothermal Resource Area, Northern Dixie Valley, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-677, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95677.","productDescription":"39 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":176221,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db6254c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinkle, Margaret","contributorId":36918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkle","given":"Margaret","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":240187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Erdman, James A.","contributorId":37748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erdman","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":240188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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