No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geological Institute","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.65.8.1004","usgsCitation":"Desborough, G.A., and Sainsbury, C., 1970, Cassiterite as an exsolution product in magnetite, Lost River tin mine, Alaska: Economic Geology, v. 65, no. 8, p. 1004-1006, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.65.8.1004.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1004","endPage":"1006","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":391682,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Lost River tin mine, Seward Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -166.9379425048828,\n 65.42244359017367\n ],\n [\n -166.83116912841797,\n 65.42244359017367\n ],\n [\n -166.83116912841797,\n 65.44799167917684\n ],\n [\n -166.9379425048828,\n 65.44799167917684\n ],\n [\n -166.9379425048828,\n 65.42244359017367\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"65","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1970-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Desborough, George A.","contributorId":101661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Desborough","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":826695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sainsbury, C.L.","contributorId":99968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sainsbury","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":826696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70226539,"text":"70226539 - 1970 - Eocene age of the Adak ‘Paleozoic (?)’ rocks, Aleutian Islands, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-23T14:40:46.622797","indexId":"70226539","displayToPublicDate":"1970-12-01T08:23:39","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5935,"text":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Eocene age of the Adak ‘Paleozoic (?)’ rocks, Aleutian Islands, Alaska","docAbstract":"In 1948, several specimens identified as the plant genus Annularia, a primitive horsetail of Pennsylvanian or Permian age, were found in tuffaceous sandstone exposed near the northern end of Adak Island, Alaska. These beds form the basal part of the Andrew Lake Formation, a newly named sequence of marine sedimentary rocks that is more than 850 m thick, and, in the main, consists of northwest-dipping tuffaceous sandstone, siltstone, shale, and siliceous siltstone and shale interbedded with basaltic flows or penecontemporaneous(?) sills (or both) a few tens of meters thick. This formation rests depositionally(?) on the Finger Bay Volcanics, the massive and intensely altered andesitic and basaltic flows and pyroclastic rocks that form the bulk of Adak Island.
Mollusks, foraminifers, sponge spicules, and fish scales and skeletal remains occur in the lower 350 m of the section immediately overlying the basal “Annularia”-bearing beds. Included in this fauna is the pecten Pro-peamussium (cf. P. stanfordensis Arnold), of probable Eocene age; the associated foraminiferal fauna is provincially considered to be of late Eocene (Narizian) age, and the fish scales are similar to those found in the Narizian and Refugian (Eocene and Oligocene) of California. Examination of the matrix surrounding specimens of “Annularia” revealed a substantial dinoflagellate flora—establishing that the “Annularia”-bearing beds are themselves marine units of middle or late Eocene age.
The Andrew Lake Formation probably accumulated in a perched basin along the crestal region of an early Tertiary Aleutian ridge. Accordingly, there is no evidence for a Paleozoic Aleutian ridge. There is only scant evidence that the ridge existed in Mesozoic time.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1970)81[3583:EAOTAP]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Scholl, D.W., Greene, H., and Marlow, M.S., 1970, Eocene age of the Adak ‘Paleozoic (?)’ rocks, Aleutian Islands, Alaska: Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, v. 81, no. 12, p. 3583-3591, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1970)81[3583:EAOTAP]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"3583","endPage":"3591","costCenters":[{"id":645,"text":"Western Coastal and Marine Geology","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":392045,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Adak Island, Aleutian Islands, Andrew Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -176.7267608642578,\n 51.79545189800759\n ],\n [\n -176.57844543457028,\n 51.8557147498621\n ],\n [\n -176.58668518066406,\n 51.86207583664755\n ],\n [\n -176.6168975830078,\n 51.85698703916729\n ],\n [\n -176.65054321289062,\n 51.85529064543267\n ],\n [\n -176.62994384765625,\n 51.85995557431279\n ],\n [\n -176.62376403808594,\n 51.866740062051775\n ],\n [\n -176.61827087402344,\n 51.89895240691636\n ],\n [\n -176.572265625,\n 51.91081429480403\n ],\n [\n -176.5509796142578,\n 51.90530737927636\n ],\n [\n -176.53518676757812,\n 51.927754415373855\n ],\n [\n -176.56539916992188,\n 51.9493437994359\n ],\n [\n -176.5496063232422,\n 51.96584631886286\n ],\n [\n -176.5550994873047,\n 51.9979876241961\n ],\n [\n -176.58531188964844,\n 52.005173970555695\n ],\n [\n -176.6210174560547,\n 51.99587377334005\n ],\n [\n -176.6333770751953,\n 51.98022817480167\n ],\n [\n -176.63475036621094,\n 51.96330786509095\n ],\n [\n -176.66427612304688,\n 51.956961101676114\n ],\n [\n -176.73568725585935,\n 51.973460817611695\n ],\n [\n -176.759033203125,\n 51.96669243817262\n ],\n [\n -176.7707061767578,\n 51.96965372996562\n ],\n [\n -176.79336547851562,\n 51.96203858429277\n ],\n [\n -176.81671142578125,\n 51.93029488216276\n ],\n [\n -176.8022918701172,\n 51.90361280788357\n ],\n [\n -176.7748260498047,\n 51.887934991741986\n ],\n [\n -176.7665863037109,\n 51.868436024111126\n ],\n [\n -176.79542541503906,\n 51.84426252720166\n ],\n [\n -176.78306579589844,\n 51.8166804081913\n ],\n [\n -176.76109313964844,\n 51.798424491278745\n ],\n [\n -176.7267608642578,\n 51.79545189800759\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"81","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scholl, David W. 0000-0001-6500-6962 dscholl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6500-6962","contributorId":3738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"David","email":"dscholl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":827284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Greene, H. Gary","contributorId":38958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"H. Gary","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":827285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marlow, Michael S.","contributorId":72775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marlow","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70226160,"text":"70226160 - 1970 - Graptolite succession across the Ordovician–Silurian boundary in south-eastern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-15T14:03:48.567554","indexId":"70226160","displayToPublicDate":"1970-12-01T07:53:23","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2545,"text":"Journal of the Geological Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Graptolite succession across the Ordovician–Silurian boundary in south-eastern Alaska","docAbstract":"The first discovery in North America of a succession of graptolite faunas across the Ordovician–Silurian boundary has been made on Esquibel Island, in south-eastern Alaska, where five graptolite zones are represented in an 18 m interval of shale in the Descon Formation. Despite the thinness of the graptolite zones, no stratigraphical breaks can be inferred from more complete graptolite successions known elsewhere. The Alaskan faunas can be closely correlated with those of the standard British zones—the Dicellograptus anceps Zone (uppermost Ordovician), the Glyptograptus persculptus Zone (lowermost Silurian) and the immediately overlying Akidograptus acuminatus, Orthograptus vesiculosus and Monograptus cyphus Zones of the Lower Silurian. They thus give evidence of the cosmopolitan distribution of graptolite faunas during latest Ordovician and earliest Silurian time.
The Uralides—the late Precambrian and Paleozoic orogenic terrane between the Russian and Siberian Platforms—in part are exposed in the Ural Mountains, in the central Soviet Arctic, along the west edge of the Siberian Platform, and in southern Siberia and Kazakhstan, and in part are buried beneath the fill of the West Siberian Lowlands and other basins. Paleomagnetic orientations suggest that the Russian and Siberian Platforms were far apart during the early Paleozoic, converged during the middle Paleozoic, and collided in the Permian or Triassic. The geology of the Uralides accords with the concept that the two subcontinents approached and collided as the intervening oceanic plate slid beneath them along subduction (Benioff) zones.
The medial eugeosyncline of the Uralides consists largely of what may be oceanic material scraped off against the edges of the opposed subcontinents. Basalt-and-spilite belts may represent ocean-floor abyssal tholeiite, and the manganiferous cherts and other sediments upon them may be pelagic oozes. Andesite belts may have formed as island arcs within the ocean, swept subsequently against the continents. Fossil subduction zones are recorded by great faults soled by, or containing tectonic injections of, mafic and ultramafic rocks from the lower oceanic crust and upper mantle, and containing high-pressure metamorphic rocks. Granitic and silicic-volcanic rocks may have formed above the subduction zones in the accreted parts of the continental plates. Both these continental-margin magmatic rocks and the island-arc complexes display ratios of potassium to silicon that vary across strike and so indicate the directions of dip of the subduction zones.
From the distribution of such indicators of various ages, a history of the continental margins can be deduced. An active subduction zone dipped beneath the Siberian Platform during at least parts of late Precambrian and early, middle, and late Paleozoic time. The late Precambrian and Cambrian history of the Russian side is unclear, but in the Ordovician and Silurian the Russian continental margin was stable, while somewhere offshore an island arc was present whose trench was on the Russian side; the last of the intervening oceanic plate vanished down the subduction zone in about the Early Devonian, and the island arc became part of the continental margin. During the remainder of the Devonian and during the Carboniferous and Early Permian, a subduction zone was present along the margin of the enlarged Russian continent and dipped beneath it.
Each subcontinent grew oceanward as oceanic material was accreted against it, and the subduction zones stepped oceanward correspondingly. The continental magmatic zones migrated oceanward behind the accreting edges of the continental plates, so the tectonic and magmatic progression with time at any one place is analogous to the variations present across the entire orogenic belt at any one time.
Severe right-lateral deformation of the Uralides, the Russian side having moved northward relative to the Siberian side during Mesozoic and early Cenozoic time, is inferred from structural and magnetic-anomaly patterns. The deformation was accomplished by oroclinal folding, strike-slip faulting, and tensional thinning of the crust.
The Uralides may have been continuous in early Mesozoic time with the Ellesmerides of North Greenland and the Canadian Arctic islands. The Cenozoic (and late Mesozoic?) opening of the Arctic Ocean was accomplished by spreading of the Eurasia Basin, and by opening of the Canada Basin behind a counterclockwise-rotating Alaska.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1970)81[2553:TUATMO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, W.B., 1970, The Uralides and the motion of the Russian and Siberian Platforms: Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, v. 81, no. 9, p. 2553-2576, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1970)81[2553:TUATMO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"2553","endPage":"2576","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":392794,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Kazakhstan, Russia","otherGeospatial":"Siberia, Ural Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 44.6484375,\n 44.715513732021336\n ],\n [\n 77.34374999999999,\n 44.715513732021336\n ],\n [\n 77.34374999999999,\n 77.11803181203176\n ],\n [\n 44.6484375,\n 77.11803181203176\n ],\n [\n 44.6484375,\n 44.715513732021336\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"81","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, Warren B.","contributorId":74664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"Warren","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":828289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70010086,"text":"70010086 - 1970 - A possible bedrock source for obsidian found in archeological sites in northwestern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-29T17:06:09.644941","indexId":"70010086","displayToPublicDate":"1970-08-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A possible bedrock source for obsidian found in archeological sites in northwestern Alaska","docAbstract":"Recently discovered deposits of obsidian in the Koyukuk valley may be the long-sought-for source of obsidian found in archeological sites in northwestern Alaska. Obsidian from these deposits compares favorably in physical characteristics and sodium-manganese ratio with the archeological obsidian, and there is evidence that the deposits have been \"mined\" in the past.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.169.3947.760","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Patton, W.W., and Miller, T.P., 1970, A possible bedrock source for obsidian found in archeological sites in northwestern Alaska: Science, v. 169, no. 3947, p. 760-761, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.169.3947.760.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"760","endPage":"761","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219508,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"northwestern Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -158.73534173038752,\n 65.37889017296513\n ],\n [\n -158.73534173038752,\n 64.786951001911\n ],\n [\n -156.94743388815996,\n 64.786951001911\n ],\n [\n -156.94743388815996,\n 65.37889017296513\n ],\n [\n -158.73534173038752,\n 65.37889017296513\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"169","issue":"3947","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4e3e4b0c8380cd469d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patton, W. W. Jr.","contributorId":11231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patton","given":"W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, T. P.","contributorId":49345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70226464,"text":"70226464 - 1970 - Aspects of oil and gas operations on federal and Indian lands of interest to engineers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-18T15:20:47.13393","indexId":"70226464","displayToPublicDate":"1970-06-08T08:58:43","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Aspects of oil and gas operations on federal and Indian lands of interest to engineers","docAbstract":"It is always enjoyable to attend any meeting of the Society of Petroleum Engineers. I am happy to have this opportunity to speak to you because I believe that petroleum engineers can benefit from a better understanding of the Mineral Leasing Act and the regulations that implement the act insofar as these affect or influence your work. The regulations that implement the leasing act are commonly known as the Oil and Gas Operating Regulations. These regulations are officially described as Part 221 of Title 30 of the Code of Federal Regulations. They are printed in a small green booklet which most printed in a small green booklet which most of you have probably seen at one time or other. The requirements of the operating regulations, as specifically set forth in the booklet, or as determined by policy judgments in our various offices, can affect some aspects of your work.
I think it would be appropriate first to discuss the two types of lands, Federal lands and Indian lands, which are subject to the Oil and Gas Operating Regulations. Federal lands generally are classified in two categories, acquired land and public domain lands. Acquired lands are lands to which the Federal Government obtained title by purchase, exchange, condemnation, or private gift. These lands are scattered private gift. These lands are scattered throughout the United States and total about 54 million acres, or about 7.5 percent of the area classified as public percent of the area classified as public lands.
The public domain lands are lands to which the United States has held title since their original acquisition. There are public lands in 30 states, but the large bulk of the lands are located in Alaska and the Western States. You may recall from your history courses some of the purchases and treaties by which the United States obtained most of the lands now described as public domain lands. The Louisiana Purchase in 1803 included among the Western States most of Montana, eastern and central Wyoming, northeast Colorado, and the northern part of Texas. This treaty also included a large part of the area now generally referred to as The \"Midwest\". The annexation of Texas occurred in 1845 and it is somewhat surprising to realize that this included, among other lands, a strip of land through western Colorado and a rectangular shaped piece of land in Wyoming, south of Rawlins piece of land in Wyoming, south of Rawlins The acquisition of the Oregon Territory in 1846 brought into the Union parts of western Wyoming and Montana as well as what is now Idaho, Oregon, and Washington.
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rafting in Glacier Bay, Alaska, and the identification of ancient ice-rafted deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-13T14:01:39.79253","indexId":"70226789","displayToPublicDate":"1970-03-01T07:53:01","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5935,"text":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observations of iceberg rafting in Glacier Bay, Alaska, and the identification of ancient ice-rafted deposits","docAbstract":"Observations of icebergs in a modern glacial marine environment indicate that ancient rocks that received iceberg-rafted material should contain: (1) local concentrations of stones that originated when icebergs overturned, and (2) small pellets of till that were originally sediment filling the spaces between clear ice crystals.
The till pellets are especially significant in identifying an ancient glacial setting because they originate through a process unique to glaciers—the flow-and recrystallization-induced segregation of originally disseminated fine sediment. Thus when freed by melting and deposited by iceberg rafting, the pellets would reliably indicate the presence of glacial ice in an ancient environment. In the Gowganda Formation, a Precambrian glacial deposit, strata that contain outsized, presumably iceberg-rafted stones also contain abundant small flattened clasts of unsorted graywacke interpreted as the lithified counterparts of the till pellets observed on modern icebergs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1970)81[891:OOIRIG]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Ovenshine, A.T., 1970, Observations of iceberg rafting in Glacier Bay, Alaska, and the identification of ancient ice-rafted deposits: Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, v. 81, no. 3, p. 891-894, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1970)81[891:OOIRIG]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"891","endPage":"894","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":392788,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Glacier Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -138.6639404296875,\n 59.12240677261356\n ],\n [\n -138.3233642578125,\n 59.01794033995248\n ],\n [\n -138.0157470703125,\n 58.86774474539531\n ],\n [\n -138.0377197265625,\n 58.74540696858028\n ],\n [\n -137.17529296875,\n 58.36427519285588\n ],\n [\n -136.9610595703125,\n 58.344100629556614\n ],\n [\n -136.658935546875,\n 58.1793925460941\n ],\n [\n -136.47216796875,\n 58.274843152138224\n ],\n [\n -136.3238525390625,\n 58.286395482881034\n ],\n [\n -135.9503173828125,\n 58.370037236925526\n ],\n [\n -135.7086181640625,\n 58.38731772556939\n ],\n [\n -135.6317138671875,\n 58.41609973381432\n ],\n [\n -135.439453125,\n 58.3844382319306\n ],\n [\n -135.472412109375,\n 58.47933745805812\n ],\n [\n -135.2911376953125,\n 58.49082301741562\n ],\n [\n -135.384521484375,\n 58.63979389935778\n ],\n [\n -135.50537109375,\n 58.66551303038583\n ],\n [\n -135.4833984375,\n 58.70833614572296\n ],\n [\n -135.7305908203125,\n 58.736855668150234\n ],\n [\n -135.6866455078125,\n 58.77389612171181\n ],\n [\n -135.714111328125,\n 58.8108971187029\n ],\n [\n -135.516357421875,\n 58.884780849473636\n ],\n [\n -135.560302734375,\n 58.92733441827545\n ],\n [\n -135.538330078125,\n 58.96983560365735\n ],\n [\n -135.692138671875,\n 59.04338035575868\n ],\n [\n -135.670166015625,\n 59.11394836022265\n ],\n [\n -135.8184814453125,\n 59.1393173344809\n ],\n [\n -136.0107421875,\n 59.22936606822124\n ],\n [\n -136.1260986328125,\n 59.20968817840924\n ],\n [\n -136.4666748046875,\n 59.29955167361263\n ],\n [\n -136.4996337890625,\n 59.271494782025684\n ],\n [\n -136.593017578125,\n 59.178742850970224\n ],\n [\n -136.8292236328125,\n 59.16748305369258\n ],\n [\n -137.274169921875,\n 59.00945615147479\n ],\n [\n -137.449951171875,\n 58.91031927906603\n ],\n [\n -137.5323486328125,\n 58.91031927906603\n ],\n [\n -137.5048828125,\n 58.983991031797785\n ],\n [\n -137.6202392578125,\n 59.24903261427968\n ],\n [\n -138.06518554687497,\n 59.45903485454137\n ],\n [\n -138.076171875,\n 59.40036514079251\n ],\n [\n -138.240966796875,\n 59.380785961506966\n ],\n [\n -138.2958984375,\n 59.34439461630004\n ],\n [\n -138.2135009765625,\n 59.22093407615045\n ],\n [\n -138.1201171875,\n 59.21812294905908\n ],\n [\n -138.109130859375,\n 59.17029835064482\n ],\n [\n -138.175048828125,\n 59.17592824927136\n ],\n [\n -138.33984375,\n 59.19843857520702\n ],\n [\n -138.54858398437497,\n 59.19281238381205\n ],\n [\n -138.6639404296875,\n 59.12240677261356\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"81","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ovenshine, A. Thomas","contributorId":28989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ovenshine","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":828266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70226170,"text":"70226170 - 1970 - Pedro, Livengood, and Tanana: A study of place-names near Fairbanks, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-15T21:26:31.553127","indexId":"70226170","displayToPublicDate":"1970-01-01T15:04:53","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2808,"text":"Names","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pedro, Livengood, and Tanana: A study of place-names near Fairbanks, Alaska","docAbstract":"In the early hours of March 30, 1867, Secretary of State William H. Seward completed the purchase of the remote and unexplored land known as Russian America, or Alaska. Discovered in 1741 by Vitus Bering, Alaska progressed from a Czarist colony to a territory of the United States, and finally, to its present status as the largest of the 50 States. As part of the commemoration of the centennial of Alaska's purchase, the U.S. Geological Survey published the Dictionary of Alaska Place Names. This paper is an outgrowth of my opportunity to participate in the compilation of the Dictionary. It presents a comparative study of the geographic names of a relatively small area comprising 11,000 square miles in the central part of Alaska lying between the Tanana and Yukon Rivers. The area studied was generally confined to the Fairbanks and Livengood 1: 250,000-scale maps, which are centered around Fairbanks, the supply center for interior and northern Alaska.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1179/nam.1970.18.3.185","usgsCitation":"Sorvo, P.J., 1970, Pedro, Livengood, and Tanana: A study of place-names near Fairbanks, Alaska: Names, v. 18, no. 3, p. 185-190, https://doi.org/10.1179/nam.1970.18.3.185.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"185","endPage":"190","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480289,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1179/nam.1970.18.3.185","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":391704,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Fairbanks, Livengood, Pedro, Tanana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -152.677001953125,\n 63.01510569831989\n ],\n [\n -144.99755859375,\n 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D.","contributorId":74746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tschudy","given":"Bernadine","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leopold, Estella B.","contributorId":30979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leopold","given":"Estella","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70226482,"text":"70226482 - 1970 - Palynology of the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in the northern Rocky Mountain and Mississippi Embayment regions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-19T16:03:30.456553","indexId":"70226482","displayToPublicDate":"1970-01-01T09:45:10","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5614,"text":"Special Papers of the Geological Society of America","printIssn":"0072-1077","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"title":"Palynology of the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in the northern Rocky Mountain and Mississippi Embayment regions","docAbstract":"In both the Rocky Mountain and the Mississippi Embayment regions it is often difficult to distinguish Upper Cretaceous from lower Tertiary rocks on the basis of physical characteristics; the transition can be recognized with relative ease, however, on the basis of abrupt qualitative changes in plant microfossils. Many Cretaceous species vanish and new species appear in the Paleocene. In both regions the Paleocene yields fewer species than does the underlying Cretaceous.
A pronounced difference exists between the Late Cretaceous pollen and spore floras of the two regions. The spore-pollen assemblage from the Rocky Mountains is partially characterized by the presence of Aquilapollenites, Proteacidites, Wodehouseia, and an unnamed species of Tricolpites. These taxa are not found in the Late Cretaceous of the Mississippi Embayment region. The embayment region yields Rugubivesiculites, an unnamed species of Araucariacites, and several genera belonging to the Normapolles group that are not found in the Rocky Mountain region.
The Mississippi Embayment Cretaceous and Paleocene pollen floras show greater similarities to pollen floras from Europe than to those from the northern Rocky Mountains. The Rocky Mountain pollen floras exhibit closer similarities to the Alaskan and Siberian floras. It is suggested that the floral dissimilarity between the Mississippi Embayment and the northern Rocky Mountain regions may be accounted for by the separation of the Rocky Mountain province from the Mississippi Embayment province during Late Cretaceous time by the great north-trending Cretaceous epeiric sea.
It is further suggested that the floral changes across the Cretaceous-Tertiary transition may have been caused by slight climatic changes brought about by uplift or by withdrawal of the tempering influence of the epeiric sea.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Symposium on Palynology of the Late Cretaceous and Early Tertiary","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"conferenceTitle":"Symposium on Palynology of the Late Cretaceous and Early Tertiary","conferenceDate":"1966","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/SPE127-p65","usgsCitation":"Tschudy, R.H., 1970, Palynology of the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in the northern Rocky Mountain and Mississippi Embayment regions, chap. of Symposium on Palynology of the Late Cretaceous and Early Tertiary: Special Papers of the Geological Society of America, v. 127, p. 65-111, https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE127-p65.","productDescription":"47 p.","startPage":"65","endPage":"111","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":391920,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Hell Creek, Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.3251953125,\n 46.3810438458062\n ],\n [\n -104.08447265624999,\n 46.3810438458062\n ],\n [\n -104.08447265624999,\n 48.4765629664158\n ],\n [\n -108.3251953125,\n 48.4765629664158\n ],\n [\n -108.3251953125,\n 46.3810438458062\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.23046875,\n 33.60546961227188\n ],\n [\n -85.869140625,\n 33.60546961227188\n ],\n [\n -85.869140625,\n 37.46613860234406\n ],\n [\n -91.23046875,\n 37.46613860234406\n ],\n [\n -91.23046875,\n 33.60546961227188\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"127","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1970-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Kosanke, Robert M.","contributorId":29811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kosanke","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827081,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cross, Aureal T.","contributorId":268797,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cross","given":"Aureal","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":827082,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Tschudy, Robert H.","contributorId":67879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tschudy","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70009888,"text":"70009888 - 1970 - Effects of oil development in Arctic America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-16T13:29:32.649847","indexId":"70009888","displayToPublicDate":"1970-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of oil development in Arctic America","docAbstract":"Large and important discoveries of petroleum were made in northern Alaska in 1968. The reserves were estimated then to be perhaps as much as ten thousand million barrels. Subsequent exploration has shown the resources to be much greater than was estimated earlier. Many problems must be solved before petroleum from northern Alaska reaches the world's markets. These problems are of three types: 1, those related to exploring, developing, and operating under the physical environments of the region; 2, those having to do with people—both the native people and those brought in from lower latitudes—and 3, those concerning the protection of the natural environments. The problems are great, but so also are the reserves of petroleum. To the extent that the problems are not solved, the cost of development and operation will be higher, the use of people will be expensive and unsatisfactory, and the natural environments will be threatened. The whole effort could be jeopardized on those grounds.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr70139","usgsCitation":"Grantz, A., Hanna, W.F., and Wolf, S.C., 1970, Chukchi Sea seismic reflection and magnetic profiles 1969, between northern Alaska and international date line: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-139, 2 Plates: 17.00 x 21.67 inches and 24.00 x 31.47 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr70139.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 17.00 x 21.67 inches and 24.00 x 31.47 inches","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":152490,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":414561,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54487.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":111680,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.dggs.dnr.state.ak.us/pubs/id/10861","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Chukchi Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -162.6333,\n 65.4167\n ],\n [\n -162.6333,\n 70.8333\n ],\n [\n -172,\n 70.8333\n ],\n [\n -172,\n 65.4167\n ],\n [\n -162.6333,\n 65.4167\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dde4b07f02db5e1fcf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grantz, Arthur agrantz@usgs.gov","contributorId":2585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grantz","given":"Arthur","email":"agrantz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":180338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanna, William F.","contributorId":104045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanna","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolf, Stephen C.","contributorId":38148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70043189,"text":"70043189 - 1970 - Foraminiferal zonation and carbonate facies of Carboniferous (Mississippian and Pennsylvanian) Lisburne group, central and eastern Brooks range, Arctic Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":12478,"text":"ofr6912 - 1970 - Availability of petrographic thin-sections of the Lisburne Group from northeastern Brooks Range, Alaska","indexId":"ofr6912","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"title":"Availability of petrographic thin-sections of the Lisburne Group from northeastern Brooks Range, Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70043189,"text":"70043189 - 1970 - Foraminiferal zonation and carbonate facies of Carboniferous (Mississippian and Pennsylvanian) Lisburne group, central and eastern Brooks range, Arctic Alaska","indexId":"70043189","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"title":"Foraminiferal zonation and carbonate facies of Carboniferous (Mississippian and Pennsylvanian) Lisburne group, central and eastern Brooks range, Arctic Alaska"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":12479,"text":"ofr6914 - 1969 - Foraminiferal zonation and carbonate facies of the Mississippian and Pennsylvanian Lisburne Group, central and eastern Brooks Range, Arctic Alaska","indexId":"ofr6914","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"title":"Foraminiferal zonation and carbonate facies of the Mississippian and Pennsylvanian Lisburne Group, central and eastern Brooks Range, Arctic Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70043189,"text":"70043189 - 1970 - Foraminiferal zonation and carbonate facies of Carboniferous (Mississippian and Pennsylvanian) Lisburne group, central and eastern Brooks range, Arctic Alaska","indexId":"70043189","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"title":"Foraminiferal zonation and carbonate facies of Carboniferous (Mississippian and Pennsylvanian) Lisburne group, central and eastern Brooks range, Arctic Alaska"},"id":2}],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-31T17:51:44.79545","indexId":"70043189","displayToPublicDate":"1970-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Foraminiferal zonation and carbonate facies of Carboniferous (Mississippian and Pennsylvanian) Lisburne group, central and eastern Brooks range, Arctic Alaska","docAbstract":"The Lisburne Group carbonate rocks of the central and eastern Brooks Range contain foraminiferal assemblages assigned to zones of late Tournaisian (Osage) to early Moscovian (Atoka) age. Representatives of both Eurasiatic and American cratonic microfaunas permit correlation with the original Carboniferous type sections in western Europe as well as with the standard Mississippian and Pennsylvanian sequences in the Mid-Continent region of North America. Correlation anomalies in the lower part of the sequence are discussed.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","doi":"10.1306/5D25CA2F-16C1-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Armstrong, A.K., Mamet, B.L., and Dutro, J.T., 1970, Foraminiferal zonation and carbonate facies of Carboniferous (Mississippian and Pennsylvanian) Lisburne group, central and eastern Brooks range, Arctic Alaska: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 54, no. 5, p. 687-698, https://doi.org/10.1306/5D25CA2F-16C1-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"687","endPage":"698","costCenters":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267106,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Brooks Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -153.4103906372097,\n 70\n ],\n [\n -153.4103906372097,\n 67.54650489763466\n ],\n [\n -142.48531896350084,\n 67.54650489763466\n ],\n [\n -142.48531896350084,\n 70\n ],\n [\n -153.4103906372097,\n 70\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"54","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5114db04e4b0ca7af0743b22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Armstrong, Augustus K.","contributorId":68282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armstrong","given":"Augustus","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mamet, Bernard L.","contributorId":32524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mamet","given":"Bernard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dutro, J. Thomas","contributorId":54204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dutro","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":13004,"text":"ofr1305MP - 1969 - Petroleum potential of the Kandik basin, east-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-14T13:51:28","indexId":"ofr1305MP","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-30T10:21:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1305 MP","title":"Petroleum potential of the Kandik basin, east-central Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/ofr1305MP","usgsCitation":"Churkin, M., and Brabb, E.E., 1969, Petroleum potential of the Kandik basin, east-central Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 1305 MP, iii, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr1305MP.","productDescription":"iii, 11 p.","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291385,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -142.52,65.37 ], [ -142.52,65.84 ], [ -141.0,65.84 ], [ -141.0,65.37 ], [ -142.52,65.37 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ffc827e4b0824b2d17454c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Churkin, Michael","contributorId":66677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Churkin","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brabb, Earl E.","contributorId":48939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabb","given":"Earl","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70048211,"text":"pp542 - 1969 - The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: Effects on communities","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":6309,"text":"pp542G - 1969 - Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, on various communities","indexId":"pp542G","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"chapter":"G","title":"Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, on various communities"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70048211,"text":"pp542 - 1969 - The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: Effects on communities","indexId":"pp542","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"title":"The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: Effects on communities"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":32676,"text":"pp542C - 1966 - Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, at Valdez, Alaska","indexId":"pp542C","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, at Valdez, Alaska"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70048211,"text":"pp542 - 1969 - The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: Effects on communities","indexId":"pp542","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"title":"The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: Effects on communities"},"id":2},{"subject":{"id":32677,"text":"pp542D - 1966 - Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, in the Homer area, Alaska","indexId":"pp542D","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"chapter":"D","title":"Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, in the Homer area, Alaska"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70048211,"text":"pp542 - 1969 - The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: Effects on communities","indexId":"pp542","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"title":"The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: Effects on communities"},"id":3},{"subject":{"id":38844,"text":"pp542A - 1965 - Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, at Anchorage, Alaska","indexId":"pp542A","publicationYear":"1965","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, at Anchorage, Alaska"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70048211,"text":"pp542 - 1969 - The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: Effects on communities","indexId":"pp542","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"title":"The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: Effects on communities"},"id":4},{"subject":{"id":38845,"text":"pp542B - 1965 - Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, at Whittier, Alaska","indexId":"pp542B","publicationYear":"1965","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, at Whittier, Alaska"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70048211,"text":"pp542 - 1969 - The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: Effects on communities","indexId":"pp542","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"title":"The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: Effects on communities"},"id":5},{"subject":{"id":38846,"text":"pp542E - 1967 - Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, at Seward, Alaska","indexId":"pp542E","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"chapter":"E","title":"Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, at Seward, Alaska"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70048211,"text":"pp542 - 1969 - The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: Effects on communities","indexId":"pp542","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"title":"The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: Effects on communities"},"id":6},{"subject":{"id":38847,"text":"pp542F - 1967 - Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964 on the communities of Kodiak and nearby islands","indexId":"pp542F","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"chapter":"F","title":"Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964 on the communities of Kodiak and nearby islands"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70048211,"text":"pp542 - 1969 - The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: Effects on communities","indexId":"pp542","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"title":"The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: Effects on communities"},"id":7}],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-28T20:06:01.293026","indexId":"pp542","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T09:41:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"542","title":"The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: Effects on communities","docAbstract":"This is the second in a series of six reports that the U.S. Geological Survey published on the results of a comprehensive geologic study that began, as a reconnaissance survey, within 24 hours after the March 27, 1964, Magnitude 9.2 Great Alaska Earthquake and extended, as detailed investigations, through several field seasons. The 1964 Great Alaska earthquake was the largest earthquake in the U.S. since 1700. Professional Paper 542, in 7 parts, describes the effects of the earthquake on Alaskan communities.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","doi":"10.3133/pp542","usgsCitation":"Hansen, W.R., Kachadoorian, R., Coulter, H., Migliaccio, R.R., Waller, R., Stanley, K.W., Lemke, R., Plafker, G., Eckel, E.B., and Mayo, L.R., 1969, The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: Effects on communities: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 542, 7 Chapters, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp542.","productDescription":"7 Chapters","costCenters":[{"id":380,"text":"Menlo ParkCalif. Office-Earthquake Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277615,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp542.gif"},{"id":277613,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0542/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Anchorage, Homer, Kodiak, Seward, Valdez, Whittier","otherGeospatial":"Kenai Peninsula, Prince William Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -168,\n 52\n ],\n [\n -130,\n 52\n ],\n [\n -130,\n 66.5\n ],\n [\n -168,\n 66.5\n ],\n [\n -168,\n 52\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd76c7e4b0b2908510b1cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, Wallace R.","contributorId":90273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Wallace","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kachadoorian, Reuben","contributorId":24336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kachadoorian","given":"Reuben","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coulter, Henry W.","contributorId":56967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coulter","given":"Henry W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Migliaccio, Ralph R.","contributorId":22667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Migliaccio","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Waller, Roger M.","contributorId":90353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waller","given":"Roger M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stanley, Kirk W.","contributorId":8900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Kirk","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lemke, Richard W.","contributorId":59409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemke","given":"Richard W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Plafker, George","contributorId":3920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Plafker","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Eckel, Edwin B.","contributorId":26680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eckel","given":"Edwin","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Mayo, Lawrence R.","contributorId":98344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayo","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":6309,"text":"pp542G - 1969 - Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, on various communities","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":6309,"text":"pp542G - 1969 - Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, on various communities","indexId":"pp542G","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"chapter":"G","title":"Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, on various communities"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70048211,"text":"pp542 - 1969 - The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: Effects on communities","indexId":"pp542","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"title":"The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: Effects on communities"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70048211,"text":"pp542 - 1969 - The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: Effects on communities","indexId":"pp542","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"title":"The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: Effects on communities"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-28T19:46:13.571561","indexId":"pp542G","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"542","chapter":"G","title":"Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, on various communities","docAbstract":"The 1964 earthquake caused wide-spread damage to inhabited places throughout more than 60,000 square miles of south-central Alaska. This report describes damage to all communities in the area except Anchorage, Whittier, Homer, Valdez, Seward, the communities of the Kodiak group of islands, and communities in the Copper River Basin; these were discussed in previous chapters of the Geological Survey's series of reports on the earthquake. At the communities discussed herein, damage resulted primarily from sea waves of diverse origins, displacements of the land relative to sea level, and seismic shaking. Waves took all of the 31 lives lost at those communities; physical damage was primarily from the waves and vertical displacements of the land relative to sea level.
\n\nDestructive waves of local origin struck during or immediately after the earthquake throughout much of Prince William Sound, the southern Kenai Peninsula, and the shores of Kenai Lake. In Prince William Sound, waves demolished all but one home at the native village of Chenega, destroyed homesites at Point Nowell and Anderson Bay, and caused varying amounts of damage to waterfront facilities at Sawmill Bay, Latouche, Port Oceanic, Port Nellie Juan, Perry Island, and western Port Valdez. The local waves, which ran up as high as 70 feet above tide level at Chenega and more than 170 feet in several uninhabited parts of the Sound, took nearly all of the lives lost by drowning at these communities. Destructive local waves that devastated shores of Anderson Bay and adjacent parts of western Port Valdez probably were generated primarily by massive submarine slides of glacial and fluvioglacial deposits ; the origin of the waves that caused damage at most of the other communities and at extensive uninhabited segments of shoreline is not known. At these places the most probable generative mechanisms are: unidentified submarine slides of unconsolidated deposits, and (or) the horizontal tectonic displacements, of 20 to more than 60 feet, that occurred in the Prince William Sound region during the earthquake.
\n\nA train of long-period seismic sea waves that began about 20 minutes after the start of the earthquake inundated shores along the Gulf of Alaska coast to a maximum height of 35 feet above tide level. At the communities described, they virtually destroyed two logging camps at Whidbey Bay and Puget Bay on the south coast of the Kenai Peninsula, caused moderate damage to boat harbors and docks at Seldovia and Cordova, floated away some beach cabins in the Cordova area, and drowned two people, one at Point Whitshed near Cordora and one at the Cape Saint Elias Light Station. The seismic sea waves were generated by regional tectonic uplift of the sea floor on the Continental Shelf.
\n\nVertical tectonic displacements of the land relative to sea level that accompanied the earthquake affected virtually all the coastal communities. Tectonic subsidence of 5 to 6 feet, augmented locally by surficial subsidence of unconsolidated deposits required either the relocation or raising of structures at Portage, Girdwood, and Hope on Turnagain Arm. Shoreline submergence resulting from about 3½ feet of tectonic subsidence at Seldovia necessitated raising all waterfront facilities and the airstrip above the level of high tides. On the other hand, tectonic uplift of the land in the Prince Williams Sound region required deepening of the small-boat harbors at Cordora and Tatitlek, dredging of the waterways in the Cordova area, and lengthening of some docks or piers at Cordova, the Cape Hinchinbrook Light Station, and in Sawmill Bay.
\n\nSignificant structural damage from direct seismic shaking was largely confined to fluid containers and a pier facility near Kenai. Indirect damage from fissuring and differential settling of foundation mterials in the vicinity of the Cordova airfield mused damage to a building, underground utilities, an airfield fill, and the highway. Minor amounts of direct and indirect damage from seismic vibrations were sustained by most of the communities situated on unconsolidated deposits as far east as Yakutat, north to Fairbanks, and west to King Salmon. Except for a few cracked or toppled chimney, all the damage from shaking was confined to areas of thick, unconsolidated deposits. Foundation damage was almost entirely restricted to water-saturated unconsolidated deposits which, when liquefied by seismic shaking, could spread laterally toward free faces and (or) settle differentially through compaction.
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