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","startPage":"46","endPage":"47","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479297,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1231033","text":"External Repository"},{"id":340589,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -154.632568359375,\n 19.746024239625427\n ],\n [\n -155.6982421875,\n 20.406420474920292\n ],\n [\n -155.928955078125,\n 20.992214250886114\n ],\n [\n -156.434326171875,\n 21.207458730482642\n ],\n [\n -156.895751953125,\n 21.391704731036587\n ],\n [\n -157.8076171875,\n 21.70847301324597\n ],\n [\n -158.280029296875,\n 22.03472981704418\n ],\n [\n -159.41162109374997,\n 22.31958944283391\n ],\n [\n -160.0927734375,\n 22.370396344320053\n ],\n [\n -160.46630859375,\n 22.055096050575845\n ],\n [\n -160.29052734375,\n 21.53484700204879\n ],\n [\n -159.27978515625,\n 21.524627220545295\n ],\n [\n -158.697509765625,\n 21.25866133371466\n ],\n [\n -158.192138671875,\n 21.01272715296389\n ],\n [\n -157.36816406249997,\n 20.797201434307\n ],\n [\n -156.785888671875,\n 20.49906428341304\n ],\n [\n -156.357421875,\n 20.014645445341365\n ],\n [\n -156.3134765625,\n 19.31114335506464\n ],\n [\n -155.98388671875,\n 18.698285474146818\n ],\n [\n -155.269775390625,\n 18.812717856407776\n ],\n [\n -154.97314453125,\n 19.16592425362802\n ],\n [\n -154.632568359375,\n 19.746024239625427\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"264","issue":"5155","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"590454a9e4b022cee40dc25e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, James G. 0000-0002-7543-2401 jmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7543-2401","contributorId":2892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"James","email":"jmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":693403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Normark, William R.","contributorId":69570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holcomb, Robin T.","contributorId":46938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holcomb","given":"Robin","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70006842,"text":"70006842 - 1994 - The relationship between species richness and community biomass: The importance of environmental variables","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-24T13:23:47","indexId":"70006842","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T21:22:35","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2939,"text":"Oikos","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The relationship between species richness and community biomass: The importance of environmental variables","docAbstract":"Several studies have used plant community biomass to predict species richness with varying success. In this study we examined the relationship between species richness and biomass for 36 marsh communities from two different watersheds. In addition, we measured several environmental variables and estimated the potential richness (the total number of species known to be able to occur in a community type) for each community. Above ground living and dead biomass combined was found to be weakly correlated with species richness (R2=0.02). Instead, a multiple regression model based on elevation (R2=0.47), salinity (R2=0.30), soil organic matter (R2=0.18), and biomass was able to explain 82% of the variance in species richness. It was found that environmental conditions could explain 89% of the variation in potential richness. Biomass had no relation to potential richness. When used as a predictor variable, potential richness was found to explain 72% of the variation in realized (observed) richness and biomass explained an addition 9% of the variance in realized richness. This finding suggests that realized richness in our system was controlled primarily by environmental regulation of potential richness and secondarily by biomass (as an indicator of competition). Further examination of the data revealed that when sites exposed to extreme environmental conditons were eliminated from the analysis, biomass became the primary predictor of realized richness and potential richness was of secondary importance. We conclude that community biomass has a limited capacity to predict species richness across a broad range of habitat conditions. Of particular importance is the inability of biomass to indicate the effect of environmental factors and evolutionary history on the potential species richness at a site.","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Publishing","publisherLocation":"Oxford, U.K.","doi":"10.2307/3545638","usgsCitation":"Gough, L., Grace, J., and Taylor, K., 1994, The relationship between species richness and community biomass: The importance of environmental variables: Oikos, v. 70, no. 2, p. 271-279, https://doi.org/10.2307/3545638.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"271","endPage":"279","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258260,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Pearl River Basin, Tchefuncte River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.77752685546875,\n 30.135626231134587\n ],\n [\n -89.53033447265625,\n 30.135626231134587\n ],\n [\n -89.53033447265625,\n 30.44748978060767\n ],\n [\n -89.77752685546875,\n 30.44748978060767\n ],\n [\n -89.77752685546875,\n 30.135626231134587\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.18470764160156,\n 30.371246059237205\n ],\n [\n -90.1237678527832,\n 30.371246059237205\n ],\n [\n -90.1237678527832,\n 30.424400882616833\n ],\n [\n -90.18470764160156,\n 30.424400882616833\n ],\n [\n -90.18470764160156,\n 30.371246059237205\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"70","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf1ee4b08c986b324569","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gough, L.","contributorId":53971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gough","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grace, J.B. 0000-0001-6374-4726","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":38938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taylor, K.L.","contributorId":80021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70006735,"text":"70006735 - 1994 - Acute toxicity of 4-nitrophenol, 2,4-dinitrophenol, terbufos and trichlorfon to grass shrimp (Palaemonetes spp.) and sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus) as affected by salinity and temperature","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-12T01:01:45","indexId":"70006735","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T20:24:13","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acute toxicity of 4-nitrophenol, 2,4-dinitrophenol, terbufos and trichlorfon to grass shrimp (Palaemonetes spp.) and sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus) as affected by salinity and temperature","docAbstract":"The toxicities of two industrial chemicals (4-nitrophenol and 2,4-dinitrophenol) and two organophosphate insecticides (terbufos and trichlorfon) to juvenile grass shrimp (Palaemonetes spp.) and sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon vanegatus) were determined by static, 96-h toxicity tests in a factorial design with 12 combinations of salinity and temperature (15, 20, 25, 30ppt x 17, 22, 27°C). Concentrations of the toxicants, including bioconcentradon, were determined as appropriate by gas or liquid chromatography and the use of 14C-labeled compounds. The 96-h LC50s for 4-nitrophenol ranged from 12 to 31 mg/L and for 2,4-dinitrophenol from 13 to 50 mg/L. Toxicity decreased as salinity increased for 4-nitrophenol and both test organisms. Toxicity decreased as salinity increased for 2,4-dinitrophenol and sheepshead minnows, but toxicity to grass shrimp increased as salinity increased. Toxicity decreased with increased temperature for grass shrimp exposed to 2,4-dinitrophenol and sheepshead minnows exposed to 4-nitrophenol, increased with temperature for sheepshead minnows exposed to 2,4-dinitrophenol, and no change was observed for grass shrimp exposed to 4-nitrophenol. Bioconcentration of phenols in both test organisms increased as concentration increased. The 96-h LC50s for terbufos ranged from 3.4 to 6.6 μg/L and for trichlorfon from 6.3 to 19,300 μg/L. Terbufos and trichlorfon toxicity to grass shrimp and sheepshead minnows increased with increased temperature. BCFs for terbufos were greater in sheepshead minnows than grass shrimp, but were reversed for trichlorfon.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SETAC","publisherLocation":"Brussels, Belgium","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620130110","collaboration":"Abstract has subscript/superscript to be fixed","usgsCitation":"Brecken-Folse, J.A., Mayer, F., Pedigo, L., and Marking, L.L., 1994, Acute toxicity of 4-nitrophenol, 2,4-dinitrophenol, terbufos and trichlorfon to grass shrimp (Palaemonetes spp.) and sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus) as affected by salinity and temperature: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 13, no. 1, p. 67-77, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620130110.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"77","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258387,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":258380,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620130110","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6d9e4b0c8380cd47685","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brecken-Folse, J. A.","contributorId":88199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brecken-Folse","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mayer, F.L.","contributorId":79418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayer","given":"F.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pedigo, L.E.","contributorId":40840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pedigo","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marking, L. L.","contributorId":90661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marking","given":"L.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70006607,"text":"70006607 - 1994 - A new selective enrichment procedure for isolating Pasteurella multocida from avian and environmental samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-27T10:52:06","indexId":"70006607","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T19:42:53","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":948,"text":"Avian Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new selective enrichment procedure for isolating Pasteurella multocida from avian and environmental samples","docAbstract":"A selective enrichment procedure, using two new selective media, was developed to isolate Pasteurella multocida from wild birds and environmental samples. These media were developed by testing 15 selective agents with six isolates of P. multocida from wild avian origin and seven other bacteria representing genera frequently found in environmental and avian samples. The resulting media—Pasteurella multocida selective enrichment broth and Pasteurella multocida selective agar—consisted of a blood agar medium at pH 10 containing gentamicin, potassium tellurite, and amphotericin B. Media were tested to determine: 1) selectivity when attempting isolation from pond water and avian carcasses, 2) sensitivity for detection of low numbers of P. multocida from pure and mixed cultures, 3) host range specificity of the media, and 4) performance compared with standard blood agar. With the new selective enrichment procedure, P. multocida was isolated from inoculated (60 organisms/ml) pond water 84% of the time, whereas when standard blood agar was used, the recovery rate was 0%.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Avian Pathologists","publisherLocation":"Jacksonville, FL","doi":"10.2307/1591956","usgsCitation":"Moore, M., Cicnjak-Chubbs, L., and Gates, R., 1994, A new selective enrichment procedure for isolating Pasteurella multocida from avian and environmental samples: Avian Diseases, v. 38, no. 2, p. 317-324, https://doi.org/10.2307/1591956.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"317","endPage":"324","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258383,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Mississippi, Nebraska, New Mexico, New York, South Carolina, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, 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\"}}]}","volume":"38","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4afe4b0c8380cd46844","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, M.K.","contributorId":95855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cicnjak-Chubbs, L.","contributorId":105162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cicnjak-Chubbs","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gates, R.J.","contributorId":92101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gates","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70006933,"text":"70006933 - 1994 - Decline in a population of spectacled eiders nesting on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-09T19:44:50","indexId":"70006933","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T19:16:33","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2901,"text":"Northwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Decline in a population of spectacled eiders nesting on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","docAbstract":"The number of spectacled eiders nesting on two study areas near the Kashunuk River, on the central Yukon-Kuskokwim (Y-K) Delta, Alaska, declined by over 75% in the last 20 years. Nesting densities have remained low, but have not significantly declined since 1985. There has been no decrease in the reproductive effort of individual females as indicated by average clutch sizes. There has been a significant decline in the proportion of nests located on islands on one of the two study areas. Nesting success declined significantly during the 1970's. Success was not monitored in recent years, but has likely been low, based on the poor nesting success and declining numbers of cackling Canada geese and black brant nesting on the area. Nest predation by arctic foxes severely limited the productivity of cackling Canada geese, and foxes were likely the major predators of eider nests. Persistent high predation rates may lead to local extirpation in highly philopatric species such as eiders.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northwestern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society for Northwestern Vertebrate Biology","publisherLocation":"Olympia, WA","collaboration":"None","usgsCitation":"Ely, C.R., Dau, C., and Babcock, C., 1994, Decline in a population of spectacled eiders nesting on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska: Northwestern Naturalist, v. 75, no. 3, p. 81-87.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"87","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258257,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":258249,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3536829","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"75","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe08e4b0c8380cd4eaa3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ely, Craig R. 0000-0003-4262-0892 cely@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4262-0892","contributorId":3214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ely","given":"Craig","email":"cely@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dau, Christian","contributorId":85029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dau","given":"Christian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Babcock, Christopher","contributorId":60490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Babcock","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70007015,"text":"70007015 - 1994 - Emperor goose (Chen canagica)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-15T10:54:15","indexId":"70007015","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T14:53:36","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":399,"text":"Birds of North America","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"seriesNumber":"97","title":"Emperor goose (Chen canagica)","docAbstract":"Early naturalists exploring western Alaska were intrigued to find a stocky, blue-gray species of coastal goose unique to that area and nearby Russia. As E. W. Nelson (1887) wrote, \"Among the various species of birds more or less peculiar to Alaska this goose is perhaps the most noteworthy.\" The Emperor Goose nests in the extensive coastal salt marsh habitats of arctic and sub-arctic Alaska and Russia and winters primarily on coastal beaches along ice-free areas of the Aleutian Islands and the Alaska Peninsula. Locally known as the \"Beach Goose\" from its habit of roosting and feeding near the waters' edge, the diet of this species consists largely of clams, mussels, and algae when wintering and staging in marine and estuarine habitats. When nesting in terrestrial habitats, it eats mostly roots, bulbs, and shoots of vegetation. Although the breeding biology and habitat requirements of this goose have been examined in detail, mostly on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (Y-K Delta) of Alaska, there have been no intensive studies of its wintering or staging biology. Recent studies of migration have confirmed pathways and timing between the Y-K Delta and staging areas on the Alaska Peninsula and wintering areas largely on the Aleutian Islands (Hupp et al. 2007). Observations of substantial molt migrations to the Chukotka Peninsula in eastern Russia (Hupp et al. 2007) suggest a possible change in distribution, or at least a clarification, and raise the possibility of harvest mortality on both continents. Alaska's Emperor Goose population declined precipitously from 139,000 in 1964 to 42,000 in 1986, although its numbers have recovered slightly since then (Fischer et al. 2008). The factors responsible for this quick decline and slow recovery remain poorly known. Hunting, especially subsistence hunting by Native Americans, is probably a factor (Hupp et al. 2008b); coastal oil pollution could also be reducing the survival of overwintering individuals (Byrd et al. 1995); and interspecific competition among brood rearing geese may limit recovery through recruitment (Schmutz and Laing 2002, Lake et al. 2008).","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Birds of North America, No. 97","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Birds of North America, Inc.","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","doi":"10.2173/bna.97","usgsCitation":"Petersen, M.R., Schmutz, J.A., and Rockwell, R., 1994, Emperor goose (Chen canagica): Birds of North America 97, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.2173/bna.97.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259542,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":259532,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2173/bna.97","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0901e4b0c8380cd51d61","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Poole, A.","contributorId":113515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poole","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508434,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gill, F.","contributorId":114156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508435,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, Margaret R. 0000-0001-6082-3189 mrpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-3189","contributorId":167729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Margaret","email":"mrpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rockwell, R.F.","contributorId":22527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rockwell","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70038750,"text":"70038750 - 1994 - New uranium-series ages of the Waimanalo Limestone, Oahu, Hawaii: implications for sea level during the last interglacial period","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-04T01:02:11","indexId":"70038750","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T14:01:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New uranium-series ages of the Waimanalo Limestone, Oahu, Hawaii: implications for sea level during the last interglacial period","docAbstract":"The Waimanalo Formation (limestone) of Oahu has been correlated with the last interglacial period based on U-series dating of corals by T.-L. Ku and colleagues. The limestone consists of growth-position corals and overlying coral conglomerate. An apparent bimodal distribution of ages for the growth-position corals (mean age = 133 ka) and the overlying coral conglomerate (mean age = 119 ka) has been interpreted to represent two distinct high stands of sea that occurred within the last interglacial period. Both growth-position corals and overlying, conglomerate coral occur in an outcrop east of Kaena Point and consist mainly of Pocillopora and Porites. U-seriesages of growth-position corals that show closed-system conditions are 120 ± 3 ka and 127 ± 4 ka; overlying conglomerate corals have U-seriesages that range from 120 ± 3 ka to 138 ± 4 ka. At Kahe Point, conglomerate corals have ages of 120 ± 3 ka and 134 ± 4 ka. These data show that the growth position corals are not systematically older than the conglomerate corals; thus, there is no evidence for two distinct high stands of sea. Waimanalo deposits at Kahe Point and Mokapu Point (new U-seriesages of 134 ± 4 ka and 127 ± 3 ka) have beach deposits as high as 12.5 m and, at Mokapu Point, growth-position corals as high as 8.5 m. A last-interglacial sea-level stand of +8.5 to +12.5 m conflicts with estimates of +6 m from a number of tectonically stable coastlines and islands in the western Atlantic Ocean. We infer, therefore, that Oahu may be undergoing uplift at a low rate. This uplift may be due to compensatory lithospheric flexure, because the island of Hawaii has been subsiding throughout much of the Quaternary from volcanic loading. Because of this possible uplift, Oahu and islands like it elsewhere in the Pacific cannot be used as reference points for sealevel during the last interglacial period.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(94)90091-4","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D., and Szabo, B.J., 1994, New uranium-series ages of the Waimanalo Limestone, Oahu, Hawaii: implications for sea level during the last interglacial period: Marine Geology, v. 118, no. 3-4, p. 315-326, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(94)90091-4.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"315","endPage":"326","costCenters":[{"id":308,"text":"Geology and Environmental Change Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257722,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257692,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(94)90091-4","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"O'ahu;Waimanalo Limestone","volume":"118","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6620e4b0c8380cd72d20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, D.R. 0000-0001-7449-251X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":61460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Szabo, Barney J.","contributorId":6848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Barney","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70006750,"text":"70006750 - 1994 - Hepatic cadmium, metal-binding proteins and bioaccumulation in bluegills exposed to aqueous cadmium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-24T15:43:36","indexId":"70006750","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T13:54:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hepatic cadmium, metal-binding proteins and bioaccumulation in bluegills exposed to aqueous cadmium","docAbstract":"We examined sublethal responses of juvenile bluegills Lepomis macrochirus to aqueous cadmium in two 28-d tests (test I, 0.0-8.4 μg Cd per liter; test II, 0.0-32.3 μg Cd per liter) in an intermittent-flow diluter. The experimental design was completely randomized, with two replicates in each of eight treatments (seven Cd exposures and one water control with 25 fish per replicate). Cadmium did not affect the growth of test fish. The mean whole-body concentrations of Cd in exposed fish were 1.8- to 44-fold those in controls in the two tests. Mean concentrations of hepatic nonthionein cytosolic Cd (not bound by metal-binding proteins, MBP) in all Cd treatments greatly exceeded those in controls, and mean concentrations of hepatic MBP in all treatments except one (0.8 μg Cd per liter in test I) exceeded those in controls. Nonthionein cytosolic Cd, hepatic MBP, and whole-body Cd in bluegills were linearly related to exposure concentrations within the range 0 to 20 μg Cd per liter. Much of the total Cd-binding capacity of hepatic MBP per fish was occupied by Cd after the 28-d exposures, although additional Cd-binding capacity remained unoccupied by Cd in fish in all treatments. The mean total Cd-binding capacity of hepatic MBP per fish, which ranged from 1.7 to 14 nmol Cd in test I and from 0.8 to 24 nmol Cd in test II, increased in a concentration-response manner at exposure concentrations below 13 μg/L. Nonthionein cytosolic Cd was the most sensitive indicator of Cd exposure, based on an LOEC of 0.8 μg Cd per liter.
","language":"English","publisher":"SETAC","publisherLocation":"Brussels, Belgium","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620130403","usgsCitation":"Cope, W., Atchison, G., and Wiener, J., 1994, Hepatic cadmium, metal-binding proteins and bioaccumulation in bluegills exposed to aqueous cadmium: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 13, no. 4, p. 553-562, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620130403.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"553","endPage":"562","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":260058,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":260052,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620130403","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"13","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1994-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a305be4b0c8380cd5d596","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cope, W.G.","contributorId":71918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cope","given":"W.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Atchison, G.J.","contributorId":59406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atchison","given":"G.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wiener, J.G.","contributorId":44107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiener","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70006979,"text":"70006979 - 1994 - Functional response of wolves preying on barren-ground caribou in a multiple-prey ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-14T01:01:39","indexId":"70006979","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T11:58:36","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2158,"text":"Journal of Animal Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Functional response of wolves preying on barren-ground caribou in a multiple-prey ecosystem","docAbstract":"1. We investigated the functional response of wolves (Canis lupus) to varying abundance of ungulate prey to test the hypothesis that switching from alternate prey to preferred prey results in regulation of a caribou (Rangifer tarandus) population at low densities. 2. We determined prey selection, kill rates, and prey abundance for four wolf packs during three 30-day periods in March 1989, March 1990, November 1990, and created a simple discrete model to evaluate the potential for the expected numerical and observed functional responses of wolves to regulate caribou populations. 3. We observed a quickly decelerating type II functional response that, in the absence of numerical response, implicates an anti-regulatory effect of wolf predation on barren-ground caribou dynamics. 4. There was little potential for regulation caused by the multiplicative effect of increasing functional and numerical responses because of presence of alternative prey. This resulted in high wolf:caribou ratios at low prey densities which precluded the effects of an increasing functional response. 5. Inversely density-dependent predation by other predators, such as bears, reduces the potential for predators to regulate caribou populations at low densities, and small reductions in predation by one predator may have disproportionately large effects on the total predation rate.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Animal Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","publisherLocation":"London, U.K.","doi":"10.2307/5230","collaboration":"None","usgsCitation":"Dale, B., Adams, L., and Bowyer, R., 1994, Functional response of wolves preying on barren-ground caribou in a multiple-prey ecosystem: Journal of Animal Ecology, v. 63, no. 3, p. 644-652, https://doi.org/10.2307/5230.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"644","endPage":"652","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258852,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/5230","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":258860,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1415e4b0c8380cd548d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dale, B.W.","contributorId":48902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dale","given":"B.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, Layne G. 0000-0001-6212-2896 ladams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6212-2896","contributorId":2776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Layne G.","email":"ladams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bowyer, R.T.","contributorId":94645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowyer","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70006753,"text":"70006753 - 1994 - Cadmium, metal-binding proteins, and growth in bluegill (Lepomis macrochirusLepomis macrochirusWe exposed juvenile bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) to ~1000 mg∙L−1 of continuously suspended river sediment in a 28-d test with six treatments (randomized block with one sediment-free control and five sediments ranging from 1.3 to 21.4 μg Cd∙g dry weight−1). Each treatment had three replicates, each with 25 fish. Growth was reduced by exposure to suspended sediment, probably due to physical effects of sediment on feeding and to toxicity in the treatment with the greatest concentrations of metals. Mean whole-body concentrations of cadmium (0.04–0.14 μg∙g wet weight−1) were correlated with cadmium concentration in filtered water (8–72 ng∙L−1), suspended sediment (0.61–16.8 μg∙L−1), and bulk sediment. The concentration of hepatic nonthionein cytosolic cadmium (cadmium not bound by metal-binding proteins, MBP) in fish exposed to the two most contaminated sediments exceeded that in controls. The mean concentration of hepatic MBP was correlated with cadmium concentration in filtered water, suspended sediment, bulk sediment, and whole fish. Whole-body cadmium concentration was the most sensitive indicator of cadmium exposure, with lowest observed effect concentrations of 1.9 μg Cd∙L−1 for suspended sediment and 13 ng Cd∙L−1 for filtered water. Sediment-associated cadmium was less available than waterborne cadmium for uptake by fish.","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f94-135","usgsCitation":"Cope, W., Wiener, J.G., Steingraeber, M.T., and Atchison, G.J., 1994, Cadmium, metal-binding proteins, and growth in bluegill (Lepomis macrochirusHerbivory and fire have been shown to affect the structure and composition of marsh communities. Because fire may alter plant species composition and cover, and these alterations may have an effect on herbivore populations or foraging patterns, an interactive effect of herbivory and fire may be expected. In this study, the effects of fire and vertebrate herbivory in a Louisiana oligohaline marsh were studied using small, controlled burns and animal exclosures. Mean total biomass was nearly 2 times greater in the plots protected from herbivory than in the plots subject to natural herbivory. Additionally, mean total biomass was over 1.5 times greater in the plots that remained unburned than in those that were burned. Two dominant perennial species,Spartina patens andScirpus olneyi, were negatively affected by herbivory, but two annual sedges,Cyperus flavescens andCyperus odorata, were positively affected. Burning reduced the aboveground biomass ofSpartina patens andBacopa monnieri. No species increased in biomass as a result of fire. No significant differences were found in species richness between herbivory treatments or between fire treatments. Although both herbivory and fire were found to cause significant changes in the vegetation, the interaction between herbivory and fire was not found to produce any significant effects in any test conducted.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/BF03160624","usgsCitation":"Taylor, K., Grace, J., Guntenspergen, G., and Foote, A., 1994, The interactive effects of herbivory and fire on an oligohaline marsh, Little Lake, Louisiana, USA: Wetlands, v. 14, no. 2, p. 82-87, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03160624.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"82","endPage":"87","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258237,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Little Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.25886535644531,\n 29.441092510471666\n ],\n [\n -90.05767822265625,\n 29.441092510471666\n ],\n [\n -90.05767822265625,\n 29.589878512974966\n ],\n [\n -90.25886535644531,\n 29.589878512974966\n ],\n [\n -90.25886535644531,\n 29.441092510471666\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad51e4b08c986b323b25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, K.L.","contributorId":80021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grace, J.B. 0000-0001-6374-4726","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":38938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guntenspergen, G.R. 0000-0002-8593-0244","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-0244","contributorId":95424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guntenspergen","given":"G.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Foote, A.L.","contributorId":66435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foote","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70039472,"text":"70039472 - 1994 - What do maps show?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-03T13:18:05","indexId":"70039472","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":362,"text":"General Information Product","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"What do maps show?","docAbstract":"The purpose of the teaching package is to help students understand and use maps. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has provided the package as a service to educators so that more Americans will learn to understand the world of information on maps. Everything in the package teaches and reinforces geographic skills that are required in your curriculum.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70039472","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1994, What do maps show?: General Information Product, 14 Documents, https://doi.org/10.3133/70039472.","productDescription":"14 Documents","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":259465,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039472/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":358101,"rank":8,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039472/activity-1.pdf","text":"Activity 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Introduction to maps"},{"id":358102,"rank":9,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039472/activity-2.pdf","text":"Activity 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Some things you need to know to read a map"},{"id":358103,"rank":10,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039472/activity-3.pdf","text":"Activity 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"What you can learn from a map"},{"id":358104,"rank":11,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039472/activity-4.pdf","text":"Activity 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"How to read a topographic map"},{"id":358105,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039472/background.pdf","text":"Teacher Background","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":358106,"rank":15,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039472/evaluation.pdf","text":"Evaluation","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":358107,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039472/lesson-1.pdf","text":"Lesson 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Introduction to maps"},{"id":358108,"rank":5,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039472/lesson-2.pdf","text":"Lesson 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Some things you need to know to read a map"},{"id":358109,"rank":6,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039472/lesson-3.pdf","text":"Lesson 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"What you can learn from a map"},{"id":358110,"rank":7,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039472/lesson-4.pdf","text":"Lesson 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"How to read a topographic map"},{"id":358111,"rank":12,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039472/roadmap.pdf","text":"Road Map","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":358112,"rank":13,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039472/shadedmap.pdf","text":"Shaded Relief Map","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":358113,"rank":14,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039472/topomap.pdf","text":"Topographic Relief Map","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":358114,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039472/poster.pdf","text":"Poster","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd033e4b08c986b32ed12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70006572,"text":"70006572 - 1994 - Use of defluorinated rock phosphate in trout and salmon diets to reduce soluble waste phosphorus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-28T09:55:57","indexId":"70006572","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":855,"text":"Aquaculture Magazine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of defluorinated rock phosphate in trout and salmon diets to reduce soluble waste phosphorus","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquaculture Magazine","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Achill River Corporation","publisherLocation":"Asheville, NC","usgsCitation":"Ketola, H.G., 1994, Use of defluorinated rock phosphate in trout and salmon diets to reduce soluble waste phosphorus: Aquaculture Magazine, v. 20, no. 6, p. 85-85.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"85","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263439,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e5615ae4b0a4aa5bb04404","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ketola, H. G.","contributorId":60976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ketola","given":"H.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70006922,"text":"70006922 - 1994 - Quantifying precision of in situ length and weight measurements of fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-27T09:32:16","indexId":"70006922","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying precision of in situ length and weight measurements of fish","docAbstract":"We estimated and compared errors in field-made (in situ) measurements of lengths and weights of fish. We made three measurements of length and weight on each of 33 common carp Cyprinus carpio, and on each of a total of 34 bluegills Lepomis macrochirus and black crappies Pomoxis nigromaculatus. Maximum total lengths of all fish were measured to the nearest 1 mm on a conventional measuring board. The bluegills and black crappies (85–282 mm maximum total length) were weighed to the nearest 1 g on a 1,000-g spring-loaded scale. The common carp (415–600 mm maximum total length) were weighed to the nearest 0.05 kg on a 20-kg spring-loaded scale. We present a statistical model for comparison of coefficients of variation of length (Cl ) and weight (Cw ). Expected Cl was near zero and constant across mean length, indicating that length can be measured with good precision in the field. Expected Cw decreased with increasing mean length, and was larger than expected Cl by 5.8 to over 100 times for the bluegills and black crappies, and by 3 to over 20 times for the common carp. Unrecognized in situ weighing errors bias the apparent content of unique information in weight, which is the information not explained by either length or measurement error. We recommend procedures to circumvent effects of weighing errors, including elimination of unnecessary weighing from routine monitoring programs. In situ weighing must be conducted with greater care than is common if the content of unique and nontrivial information in weight is to be correctly identified.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(1994)014<0318:QPOISL>2.3.CO;2","collaboration":"Abstract has subscript/superscript to be fixed","usgsCitation":"Gutreuter, S., and Krzoska, D., 1994, Quantifying precision of in situ length and weight measurements of fish: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 14, no. 2, p. 318-322, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1994)014<0318:QPOISL>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"318","endPage":"322","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263405,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263404,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1994)014<0318:QPOISL>2.3.CO;2"}],"volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4977fe4b0e8fec6cd9a39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gutreuter, S.","contributorId":79829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutreuter","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krzoska, D.J.","contributorId":34006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krzoska","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70005355,"text":"70005355 - 1994 - Cadmium (Materials Flow)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:56","indexId":"70005355","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":36,"text":"Information Circular","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"9380","title":"Cadmium (Materials Flow)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Bureau of Mines","usgsCitation":"Llewellyn, T.O., 1994, Cadmium (Materials Flow): Information Circular 9380, 17 p.","productDescription":"17 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203891,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":92192,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/usbmic/ic-9380/cadmium.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f984c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Llewellyn, Thomas O.","contributorId":107412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Llewellyn","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70005356,"text":"70005356 - 1994 - Chromium Life Cycle Study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:56","indexId":"70005356","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":36,"text":"Information Circular","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"9411","title":"Chromium Life Cycle Study","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Bureau of Mines","usgsCitation":"Papp, J.F., 1994, Chromium Life Cycle Study: Information Circular 9411, 94 p.","productDescription":"94 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203892,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":92193,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/usbmic/ic-9411/ic-9411.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e0ecf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Papp, John F. jpapp@usgs.gov","contributorId":2895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papp","given":"John","email":"jpapp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70005343,"text":"70005343 - 1994 - Materials Flow of Arsenic in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:56","indexId":"70005343","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":36,"text":"Information Circular","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"9382","title":"Materials Flow of Arsenic in the United States","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Bureau of Mines","usgsCitation":"Loebenstein, J.R., 1994, Materials Flow of Arsenic in the United States: Information Circular 9382, 12 p.","productDescription":"12 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203895,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":92190,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/usbmic/ic-9382/arsenic.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db60fef5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loebenstein, J. Roger","contributorId":108240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loebenstein","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Roger","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70000602,"text":"70000602 - 1994 - Measurement of radon gas on major faults in California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:37","indexId":"70000602","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:30","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":646,"text":"Acta Seismologica Sinica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Measurement of radon gas on major faults in California, USA","docAbstract":"Abundant data have been gathered through measurements of radon gas emission in the soil on several major active faults, such as San Andreas and Calaveras, in California, U.S.A.. They show radon emissions and their spatial variations at the unlocked, locked, and creeping sections of faults with different tectonic movements. The characteristics of these variations and the role of fault gases in the research on earthquake prediction are discussed in this paper. ?? 1994 Acta Seismologica Sinica.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Acta Seismologica Sinica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of China","doi":"10.1007/BF02651919","issn":"10009116","usgsCitation":"Zhang, W., and King, C., 1994, Measurement of radon gas on major faults in California, USA: Acta Seismologica Sinica, v. 7, no. 1, p. 159-165, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02651919.","startPage":"159","endPage":"165","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":18973,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02651919"},{"id":203368,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a28e4b07f02db61118e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, W.","contributorId":92399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, C.-Y.","contributorId":81225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"C.-Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70205392,"text":"70205392 - 1994 - Hydrologic processes controlling sulfate mobility in a small forested watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-19T10:47:08","indexId":"70205392","displayToPublicDate":"2010-07-09T10:11:49","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic processes controlling sulfate mobility in a small forested watershed","docAbstract":"Hydrologic controls on sulfate mobility were investigated in a forested catchment in the Georgia Piedmont using a watershed mass balance approach. Variations in annual sulfate export were governed primarily by differences in runoff rather than by differences in sulfate deposition or in total annual precipitation. However, 2 years with similar total runoff had substantially different sulfate export. A residual analysis indicated that a shift in the concentration‐discharge relationship accounted for 72% of the difference in sulfate export and that a change in the pattern of discharge accounted for the remainder of the difference. Stream water sulfate concentrations reflected past hydrologic conditions. Concentrations at the same discharge were higher following an extended dry period than following average periods. The elevation in stream water sulfate concentrations following dry periods persisted for several months. The influence of rainfall patterns on sulfate export underscores the need for long‐term records to adequately characterize the acidification status of the watershed and to understand trends in water quality.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/93WR02950","usgsCitation":"Huntington, T.G., Hooper, R.P., and Aulenbach, B.T., 1994, Hydrologic processes controlling sulfate mobility in a small forested watershed: Water Resources Research, v. 30, no. 2, p. 283-295, https://doi.org/10.1029/93WR02950.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"283","endPage":"295","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":367471,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Panola Mountain Research Watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.19046401977539,\n 33.60575555447343\n ],\n [\n -84.19046401977539,\n 33.654066160697056\n ],\n [\n -84.12368774414062,\n 33.654066160697056\n ],\n [\n -84.12368774414062,\n 33.60575555447343\n ],\n [\n -84.19046401977539,\n 33.60575555447343\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huntington, Thomas G. 0000-0002-9427-3530 thunting@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-3530","contributorId":117440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"Thomas","email":"thunting@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":771035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hooper, R. P.","contributorId":26321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooper","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":771036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aulenbach, Brent T. 0000-0003-2863-1288 btaulenb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2863-1288","contributorId":3057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aulenbach","given":"Brent","email":"btaulenb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":771037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5222760,"text":"5222760 - 1994 - Can activity traps assess aquatic insect abundance at the landscape level?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:39","indexId":"5222760","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:04","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1132,"text":"Bulletin of the North American Benthological Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Can activity traps assess aquatic insect abundance at the landscape level?","docAbstract":"We used activity traps as designed by Riley and Bookhout (1990. Wetlands) to sample aquatic invertebrates as part of a study to characterize wetlands on a forested and an agricultural landscape (ca. 1,000 mi'2) in northern. Maine. Eight wetlands (5 from agricultural and 3 from forested landscapes) were sampled at random from 50 wetlands surveyed for waterfowl broods. At the landscape level, insect abundance (mean no./ trap), fish abundance (mean no./trap), percent vegetation, and water chemistry variables (pH, ANC, SPCOND, Ca, Mg, K, Na, Cl) were different between landscapes. Furthermore, nearly as many fish (2,112) were caught as were insects (2,443); 47% of the 332 traps contained fish, but 84 traps accounted for 94% of the fish caught. When >4 fish were in a trap fewer insects were in the trap. Differences in water temperature among wetlands and differences in rates of escape among insect orders affected the number of different taxa caught. Until capture success of activity traps is better understood, results from activity traps should be used with care.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the North American Benthological Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Boobar, L., Gibbs, K., and Longcore, J.R., 1994, Can activity traps assess aquatic insect abundance at the landscape level?: Bulletin of the North American Benthological Society, v. 11, no. 1.","productDescription":"94 (Abstract No. 60)","startPage":"94 (Abstra","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194130,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a01e4b07f02db5f7ebd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boobar, L.R.","contributorId":34608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boobar","given":"L.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gibbs, K.E.","contributorId":96371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibbs","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Longcore, J. R. 0000-0003-4898-5438","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4898-5438","contributorId":43835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longcore","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5222675,"text":"5222675 - 1994 - Habitat use and movements of postfledging American black ducks (Anas rubripes) in the St. Lawrence estuary, Quebec","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-16T00:24:22.534279","indexId":"5222675","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:04","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat use and movements of postfledging American black ducks (Anas rubripes) in the St. Lawrence estuary, Quebec","docAbstract":"We used radiotelemetry to determine habitat use and movements of 38 female juvenile American black ducks (Anas rubripes) on the north shore of the St. Lawrence estuary, Quebec, from 28 August to 15 November 1991. Ducks separated into three groups based on habitat use: inland, estuarine, and those using a mixture of habitats. Ducks using mixed habitats used the greatest variety of habitat types, flew the greatest distances and most often between night roosts and day foraging areas, and were unlikely to be shot. The mean distance flown between night-use and day-use areas for all ducks increased nearly 50% after the hunting season began (overall mean = 6104 m, range 1500 - 26384 m). Mean home range size was 27.6 t 6.5 (SE) km2. Ducks exhibited stronger fidelity to wetlands used at night than to those used during the day. Ducks that were shot spent a high percentage of their time on the estuary (90.1 t 7.4 %) and exhibited high fidelity to a day-use area before the hunting season (73 t 7.3 %).","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","usgsCitation":"Clugston, D., Longcore, J.R., McAuley, D., and Dupuis, P., 1994, Habitat use and movements of postfledging American black ducks (Anas rubripes) in the St. Lawrence estuary, Quebec: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 72, no. 12, p. 2100-2104.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"2100","endPage":"2104","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197448,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db6485fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clugston, D.A.","contributorId":19657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clugston","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Longcore, J. R. 0000-0003-4898-5438","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4898-5438","contributorId":43835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longcore","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McAuley, D.G. 0000-0003-3674-6392","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3674-6392","contributorId":15296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAuley","given":"D.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dupuis, P.","contributorId":49482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dupuis","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5223423,"text":"5223423 - 1994 - Bone layers associated with ecdysis in laboratory-reared Boiga irregularis (Colubridae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-26T21:53:18.16992","indexId":"5223423","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:04","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bone layers associated with ecdysis in laboratory-reared Boiga irregularis (Colubridae)","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","doi":"10.2307/1564540","usgsCitation":"Collins, E., and Rodda, G., 1994, Bone layers associated with ecdysis in laboratory-reared Boiga irregularis (Colubridae): Journal of Herpetology, v. 28, no. 3, p. 378-381, https://doi.org/10.2307/1564540.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"378","endPage":"381","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200042,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1be4b07f02db60731a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collins, E.P.","contributorId":37856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"E.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodda, G.H.","contributorId":103998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodda","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5222644,"text":"5222644 - 1994 - Nutritional restriction and acid-base balance in white-tailed deer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-10T00:01:47.932582","indexId":"5222644","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:04","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nutritional restriction and acid-base balance in white-tailed deer","docAbstract":"We examined the effect of progressive nutritional restriction on acid-base balance in seven captive, adult white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from 4 February to 5 May 1988 in north central Minnesota (USA). Metabolic acidosis was indicated by low mean blood pH (7.25 to 7.33) in deer throughout the study. Mean urinary pH values declined (P = 0.020) from a mean (±SE) baseline of 8.3 ± 0.1 to 6.7 ± 0.3 as restriction progressed. Acidemia and aciduria were associated with significant variations in mean blood CO2 (P = 0.006) and pO2 (P = 0.032), serum potassium (P = 0.004) concentrations, and with a significant (P = 0.104) handling date × group interaction in urinary potassium : creatinine values. Mean bicarbonate : carbonic acid ratios were consistently below 20:1 during nutritional restriction. Mean packed cell volume increased (P = 0.019) and serum total protein decreased (P = 0.001); thus there was evidence for progressive dehydration and net protein catabolism, respectively. Blood pCO2, serum sodium, and urinary sodium : creatinine were stable throughout the study. We propose that acidosis and aciduria are metabolic complications associated with nutritional restriction of white-tailed deer.