{"pageNumber":"3944","pageRowStart":"98575","pageSize":"25","recordCount":185143,"records":[{"id":5222638,"text":"5222638 - 1994 - In my experience:  Improved capture techniques for psittacines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:07","indexId":"5222638","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:49","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In my experience:  Improved capture techniques for psittacines","docAbstract":"Four methods for capturing psittacines were developed and tested in Puerto Rico from 1991-1993. Elevated mist nets at canopy height in scrub-forest or mangrove habitat captured fewer nontarget birds and possibly more parakeets than mist nets at ground level. Playback of conspecific calls may have attracted parakeets to the net area and reduced the need to erect more than six 12-m long nets. Using 6 nets instead of 12 also reduced the capture rate and captures of nontarget birds. This reduced disturbance at the netting site.....Mist nets, 7.3 m high, surrounding a tree with live decoys within the circle of nets captured parrots effectively when conspecific vocalizations of foraging parrots were played. More parrot captures occurred when the birds were frightened as they approached the decoy inside and below the circle of nets during the early morning. Nets at lower heights (5.8 m) and nets centered perpendicularly on a tree with picture and live decoys failed to capture parrots.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Meyers, J., 1994, In my experience:  Improved capture techniques for psittacines: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 22, no. 3, p. 511-516.","productDescription":"511-516","startPage":"511","endPage":"516","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194222,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16084,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3783397","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"22","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c355","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyers, J.M.","contributorId":54307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyers","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5222698,"text":"5222698 - 1994 - Metals in diet of Bering Sea walrus: <i>Mya</i> sp. as a possible transmitter of elevated cadmium and other metals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-08T12:28:32","indexId":"5222698","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:49","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2676,"text":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metals in diet of Bering Sea walrus: <i>Mya</i> sp. as a possible transmitter of elevated cadmium and other metals","docAbstract":"<p>Elevated levels of cadmium in Pacific walrus (<i>Odobenus rosmarus divergens</i>) and northern fur seals (<i>Callorhinus ursinus</i>) have been reported in populations from the Bering Sea (Goldblatt &amp; Anthony, 1983; Taylor <i>et al</i>., 1989). Russian and US authorities are concerned because of the possible health hazards from consuming pinniped meat harvested for subsistence peoples. The effects of cadmium on marine mammals have not been determined, but high concentrations of this element in humans and laboratory animals have been correlated with renal, skeletal, and biochemical dysfunctions (Friberg <i>et al</i>., 1986). </p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-326X(94)90133-3","usgsCitation":"Miles, A.K., and Hills, S., 1994, Metals in diet of Bering Sea walrus: <i>Mya</i> sp. as a possible transmitter of elevated cadmium and other metals: Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 28, no. 7, p. 456-458, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-326X(94)90133-3.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"456","endPage":"458","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196551,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia, United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Bering Sea","volume":"28","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4fe4b07f02db628766","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miles, A. Keith 0000-0002-3108-808X keith_miles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3108-808X","contributorId":196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miles","given":"A.","email":"keith_miles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Keith","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":336886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hills, Susan","contributorId":103995,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hills","given":"Susan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5222695,"text":"5222695 - 1994 - Relation among cytochrome P450, AH-active PCB congeners and dioxin equivalents in pipping black-crowned night-heron embryos","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-23T11:26:17","indexId":"5222695","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:49","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relation among cytochrome P450, AH-active PCB congeners and dioxin equivalents in pipping black-crowned night-heron embryos","docAbstract":"Pipping black-crowned night-heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) embryos were collected from a relatively uncontaminated site (next to Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge, VA) and three polluted sites (Cat Island, Green Bay, Lake Michigan, WI; Bair Island, San Francisco Bay,  CA; West Marin Island, San Francisco Bay, CA). Hepatic cytochrome P-450-associated monooxygenases and cytochrome P-450 proteins, induced up to 85-fold relative to the reference site, were associated with concentrations of total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 11 PCB congeners that are presumed to express toxicity through the arylhydrocarbon (Ah) receptor.  Multiple regression revealed that up to 86% of the variation of cytochrome P450 measurements was accounted for by variation in the concentration of these PCB congeners.  Toxic equivalents (TEQs) of sample  extracts, predicted mathematically (summed product of PCB congener concentrations and toxic equivalency factors), and dioxin equivalents  (TCDD-EQs), derived by bioassay (ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase activity of treated H4IIE rat hepatoma cells), were greatest in Cat Island samples.  Cytochrome P450-associated monooxygenases and cytochrome P450 proteins were related to TEQs and TCDD-EQs; adjusted r-2 often exceeded  0.5 for the relation among mathematically predicted TEQs and cytochrome P450 measurements.  These data extend previous observations in heron  embryos of an association between P450 and total PCB burdens to include Ah-active PCB congeners, and presumably other compounds, which interact similarly with the Ah receptor.  Benzyloxyresorufin O-dealkylase, ethoxyresorufin O-dealkylase, and cytochrome P450 1A appear to be the most reliable measures of exposure to Ah-active PCB congeners in black-crowned night-heron embryos.  These findings provide further evidence that cytochrome P450-associated parameters have considerable value as a biomarker for assessing environmental contamination of wetlands.","language":"English","publisher":"SETAC","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620131112","usgsCitation":"Rattner, B., Hatfield, J., Melancon, M.J., Custer, T., and Tillitt, D.E., 1994, Relation among cytochrome P450, AH-active PCB congeners and dioxin equivalents in pipping black-crowned night-heron embryos: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 13, no. 11, p. 1805-1812, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620131112.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1805","endPage":"1812","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194180,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1994-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c357","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":95843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett A.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":336876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hatfield, Jeff S.","contributorId":41372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatfield","given":"Jeff S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Melancon, M. J.","contributorId":96206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melancon","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Custer, T. W. 0000-0003-3170-6519","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":91802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"T. W.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":336875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tillitt, D. E.","contributorId":83462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5222624,"text":"5222624 - 1994 - Migration bearing and distance memory by translocated white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-14T00:59:31.835716","indexId":"5222624","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:49","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1163,"text":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Migration bearing and distance memory by translocated white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club","usgsCitation":"Nelson, M., 1994, Migration bearing and distance memory by translocated white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus: Canadian Field-Naturalist, v. 108, no. 1, p. 74-76.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"74","endPage":"76","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":422544,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/356719"},{"id":199549,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db635424","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, M.E.","contributorId":102021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5222717,"text":"5222717 - 1994 - Population status and trends of grouse and prairie-chickens from the North American Breeding Bird Survey and Christmas Bird Count","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:42","indexId":"5222717","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:49","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3638,"text":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population status and trends of grouse and prairie-chickens from the North American Breeding Bird Survey and Christmas Bird Count","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Sauer, J., Orsillo, S., and Peterjohn, B., 1994, Population status and trends of grouse and prairie-chickens from the North American Breeding Bird Survey and Christmas Bird Count: Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference, v. 59, p. 439-448.","productDescription":"439-448","startPage":"439","endPage":"448","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196822,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db683e16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Orsillo, Sandra","contributorId":106224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orsillo","given":"Sandra","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peterjohn, B.G.","contributorId":25255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterjohn","given":"B.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5222713,"text":"5222713 - 1994 - The 1992 and 1993 summary of the North American Breeding Bird Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:36","indexId":"5222713","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:49","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1051,"text":"Bird Populations","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 1992 and 1993 summary of the North American Breeding Bird Survey","docAbstract":"Using data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS), continental and regional changes in bird populations were estimated for the 2-year periods of 1991-1992 and 1992-1993.  These 2-year changes were placed in the context of population trends since 1966.  During 1991-1992, 62% of all species exhibited positive continental trend estimates.  For species showing significant population trends, 68 increased while 30 decreased.  The percentage of species with positive continental trends was reduced to 45% during 1992-1993, when 39 species exhibited significant increases and 60 experienced significant decreases. Over the entire survey period of 1966-1993, 48% of all species showed positive trend estimates, with the number of species showing significant increases and significant decreases at 94 and 104, respectively.  The continental and regional percentages were also analyzed for 12 groups of North American birds having shared life-history traits.  While many regional patterns existed within these groups, the largest percentages of increasing species were generally found in the Central and Western BBS regions during 1991-1992.  The smallest percentages of increasing species were generally evident in the Western BBS Region during 1992-1993.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bird Populations","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Peterjohn, B., Sauer, J., and Link, W., 1994, The 1992 and 1993 summary of the North American Breeding Bird Survey: Bird Populations, v. 2, p. 46-61.","productDescription":"46-61","startPage":"46","endPage":"61","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193613,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683623","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterjohn, B.G.","contributorId":25255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterjohn","given":"B.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Link, W.A. 0000-0002-9913-0256","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9913-0256","contributorId":8815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"W.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5223760,"text":"5223760 - 1994 - Lipids and proteins in the Rathke's gland secretions of the North American mud turtle (<i>Kinosternon subrubrum</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-06T14:09:12","indexId":"5223760","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:49","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5296,"text":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part B: Comparative Biochemistry","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lipids and proteins in the Rathke's gland secretions of the North American mud turtle (<i>Kinosternon subrubrum</i>)","docAbstract":"<p>Lipids and proteins in the Rathke's gland secretions of the North American mud turtle (<i>Kinosternon subrubrum</i>, Kinosternidae) were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), respectively. Analysis by GC-MS indicates 2,3-dihydroxypropanal and C<sub>3</sub>–C<sub>24</sub> free or esterified fatty acids. Analysis by SDS-PAGE indicates a major protein component with an approximate molecular mass of 60 kDa and minor components ranging from <i>ca.</i> 23 to 34 kDa. The major component of <i>K. subrubrum</i> glandular secretions exhibits a mobility that matches that of the Kemp's ridley sea turtle (<i>Lepidochelys kempi</i>, Cheloniidae), suggesting that these proteins are evolutionarily conserved.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0305-0491(94)90029-9","usgsCitation":"Seifert, W., Gotte, S., Leto, T., and Weldon, P., 1994, Lipids and proteins in the Rathke's gland secretions of the North American mud turtle (<i>Kinosternon subrubrum</i>): Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part B: Comparative Biochemistry, v. 109, no. 2/3, p. 459-463, https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-0491(94)90029-9.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"459","endPage":"463","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200016,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"109","issue":"2/3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4fbb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seifert, W.E. Jr.","contributorId":13346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seifert","given":"W.E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gotte, S.W.","contributorId":69096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gotte","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leto, T.L.","contributorId":43886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leto","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weldon, P.J.","contributorId":94764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weldon","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5223419,"text":"5223419 - 1994 - Labrador retriever assists in ecological research for the NPS","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:42","indexId":"5223419","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:49","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3014,"text":"Park Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Labrador retriever assists in ecological research for the NPS","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Park Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"4628_O'Connell.pdf","usgsCitation":"O'Connell, A., 1994, Labrador retriever assists in ecological research for the NPS: Park Science, v. 14, no. 4.","productDescription":"25","startPage":"25","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16091,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www2.nature.nps.gov/parksci/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":200038,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b43d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O'Connell, A.F. Jr. 0000-0001-7032-7023","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7032-7023","contributorId":24055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Connell","given":"A.F.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5222733,"text":"5222733 - 1994 - Observer differences in the North American Breeding Bird Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T17:18:09","indexId":"5222733","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:49","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observer differences in the North American Breeding Bird Survey","docAbstract":"<p><span>Because count data collected in many bird surveys are only an index to population size, factors that can influence the counts must be identified and incorporated into analyses. Observer quality is often ignored in analyses of population changes from survey data, but observers differ in methods and capabilities and, hence, tend to count different numbers of birds. We assess the consequences of between-observer differences in counts for estimation of population trends in the North American Breeding Bird Survey. Observer differences in numbers of birds counted were found in 50% of the 369 species we examined. For many species, observers in later years tended to count more birds than observers in earlier years, suggesting an increase in observer quality over time. Analysis of population trends from 1966 through 1991 indicates that failure to include observers as covariables in the analysis results in an overly optimistic view of population trends.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4088504","usgsCitation":"Sauer, J., Peterjohn, B., and Link, W., 1994, Observer differences in the North American Breeding Bird Survey: The Auk, v. 111, no. 1, p. 50-62, https://doi.org/10.2307/4088504.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"50","endPage":"62","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479302,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4088504","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":196613,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db6963b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterjohn, B.G.","contributorId":25255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterjohn","given":"B.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Link, W.A. 0000-0002-9913-0256","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9913-0256","contributorId":8815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"W.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5222727,"text":"5222727 - 1994 - Falcon versus grouse: flight adaptations of a predator and its prey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:42","indexId":"5222727","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:49","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2190,"text":"Journal of Avian Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Falcon versus grouse: flight adaptations of a predator and its prey","docAbstract":"Several falcons were trained to fly along a 500 m course to a lure. The air speeds of the more consistent performers averaged about 1.5 times their calculated minimum power speeds, and occasionally reached 2.1 times the minimum power speed. Wing beat frequencies of all the falcons were above those estimated from earlier field observations, and the same was true of wild Sage Grouse Centrocercus urophasianus, a regular falconer's quarry in the study area. Measurements of grouse killed by falcons showed that their wings were short, with broad slotted tips, whereas the falcons' wings were longer in relation to their body mass, and tapered. The short wings of grouse result in fast flight, high power requirements, and reduced capacity for aerobic flight. Calculations indicated that the grouse should fly faster than the falcons, and had the large amount of flight muscle needed to do so, but that the falcons would be capable of prolonged aerobic flight, whereas the grouse probably would not. We surmise that Sage Grouse cannot fly continuously without incurring an oxygen debt, and are therefore not long-distance migrants, although this limitation is partly due to their large size, and would not apply to smaller galliform birds such as ptarmigan Lagopus spp. The wing action seen in video recordings of the falcons was not consistent with the maintenance of constant circulation. We call it 'chase mode' because it appears to be associated with a high level of muscular exertion, without special regard to fuel economy. It shows features in common with the 'bounding' flight of passerines.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Avian Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Pennycuick, C., Fuller, M., Oar, J., and Kirkpatrick, S., 1994, Falcon versus grouse: flight adaptations of a predator and its prey: Journal of Avian Biology, v. 25, no. 1, p. 39-49.","productDescription":"39-49","startPage":"39","endPage":"49","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16092,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3677292","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":196749,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49ffe4b07f02db5f7901","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pennycuick, C.J.","contributorId":59133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pennycuick","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuller, M.R.","contributorId":71278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oar, J.J.","contributorId":70879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oar","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kirkpatrick, S.J.","contributorId":6549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirkpatrick","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5222699,"text":"5222699 - 1994 - Declines in organochlorines in eggs of red-breasted mergansers from Lake Michigan, 1977-78 versus 1990","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-16T17:29:33.357888","indexId":"5222699","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:48","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Declines in organochlorines in eggs of red-breasted mergansers from Lake Michigan, 1977-78 versus 1990","docAbstract":"<p><span>From 1977–1978 to 1990, concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and most organochlorine pesticides declined in eggs of red-breasted mergansers (</span><i>Mergus serrator</i><span>) nesting on islands in northwestern Lake Michigan. Total PCBs decreased 60% (from 21 ppm in 1977–1978 to 8.5 ppm in 1990) and&nbsp;</span><i>p,p</i><span>′-DDE decreased 66% (from 6.5 to 2.2 ppm). Dieldrin decreased only 16% (from 0.82 to 0.69 ppm). In 1990, 79.1% of incubated eggs hatched, which was not significantly different from the 83.5% that hatched in 1977–1978.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00547060","usgsCitation":"Heinz, G.H., Miller, D.S., Ebert, B., and Stromborg, K., 1994, Declines in organochlorines in eggs of red-breasted mergansers from Lake Michigan, 1977-78 versus 1990: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 33, no. 3, p. 175-182, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00547060.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"175","endPage":"182","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196552,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672681","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heinz, G. H.","contributorId":85905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinz","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, D. S.","contributorId":64260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ebert, B.J.","contributorId":33014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebert","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stromborg, K. L.","contributorId":34466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stromborg","given":"K. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5222772,"text":"5222772 - 1994 - Reproductive success of barn swallows nesting near a selenium-contaminated lake in east Texas, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-27T09:55:40","indexId":"5222772","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:48","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reproductive success of barn swallows nesting near a selenium-contaminated lake in east Texas, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Reproductive success and contaminant levels in 1986 and 1987 were compared between Barn Swallows nesting at selenium-contaminated Martin Lake, Texas, USA, and swallows nesting at a reference site. Nests were initiated about the same time or earlier at Martin Lake than at the reference site and clutch size was similar between the two locations. Nest success was significantly higher at Martin Lake than at the reference site and no embryo or chick deformities were documented. Selenium concentrations in 14 of 20 eggs from Martin Lake were above background (&gt; 3 ppm, dry weight); two of 20 eggs contained &gt; 5 ppm, a concentration associated with a 20% embryo mortality/deformity rate in some bird species. Selenium concentrations in the kidneys of adult swallows were higher at Martin Lake (mean = 14 ppm dry weight) than at the reference site (5·8 ppm). DDE, the only detected organochlorine compound, was in two of 10 eggs from Martin Lake; these concentrations were below those associated with chronic poisoning and reproductive problems. The maximum mercury concentration in livers of adult Barn Swallows (0·83 ppm, dry weight) was within the range for background levels (&gt;5 ppm).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0269-7491(94)90070-1","usgsCitation":"King, K.A., Custer, T., and Weaver, D., 1994, Reproductive success of barn swallows nesting near a selenium-contaminated lake in east Texas, USA: Environmental Pollution, v. 84, no. 1, p. 53-58, https://doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(94)90070-1.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"58","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198405,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Martin Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.6255874633789,\n              32.17619366706981\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.52499389648438,\n              32.17619366706981\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.52499389648438,\n              32.28568142693891\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.6255874633789,\n              32.28568142693891\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.6255874633789,\n              32.17619366706981\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"84","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a55e4b07f02db62c797","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, Kirk A.","contributorId":9203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Kirk","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Custer, T. W. 0000-0003-3170-6519","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":91802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"T. W.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":337103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weaver, D.A.","contributorId":33284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5223427,"text":"5223427 - 1994 - A brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis) sighting from Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:42","indexId":"5223427","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:48","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3534,"text":"Texas Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis) sighting from Texas","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Texas Journal of Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"McCoid, M.J., Fritts, T.H., and Campbell, E., 1994, A brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis) sighting from Texas: Texas Journal of Science, v. 46, p. 365-368.","productDescription":"365-368","startPage":"365","endPage":"368","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200113,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b1139","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCoid, M. J.","contributorId":49077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCoid","given":"M.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fritts, T. H.","contributorId":40147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritts","given":"T.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Campbell, E.W. III","contributorId":55390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"E.W.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5223418,"text":"5223418 - 1994 - Habitat preferences of Peromyscus spp. in a mixed boreal ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-14T01:02:00.656761","indexId":"5223418","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:48","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1163,"text":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat preferences of Peromyscus spp. in a mixed boreal ecosystem","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club","usgsCitation":"Garman, S., O'Connell, A., and Connery, J., 1994, Habitat preferences of Peromyscus spp. in a mixed boreal ecosystem: Canadian Field-Naturalist, v. 108, no. 1, p. 67-71.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"71","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200037,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db64874a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garman, S.","contributorId":16957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garman","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O'Connell, A.F. Jr. 0000-0001-7032-7023","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7032-7023","contributorId":24055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Connell","given":"A.F.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Connery, J.H.","contributorId":102607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connery","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5223748,"text":"5223748 - 1994 - Identification of sex in Boiga irregularis: Implications for population dynamics in Guam","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-26T21:55:06.118946","indexId":"5223748","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:48","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identification of sex in Boiga irregularis: Implications for population dynamics in Guam","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","doi":"10.2307/1564541","usgsCitation":"Jordan, M., and Rodda, G., 1994, Identification of sex in Boiga irregularis: Implications for population dynamics in Guam: Journal of Herpetology, v. 28, no. 3, p. 381-384, https://doi.org/10.2307/1564541.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"381","endPage":"384","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199816,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c79a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jordan, M.A.","contributorId":74847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodda, G.H.","contributorId":103998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodda","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5223424,"text":"5223424 - 1994 - Symptoms and circumstances associated with bites by the brown tree snake (Colubridae: Boiga irregularis) on Guam","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-26T21:57:13.559842","indexId":"5223424","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:48","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Symptoms and circumstances associated with bites by the brown tree snake (Colubridae: Boiga irregularis) on Guam","docAbstract":"A review of 94 cases of snakebite by the brown tree snake, Boiga irregularis, in Guam spanning a two year period shows a high proportion (80%) involve victims bitten while sleeping in their homes at night. Some bites apparently involve attempts to feed on small children. Of all children less than 1 yr old that were bitten in a two year period, infants 1-3 mo old comprised 82%. The symptoms exhibited by children are more severe than those experienced by adults. The snake is a rear-fanged (i.e., has enlarged and grooved teeth on the posterior maxillae) colubrid with a moderately large Duvernoy's gland.","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","doi":"10.2307/1564676","usgsCitation":"Fritts, T.H., McCoid, M.J., and Haddock, R., 1994, Symptoms and circumstances associated with bites by the brown tree snake (Colubridae: Boiga irregularis) on Guam: Journal of Herpetology, v. 28, no. 1, p. 27-33, https://doi.org/10.2307/1564676.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"33","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199066,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db687ea2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fritts, T. H.","contributorId":40147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritts","given":"T.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCoid, M. J.","contributorId":49077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCoid","given":"M.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haddock, R.L.","contributorId":51872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haddock","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5223588,"text":"5223588 - 1994 - First specimens of sooty shearwater, Newell's shearwater, and white-faced storm-petrel from American Samoa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:35","indexId":"5223588","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:48","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2902,"text":"Notornis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"First specimens of sooty shearwater, Newell's shearwater, and white-faced storm-petrel from American Samoa","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Notornis","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Grant, G., Trail, P., and Clapp, R.B., 1994, First specimens of sooty shearwater, Newell's shearwater, and white-faced storm-petrel from American Samoa: Notornis, v. 41, no. 3, p. 215-217.","productDescription":"215-217","startPage":"215","endPage":"217","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202016,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f9e4b07f02db5f350c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grant, G.S.","contributorId":19270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trail, P.W.","contributorId":18482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trail","given":"P.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clapp, R. B.","contributorId":9371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clapp","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5222682,"text":"5222682 - 1994 - Prevalence of eustrongylidosis in wading birds from colonies in California, Texas, and Rhode Island, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-23T14:05:07","indexId":"5222682","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:48","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1272,"text":"Colonial Waterbirds","printIssn":"07386028","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prevalence of eustrongylidosis in wading birds from colonies in California, Texas, and Rhode Island, USA","docAbstract":"<p>Snowy Egret (Egretta thula) and Black-crowned Night-Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) nestlings from colonies in Texas, Rhode Island, and California and Great Egret (Casmerodius albus) nestlings from Texas were examined for eustrongylidosis, or infection by the parasitic nematode Eustrongylides spp. In 31% (24/77) of all broods examined, at least one nestling was infected. Snowy Egret broods from Texas were more frequently (100%) infected than those from California (20%) or Rhode Island (10%), and the prevalence of eustrongylidosis in 5- and 10-day-old Snowy Egret nestlings was higher in the Texas colony than the other two. Within the Texas colony, the frequency of eustrongylidosis was greater for Snowy Egret (100%) and Great Egret (80%) broods than for Black-crowned Night-Heron broods (12.5%). Also in Texas, eustrongylidosis was more frequent in 5-day-old Snowy Egret nestlings than 5-day-old Black-crowned Night-Heron or Great Egret nestlings, and in 10-day-old Snowy Egret nestlings than in 10-day-old Black-crowned Night-Heron nestlings. Eustrongylides spp. caused perforations of the gastrointestinal tract and peritonitis, particularly in Snowy Egrets.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Waterbird Society","doi":"10.2307/1521295","usgsCitation":"Franson, J.C., and Custer, T., 1994, Prevalence of eustrongylidosis in wading birds from colonies in California, Texas, and Rhode Island, USA: Colonial Waterbirds, v. 17, no. 2, p. 168-172, https://doi.org/10.2307/1521295.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"168","endPage":"172","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193885,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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C. 0000-0002-0251-4238","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-4238","contributorId":99071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Custer, T. W. 0000-0003-3170-6519","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":91802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"T. W.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":336834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5223065,"text":"5223065 - 1994 - Bird use of agricultural fields under reduced and conventional tillage in the Texas Panhandle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:07","indexId":"5223065","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:48","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bird use of agricultural fields under reduced and conventional tillage in the Texas Panhandle","docAbstract":"We conducted bird surveys in reduced-tillage and conventional tillage fields in spring, summer, fall, and winter from 1987 to 1991 in the Texas Panhandle.  Eastern meadowlarks, longspurs, and savannah sparrows were more common in reduced-tillage (sorghum and wheat stubble) fields than in conventionally tilled (plowed) fields in at least 1 season.  Other species also had patterns suggestive of greater abundance in reduced-tillage fields.  Hornedlarks, which prefer habitat with sparse vegetation, were more abundant in plowed fields in all seasons except summer.  Bird diversity was greater in reduced-tillage fields than in conventionally tilled fields in summer.  Cover density and height were greater in reduced tillage fields in all seasons except spring.  Cover density and height rather than cover composition (e.g.,grain stubble or live plants) seemed to be the important factors affecting bird distribution.  Patterns of bird abundance between sorghum and wheat stubble fields also were dependent on cover.  Herbicide use was not greater in reduced-tillage fields than in conventionally tilled fields.  Reduced-tillage agriculture for sorghum and wheat farming should be encouraged in the southern Great Plains as a means of improving the attractiveness of agricultural land to many bird species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Flickinger, E.L., and Pendleton, G., 1994, Bird use of agricultural fields under reduced and conventional tillage in the Texas Panhandle: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 22, no. 1, p. 34-42.","productDescription":"34-42","startPage":"34","endPage":"42","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16057,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3783220","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195996,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ae4b07f02db61210b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flickinger, Edward L.","contributorId":48907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flickinger","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pendleton, G.W.","contributorId":51688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pendleton","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5223064,"text":"5223064 - 1994 - Diurnal habitat use of American woodcock wintering along the Atlantic coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-16T00:27:59.556103","indexId":"5223064","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:48","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diurnal habitat use of American woodcock wintering along the Atlantic coast","docAbstract":"The long-term decline of the American woodcock (Scolopax minor) population led us to investigate diurnal habitat use with radiotelemetry on the wintering grounds.  Sites included the coastal plain of Georgia (1989-1991), South Carolina (1988-1989), and Virginia (1991-1992).  Habitat use was not explained by age, sex, or date during the winter, but individuals used habitat differently (P < 0.05).  Only shrubland was preferred at all sites in all years.  Pine plantations of various ages were used according to availability, but usually less often than expected, while bottomland hardwoods and pine - hardwoods were used more often than expected.","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","usgsCitation":"Krementz, D., and Pendleton, G., 1994, Diurnal habitat use of American woodcock wintering along the Atlantic coast: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 72, no. 11, p. 1945-1950.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1945","endPage":"1950","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199777,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6be4b07f02db63d8fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krementz, D.G.","contributorId":74332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krementz","given":"D.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pendleton, G.W.","contributorId":51688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pendleton","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5223051,"text":"5223051 - 1994 - Avian nesting success and diversity in conventionally and organically managed apple orchards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-09T14:41:47.310089","indexId":"5223051","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:48","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Avian nesting success and diversity in conventionally and organically managed apple orchards","docAbstract":"<p><span>This study examines the effects of operational use of pesticides on avian species inhabiting apple orchards in Pennsylvania Mourning dove (</span><i>Zenaida macroura</i><span>) and American robin (</span><i>Turdus migratorius</i><span>) nests were monitored in three organic and three conventional apple orchards during 1990 and 1991 In 1991 we surveyed the avian communities of these orchards by using line transects Organophosphorus (OP) (e g, azinphos methyl, phosphamidon, parathion, dimethoate), carbamate (CA) (e g, methomyl, formetanate, oxamyl), and organochlorine (endosulfan) pesticides, known to be highly toxic to birds, were sprayed individually or in mixtures as part of routine pest management as many as 19 times during peaks in breeding activity Spray card tests revealed that OP pesticides were deposited on 86% of the nests in conventional orchards Daily survival rates (DSRs) for nests of both species were higher in the organic orchards than in the conventional orchards for 1991 and for years combined ( p &lt; 0 05) Species diversity was greater in the organic orchards ( H = 2 43) than in the conventional orchards ( H = 1 79) Repeated applications of pesticides within the conventional orchards reduced the reproductive success of doves and robins and may have lowered avian species diversity compared with organic orchards</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620131015","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Fluetsch, K., and Sparling, D.W., 1994, Avian nesting success and diversity in conventionally and organically managed apple orchards: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 13, no. 10, p. 1651-1659, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620131015.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1651","endPage":"1659","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198142,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":5222631,"text":"5222631 - 1994 - Buffer zones of territories of gray wolves as regions of intraspecific strife","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-27T00:15:56.382988","indexId":"5222631","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:48","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Buffer zones of territories of gray wolves as regions of intraspecific strife","docAbstract":"The locations of 22 territorial gray wolves (Canis lupus) killed by conspecifics in northeastern Minnesota were analyzed in a study involving radio-telemetry from 1968 through 1992.  Twenty-three percent of the wolves were killed precisely on the borders of their estimated territories; 41%, within 1.0 km (16% of the radius of their mean-estimated territory) inside or outside the estimated edge; 91%, within  3.2 km inside or outside (50% of the radius of their mean-estimated territory) of the estimated edge.  This appears to be the first report of intraspecific mortality of mammals along territorial boundaries.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1382251","usgsCitation":"Mech, L., 1994, Buffer zones of territories of gray wolves as regions of intraspecific strife: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 75, no. 1, p. 199-202, https://doi.org/10.2307/1382251.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"199","endPage":"202","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199609,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fa6e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mech, L.D. 0000-0003-3944-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":75466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mech","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5222716,"text":"5222716 - 1994 - Estimating equations estimates of trends","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:38","indexId":"5222716","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:48","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1051,"text":"Bird Populations","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating equations estimates of trends","docAbstract":"The North American Breeding Bird Survey monitors changes in bird populations through time using annual counts at fixed survey sites.  The usual method of estimating trends has been to use the logarithm of the counts in a regression analysis.  It is contended that this procedure is reasonably satisfactory for more abundant species, but produces biased estimates for less abundant species.  An alternative estimation procedure based on estimating equations is presented.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bird Populations","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"4600_Link.pdf","usgsCitation":"Link, W., and Sauer, J., 1994, Estimating equations estimates of trends: Bird Populations, v. 2, p. 23-32.","productDescription":"23-32","startPage":"23","endPage":"32","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194230,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc989","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Link, W.A. 0000-0002-9913-0256","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9913-0256","contributorId":8815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"W.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5223164,"text":"5223164 - 1994 - Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae infection in a captive bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-24T13:41:32","indexId":"5223164","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:48","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2514,"text":"Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae infection in a captive bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)","docAbstract":"<p>An adult bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) kept in captivity for nearly 7 yr at the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, Maryland, died suddenly with gross and microscopic lesions characteristic of septicemia. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae was isolated from the liver. Fish comprised part of the bird's diet and may have been the source of the organism.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians","usgsCitation":"Franson, J., Galbreath, E.J., Wiemeyer, S.N., and Abell, J.M., 1994, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae infection in a captive bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus): Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, v. 25, no. 3, p. 446-448.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"446","endPage":"448","numberOfPages":"3","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Back Bay National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.00616455078125,\n              36.77381749188457\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.948486328125,\n              36.77409249464195\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.90831756591797,\n              36.675027776102\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.88634490966797,\n              36.63013145916884\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.93235015869139,\n              36.605055259475584\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.01577758789062,\n              36.59651095552331\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.02264404296875,\n              36.65767831550165\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.01543426513672,\n              36.69264861993992\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.00513458251953,\n              36.748513018328524\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.00616455078125,\n              36.77381749188457\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fde9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Franson, J. Christian 0000-0002-0251-4238 jfranson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-4238","contributorId":2157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franson","given":"J. Christian","email":"jfranson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":338024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Galbreath, Elizabeth J.","contributorId":95837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galbreath","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wiemeyer, Stanley N.","contributorId":78279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiemeyer","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Abell, John M.","contributorId":98258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abell","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5222637,"text":"5222637 - 1994 - Survival and causes of mortality in juvenile Puerto Rican parrots","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:33","indexId":"5222637","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:48","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival and causes of mortality in juvenile Puerto Rican parrots","docAbstract":"Fifteen juvenile Puerto Rican Parrots (Amazona vittata) from wild nests in 1985, 1986 and 1987 were radio monitored an average of 110 +- 15.9 (SE) d (range 4-209 d) post-fledgling. Minimum survival was 67% (n = 3) in 1985, 100% (n = 4) in 1986 and 43% (n = 7) in 1987. Most mortality (three of five deaths) occurred during the first 35 d following fledgling. A major cause of mortality was predation by raptors. This research shows that additional studies are needed to define mortality causes to juvenile and adult free-flying Puerto Rican Parrots and to develop management guidelines to increase survival.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Field Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Lindsey, G., Arendt, W., and Kalina, J., 1994, Survival and causes of mortality in juvenile Puerto Rican parrots: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 65, no. 1, p. 76-82.","productDescription":"76-82","startPage":"76","endPage":"82","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194301,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16076,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/JFO/v065n01/p0076-p0082.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"65","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b0b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindsey, G.D.","contributorId":75648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsey","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arendt, W.J.","contributorId":72479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arendt","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kalina, Jan","contributorId":63898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalina","given":"Jan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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