{"pageNumber":"3946","pageRowStart":"98625","pageSize":"25","recordCount":185143,"records":[{"id":5223107,"text":"5223107 - 1994 - The ninety-fourth Christmas bird count. Georgia/Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:40","indexId":"5223107","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:40","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2811,"text":"National Audubon Society Field Notes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The ninety-fourth Christmas bird count. Georgia/Florida","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"National Audubon Society Field Notes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Sykes, P., 1994, The ninety-fourth Christmas bird count. Georgia/Florida: National Audubon Society Field Notes, v. 48, no. 4, p. 376-377.","productDescription":"376-377","startPage":"376","endPage":"377","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199851,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b46b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sykes, P.W. Jr.","contributorId":107385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sykes","given":"P.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5223883,"text":"5223883 - 1994 - Adult Slaty-backed Gulls: Variability in mantle color and comments on identification","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:37","indexId":"5223883","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:40","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1056,"text":"Birding","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Adult Slaty-backed Gulls: Variability in mantle color and comments on identification","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Birding","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Gustafson, M., and Peterjohn, B., 1994, Adult Slaty-backed Gulls: Variability in mantle color and comments on identification: Birding, v. 26, no. 4, p. 243-249.","productDescription":"243-249","startPage":"243","endPage":"249","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200136,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699328","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gustafson, M.E.","contributorId":83230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gustafson","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterjohn, B.G.","contributorId":25255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterjohn","given":"B.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5223055,"text":"5223055 - 1994 - Two hybrid common x roseate terns fledge at Falkner Island, Connecticut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-23T15:57:41","indexId":"5223055","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:40","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1320,"text":"The Connecticut Warbler","printIssn":"1077-0283","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Two hybrid common x roseate terns fledge at Falkner Island, Connecticut","docAbstract":"

Although these two similarly-sized species are sympatric throughout much of their breeding range, there are few published records of hybridization between Roseate (Sterna dougallii) and Common (S. hirundo) Terns. Records include at least five from Europe (Witherby and Ticehurst 1908, Perry 1972, Robbins 1974, Burggraeve 1977, van den Berg 1980) and only one from North America (Hays 1975), but we are aware of several unpublished records of hybridization at colonies in Massachusetts (I. Nisbet, pers. comm.) and New York (J. Burger, pers. comm.). Differences in sexual display probably serve as the principal barrier to hybridization (Palmer 1941 ), and in the northeastem United States where both species breed, Common Terns tend to nest in more open areas while Roseate Terns tend to nest in or under cover (Hays 1975, Nisbet 1981, Spendelow 1982, Burger and Gochfeld 1988).

From 1984 through 1993, we recorded several instances of interbreeding in a mixed colony of several thousand Common Terns and a few hundred Roseates at the Falkner Island Unit of the Stewart B. McKinney National Wildlife Refuge. This 2-ha island is located at 41 °13'N and 72° 39'W in Long Island Sound, approximately 5 km off the coast of Guilford, Connecticut. Spendelow (1982) briefly described the island and the areas used by the nesting terns; a more detailed description of the island is in Helander (1988). The mixed pair we observed in 1993 nested in a subcolony of about 25 pairs of Roseates on the southeast section of the island's rocky beach, where we put out 30 boxes to create more protected nest sites for Roseate Terns. Here we present a summary of their successful nesting, which we followed almost daily from several days prior to the laying of the first egg until departure of these birds from the colony site.

","language":"English","publisher":"Connecticut Ornithological Association","usgsCitation":"Zingo, J.M., Church, C.A., and Spendelow, J.A., 1994, Two hybrid common x roseate terns fledge at Falkner Island, Connecticut: The Connecticut Warbler, v. 14, no. 2, p. 50-55.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"50","endPage":"55","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199781,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":351961,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ctbirding.org/publications/%EF%BB%BFthe-connecticut-warbler/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","otherGeospatial":"Falkner Island, Stewart B. McKinney National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.65630006790161,\n 41.20958263665998\n ],\n [\n -72.65151500701904,\n 41.20958263665998\n ],\n [\n -72.65151500701904,\n 41.21441719916228\n ],\n [\n -72.65630006790161,\n 41.21441719916228\n ],\n [\n -72.65630006790161,\n 41.20958263665998\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a48e4b07f02db623a69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zingo, James M.","contributorId":79572,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zingo","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Church, Christopher A.","contributorId":141002,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Church","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spendelow, Jeffrey A. 0000-0001-8167-0898 jspendelow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8167-0898","contributorId":4355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spendelow","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jspendelow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":337754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5222653,"text":"5222653 - 1994 - A closer look: Snail kite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:49","indexId":"5222653","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:40","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1056,"text":"Birding","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A closer look: Snail kite","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Birding","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Sykes, P., 1994, A closer look: Snail kite: Birding, v. 26, no. 2, p. 118-122.","productDescription":"118-122","startPage":"118","endPage":"122","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196531,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b1256","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sykes, P.W. Jr.","contributorId":107385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sykes","given":"P.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5223171,"text":"5223171 - 1994 - Carbofuran affects wildlife on Virginia corn fields","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:07","indexId":"5223171","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:40","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbofuran affects wildlife on Virginia corn fields","docAbstract":" Forty-four Virginia corn fields on 11 farms were searched for evidence of dead or debilitated wildlife following in-furrow application of granular carbofuran (Furadan 15G) during April and May 1991. Evidence of pesticide poisoned wildlife, including dead animals, debilitated animals, feather spots, and fur spots was found on 33 fields on 10 farms. Carcasses of 61 birds, 4 mammals, and 1 reptile were recovered. Anticholinesterase poisoning was confirmed or suspected as the cause of most wildlife deaths based on the circumstances surrounding kills, necropsies of Carcasses, residue analyses, and brain ChE assays.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Stinson, E., Hayes, L., Bush, P., and White, D.H., 1994, Carbofuran affects wildlife on Virginia corn fields: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 22, no. 4, p. 566-575.","productDescription":"566-575","startPage":"566","endPage":"575","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196028,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15865,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3783081","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f015b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stinson, E.R.","contributorId":64756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stinson","given":"E.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hayes, L.E.","contributorId":102596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bush, P.B.","contributorId":98007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bush","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"White, Donald H.","contributorId":97868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5223811,"text":"5223811 - 1994 - Horse impacts: research findings and their implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:40","indexId":"5223811","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:40","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2693,"text":"Master Network","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Horse impacts: research findings and their implications","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Master Network","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"see also part 1, Widner, C. and J.L. Marion. 1993. Horse impacts: research findings and their implications. Master Network 1(5):5, 14.","usgsCitation":"Widner, C., and Marion, J., 1994, Horse impacts: research findings and their implications: Master Network, v. 2, no. 6, p. 5-6.","productDescription":"5-6","startPage":"5","endPage":"6","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200168,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62be2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Widner, C.","contributorId":93162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Widner","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marion, J. L. 0000-0003-2226-689X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2226-689X","contributorId":10888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marion","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5222804,"text":"5222804 - 1994 - Quality and environmental research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:42","indexId":"5222804","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:40","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3605,"text":"Total Quality Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quality and environmental research","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Total Quality Review","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Trauger, D., 1994, Quality and environmental research: Total Quality Review, v. 4, no. 3, p. 27-34.","productDescription":"27-34","startPage":"27","endPage":"34","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199797,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db655354","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trauger, D.L.","contributorId":69091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trauger","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5222729,"text":"5222729 - 1994 - Sources of variation in loss rates of color bands applied to adult roseate terns (Sterna dougallii) in the western North Atlantic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T17:20:25","indexId":"5222729","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:40","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources of variation in loss rates of color bands applied to adult roseate terns (Sterna dougallii) in the western North Atlantic","docAbstract":"

A model-based analysis was done to test several hypotheses concerning the rates of loss of butt-ended color bands placed on adult Roseate Terns (Sterna dougallii) in the western North Atlantic. These birds were captured and color banded from 1987-1991 at four colony sites, and recaptured from 1989-1992 as part of a study of the population dynamics of this species. Two types of color bands, Darvic and celluloid, were used, but only one band type was used for each individual bird. Each bird was given three color bands. The estimated probability that a bird with all color bands present during one breeding season still had all color bands during the next breeding season was 0.87. The analysis provided no evidence that colony site, cohort, calendar year of banding, age of color band, or whether or not the bands were heat-sealed closed, were important sources of variation in band-retention probabilities.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4088820","usgsCitation":"Spendelow, J., Burger, J., Nisbet, I., Nichols, J., Hines, J., Hays, H., Cormons, G., and Gochfeld, M., 1994, Sources of variation in loss rates of color bands applied to adult roseate terns (Sterna dougallii) in the western North Atlantic: The Auk, v. 111, no. 4, p. 881-887, https://doi.org/10.2307/4088820.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"881","endPage":"887","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194237,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e75c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spendelow, J. A. 0000-0001-8167-0898","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8167-0898","contributorId":72478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spendelow","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burger, J.","contributorId":25894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burger","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nisbet, I.C.T.","contributorId":54942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nisbet","given":"I.C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":336985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hays, H.","contributorId":43872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hays","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cormons, G.D.","contributorId":78030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cormons","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gochfeld, M.","contributorId":88309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gochfeld","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":5222770,"text":"5222770 - 1994 - Main and interactive effects of arsenic and selenium on mallard reproduction and duckling growth and survival","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-05T17:18:38.64892","indexId":"5222770","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:40","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Main and interactive effects of arsenic and selenium on mallard reproduction and duckling growth and survival","docAbstract":"

Arsenic (As) and selenium (Se) occur together in high concentrations in the environment and can accumulate in aquatic plants and invertebrates consumed by waterfowl. Ninety-nine pairs of breeding mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) were fed diets supplemented with As (sodium arsenate) at 0, 25, 100, or 400 μg/g, in combination with Se (seleno-DL-methionine) at 0 or 10 μg/g, in a replicated factorial experiment. Ducklings produced were placed on the same treatment combination as their parents. Arsenic accumulated in adult liver and egg, reduced adult weight gain and liver weight, delayed the onset of egg laying, decreased whole egg weight, and caused eggshell thinning. Arsenic did not affect hatching success and was not teratogenic. In ducklings, As accumulated in the liver and reduced body weight, growth, and liver weight. Arsenic did not increase duckling mortality, but it did decrease overall duckling production. Selenium accumulated in adult liver and egg, was teratogenic, and decreased hatching success. Selenium did not affect adult weight, liver weight, survival, onset of egg laying, egg fertility, egg weight, or eggshell thickness. In ducklings, Se accumulated in the liver and reduced body weight and growth, and increased liver weight. Selenium increased duckling mortality and decreased overall duckling production. Antagonistic interactions between As and Se occurred whereby As reduced Se accumulation in liver and egg, and alleviated the effects of Se on hatching success and embryo deformities. It was demonstrated that As and Se, in the chemical forms and at the dietary levels administered in this study, can adversely affect mallard reproduction and duckling growth and survival, and that As can alleviate toxic effects of Se.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00214145","usgsCitation":"Stanley, T., Spann, J.W., Smith, G.J., and Rosscoe, R., 1994, Main and interactive effects of arsenic and selenium on mallard reproduction and duckling growth and survival: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 26, no. 4, p. 444-451, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00214145.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"444","endPage":"451","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199258,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64966e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanley, T.R. Jr.","contributorId":104166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"T.R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spann, J. W.","contributorId":93435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spann","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, G. J.","contributorId":80767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rosscoe, R.","contributorId":89990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosscoe","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5222719,"text":"5222719 - 1994 - Conservation reserve program: benefit for grassland birds in the northern plains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T10:18:19","indexId":"5222719","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3638,"text":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conservation reserve program: benefit for grassland birds in the northern plains","docAbstract":"

During the past few decades numbers of some species of upland-nesting birds in North America have declined. Duck species such as mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), northern pintail (A. acuta) and blue-winged teal (A. discors) have declined since the early 1970s and have remained low since 1985 (Caithamer et al. 1993). Some grassland-dependent nonwaterfowl species also have declined since 1966, as indicated by the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) (Robbins et al. 1986). For prairie-nesting ducks, population declines can be attributed mostly to low recruitment, partially as a result of low nest success. Klett et al. (1988) concluded that nest success (probability of ≥1 egg of clutch hatches) in much of the U.S. Prairie Pothole Region was inadequate to maintain populations of the five most common upland-nesting duck species studied, and that predators were the most important cause of nest failure. Over the years, as grassland areas have been converted to cropland, ducks have concentrated their nesting in the remaining areas of available habitat, where predators such as red fox (Vulpes vulpes), striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) and badger (Taxidea taxus) forage (Cowardin et al. 1983).

\n
\n

The reasons for declining populations of grassland nonwaterfowl birds are not clear but the loss of suitable grassland-nesting habitat probably is an important factor. Currently, approximately 95 percent of the land in North Dakota is used for agricultural purposes, of which over 60 percent is used for annual crop production (Haugse 1990). Of the grassland that remains, 95 percent is used for livestock production. This probably had a severe impact on grassland bird species that seek idle grass cover for nesting.

\n
\n

The 1985 and 1990 U.S. Farm Bills include provisions under the Food Security Act to fund a cropland-idling program called the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP). Over 36 million acres have been enrolled nationwide in the CRP since 1985 (Osborn 1993), and up to 25 percent of cropland in some counties has been converted primarily to grass. In North Dakota, nearly 3 million acres have been enrolled. Over 90 percent of the CRP plantings in North Dakota are grass and grass-legume mix composed primarily of wheatgrass (Agropyron spp.), smooth brome (Bromus inermis), alfalfa (Medicago saliva) and sweetclover (Melilotus spp.). Mixes of these species have been reported to attract high densities of nesting ducks (Duebbert and Kantrud 1974). According to the CRP provisions, the land must remain idle for the 10-year contract period, with the exception of emergency provisions for haying or grazing. CRP appears to have great potential for benefiting many species of grassland-nesting birds.

\n
\n

There have been efforts to document the importance of the CRP to migratory birds in the Upper Great Plains of the U.S. Kantrud (1993) studied duck nest success in CRP cover and concluded that nest success was higher than in planted cover on U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) Waterfowl Production Areas (WPAs). Johnson and Schwartz (1993a) measured the use of CRP fields by nonwaterfowl birds and reported that several species have responded positively by colonizing CRP fields. They concluded that CRP has the potential to help reverse the population declines of several species.

\n
\n

We investigated the importance of CRP to upland-nesting ducks and certain other grassland-nesting birds. For ducks, we compared nest success in CRP cover with nest success in planted cover on WPAs in the same period (1992-93) and with that of an earlier period (1980-84). For nonwaterfowl, we used BBS data to compare the trends in populations of certain species found in CRP, for the periods 1966-86 (pre-CRP cover establishment) and 1987-92 (post-CRP cover establishment) in North Dakota.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Management Institute","publisherLocation":"Washington D.C.","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, R., Shaffer, T., Sauer, J., and Peterjohn, B., 1994, Conservation reserve program: benefit for grassland birds in the northern plains: Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference, v. 59, p. 328-336.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"328","endPage":"336","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198438,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota, South Dakota","volume":"59","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a3018","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, R. E.","contributorId":25098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shaffer, T.L.","contributorId":98245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peterjohn, B.G.","contributorId":25255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterjohn","given":"B.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5222632,"text":"5222632 - 1994 - Puerto Rican parrots and potential limitations of the metapopulation approach to species conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-23T17:03:44","indexId":"5222632","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Puerto Rican parrots and potential limitations of the metapopulation approach to species conservation","docAbstract":"

Population viability analyses for a number of endangered species have incorporated a metapopulation approach. The risk assessments of these viability analyses have indicated that some extant populations should be subdivided into numerous subgroups with exchange of individuals among them in order to reduce the chance of catastrophic loss of the species. However, routine application of a policy of extensive subdivision may have detrimental consequences for certain endangered species. We examine the Puerto Rican Parrot as a case history in which this policy is ill-advised. In 1989, a population viability analysis was conducted for the parrot. The document recommended subdivision of the existing small captive flock into three groups. One of these captive flocks would consist of individuals transferred to a multi-species facility in the continental United States. Subsequently, individuals from this facility would be exchanged with the insular captive population(s) and the relict wild flock. For two reasons, implementation of this recommendation might have led to serious repercussions. First, this parrot, like many endangered species, has gone through a genetic bottleneck and may have a heightened susceptibility to disease. Multi-species facilities are a high-risk environment favoring the transmission of pathogens, especially when the facilities are located outside the natural ranges of a particular species. Second, the parrot is a K-selected species for which mate selection is idiosyncratic. This type of species often proves difficult to breed in captivity in small groups. Part of the problem in mate selection may be reduced by a policy allowing frequent transfers of individuals among facilities, but such movements increase the chances of spreading disease in the metapopulation. Thus, population viability analyses need to acknowledge that proliferation of captive subgroups accompanied by exchanges of individuals can in themselves carry substantial risks that must be weighed against the presumed benefits of subdivision.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Conservation Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1523-1739.1994.08010114.x","usgsCitation":"Wilson, M.H., Kepler, C.B., Snyder, N.F., Derrickson, S.R., Dein, F.J., Wiley, J.W., Wunderle, J.M., Lugo, A.E., Graham, D.L., and Toone, W.D., 1994, Puerto Rican parrots and potential limitations of the metapopulation approach to species conservation: Conservation Biology, v. 8, no. 1, p. 114-123, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1994.08010114.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"114","endPage":"123","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194244,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288593,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1994.08010114.x"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Puerto Rico","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-65.3277,18.295843],[-65.337451,18.308308],[-65.327318,18.323666],[-65.342068,18.34529],[-65.335701,18.349535],[-65.329334,18.341955],[-65.321754,18.338316],[-65.309833,18.337973],[-65.304409,18.332054],[-65.298328,18.330529],[-65.255933,18.342117],[-65.221568,18.320959],[-65.222853,18.310464],[-65.249857,18.296691],[-65.260282,18.290823],[-65.283269,18.280214],[-65.3277,18.295843]]],[[[-67.89174,18.11397],[-67.887099,18.112574],[-67.87643,18.114157],[-67.869804,18.118851],[-67.861548,18.122144],[-67.848245,18.10832],[-67.843202,18.094858],[-67.843615,18.085099],[-67.845293,18.081938],[-67.853098,18.078195],[-67.865598,18.06544],[-67.871462,18.0578],[-67.895921,18.052342],[-67.904431,18.05913],[-67.918778,18.063116],[-67.927841,18.068572],[-67.940799,18.079716],[-67.934479,18.111306],[-67.932185,18.113221],[-67.91088,18.119668],[-67.89174,18.11397]]],[[[-65.308717,18.145172],[-65.302295,18.141089],[-65.294896,18.14283],[-65.287962,18.148097],[-65.275165,18.13443],[-65.276214,18.131936],[-65.283248,18.132999],[-65.296036,18.12799],[-65.322794,18.126589],[-65.327184,18.124106],[-65.338506,18.112439],[-65.342037,18.11138],[-65.350493,18.111914],[-65.364733,18.120377],[-65.397837,18.110873],[-65.399791,18.108832],[-65.411767,18.106211],[-65.423765,18.097764],[-65.426311,18.093749],[-65.45138,18.086096],[-65.45681,18.087778],[-65.465849,18.087715],[-65.468768,18.092643],[-65.47979,18.096352],[-65.507265,18.091646],[-65.524209,18.081977],[-65.542087,18.081177],[-65.558646,18.08566],[-65.569305,18.091616],[-65.570628,18.097325],[-65.57686,18.103224],[-65.575579,18.115669],[-65.546199,18.119329],[-65.511712,18.13284],[-65.489829,18.135912],[-65.46791,18.143767],[-65.437058,18.15766],[-65.399517,18.161935],[-65.371373,18.157517],[-65.334289,18.147761],[-65.313476,18.144296],[-65.308717,18.145172]]],[[[-66.438813,18.485713],[-66.420921,18.488639],[-66.410344,18.489886],[-66.394287,18.489748],[-66.377286,18.488044],[-66.37282,18.487726],[-66.349647,18.486335],[-66.337728,18.48562],[-66.315477,18.474724],[-66.31503,18.47468],[-66.291225,18.472347],[-66.283675,18.472203],[-66.276599,18.478129],[-66.269799,18.480281],[-66.258015,18.476906],[-66.251547,18.472464],[-66.241797,18.46874],[-66.220148,18.466],[-66.199032,18.466163],[-66.192664,18.466212],[-66.183886,18.460506],[-66.179218,18.455305],[-66.172315,18.451462],[-66.159796,18.451706],[-66.153037,18.454457],[-66.14395,18.459761],[-66.139572,18.462317],[-66.139451,18.462387],[-66.139443,18.462315],[-66.138532,18.453305],[-66.133085,18.445881],[-66.127938,18.444632],[-66.125198,18.451209],[-66.124284,18.456324],[-66.123188,18.45943],[-66.123343,18.460363],[-66.125015,18.470435],[-66.118338,18.469581],[-66.092098,18.466535],[-66.083254,18.462022],[-66.073987,18.4581],[-66.043272,18.453655],[-66.03944,18.454441],[-66.036559,18.450216],[-66.036491,18.450117],[-66.023221,18.443875],[-66.006523,18.444347],[-65.99718,18.449895],[-65.992935,18.457489],[-65.992793,18.458102],[-65.992349,18.460024],[-65.99079,18.460419],[-65.958492,18.451354],[-65.92567,18.444881],[-65.916843,18.444619],[-65.907756,18.446893],[-65.904988,18.450926],[-65.878683,18.438322],[-65.838825,18.431865],[-65.831476,18.426849],[-65.828457,18.423543],[-65.816691,18.410663],[-65.794556,18.402845],[-65.787666,18.402544],[-65.774937,18.413951],[-65.77053,18.41294],[-65.769749,18.409473],[-65.771695,18.406277],[-65.750455,18.385208],[-65.750179,18.38505],[-65.742154,18.380459],[-65.733567,18.382211],[-65.699069,18.368156],[-65.669636,18.362102],[-65.668845,18.361939],[-65.634431,18.369835],[-65.627246,18.376436],[-65.626527,18.381728],[-65.624975,18.386553],[-65.622761,18.387771],[-65.618229,18.386496],[-65.614891,18.382473],[-65.619068,18.367755],[-65.628198,18.353711],[-65.63419,18.338965],[-65.628047,18.328252],[-65.626456,18.298982],[-65.634389,18.292349],[-65.635826,18.288271],[-65.634893,18.283923],[-65.630833,18.264989],[-65.623111,18.248012],[-65.597618,18.234289],[-65.589947,18.228225],[-65.593795,18.224059],[-65.615981,18.227389],[-65.626731,18.235484],[-65.638181,18.229121],[-65.637565,18.224444],[-65.628414,18.205149],[-65.635281,18.199975],[-65.639688,18.205656],[-65.662185,18.207018],[-65.664127,18.207136],[-65.690749,18.19499],[-65.694515,18.187011],[-65.691021,18.178998],[-65.695856,18.179324],[-65.710895,18.186963],[-65.712533,18.189146],[-65.717999,18.190176],[-65.728471,18.185588],[-65.734664,18.180368],[-65.738834,18.174066],[-65.739125,18.173453],[-65.743632,18.163957],[-65.758728,18.156601],[-65.766919,18.148424],[-65.777584,18.129239],[-65.796711,18.083746],[-65.796289,18.079835],[-65.794686,18.078607],[-65.795028,18.073561],[-65.796711,18.069842],[-65.801831,18.058527],[-65.809174,18.056818],[-65.817107,18.063378],[-65.825848,18.057482],[-65.83109,18.050664],[-65.834274,18.038988],[-65.832429,18.014916],[-65.839591,18.015077],[-65.850913,18.011954],[-65.870335,18.006597],[-65.875122,18.002826],[-65.884937,17.988521],[-65.896102,17.99026],[-65.905319,17.983974],[-65.910537,17.981855],[-65.924738,17.976087],[-65.976611,17.967669],[-65.98455,17.969411],[-65.985358,17.971854],[-65.995185,17.978989],[-66.007731,17.980541],[-66.017308,17.979583],[-66.019539,17.978354],[-66.024,17.975896],[-66.046585,17.954853],[-66.049033,17.954561],[-66.058217,17.959238],[-66.068678,17.966335],[-66.069979,17.966357],[-66.08141,17.966552],[-66.116194,17.949141],[-66.127009,17.946953],[-66.140661,17.94102],[-66.147912,17.933963],[-66.155387,17.929406],[-66.159742,17.928613],[-66.161232,17.931747],[-66.175626,17.933565],[-66.186914,17.935363],[-66.189726,17.933936],[-66.200174,17.929515],[-66.206961,17.932268],[-66.213374,17.944614],[-66.202655,17.944753],[-66.185554,17.940997],[-66.179548,17.943727],[-66.174839,17.948214],[-66.176814,17.950438],[-66.206207,17.96305],[-66.206807,17.963307],[-66.215355,17.959376],[-66.218081,17.95729],[-66.231519,17.943912],[-66.229181,17.934651],[-66.232013,17.931154],[-66.252737,17.934574],[-66.260684,17.936083],[-66.270905,17.947098],[-66.275651,17.94826],[-66.290782,17.946491],[-66.297679,17.959148],[-66.31695,17.976683],[-66.323659,17.978536],[-66.338152,17.976492],[-66.33839,17.976458],[-66.362511,17.968231],[-66.365098,17.964832],[-66.368777,17.957717],[-66.371591,17.951469],[-66.385059,17.939004],[-66.391227,17.945819],[-66.398945,17.950925],[-66.412131,17.957286],[-66.445481,17.979379],[-66.450368,17.983226],[-66.454888,17.986784],[-66.461342,17.990273],[-66.491396,17.990262],[-66.510143,17.985618],[-66.540537,17.975476],[-66.583233,17.961229],[-66.589658,17.969386],[-66.594392,17.970682],[-66.605035,17.969015],[-66.623788,17.98105],[-66.631944,17.982746],[-66.645651,17.98026],[-66.657797,17.974605],[-66.664391,17.968259],[-66.672819,17.966451],[-66.699115,17.977568],[-66.709856,17.982109],[-66.713394,17.987763],[-66.716957,17.990344],[-66.731118,17.991658],[-66.746248,17.990349],[-66.750427,17.995443],[-66.753964,17.99959],[-66.755341,18.001203],[-66.764491,18.006317],[-66.770307,18.005955],[-66.799656,17.99245],[-66.806866,17.983786],[-66.807924,17.979606],[-66.806903,17.976046],[-66.805683,17.975052],[-66.795106,17.977438],[-66.789302,17.980793],[-66.784953,17.978326],[-66.787245,17.972914],[-66.80827,17.965635],[-66.8224,17.954499],[-66.838584,17.949931],[-66.852288,17.955004],[-66.856474,17.956553],[-66.859471,17.954316],[-66.862545,17.952022],[-66.871697,17.952707],[-66.88344,17.952526],[-66.899639,17.948298],[-66.904585,17.950527],[-66.906532,17.955356],[-66.906276,17.963368],[-66.924529,17.972808],[-66.928651,17.970204],[-66.930414,17.963127],[-66.916127,17.959102],[-66.909483,17.952559],[-66.909359,17.94988],[-66.912522,17.947446],[-66.930313,17.943389],[-66.932636,17.939998],[-66.931581,17.9369],[-66.919298,17.932062],[-66.923826,17.926923],[-66.927261,17.926875],[-66.959998,17.940216],[-66.980516,17.951648],[-66.98105,17.952505],[-66.982669,17.9551],[-66.982206,17.961192],[-66.987287,17.970663],[-66.996738,17.972899],[-67.003972,17.970799],[-67.014744,17.968468],[-67.024522,17.970722],[-67.062478,17.973819],[-67.076534,17.967759],[-67.089827,17.951418],[-67.101468,17.946621],[-67.109985,17.945806],[-67.109986,17.945806],[-67.128251,17.948153],[-67.133733,17.951919],[-67.167031,17.963073],[-67.178566,17.964792],[-67.183508,17.962706],[-67.188717,17.950989],[-67.187474,17.946252],[-67.183694,17.937982],[-67.183457,17.931135],[-67.194785,17.932826],[-67.196924,17.935651],[-67.197273,17.937461],[-67.197517,17.941514],[-67.197668,17.943549],[-67.198988,17.94782],[-67.200973,17.949896],[-67.210034,17.953595],[-67.212101,17.956027],[-67.21433,17.962436],[-67.215271,17.983464],[-67.211973,17.992993],[-67.207694,17.998019],[-67.177893,18.008882],[-67.174299,18.011149],[-67.172397,18.014906],[-67.172138,18.021422],[-67.173761,18.024548],[-67.193269,18.03185],[-67.209887,18.035439],[-67.196694,18.066491],[-67.190656,18.064269],[-67.184589,18.06775],[-67.183938,18.069914],[-67.186465,18.074195],[-67.192999,18.076877],[-67.198212,18.076828],[-67.199314,18.091135],[-67.19529,18.096149],[-67.183921,18.103683],[-67.182182,18.108507],[-67.176554,18.151046],[-67.178618,18.159318],[-67.180822,18.168055],[-67.180701,18.168182],[-67.155185,18.195001],[-67.152665,18.203493],[-67.158001,18.216719],[-67.173,18.230666],[-67.175429,18.248008],[-67.187843,18.266671],[-67.187873,18.266874],[-67.189971,18.281015],[-67.196056,18.290443],[-67.209963,18.294974],[-67.225403,18.296648],[-67.226081,18.296722],[-67.235137,18.299935],[-67.267484,18.353149],[-67.27135,18.362329],[-67.268259,18.366989],[-67.260671,18.370197],[-67.23909,18.375318],[-67.226744,18.378247],[-67.216998,18.382078],[-67.202167,18.389908],[-67.160144,18.415587],[-67.159608,18.415915],[-67.156599,18.418983],[-67.155245,18.424401],[-67.156619,18.439562],[-67.161746,18.453462],[-67.169011,18.466352],[-67.169016,18.478488],[-67.164144,18.487396],[-67.14283,18.505485],[-67.138249,18.507776],[-67.125655,18.511706],[-67.103468,18.514523],[-67.093752,18.515757],[-67.07929,18.513256],[-67.020276,18.510603],[-66.988958,18.497724],[-66.95954,18.489878],[-66.957733,18.489129],[-66.957517,18.489171],[-66.944636,18.491693],[-66.906872,18.483556],[-66.90143,18.484552],[-66.867386,18.490785],[-66.849673,18.490745],[-66.83694,18.487659],[-66.836635,18.487701],[-66.79932,18.492775],[-66.780311,18.491411],[-66.764893,18.484097],[-66.749301,18.476701],[-66.742067,18.474681],[-66.733986,18.473457],[-66.710743,18.472611],[-66.683719,18.481367],[-66.679876,18.484944],[-66.664364,18.487809],[-66.645839,18.488777],[-66.624618,18.494199],[-66.586778,18.484948],[-66.584074,18.484287],[-66.565241,18.485523],[-66.562916,18.48845],[-66.563485,18.490512],[-66.558503,18.489987],[-66.53484,18.481253],[-66.533487,18.481663],[-66.529476,18.482877],[-66.511609,18.476848],[-66.470292,18.46907],[-66.456486,18.46892],[-66.449184,18.470991],[-66.441852,18.479751],[-66.439961,18.485525],[-66.438813,18.485713]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Puerto Rico\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-01-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a90e4b07f02db655e49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Marcia H.","contributorId":6149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Marcia","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kepler, Cameron B.","contributorId":27567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kepler","given":"Cameron","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Snyder, Noel F.R.","contributorId":23643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"Noel","email":"","middleInitial":"F.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Derrickson, Scott R.","contributorId":102590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Derrickson","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":336722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dein, F. Josh fjdein@usgs.gov","contributorId":62696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dein","given":"F.","email":"fjdein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Josh","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wiley, James W.","contributorId":39886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiley","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wunderle, Joseph M. Jr.","contributorId":25653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wunderle","given":"Joseph","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lugo, Ariel E.","contributorId":10111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lugo","given":"Ariel","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Graham, David L.","contributorId":99651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Toone, William D.","contributorId":22052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toone","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":5222754,"text":"5222754 - 1994 - Estimating breeding proportions and testing hypotheses about costs of reproduction with capture-recapture data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T15:13:49","indexId":"5222754","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:12:52","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating breeding proportions and testing hypotheses about costs of reproduction with capture-recapture data","docAbstract":"

The proportion of animals in a population that breeds is an important determinant of population growth rate. Usual estimates of this quantity from field sampling data assume that the probability of appearing in the capture or count statistic is the same for animals that do and do not breed. A similar assumption is required by most existing methods used to test ecologically interesting hypotheses about reproductive costs using field sampling data. However, in many field sampling situations breeding and nonbreeding animals are likely to exhibit different probabilities of being seen or caught. In this paper, we propose the use of multistate capture-recapture models for these estimation and testing problems. This methodology permits a formal test of the hypothesis of equal capture/sighting probabilities for breeding and nonbreeding individuals. Two estimators of breeding proportion (and associated standard errors) are presented, one for the case of equal capture probabilities and one for the case of unequal capture probabilities. The multistate modeling framework also yields formal tests of hypotheses about reproductive costs to future reproduction or survival or both fitness components. The general methodology is illustrated using capture-recapture data on female meadow voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus. Resulting estimates of the proportion of reproductively active females showed strong seasonal variation, as expected, with low breeding proportions in midwinter. We found no evidence of reproductive costs extracted in subsequent survival or reproduction. We believe that this methodological framework has wide application to problems in animal ecology concerning breeding proportions and phenotypic reproductive costs.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/1941610","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J., Hines, J., Pollock, K.H., Hinz, R.L., and Link, W., 1994, Estimating breeding proportions and testing hypotheses about costs of reproduction with capture-recapture data: Ecology, v. 75, no. 7, p. 2052-2065, https://doi.org/10.2307/1941610.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2052","endPage":"2065","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1994-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48d3e4b07f02db548b6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, James D. jnichols@usgs.gov","contributorId":139082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James D.","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":337048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hines, James E. jhines@usgs.gov","contributorId":3506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"James E.","email":"jhines@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":337049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pollock, Kenneth H.","contributorId":8590,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hinz, Robert L.","contributorId":43454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinz","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":337050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Link, William A. wlink@usgs.gov","contributorId":145491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"William A.","email":"wlink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":337047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5223252,"text":"5223252 - 1994 - The applicability of terrestrial visitor impact management strategies to the protection of coral reefs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-16T18:50:45","indexId":"5223252","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2926,"text":"Ocean and Coastal Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The applicability of terrestrial visitor impact management strategies to the protection of coral reefs","docAbstract":"A dramatic expansion in nature-based tourism to tropical coastal destinations has occurred in the past 20 years. Tourism development, combined with intense recreational pressures, has irreversibly transformed and degraded many popular scenic natural environments. This paper examines the management of recreational impacts to coral reefs using Virgin Islands National Park as a case study. A review of terrestrial recreational ecology research explores the implications and potential applicability of some principal findings to the protection of coral reefs. Visitor impact management recommendations for the protection of coral reefs are offered. Managers can minimize coral reef recreational impacts by (1) restricting high-impact uses, (2) containing rather than dispersing recreational use, (3) encouraging the use of resistant environments, (4) teaching low-impact recreational practices, and (5) enforcing park rules and regulations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ocean and Coastal Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0964-5691(94)90017-5","collaboration":"4605_Marion.pdf","usgsCitation":"Marion, J., and Rogers, C., 1994, The applicability of terrestrial visitor impact management strategies to the protection of coral reefs: Ocean and Coastal Management, v. 22, no. 2, p. 153-163, https://doi.org/10.1016/0964-5691(94)90017-5.","productDescription":"153-163","startPage":"153","endPage":"163","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269477,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0964-5691(94)90017-5"},{"id":199981,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db6697a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marion, J. L. 0000-0003-2226-689X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2226-689X","contributorId":10888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marion","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rogers, C.S. 0000-0001-9056-6961","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9056-6961","contributorId":37274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"C.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5222619,"text":"5222619 - 1994 - Orthopedics in cranes: pediatrics and adults","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T13:06:57","indexId":"5222619","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3376,"text":"Seminars in Avian and Exotic Pet Medicine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Orthopedics in cranes: pediatrics and adults","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Seminars in Avian and Exotic Pet Medicine","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","usgsCitation":"Olsen, G.H., 1994, Orthopedics in cranes: pediatrics and adults: Seminars in Avian and Exotic Pet Medicine, v. 3, no. 2, p. 73-80.","productDescription":"73-80","startPage":"73","endPage":"80","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199604,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a56d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olsen, Glenn H. 0000-0002-7188-6203 golsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7188-6203","contributorId":40918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Glenn","email":"golsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":336694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017620,"text":"70017620 - 1994 - The earthquake prediction experiment at Parkfield, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-21T16:14:18.874144","indexId":"70017620","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3283,"text":"Reviews of Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The earthquake prediction experiment at Parkfield, California","docAbstract":"

Since 1985, a focused earthquake prediction experiment has been in progress along the San Andreas fault near the town of Parkfield in central California. Parkfield has experienced six moderate earthquakes since 1857 at average intervals of 22 years, the most recent a magnitude 6 event in 1966. The probability of another moderate earthquake soon appears high, but studies assigning it a 95% chance of occurring before 1993 now appear to have been over-simplified. The identification of a Parkfield fault “segment” was initially based on geometric features in the surface trace of the San Andreas fault, but more recent microearthquake studies have demonstrated that those features do not extend to seismogenic depths. On the other hand, geodetic measurements are consistent with the existence of a “locked” patch on the fault beneath Parkfield that has presently accumulated a slip deficit equal to the slip in the 1966 earthquake. A magnitude 4.7 earthquake in October 1992 brought the Parkfield experiment to its highest level of alert, with a 72-hour public warning that there was a 37% chance of a magnitude 6 event. However, this warning proved to be a false alarm. Most data collected at Parkfield indicate that strain is accumulating at a constant rate on this part of the San Andreas fault, but some interesting departures from this behavior have been recorded. Here we outline the scientific arguments bearing on when the next Parkfield earthquake is likely to occur and summarize geophysical observations to date.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/94RG01114","issn":"87551209","usgsCitation":"Roeloffs, E., and Langbein, J., 1994, The earthquake prediction experiment at Parkfield, California: Reviews of Geophysics, v. 32, no. 3, p. 315-336, https://doi.org/10.1029/94RG01114.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"315","endPage":"336","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":492847,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1231353","text":"External Repository"},{"id":228986,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Parkfield","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.45314357776334,\n 35.91634034904709\n ],\n [\n -120.45314357776334,\n 35.886506863317734\n ],\n [\n -120.41269794186022,\n 35.886506863317734\n ],\n [\n -120.41269794186022,\n 35.91634034904709\n ],\n [\n -120.45314357776334,\n 35.91634034904709\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-06-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baaf3e4b08c986b322b00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roeloffs, E.","contributorId":21680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roeloffs","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langbein, J.","contributorId":16990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langbein","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017589,"text":"70017589 - 1994 - Mineralogy of a calc-silicate locality near Genesee Park, Jefferson County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-26T16:42:34.853125","indexId":"70017589","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3307,"text":"Rocks & Minerals","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineralogy of a calc-silicate locality near Genesee Park, Jefferson County, Colorado","docAbstract":"

No abstract available. 

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00357529.1994.9925607","usgsCitation":"Kile, D.E., and Modreski, P., 1994, Mineralogy of a calc-silicate locality near Genesee Park, Jefferson County, Colorado: Rocks & Minerals, v. 69, no. 5, p. 298-308, https://doi.org/10.1080/00357529.1994.9925607.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"298","endPage":"308","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228380,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Jefferson County","otherGeospatial":"Genesee Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.34019117385135,\n 39.74013650856341\n ],\n [\n -105.34019117385135,\n 39.69698855079713\n ],\n [\n -105.28715491196347,\n 39.69698855079713\n ],\n [\n -105.28715491196347,\n 39.74013650856341\n ],\n [\n -105.34019117385135,\n 39.74013650856341\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"69","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5acee4b0c8380cd6f148","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kile, D. E.","contributorId":22758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kile","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Modreski, P.J.","contributorId":98335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Modreski","given":"P.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5230242,"text":"5230242 - 1994 - Interactions of white-tailed deer and vegetation at Saratogo National Historical Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:27","indexId":"5230242","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T10:33:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":91,"text":"Technical Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"NPS/NAROSS/NRTR/95-28","title":"Interactions of white-tailed deer and vegetation at Saratogo National Historical Park","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Underwood, H., Austin, K., Porter, W., Burgess, R., and Sage, R., 1994, Interactions of white-tailed deer and vegetation at Saratogo National Historical Park: Technical Report NPS/NAROSS/NRTR/95-28, 32.","productDescription":"32","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202886,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e0d36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Underwood, H.B. 0000-0002-2064-9128","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2064-9128","contributorId":90849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Underwood","given":"H.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Austin, K.A.","contributorId":93166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Austin","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Porter, W.F.","contributorId":81597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burgess, R.L.","contributorId":20873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burgess","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sage, R.W. Jr.","contributorId":43896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sage","given":"R.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5200104,"text":"5200104 - 1994 - Radiation Hazards to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates: A Synoptic Review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-13T09:51:34","indexId":"5200104","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T10:33:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":167,"text":"Contaminant Hazard Reviews","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"Report 29 ; Biological Report 26.","title":"Radiation Hazards to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates: A Synoptic Review","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, National Biological Service","publisherLocation":"Laurel, MD","usgsCitation":"Eisler, R., 1994, Radiation Hazards to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates: A Synoptic Review: Contaminant Hazard Reviews Report 29 ; Biological Report 26., iv, 124.","productDescription":"iv, 124","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202600,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":91941,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/eisler/CHR_29_Radiation.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db649dbb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eisler, R.","contributorId":51869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eisler","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5200103,"text":"5200103 - 1994 - Famphur Hazards to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates: A Synoptic Review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-13T09:49:26","indexId":"5200103","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T10:33:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":167,"text":"Contaminant Hazard Reviews","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"Report 27 ; Biological Report 20.","title":"Famphur Hazards to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates: A Synoptic Review","docAbstract":"Famphur (phosphorothioic acid, O,(4((dimethylamino)sulfonyl),phenoyl)O,Odimethyl ester), also known as Warbex, is a systemic organophosphorus insecticide used almost exclusively as a veterinary chemical to control parasite in livestock. Only famphur and its oxygen analog, famoxon, were of toxicological significance; other famphur metabolites were 31 to 237 times less toxic, as Judged by acute oraltoxicity tests in the mouse (Mus sp.). Famphur is administered to livestock by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection, through the diet, as a dermal pour-on, or as an oral bolus. Current recommendations include the discontinuance of topical applications of famphur to cattle because of its association with primary and secondary poisoning of birds, and more research on famphur in the three areas of latent effects on treated livestock, fate and effects in aquatic ecosystems, and carcinogenicity evaluation. ","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, National Biological Survey","publisherLocation":"Laurel, MD","usgsCitation":"Eisler, R., 1994, Famphur Hazards to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates: A Synoptic Review: Contaminant Hazard Reviews Report 27 ; Biological Report 20., iii, 23.","productDescription":"iii, 23","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202662,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":91879,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/eisler/CHR_27_Famphur.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f5c36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eisler, R.","contributorId":51869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eisler","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5200133,"text":"5200133 - 1994 - Acrolein Hazards to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates: A Synoptic Review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-13T09:50:34","indexId":"5200133","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T10:33:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":167,"text":"Contaminant Hazard Reviews","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"Report 28 ; Biological Report 23.","title":"Acrolein Hazards to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates: A Synoptic Review","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, National Biological Survey","publisherLocation":"Laurel, MD","usgsCitation":"Eisler, R., 1994, Acrolein Hazards to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates: A Synoptic Review: Contaminant Hazard Reviews Report 28 ; Biological Report 23., ii, 29.","productDescription":"ii, 29","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202918,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":91880,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/eisler/CHR_28_Acrolein.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b13e4b07f02db6a33ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eisler, R.","contributorId":51869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eisler","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5200166,"text":"5200166 - 1994 - Methods for measuring the toxicity and bioaccumulation of sediment-associated contaminants with freshwater invertebrates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:22","indexId":"5200166","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T10:33:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"EPA/600/R-94-024","title":"Methods for measuring the toxicity and bioaccumulation of sediment-associated contaminants with freshwater invertebrates","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","publisherLocation":"Duluth, Minnesota","collaboration":"OCLC: 32872668 ; PB95-144614 National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Va.","usgsCitation":"Ingersoll, C., Ankley, G., Burton, G., Dwyer, F., Hoke, R., Norberg-King, T., and Winger, P.V., 1994, Methods for measuring the toxicity and bioaccumulation of sediment-associated contaminants with freshwater invertebrates, xiii, 133.","productDescription":"xiii, 133","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201071,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":91985,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=30003265.txt","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b97e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ingersoll, C.G. 0000-0003-4531-5949","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":56338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ankley, G.T.","contributorId":76710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ankley","given":"G.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burton, G.A.","contributorId":63910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"G.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dwyer, F.J.","contributorId":107818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hoke, R.A.","contributorId":77265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoke","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Norberg-King, T. J.","contributorId":92385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norberg-King","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Winger, P. V.","contributorId":43075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winger","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":5210762,"text":"5210762 - 1994 - Range and habitats of the desert tortoise","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:52","indexId":"5210762","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T10:23:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":25,"text":"Fish and Wildlife Research","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"13","title":"Range and habitats of the desert tortoise","docAbstract":"We determined the current range of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) based on the available latest data from government agencies, the literature, and our experience. We developed the first detailed range map of this species and summarized information about habitat preferences. New records of occurrences were incorporated, and some peripheral localities of questionable authenticity were deleted. The distribution oCG. agassizii covers the broadest range of latitude, climatic regimes, habitats, and biotic regions of any North American tortoise. The northern portion ofits range is in the Mojave Desert of sDuth\"eastern California, southern Nevada, southwestern Utah, and northwestern Arizona. The central portion of the range consists of several subdivisions of the Sonaran Desert in southeastern California, western and southern Arizona, and western Sonora, Mexico. The southern edge of its range is in the semitropical Sinaloan thornscrub and Sinaloan deciduous forest of eastern Sonora and northern Sinaloa, Mexico. This species has marked geogi-aphic differences but seems to construct burrows\r\nthroughout its range.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biology of North American Tortoises","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Germano, D., Bury, R., Esque, T., and Fritts, T.H., 1994, Range and habitats of the desert tortoise: Fish and Wildlife Research 13, p. 73-86.","productDescription":"p. 73-86","startPage":"73","endPage":"86","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200933,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684f6b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bury, R.B.","contributorId":25497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bury","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507067,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Germano, D.J.","contributorId":65027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germano","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507068,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Germano, D.J.","contributorId":65027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germano","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bury, R.B.","contributorId":25497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bury","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Esque, T. C. 0000-0002-4166-6234","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4166-6234","contributorId":76250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esque","given":"T. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fritts, T. H.","contributorId":40147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritts","given":"T.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5200155,"text":"5200155 - 1994 - Changes in campsite condition: Results from campsite monitoring at Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:22","indexId":"5200155","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:33:22","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":76,"text":"Research/Resources Management Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"NPS/MARDEWA/NRTR-94/063.","title":"Changes in campsite condition: Results from campsite monitoring at Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Marion, J., 1994, Changes in campsite condition: Results from campsite monitoring at Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area: Research/Resources Management Report NPS/MARDEWA/NRTR-94/063., 83.","productDescription":"83","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200994,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6d4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marion, J. L. 0000-0003-2226-689X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2226-689X","contributorId":10888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marion","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5200154,"text":"5200154 - 1994 - A social science research plan for the Mid-Atlantic Region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:22","indexId":"5200154","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:33:22","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":76,"text":"Research/Resources Management Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"NPS/NR/MAR-94/065.","title":"A social science research plan for the Mid-Atlantic Region","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Marion, J., 1994, A social science research plan for the Mid-Atlantic Region: Research/Resources Management Report NPS/NR/MAR-94/065., 33.","productDescription":"33","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200993,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a6427","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marion, J. L. 0000-0003-2226-689X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2226-689X","contributorId":10888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marion","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5200100,"text":"5200100 - 1994 - The natural history of Caroline Atoll, Southern Line Islands. Part I. History, physiography, botany, and isle descriptions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:27","indexId":"5200100","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:33:21","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":159,"text":"Atoll Research Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"No. 397.","title":"The natural history of Caroline Atoll, Southern Line Islands. Part I. History, physiography, botany, and isle descriptions","docAbstract":"conclusion: Lushly wooded Caroline Atoll, with the majority of its 39 islets (399 ha of land) either in near-pristine condition or having recovered remarkably from past disturbance, is one of the least spoiled atolls in the Pacific. Uninhabited, it harbors plant ecosystems and breeding seabirds (Pt. II) of national and international importance. Its marine and terrestrial ecosystems are prime outdoor ecological laboratories for research on geological processes including ground water, sea level changes, the dynamics of motu formation, fish poisoning, and numerous facets of ecology including plant succession and Pisonia growth rates. Caroline boasts prime coral reefs thickly studded with Tridacna clams, substantial numbers of coconut crabs, breeding sites for green turtles, wintering grounds for shorebirds including the rare Bristle-thighed Curlew, ancient Tuamotuan marae, and a crystalline, unpolluted lagoon. The variety, abundance, and quality of its flora and fauna qualify it for status as an officially recognized international preserve (Pt. II, Sect. G). Efforts toward its conservation have thus far been unsuccessful: in 1992 it was leased to a private French businessman who is currently fishing the reefs for commercial profit, as well as disturbing seabird, turtle and coconut crab populations.","language":"English","collaboration":"No. 397 and 398 in one cover, separately paginated, but share overall title","usgsCitation":"Kepler, A., and Kepler, C.B., 1994, The natural history of Caroline Atoll, Southern Line Islands. Part I. History, physiography, botany, and isle descriptions: Atoll Research Bulletin No. 397., xi, 225.","productDescription":"xi, 225","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202550,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6499a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kepler, A.K.","contributorId":89253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kepler","given":"A.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kepler, C. B.","contributorId":62548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kepler","given":"C.","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}