{"pageNumber":"3953","pageRowStart":"98800","pageSize":"25","recordCount":185134,"records":[{"id":17615,"text":"ofr9513 - 1994 - Reconnaissance stream-sediment geochemistry of Twentynine Palms Marine Corps Base, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:22","indexId":"ofr9513","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-13","title":"Reconnaissance stream-sediment geochemistry of Twentynine Palms Marine Corps Base, California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr9513","usgsCitation":"Hofstra, A.H., Fey, D., Motooka, J.M., and Hopkins, D., 1994, Reconnaissance stream-sediment geochemistry of Twentynine Palms Marine Corps Base, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-13, 103 p. ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9513.","productDescription":"103 p. ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149841,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0013/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":46813,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0013/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a62e4b07f02db636753","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hofstra, Albert H. 0000-0002-2450-1593 ahofstra@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2450-1593","contributorId":1302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofstra","given":"Albert","email":"ahofstra@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":177112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fey, D.L.","contributorId":44537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fey","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Motooka, J. M.","contributorId":8834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Motooka","given":"J.","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hopkins, D.A.","contributorId":48987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopkins","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":17501,"text":"ofr953 - 1994 - Preliminary analysis of integrated stratigraphic data from the South Venice corehole, Sarasota County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-27T07:02:41","indexId":"ofr953","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-3","title":"Preliminary analysis of integrated stratigraphic data from the South Venice corehole, Sarasota County, Florida","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr953","usgsCitation":"Brewster-Wingard, G.L., Weedman, S., Scott, T., Edwards, L.E., and Green, R., 1994, Preliminary analysis of integrated stratigraphic data from the South Venice corehole, Sarasota County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-3, 129 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr953.","productDescription":"129 p.","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":149121,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0003/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":46652,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0003/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida ","county":"Sarasota County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.6611328125,\n              27.19112839142226\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.2821044921875,\n              27.19112839142226\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.2821044921875,\n              27.464413510962768\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.6611328125,\n              27.464413510962768\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.6611328125,\n              27.19112839142226\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acae4b07f02db67cd65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brewster-Wingard, G. Lynn","contributorId":17626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brewster-Wingard","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Lynn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weedman, S.D.","contributorId":23961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weedman","given":"S.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scott, T.M.","contributorId":66694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Edwards, Lucy E. 0000-0003-4075-3317 leedward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-3317","contributorId":2647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Lucy","email":"leedward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":176611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Green, R.C.","contributorId":22373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":17795,"text":"ofr94539 - 1994 - U.S. Geological Survey protocol for the collection and processing of surface-water samples for the subsequent determination of inorganic constituents in filtered water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-28T17:38:17.869004","indexId":"ofr94539","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-539","title":"U.S. Geological Survey protocol for the collection and processing of surface-water samples for the subsequent determination of inorganic constituents in filtered water","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr94539","usgsCitation":"Horowitz, A.J., Demas, C.R., Fitzgerald, K.K., Miller, T.L., and Rickert, D.A., 1994, U.S. Geological Survey protocol for the collection and processing of surface-water samples for the subsequent determination of inorganic constituents in filtered water: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-539, vi, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94539.","productDescription":"vi, 57 p.","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":47036,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0539/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":149107,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0539/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ae4b07f02db612209","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horowitz, Arthur J. 0000-0002-3296-730X horowitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3296-730X","contributorId":1400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horowitz","given":"Arthur","email":"horowitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":177869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Demas, C. R.","contributorId":77178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demas","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fitzgerald, K. K.","contributorId":34501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzgerald","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, T. L.","contributorId":54557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rickert, D. A.","contributorId":53773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rickert","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":31883,"text":"ofr94608A - 1994 - Earthquake data report, August 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:04","indexId":"ofr94608A","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-608","chapter":"A","title":"Earthquake data report, August 1994","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr94608A","usgsCitation":"National Earthquake Information Center, 1994, Earthquake data report, August 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-608, 435 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94608A.","productDescription":"435 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160252,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0608a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":60071,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0608a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a52e4b07f02db62aad5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"National Earthquake Information Center","contributorId":128066,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"National Earthquake Information Center","id":529309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30199,"text":"wri944226 - 1994 - Effects of water-control structures on hydrologic and water-quality characteristics in selected agricultural drainage canals in eastern North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-27T11:11:24","indexId":"wri944226","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4226","title":"Effects of water-control structures on hydrologic and water-quality characteristics in selected agricultural drainage canals in eastern North Carolina","docAbstract":"November of water into and out of tidally affected canals in eastern North Carolina was documented before and after the installation of water-control structures. Water levels in five of the canals downstream from the water-control structures were controlled primarily by water-level fluctuations in estuarine receiving waters. Water-control structures also altered upstream water levels in all canals. Water levels were lowered upstream from tide gates, but increased upstream from flashboard risers. Both types of water-control structures attenuated the release of runoff following rainfall events, but in slightly different ways. Tide gates appeared to reduce peak discharge rates associated with rainfall, and flashboard risers lengthened the duration of runoff release.\r\n\r\nTide gates had no apparent effect on pH, dissolved oxygen, suspended-sediment, or total phosphorus concentrations downstream from the structures. Specific conductance measured from composite samples collected with automatic samples increased downstream of tide gates after installation. Median concentrations of nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen were near the minimum detection level throughout the study; however, the number of observations of concentrations exceeding 0.1 milligram per liter dropped significantly after tide gates were installed. Following tide-gate installation, instantaneous loadings of nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen were significantly reduced at one test site, but this reduction was not observed at the other test site. Loadings of other nutrient species and suspended sediment did not change at the tide-gate test sites after tide-gate installation.\r\n\r\nSpecific conductance was lower in the Beaufort County canals than in the Hyde County canals. Although there was a slight increase in median values at the flashboard-riser sites, the mean and maximum values declined substantially downstream from the risers following installation. This decline of specific conductance in the canals occurred despite a large increase of specific conductance in the tidal creek.\r\n\r\nFlashboard risers had no significant effect on concentrations of dissolved oxygen, suspended sediment, total ammonia plus organic nitrogen, or phosphorus. Maximum concentrations of ammonia nitrogen were smaller at both test sites after riser installation. In addition, concentrations of nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen exceeding 1.0 milligram per liter rarely occurred at the flashboard-riser test sites following installation of the risers. Median loadings of nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen and total nitrogen decreased at one riser test site following flashboard-riser installation.\r\n\r\nTide gates and flashboard risers were associated with reductions in concentrations and export of nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen; however, these changes should be interpreted cautiously because reductions were not observed consistently at every site. The hydrology and baseline water-quality characteristics of the two study areas differ, making comparisons of the effectiveness of the two types of water-control structures difficult to interpret.\r\n\r\nThe effects of water-control structures on the hydrology of the drainage canals are more meaningful than the changes in water quality. Tide gates and flashboard risers altered the hydrologic characteristics of the drainage canals and created an environment favorable for nutrient loss or transformation. Both structures retained agricultural drainage upstream, which increased potential storage for infiltration and reduced the potential for surface runoff, sediment, and nutrient transport, and higher peak outflow rates.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nESIC, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944226","usgsCitation":"Treece, M., and Jaynes, M., 1994, Effects of water-control structures on hydrologic and water-quality characteristics in selected agricultural drainage canals in eastern North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4226, v, 62 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944226.","productDescription":"v, 62 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124243,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4226/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58989,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4226/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.32452392578125,\n              35.02324896091336\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.32452392578125,\n              35.86456960744962\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.0198974609375,\n              35.86456960744962\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.0198974609375,\n              35.02324896091336\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.32452392578125,\n              35.02324896091336\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db684035","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Treece, M.W. Jr.","contributorId":60255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Treece","given":"M.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jaynes, M.L.","contributorId":45736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaynes","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29693,"text":"wri944231 - 1994 - Contributing recharge areas to water-supply wells at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:57","indexId":"wri944231","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4231","title":"Contributing recharge areas to water-supply wells at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio","docAbstract":"Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, in southwestern Ohio, has operated three well fields--Area B, Skeel Road, and the East Well Fields--to supply potable water for consumption and use for base activities. To protect these well fields from contamination and to comply with the Ohio Wellhead Protection Plan, the Base is developing a wellhead-protection program for the well fields.\r\n\r\nA three-dimensional, steady-state ground-water-flow model was developed in 1993 to simulate heads in (1) the buried-valley aquifer system that is tapped by the two active well fields, and in (2) an upland bedrock aquifer that may supply water to the wells. An advective particle-tracking algorithm that requires estimated porosities and simulated heads was used to estimate ground-water-flow pathlines and traveltimes to the active well fields. Contributing recharge areas (CRA's)--areas on the water table that contribute water to a well or well field--were generated for 1-, 5-, and 10-year traveltimes.\r\n\r\nResults from the simulation and subsequent particle tracking indicate that the CRA's for the Skeel Road Well Fields are oval and extend north- ward, toward the Mad River, as pumping at the well field increases. The sizes of the 1-, 5-, and 10-year CRA's of Skeel Road Well Field, under maximum pumping conditions, are approximately 0.5, 1.5 and 3.2 square miles, respectively. The CRA's for the Area B Well Field extend to the north, up the Mad River Valley; as pumping increases at the well field, the CRA's extend up the Mad River Valley under Huffman Dam. The sizes of the 1-, 5-, and 10-year CRA's of Area B Well Field, under maximum pumping conditions, are approximately 0.1, 0.5, and 0.9 square miles, respectively. The CRA's for the East Well Field are affected by nearby streams under average pumping conditions. The sizes of the 1-, 5-, and 10-year CRA's of the East Well Field, under maximum pumping conditions, are approximately 0.2, 1.2, and 2.4 square miles, respectively. However, as pumping increases at the East Well Field, the ground-water-flow model develops numerical instabilities which limit the usefulness of the CRA's.\r\n\r\nSensitivity analyses show that variation of horizontal hydraulic conductivity and porosity in the upland bedrock does not affect the CRA's of the Skeel Road Well Field but does have a slight affect on the CRA's of the Area B Well Field. Uncertainties in horizontal hydraulic conductivity and porosity of the valley-train deposits have the largest affect on the size and shape of the CRA's of the Skeel Road Well Field. The position and size of the CRA's of Area B are probably also controlled by induced infiltration from the nearby Mad River and by pumping at the Rohrer's Island Well Field. However, uncertainty in riverbed conductance, which affects induced infiltration, does not significantly affect the size and shape of these CRA's.\r\n\r\nPumping centers not included in the ground-water-flow model do not appreciably affect the CRA's of the Area B and Skeel Road Well Fields under normal pumping. The pumping centers, located near Huffman Dam, will probably limit the northern extent of teh CRA's of Area B Well Field under greater than normal pumping conditions. The CRA's of the East Well Field will propagate farther to the northeast and southwest as a result of the increased pumping-related stress to the aquifer system.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944231","usgsCitation":"Sheets, R.A., 1994, Contributing recharge areas to water-supply wells at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4231, iv, 35 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944231.","productDescription":"iv, 35 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123728,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4231/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58516,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4231/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db6296f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sheets, R. A.","contributorId":43381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheets","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30069,"text":"wri944189 - 1994 - Summary and interpretation of dye-tracer tests to investigate the hydraulic connection of fractures at a ridge-and-valley-wall site, near Fishtrap Lake, Pike County, Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T19:17:38.007782","indexId":"wri944189","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4189","title":"Summary and interpretation of dye-tracer tests to investigate the hydraulic connection of fractures at a ridge-and-valley-wall site, near Fishtrap Lake, Pike County, Kentucky","docAbstract":"<p>Dye-tracer tests were done during 1985-92 to investigate the hydraulic connection between fractures in Pennsylvanian coal-bearing strata at a ridge-and-valley-wall site near Fishtrap Lake, Pike County, Ky. Fluorescent dye was injected into a core hole penetrating near-surface and mining-induced fractures near the crest of the ridge. The rate and direction of migration of dye in the subsurface were determined by measuring the relative concentration of dye in water samples collected from piezometers completed in conductive fracture zones and fractured coal beds at various stratigraphic horizons within the ridge. Dye-concentration data and water-level measurements for each piezometer were plotted as curves on dye-recovery hydrographs. The dye-recovery hydrographs were used to evaluate trends in the fluctuation of dye concentrations and hydraulic heads in order to identify geologic and hydrologic factors affecting the subsurface transport of dye. </p><p>The principal factors affecting the transport of dye in the subsurface hydrologic system were determined to be (1) the distribution, interconnection, and hydraulic properties of fractures; (2) hydraulic-head conditions in the near-fracture zone at the time of dye injection; and (3) subsequent short- and long-term fluctuations in recharge to the hydrologic system. In most of the dye-tracer tests, dye-recovery hydrographs are characterized by complex, multipeaked dye-concentration curves that are indicative of a splitting of dye flow as ground water moved through fractures. Intermittent dye pulses (distinct upward spikes in dye concentration) mark the arrivals of dye-labeled water to piezometers by way of discrete fracture-controlled flow paths that vary in length, complexity, and hydraulic conductivity. Dye injections made during relatively high- or increasinghead conditions resulted in rapid transport of dye (within several days or weeks) from near-surf ace fractures to piezometers. Injections made during relatively low- or decreasing-head conditions resulted in dye being trapped in hydraulically dead zones in water-depleted fractures. Residual dye was remobilized from storage and transported (over periods ranging from several months to about 2 years) by increased recharge to the hydrologic system. Subsequent fluctuations in hydraulic gradients, resulting from increases or decreases in recharge to the hydrologic system, acted to speed or slow the transport of dye along the fracture-controlled flow paths. </p><p>The dye-tracer tests also demonstrated that mining-related disturbances significantly altered the natural fracture-controlled flow paths of the hydrologic system over time. An abandoned underground mine and subsidence-related surface cracks extend to within 250 ft of the principal dye-injection core hole. Results from two of the dye-tracer tests at the site indicate that the annular seal in&nbsp;the core hole was breached by subsurface propagation of the mining-induced fractures. This propagation of fractures resulted in hydraulic short-circuiting between the dye-injection zone in the core hole and two lower piezometer zones, and a partial disruption of the hydraulic connection between the injection core hole and downgradient piezometers on the ridge crest and valley wall. In addition, injected dye was detected in piezometers monitoring a flooded part of the abandoned underground mine. Dye was apparently transported into the mine through a hydraulic connection between the injection core hole and subsidence-related fractures. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944189","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement","usgsCitation":"Taylor, C.J., 1994, Summary and interpretation of dye-tracer tests to investigate the hydraulic connection of fractures at a ridge-and-valley-wall site, near Fishtrap Lake, Pike County, Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4189, Report: v, 83 p.; 1 Plate: 17.66 x 13.46 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944189.","productDescription":"Report: v, 83 p.; 1 Plate: 17.66 x 13.46 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":395712,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48064.htm"},{"id":354755,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4189/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58880,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4189/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160133,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4189/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","county":"Pike County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.37029552459717,\n              37.430466695526114\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.3624849319458,\n              37.430466695526114\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.3624849319458,\n              37.43581686206661\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.37029552459717,\n              37.43581686206661\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.37029552459717,\n              37.430466695526114\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699653","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, Charles J.","contributorId":93100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27669,"text":"wri944158 - 1994 - Effects of urban flood-detention reservoirs on peak discharges and flood frequencies, and simulation of flood-detention reservoir outflow hydrographs in two watersheds in Albany, Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-05T20:34:39.657275","indexId":"wri944158","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4158","title":"Effects of urban flood-detention reservoirs on peak discharges and flood frequencies, and simulation of flood-detention reservoir outflow hydrographs in two watersheds in Albany, Georgia","docAbstract":"<p>This report describes the effects of flood-detention reservoirs on downstream peak discharges of two urban tributaries to Kinchafoonee Creek (tributaries 1 and 2) in Albany, Georgia and presents simulated flood-detention reservoir outflow hydrographs. Rainfall-runoff data were collected for six years at two stations in these two urban watersheds. Tributary number 1 basin has a drainage area of 0.12 square miles, contains 23.8 percent impervious area, and contains two detention reservoirs. Tributary number 2 basin has a drainage area of 0.09 square miles, contains 12.9 percent impervious area, and has one detention reservoir. The Distributed Routing Rainfall-Runoff Model (DR3M) was calibrated using rainfall-runoff data collected during 1987- 92 at each station. DR3M was then used to simulate long-term (1906-33, 1941-73) peak discharges for these stations for conditions ranging from the existing condition with all detention reservoirs in place to the condition of no detention reservoirs. Flood-frequency relations based on the long-term peak discharges were developed for each simulation by fitting the logarithms of the annual peak discharge data to a Pearson type III distribution curve. The effect of detention reservoirs on peak discharge data to a Pearson type III distribution curve. The effect of detention reservoirs on peak discharges was determined by comparison of simulated flood-frequency peak discharges for conditions with and without the detention reservoirs. The comparisons indicated that the removal of flood-detention reservoirs from the tributary number 1 basin would increase the 10-, 50-, and 100-year peak discharges by 164 to 204 percent. Removal of the reservoir from tributary number 2 basin would increase these discharges by about 145 percent.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944158","usgsCitation":"Hess, G.W., and Inman, E.J., 1994, Effects of urban flood-detention reservoirs on peak discharges and flood frequencies, and simulation of flood-detention reservoir outflow hydrographs in two watersheds in Albany, Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4158, vi, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944158.","productDescription":"vi, 31 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":393931,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48037.htm"},{"id":56520,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4158/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123955,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4158/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","city":"Albany","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -84.2706298828125,\n              31.508312698943445\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.04403686523438,\n              31.508312698943445\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.04403686523438,\n              31.631167783684678\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.2706298828125,\n              31.631167783684678\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.2706298828125,\n              31.508312698943445\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f92d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hess, G. W.","contributorId":43338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Inman, E. J.","contributorId":44193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Inman","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":31885,"text":"ofr94609A - 1994 - Earthquake data report, September 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:04","indexId":"ofr94609A","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-609","chapter":"A","title":"Earthquake data report, September 1994","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr94609A","usgsCitation":"National Earthquake Information Center, 1994, Earthquake data report, September 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-609, 387 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94609A.","productDescription":"387 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160254,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0609a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":60072,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0609a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62987d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"National Earthquake Information Center","contributorId":128066,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"National Earthquake Information Center","id":529311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":31739,"text":"ofr94702 - 1994 - Neogene and Quaternary foraminifera and paleoenvironments of a corehole from Horn Island, Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:18","indexId":"ofr94702","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-702","title":"Neogene and Quaternary foraminifera and paleoenvironments of a corehole from Horn Island, Mississippi","docAbstract":"The only semipermanent surface water available on the Southern High \r\nPlains plateau of Texas and New Mexico is contained in saline lakes and \r\nin the playa lakes that form in shallow depressions, called playa \r\nbasins, following heavy rainfall. The playas generally are accepted as \r\nthe main source of recharge to the underlying High Plains (Ogallala) \r\naquifer of the region, and they constitute the major wildlife habitat on \r\nthe Southern High Plains. Their use as water sources, holding ponds, \r\nand waste-disposal sites by agricultural and industrial operations may \r\npotentially lead to ground-water contamination and habitat degradation.  \r\nTherefore, playa lakes will play an essential role in the collection of \r\nsurface-water quality and ecological data for the Southern High Plains \r\nstudy unit of the National Water-Quality Assessment program of the U.S. \r\nGeological Survey.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr94702","usgsCitation":"Gibson, T.G., 1994, Neogene and Quaternary foraminifera and paleoenvironments of a corehole from Horn Island, Mississippi: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-702, 24 leaves :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94702.","productDescription":"24 leaves :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":163455,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0702/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59958,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0702/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697d85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gibson, Thomas G.","contributorId":25180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibson","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":31884,"text":"ofr94608B - 1994 - Earthquake data report, August 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:04","indexId":"ofr94608B","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-608","chapter":"B","title":"Earthquake data report, August 1994","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr94608B","usgsCitation":"National Earthquake Information Center, 1994, Earthquake data report, August 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-608, Five 5 1/4 inch diskettes , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94608B.","productDescription":"Five 5 1/4 inch diskettes ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160253,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a52e4b07f02db62aad8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"National Earthquake Information Center","contributorId":128066,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"National Earthquake Information Center","id":529310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":19914,"text":"ofr9515 - 1994 - Variations in titanium and chromium concentrations in magnetite separates from beach and offshore sediments, San Francisco and San Mateo counties, California; Part A","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:36","indexId":"ofr9515","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-15","title":"Variations in titanium and chromium concentrations in magnetite separates from beach and offshore sediments, San Francisco and San Mateo counties, California; Part A","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr9515","usgsCitation":"Luepke, G., 1994, Variations in titanium and chromium concentrations in magnetite separates from beach and offshore sediments, San Francisco and San Mateo counties, California; Part A: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-15, 6 p. :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9515.","productDescription":"6 p. :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152464,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0015/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49423,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0015/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db6029a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luepke, Gretchen","contributorId":91827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luepke","given":"Gretchen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":19485,"text":"ofr94544 - 1994 - Methodology for the assessment of scour at bridge sites in Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:29","indexId":"ofr94544","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-544","title":"Methodology for the assessment of scour at bridge sites in Missouri","docAbstract":"A field inspection methodology, a scour- susceptibility ranking procedure, and a data base management system were developed for the Missouri Highway and Transportation Department to use for scour inspection and assessment at bridges throughout the State. Because scour can cause bridge failure, federal statute mandates that the approximately 4,700 state-owned bridges over water be assessed for scour-related problems. The Missouri Scour Assessment Field Form was developed so that bridge inspectors from the Missouri Highway and Transportation Department could collect data at a bridge site quickly and thoroughly. The arrangement of the form allows inspectors to collect specific quantitative data at each area with a minimum of wasted steps. The Missouri Bridge Scour data base was developed to store and manipulate scour data collected during field inspections. Scour data in the data base can be updated, printed, and tabulated with other records using several criteria. A potential scour index and an observed scour index are calculated within the data base for each bridge site. The data base also may have multiple entries for a single site, providing versatility whereby recent inspections may be compared with earlier inspections to document long-term trends and changes.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr94544","usgsCitation":"Huizinga, R.J., and Waite, L.A., 1994, Methodology for the assessment of scour at bridge sites in Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-544, v, 23 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94544.","productDescription":"v, 23 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151881,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0544/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48955,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0544/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629ff1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huizinga, Richard J. 0000-0002-2940-2324 huizinga@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2940-2324","contributorId":2089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huizinga","given":"Richard","email":"huizinga@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":180991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waite, Loyd A.","contributorId":79914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"Loyd","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":20128,"text":"ofr93435 - 1994 - Cyclic injection, storage, and withdrawal of heated water in a sandstone aquifer at St. Paul, Minnesota: Analysis of thermal data and nonisothermal modeling of short-term test cycles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-19T10:21:29","indexId":"ofr93435","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-435","title":"Cyclic injection, storage, and withdrawal of heated water in a sandstone aquifer at St. Paul, Minnesota: Analysis of thermal data and nonisothermal modeling of short-term test cycles","docAbstract":"<p>In May 1980, the University of Minnesota began a project to evaluate the feasibility of storing heated water (150 degrees Celsius) in the Franconia-Ironton-Galesville aquifer (180 to 240 meters below land surface) and later recovering it for space heating. The University's steam-generation facilities supplied high-temperature water for injection. The Aquifer Thermal-Energy Storage system is a doublet-well design in which the injection-withdrawal wells are spaced approximately 250 meters apart. Water was pumped from one of the wells through a heat exchanger, where heat was added or removed. This water was then injected back into the aquifer through the other well.</p>\n<p>Four short-term test cycles were completed. Each cycle consisted of approximately equal durations of injection and withdrawal ranging from 5.25 to 8.01 days. Equal rates of injection and withdrawal, ranging from 17.4 to 18.6 liters per second, were maintained for each short-term test cycle. Average injection temperatures ranged from 88.5 to 117.9 degrees Celsius.</p>\n<p>Temperature graphs for selected depths at individual observation wells indicate that the Ironton and Galesville Sandstones received and stored more thermal energy than the upper part of the Franconia Formation. Clogging of the Ironton Sandstone was possibly due to precipitation of calcium carbonate or movement of fine-grain material or both. Vertical-profile plots indicate that the effects of buoyancy flow were small within the aquifer.</p>\n<p>A three-dimensional, anisotropic, nonisothermal, ground-water-flow, and thermal-energy-transport model was constructed to simulate the four short-term test cycles. The model was used to simulate the entire short-term testing period of approximately 400 days. The only model properties varied during model calibration were longitudinal and transverse thermal dispersivities, which, for final calibration, were simulated as 3.3 and 0.33 meters, respectively. The model was calibrated by comparing model-computed results to (1) measured temperatures at selected altitudes in four observation wells, (2) measured temperatures at the production well, and (3) calculated thermal efficiencies of the aquifer. Model-computed withdrawal-water temperatures were within an average of about 3 percent of measured values and model-computed aquifer-thermal efficiencies were within an average of about 5 percent of calculated values for the short-term test cycles. These data indicate that the model accurately simulated thermal-energy storage within the Franconia-Ironton-Galesville aquifer.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/ofr93435","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Minnesota and the Minnesota Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Miller, R.T., and Delin, G., 1994, Cyclic injection, storage, and withdrawal of heated water in a sandstone aquifer at St. Paul, Minnesota: Analysis of thermal data and nonisothermal modeling of short-term test cycles: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-435, vi, 70 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93435.","productDescription":"vi, 70 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":153210,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0435/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":95441,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0435/report.pdf","size":"13067","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67ec17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Robert T.","contributorId":91892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Delin, G. N.","contributorId":12834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delin","given":"G. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":20615,"text":"ofr94711 - 1994 - Preliminary report of the 1988 A2-88-NC Gorda Ridge cruise","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:38","indexId":"ofr94711","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-711","title":"Preliminary report of the 1988 A2-88-NC Gorda Ridge cruise","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr94711","usgsCitation":"Reiss, C.A., and Zierenberg, R.A., 1994, Preliminary report of the 1988 A2-88-NC Gorda Ridge cruise: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-711, 109 p. :maps (chiefly col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94711.","productDescription":"109 p. :maps (chiefly col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152217,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0711/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50142,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0711/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cbd3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reiss, Carol A. creiss@usgs.gov","contributorId":5042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reiss","given":"Carol","email":"creiss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":182941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zierenberg, Robert A.","contributorId":91883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zierenberg","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":17249,"text":"ofr94705W - 1994 - Hydrology and water quality in claypan soil and glacial till at the Missouri Management Systems Evaluation Area near Centralia, Missouri; May 1991 to September 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-12T14:06:55.321786","indexId":"ofr94705W","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-705","chapter":"W","title":"Hydrology and water quality in claypan soil and glacial till at the Missouri Management Systems Evaluation Area near Centralia, Missouri; May 1991 to September 1993","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological 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,{"id":38216,"text":"pp1545 - 1994 - Depositional framework and regional correlation of pre-Carboniferous metacarbonate rocks of the Snowden Mountain area, central Brooks Range, Northern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-07T21:31:36","indexId":"pp1545","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1545","title":"Depositional framework and regional correlation of pre-Carboniferous metacarbonate rocks of the Snowden Mountain area, central Brooks Range, Northern Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>This report describes lithofacies, conodont biostratigraphy and biofacies, and depositional environments of Proterozoic(?) through Devonian metacarbonate rocks in the Snowden Mountain area. These rocks are correlated with successions on the Seward Peninsula and across the Brooks Range. Lithologic and paleobiogeographic data suggest that these successions formed along a single continental margin which had faunal exchange with both North America and Siberia, rather than on a series of discrete platforms juxtaposed by later tectonic events.</p>","language":"English","doi":"10.3133/pp1545","usgsCitation":"Dumoulin, J.A., and Harris, A., 1994, Depositional framework and regional correlation of pre-Carboniferous metacarbonate rocks of the Snowden Mountain area, central Brooks Range, Northern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1545, 66 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1545.","productDescription":"66 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119217,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1545/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":64520,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1545/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Snowden Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -150.29296875,\n              67.6343168308615\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.29296875,\n              69.03714171275197\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.9970703125,\n              69.03714171275197\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.9970703125,\n              67.6343168308615\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.29296875,\n              67.6343168308615\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab1e4b07f02db66e823","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":219354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harris, A. G.","contributorId":39791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"A. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26118,"text":"wri944195 - 1994 - Directions of ground-water flow and locations of ground-water divides in the Lost River Watershed near Orleans, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-04T13:18:09","indexId":"wri944195","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4195","title":"Directions of ground-water flow and locations of ground-water divides in the Lost River Watershed near Orleans, Indiana","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperations with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, conducted a study during October 1993-April 1994 to improve an understanding of the hydrology of the Lost River watershed near Orleans, Ind. Elements of the study included: (1) constructing a map of the composite ground-water potentiometric-surface of the study area, (2) injecting and recovering fluorescent dyes at karst features in the study area to help locate ground-water-flow paths and drainage divides, (3) compiling a bibliography of references describing the study area, and (4) constructing a map of karst features. The composite ground- water-potentiometric surface map and the eight dye traces done as part of this study indicate the approximate locations of the subsurface drainage divides near Orleans. Subsurface drainage near Orleans flows primarily southwest to a reemergence at Orangeville Rise, Orangeville, Ind. Dye clouds injected north of the Orangeville Rise drainage basin reemerged in the Hamer Cave outlet stream, Spring Mill State Park, Ind. The drainage divide that separates subsurface flow to Orangeville Rise from flow to Hamer Cave does not coincide with the surface-water drainage divide. Several factors may contribute to the flooding in Orleans, including: (1) an overtaxed storm sewer system, (2) location of the town in a karst valley, (3) a high runoff- rainfall relation for a 1oess- and residuum-covered area that drains into an occluded sinkhole near the center of Orleans, and (4) an overtaxed subsurface drainage system during periods of intense rainfall.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944195","usgsCitation":"Bayless, E.R., Taylor, C., and Hopkins, M., 1994, Directions of ground-water flow and locations of ground-water divides in the Lost River Watershed near Orleans, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4195, v, 25 p. : maps; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944195.","productDescription":"v, 25 p. : maps; 28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":54919,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4195/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54920,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4195/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54921,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4195/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122830,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4195/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","city":"Orleans","otherGeospatial":"Lost River Watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"id\": \"724\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"name\": \"Hancock\",\n        \"state\": \"IN\"\n      },\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -85.5774,\n              39.9459\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.5759,\n              39.8738\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.5969,\n              39.8735\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.5968,\n              39.786\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.6333,\n              39.7862\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.6338,\n              39.6987\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.6876,\n              39.6987\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.7993,\n              39.6993\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.913,\n              39.6976\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.9518,\n              39.6969\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.9541,\n              39.8696\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.9379,\n              39.87\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.9369,\n              39.9272\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.8625,\n              39.9286\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.8624,\n              39.9436\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.5774,\n              39.9459\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -86.53690338134766,\n              38.564810956372185\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.53690338134766,\n              38.72435830769245\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.3031005859375,\n              38.72435830769245\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.3031005859375,\n              38.564810956372185\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.53690338134766,\n              38.564810956372185\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64ab99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bayless, E. 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,{"id":17910,"text":"ofr94684 - 1994 - Whole-rock analyses of core samples from the 1967, 1975, 1979 and 1981 drillings of Kilauea Iki lava lake, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-06T13:40:49","indexId":"ofr94684","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-684","title":"Whole-rock analyses of core samples from the 1967, 1975, 1979 and 1981 drillings of Kilauea Iki lava lake, Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available&nbsp;</p>","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr94684","usgsCitation":"Helz, R.T., Kirschenbaum, H., Marinenko, J., and Qian, R., 1994, Whole-rock analyses of core samples from the 1967, 1975, 1979 and 1981 drillings of Kilauea Iki lava lake, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-684, 65 p.ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94684.","productDescription":"65 p.ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":47144,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0684/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":150071,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0684/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f03ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helz, Rosalind Tuthill 0000-0003-1550-0684","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1550-0684","contributorId":85587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helz","given":"Rosalind","email":"","middleInitial":"Tuthill","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirschenbaum, H.K.","contributorId":87154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirschenbaum","given":"H.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marinenko, J.W.","contributorId":75558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marinenko","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Qian, Rachel","contributorId":59819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qian","given":"Rachel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":29586,"text":"wri944163 - 1994 - Characterization of ground-water discharge from bedrock aquifers to the Mississippi and Minnesota Rivers at three areas, Minneapolis-St. Paul area, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-05T21:35:16.76423","indexId":"wri944163","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4163","title":"Characterization of ground-water discharge from bedrock aquifers to the Mississippi and Minnesota Rivers at three areas, Minneapolis-St. Paul area, Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>The hydrogeology at three areas along the Mississippi and Minnesota Rivers in the Minneapolis-St. Paul area were studied to characterize ground-water discharge from bedrock aquifers to the two rivers. Along the Mississippi River between Fridley and Brooklyn Center, a buried valley underlying the Mississippi River cuts through the overlying terrace deposits and glacial-drift deposits into two underlying bedrock hydro- geologic units: the St Peter aquifer, and a rubble zone between the St. Peter and Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifers. Shallow ground-water flow in the near-surface gray and upper red tills and sand and gravel outwash aquifer discharges to springs along the edge of the river. Ground water flowing through the rubble zone and upper part of the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer probably discharges through alluvial deposits to the river. In study area 2, along the Minnesota River between Eagan and Bloomington, almost 200 feet of post-glacial alluvium, glaciofluvial sand and gravel, Pleistocene lake deposits, and peat fill a bedrock valley under the present-day Minnesota River. As much as 40 feet of post-glacial peat, silty clay, clay, and muck lie near the river-valley walls. Confining units beneath the river channel impede the discharge of ground water from the underlying Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer to the river. Ground water discharges to wetlands, lakes, and springs along both the north and south side of the river. Along the Mississippi River at Minneapolis about 5 miles upstream of the confluence of the Minnesota and Mississippi Rivers, the Mississippi River lies in a post-glacial valley cut through thin glacial drift into the St. Peter aquifer. Beneath the river, ground water flows from the St. Peter aquifer through the overlying post-glacial ailuvium to the Mississippi River. No confining unit separates the St. Peter aquifer and the river.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri944163","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Legislative Commission on Minnesota Resources and the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Schoenberg, M., 1994, Characterization of ground-water discharge from bedrock aquifers to the Mississippi and Minnesota Rivers at three areas, Minneapolis-St. Paul area, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4163, vi, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944163.","productDescription":"vi, 45 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":426341,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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,{"id":31881,"text":"ofr94607A - 1994 - Earthquake data report, July 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:04","indexId":"ofr94607A","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-607","chapter":"A","title":"Earthquake data report, July 1994","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr94607A","usgsCitation":"National Earthquake Information Center, 1994, Earthquake data report, July 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-607, 527 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94607A.","productDescription":"527 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160250,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0607a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":60070,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0607a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a52e4b07f02db62a7a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"National Earthquake Information Center","contributorId":128066,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"National Earthquake Information Center","id":529307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":31880,"text":"ofr94600C - 1994 - Preliminary determination of epicenters; monthly listing July-September 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:04","indexId":"ofr94600C","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-600","chapter":"C","title":"Preliminary determination of epicenters; monthly listing July-September 1994","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr94600C","usgsCitation":"National Earthquake Information Center, 1994, Preliminary determination of epicenters; monthly listing July-September 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-600, 92 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94600C.","productDescription":"92 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160249,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0600c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":60069,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0600c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699e4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"National Earthquake Information Center","contributorId":128066,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"National Earthquake Information Center","id":529306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":31882,"text":"ofr94607B - 1994 - Earthquake data report, July 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:04","indexId":"ofr94607B","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-607","chapter":"B","title":"Earthquake data report, July 1994","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr94607B","usgsCitation":"National Earthquake Information Center, 1994, Earthquake data report, July 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-607, Four 5 1/2 inch diskettes. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94607B.","productDescription":"Four 5 1/2 inch diskettes. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160251,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a52e4b07f02db62a7a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"National Earthquake Information Center","contributorId":128066,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"National Earthquake Information Center","id":529308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30558,"text":"wri944192 - 1994 - Radioactivity in the environment; a case study of the Puerco and Little Colorado River basins, Arizona and New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:09","indexId":"wri944192","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4192","title":"Radioactivity in the environment; a case study of the Puerco and Little Colorado River basins, Arizona and New Mexico","docAbstract":"This report, written for the nontechnical reader, summarizes the results of a study from 1988-91 of the occurrence and transport of selected radionuclides and other chemical constituents in the Puerco and Little Colorado River basins, Arizona and New Mexico. More than two decades of uranium mining and the 1979 failure of an earthen dam containing mine tailings released high levels of radionuclides and other chemical constituents to the Puerco River, a tributary of the Little Colorado River. Releases caused public concern that ground water and streamflow downstream from mining were contaminated. Study findings show which radioactive elements are present, how these elements are distributed between water and sediment in the environment, how concentrations of radioactive elements vary naturally within basins, and how levels of radioactivity have changed since the end of mining. Although levels of radioactive elements and other trace elements measured in streamflow commonly exceed drinking-water standards, no evidence was found to indicate that the high concentrations were still related to uraniurn mining. Sediment radioactivity was higher at sample sites on streams that drain the eastern part of the Little Colorado River basin than that of samples from the western part. Radioactivity of suspended sediment measured in this study, therefore, represents natural conditions for the streams sampled rather than an effect of mining. Because ground water beneath the Puerco River channel is shallow, the aquifer is vulnerable to contamination. A narrow zone of ground water beneath the Puerco River containing elevated uranium concentrations was identified during the study. The highest concentrations were nearest the mines and in samples collected in the first few feet beneath the streambed. Natuxal radiation levels in a few areas of the underlying sedimentary aquifer not connected to the Puerco River also exceeded water quality standards. Water testing would enable those residents not using public water supplies to determine if their water is safe to use.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S. Geological Survey, Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944192","usgsCitation":"Wirt, L., 1994, Radioactivity in the environment; a case study of the Puerco and Little Colorado River basins, Arizona and New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4192, iii, 23 p. :col. ill., col. maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944192.","productDescription":"iii, 23 p. :col. ill., col. maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160633,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4192/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59324,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4192/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db6346ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wirt, Laurie","contributorId":13204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wirt","given":"Laurie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":19077,"text":"ofr94708 - 1994 - Paleogene stratigraphy of the Solomons Island, Maryland, corehole","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-11T16:31:22.972084","indexId":"ofr94708","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-708","title":"Paleogene stratigraphy of the Solomons Island, Maryland, corehole","docAbstract":"<p>The Solomons Island corehole was drilled in the hope of obtaining a continuous and more nearly complete section of upper Paleocene and lower Eocene strata than are found in the discontinuous and fragmentary sections in the outcrop belt to the west. Consultation with Harry Hansen (Maryland Geological Survey) on possible drilling sites that were within the limits of our equipment and funding led to the selection of Solomons Island. A strong factor in this selection was the stratigraphic information available from the nearby Lexington Park well (Hansen and Wilson, 1984). As anticipated, all Paleogene units previously reported in the Maryland and Virginia Coastal Plain, except for the upper Eocene Chickahominy Formation and the upper Oligocene Old Church Formation, were penetrated at Solomons Island. The upper part of the Solomons Island corehole also penetrated the Calvert Formation of Miocene age and the younger Lowland Deposit. Gibson and Andrews (1994) described the lithology and biostratigraphy of these Miocene sediments. This paper describes the lithologies of the Lower Cretaceous, Paleocene, and Eocene strata that were recovered from the Solomons Island corehole and gives a brief biostratigraphic and paleoenvironmental summary of the beds penetrated there. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr94708","usgsCitation":"Gibson, T.G., and Bybell, L.M., 1994, Paleogene stratigraphy of the Solomons Island, Maryland, corehole: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-708, ii, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94708.","productDescription":"ii, 39 p.","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":151105,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0708/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":394191,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0708/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Solomons Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.607421875,\n              36.89719446989036\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.50927734375,\n              36.89719446989036\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.50927734375,\n              39.74943369178247\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.607421875,\n              39.74943369178247\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.607421875,\n              36.89719446989036\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689cad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gibson, Thomas G.","contributorId":25180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibson","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bybell, Laurel M. 0000-0002-4760-7542 lbybell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4760-7542","contributorId":1760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bybell","given":"Laurel","email":"lbybell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":180272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}