{"pageNumber":"396","pageRowStart":"9875","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16437,"records":[{"id":22769,"text":"ofr96418 - 1997 - Hydrologic and water-quality data from selected sites in the Charleston Harbor Estuary and tributary rivers, South Carolina, water years 1992-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-04T13:24:32","indexId":"ofr96418","displayToPublicDate":"1997-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-418","title":"Hydrologic and water-quality data from selected sites in the Charleston Harbor Estuary and tributary rivers, South Carolina, water years 1992-95","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96418","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Conrads, P., Cooney, T., and Long, K., 1997, Hydrologic and water-quality data from selected sites in the Charleston Harbor Estuary and tributary rivers, South Carolina, water years 1992-95: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-418, iii, 987 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96418.","productDescription":"iii, 987 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157065,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0418/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52204,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0418/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","city":"Charleston","otherGeospatial":"Charleston Harbor Estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.18621826171875,\n              32.44952057251957\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.18621826171875,\n              33.97753113740941\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.8543701171875,\n              33.97753113740941\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.8543701171875,\n              32.44952057251957\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.18621826171875,\n              32.44952057251957\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db6116c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conrads, P.A.","contributorId":57493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrads","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooney, T.W.","contributorId":25194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooney","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Long, K.B.","contributorId":52612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"K.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":57204,"text":"ofr97615 - 1997 - Development of an 11- and 14-Digit Hydrologic Unit Boundary Layer for the Licking River Basin Using a Geographic Information System","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:49","indexId":"ofr97615","displayToPublicDate":"1997-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-615","title":"Development of an 11- and 14-Digit Hydrologic Unit Boundary Layer for the Licking River Basin Using a Geographic Information System","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr97615","usgsCitation":"Nelson, H.L., Downs, A.C., Crabtree, S.D., and Hines, D.H., 1997, Development of an 11- and 14-Digit Hydrologic Unit Boundary Layer for the Licking River Basin Using a Geographic Information System: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-615, 1 computer laser optical disc ; 4 3/4 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97615.","productDescription":"1 computer laser optical disc ; 4 3/4 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":174082,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65e1bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Hugh L. hlnelson@usgs.gov","contributorId":4158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Hugh","email":"hlnelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":256342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Downs, Aimee C. acdowns@usgs.gov","contributorId":929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downs","given":"Aimee","email":"acdowns@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":256341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crabtree, Steve D.","contributorId":27126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crabtree","given":"Steve","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hines, Doug H.","contributorId":50208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"Doug","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":57203,"text":"ofr97617 - 1997 - Development of an 11- and 14-digit hydrologic unit boundary layer for the Big Sandy River Basin using a Geographic Information System","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:49","indexId":"ofr97617","displayToPublicDate":"1997-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-617","title":"Development of an 11- and 14-digit hydrologic unit boundary layer for the Big Sandy River Basin using a Geographic Information System","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr97617","usgsCitation":"Nelson, H.L., Downs, A.C., Crabtree, S.D., and Hines, D.H., 1997, Development of an 11- and 14-digit hydrologic unit boundary layer for the Big Sandy River Basin using a Geographic Information System: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-617, 1 computer laser optical disc ; 4 3/4 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97617.","productDescription":"1 computer laser optical disc ; 4 3/4 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":173990,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65e194","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Hugh L. hlnelson@usgs.gov","contributorId":4158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Hugh","email":"hlnelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":256338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Downs, Aimee C. acdowns@usgs.gov","contributorId":929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downs","given":"Aimee","email":"acdowns@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":256337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crabtree, Steve D.","contributorId":27126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crabtree","given":"Steve","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hines, Doug H.","contributorId":50208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"Doug","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":27736,"text":"wri964310 - 1997 - Method for rapid estimation of scour at highway bridges based on limited site data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:25","indexId":"wri964310","displayToPublicDate":"1997-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4310","title":"Method for rapid estimation of scour at highway bridges based on limited site data","docAbstract":"Limited site data were used to develop a method for rapid estimation of scour at highway bridges. The estimates can be obtained in a matter of hours rather than several days as required by more-detailed methods.  Such a method is important because scour assessments are needed to identify scour-critical bridges throughout the United States.  Using detailed scour-analysis methods and scour-prediction equations recommended by the Federal Highway Administration, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Montana Department of Transportation, obtained contraction, pier, and abutment scour-depth data for sites from 10 States.The data were used to develop relations between scour depth and hydraulic variables that can be rapidly measured in the field.  Relations between scour depth and hydraulic variables, in the form of envelope curves, were based on simpler forms of detailed scour-prediction equations.  To apply the rapid-estimation method, a 100-year recurrence interval peak discharge is determined, and bridge- length data are used in the field with graphs relating unit discharge to velocity and velocity to bridge backwater as a basis for estimating flow depths and other hydraulic variables that can then be applied using the envelope curves.  The method was tested in the field.  Results showed good  agreement among individuals involved and with results from more-detailed methods.  Although useful for identifying potentially scour-critical bridges, themethod does not replace more-detailed methods used for design purposes.  Use of the rapid- estimation method should be limited to individuals having experience in bridge scour, hydraulics, and flood hydrology, and some training in use of the method.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri964310","usgsCitation":"Holnbeck, S., and Parrett, C., 1997, Method for rapid estimation of scour at highway bridges based on limited site data: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4310, v, 79 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964310.","productDescription":"v, 79 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":125055,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4310/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56583,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4310/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd1cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holnbeck, S.R.","contributorId":11640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holnbeck","given":"S.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parrett, Charles","contributorId":9635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrett","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":22649,"text":"ofr96581 - 1997 - Hydrogeologic framework and ground-water resources at Seymour Johnson Air Force Base, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:57","indexId":"ofr96581","displayToPublicDate":"1997-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-581","title":"Hydrogeologic framework and ground-water resources at Seymour Johnson Air Force Base, North Carolina","docAbstract":"A preliminary hydrogeologic framework of the Seymour Johnson Air Force Base was constructed from published data, available well data, and reports from Air Base files, City of Goldsboro and Wayne County records, and North Carolina Geological Survey files. Borehole geophysical logs were run in selected wells; and the surficial, Black Creek, and upper Cape Fear aquifers were mapped. \r\n\r\nResults indicate that the surficial aquifer appears to have the greatest lateral variability of clay units and aquifer material of the three aquifers. A surficial aquifer water-level surface map, constructed from selected monitoring wells screened exclusively in the surficial aquifer, indicates the general direction of ground-water movement in this mostly unconfined aquifer is toward the Neuse River and Stoney Creek. However, water-level gradient data from a few sites in the surficial aquifer did not reflect this trend, and there are insufficient hydrologic and hydrogeologic data to determine the cause of these few anamalous measurements. \r\n\r\nThe Black Creek aquifer underlies the surficial aquifer and is believed to underlie most of Wayne County, including the Air Base where the aquifer and overlying confining unit are estimated from well log data to be as much as 100 feet thick. The Black Creek confining unit ranges in thickness from less than 8 feet to more than 20 feet. There are currently no accessible wells screened exclusively in the Black Creek aquifer from which to measure water levels. \r\n\r\nThe upper Cape Fear aquifer and confining unit are generally found at depths greater than 80 feet below land surface at the Air Base, and are estimated to be as much as 70 feet thick. Hydrologic and hydrogeologic data are insufficient to determine localized surficial aquifer hydrogeology, ground-water movement at several sites, or hydraulic head differences between the three aquifers.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96581","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Cardinell, A., and Howe, S.S., 1997, Hydrogeologic framework and ground-water resources at Seymour Johnson Air Force Base, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-581, iv, 21 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96581.","productDescription":"iv, 21 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155239,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0581/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52117,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0581/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c463","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cardinell, A.P.","contributorId":59033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cardinell","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Howe, S. S.","contributorId":103293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howe","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":57202,"text":"ofr97618 - 1997 - Development of an 11- and 14-digit hydrologic unit boundary layer for the Upper Cumberland River Basin using a Geographic Information System","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:49","indexId":"ofr97618","displayToPublicDate":"1997-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-618","title":"Development of an 11- and 14-digit hydrologic unit boundary layer for the Upper Cumberland River Basin using a Geographic Information System","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr97618","usgsCitation":"Nelson, H.L., Downs, A.C., Crabtree, S.D., and Hines, D.H., 1997, Development of an 11- and 14-digit hydrologic unit boundary layer for the Upper Cumberland River Basin using a Geographic Information System: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-618, 1 computer laser optical disc ; 4 3/4 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97618.","productDescription":"1 computer laser optical disc ; 4 3/4 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":173989,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65e098","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Hugh L. hlnelson@usgs.gov","contributorId":4158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Hugh","email":"hlnelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":256334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Downs, Aimee C. acdowns@usgs.gov","contributorId":929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downs","given":"Aimee","email":"acdowns@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":256333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crabtree, Steve D.","contributorId":27126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crabtree","given":"Steve","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hines, Doug H.","contributorId":50208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"Doug","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":49759,"text":"ofr97619 - 1997 - Development of an 11- and 14-digit hydrologic unit boundary layer for the Green River Basin using a Geographic Information System","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:11","indexId":"ofr97619","displayToPublicDate":"1997-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-619","title":"Development of an 11- and 14-digit hydrologic unit boundary layer for the Green River Basin using a Geographic Information System","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr97619","usgsCitation":"Nelson, H.L., Downs, A.C., Crabtree, S.D., and Hines, D.H., 1997, Development of an 11- and 14-digit hydrologic unit boundary layer for the Green River Basin using a Geographic Information System: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-619, 1 computer laser optical disc ; 4 3/4 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97619.","productDescription":"1 computer laser optical disc ; 4 3/4 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":176314,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65e199","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Hugh L. hlnelson@usgs.gov","contributorId":4158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Hugh","email":"hlnelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":240209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Downs, Aimee C. acdowns@usgs.gov","contributorId":929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downs","given":"Aimee","email":"acdowns@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":240208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crabtree, Steve D.","contributorId":27126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crabtree","given":"Steve","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":240210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hines, Doug H.","contributorId":50208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"Doug","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":240211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":26794,"text":"wri964301 - 1997 - Geohydrology and water quality of Marine Corps Logistics Base, Nebo and Yermo annexes, near Barstow, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:38","indexId":"wri964301","displayToPublicDate":"1997-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4301","title":"Geohydrology and water quality of Marine Corps Logistics Base, Nebo and Yermo annexes, near Barstow, California","docAbstract":"Because ground water is the only dependable source of water in the Barstow area, a thorough understanding of the relationship between the geology and hydrology of this area is needed to make informed ground-water management andremediation decisions. This report summarizes geologic and hydrologic studies done during 1992-95 at the Marine Corps Logistics Base, Nebo and Yermo Annexes, near Barstow, California. The geologic investigation dealt with the stratigraphy and geologic history of the area and determined the location of faults that cross the Marine Corps Logistics Base, Nebo Annex.  Two of these faultscoincide with significant ground-water barriers. Geologic and hydrologic data collected for this study were used to define two main aquifer systems in this area. The Mojave River aquifer is contained within the sand and gravel of the Mojave   River alluvium, and the regional aquifer lies in the bordering alluvial-fan deposits and older alluvium. Water-level data showed that recharge occurs exten sively in the Mojave River aquifer but occurs only in small areas of the regional aquifer. Dissolved- solids concentrations showed that ground-water degradation exists in the Mojave River aquifer near the Nebo Annex and extends at least 1 mile downgradient of the Nebo golf course in the younger Mojave River alluvium. Nitrogen concentrations show that more than one source is causing the observed degradation in the Mojave River aquifer. Oxygen-18, deuterium, tritium, andcarbon-14 data indicate that the Mojave River and regional aquifers have different sources of recharge and that recent recharge occurs in the Mojave River aquifer but is more limited in the regional aquifer.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri964301","usgsCitation":"Densmore, J., Cox, B.F., and Crawford, S.M., 1997, Geohydrology and water quality of Marine Corps Logistics Base, Nebo and Yermo annexes, near Barstow, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4301, v, 116 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964301.","productDescription":"v, 116 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":125169,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4301/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55684,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4301/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8bc1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Densmore, Jill N. 0000-0002-5345-6613","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5345-6613","contributorId":89179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"Jill N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cox, Brett F. bcox@usgs.gov","contributorId":5793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Brett","email":"bcox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":197012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crawford, Steven M.","contributorId":80714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":49763,"text":"ofr97623 - 1997 - Development of an 11- and 14-Digit Hydrologic Unit Boundary Layer for the Hatchie-Obion River Basin Using a Geographic Information System","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:15","indexId":"ofr97623","displayToPublicDate":"1997-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-623","title":"Development of an 11- and 14-Digit Hydrologic Unit Boundary Layer for the Hatchie-Obion River Basin Using a Geographic Information System","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr97623","usgsCitation":"Nelson, H.L., Downs, A.C., Crabtree, S.D., and Hines, D.H., 1997, Development of an 11- and 14-Digit Hydrologic Unit Boundary Layer for the Hatchie-Obion River Basin Using a Geographic Information System: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-623, CD-ROM ; 4 3/4 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97623.","productDescription":"CD-ROM ; 4 3/4 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":176337,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65e157","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Hugh L. hlnelson@usgs.gov","contributorId":4158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Hugh","email":"hlnelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":240225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Downs, Aimee C. acdowns@usgs.gov","contributorId":929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downs","given":"Aimee","email":"acdowns@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":240224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crabtree, Steve D.","contributorId":27126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crabtree","given":"Steve","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":240226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hines, Doug H.","contributorId":50208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"Doug","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":240227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":49762,"text":"ofr97622 - 1997 - Development of an 11- and 14-digit hydrologic unit boundary layer for the Lower Tennessee River Basin using a Geographic Information System","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:15","indexId":"ofr97622","displayToPublicDate":"1997-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-622","title":"Development of an 11- and 14-digit hydrologic unit boundary layer for the Lower Tennessee River Basin using a Geographic Information System","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr97622","usgsCitation":"Nelson, H.L., Downs, A.C., Crabtree, S.D., and Hines, D.H., 1997, Development of an 11- and 14-digit hydrologic unit boundary layer for the Lower Tennessee River Basin using a Geographic Information System: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-622, CD-ROM ; 4 3/4 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97622.","productDescription":"CD-ROM ; 4 3/4 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":176247,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65e056","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Hugh L. hlnelson@usgs.gov","contributorId":4158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Hugh","email":"hlnelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":240221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Downs, Aimee C. acdowns@usgs.gov","contributorId":929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downs","given":"Aimee","email":"acdowns@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":240220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crabtree, Steve D.","contributorId":27126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crabtree","given":"Steve","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":240222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hines, Doug H.","contributorId":50208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"Doug","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":240223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":49761,"text":"ofr97621 - 1997 - Development of an 11- and 14-Digit Hydrologic Unit Boundary Layer for the Lower Cumberland River Basin Using a Geographic Information System","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:15","indexId":"ofr97621","displayToPublicDate":"1997-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-621","title":"Development of an 11- and 14-Digit Hydrologic Unit Boundary Layer for the Lower Cumberland River Basin Using a Geographic Information System","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr97621","usgsCitation":"Nelson, H.L., Downs, A.C., Crabtree, S.D., and Hines, D.H., 1997, Development of an 11- and 14-Digit Hydrologic Unit Boundary Layer for the Lower Cumberland River Basin Using a Geographic Information System: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-621, CD-ROM ; 4 3/4 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97621.","productDescription":"CD-ROM ; 4 3/4 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":176246,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65e1ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Hugh L. hlnelson@usgs.gov","contributorId":4158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Hugh","email":"hlnelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":240217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Downs, Aimee C. acdowns@usgs.gov","contributorId":929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downs","given":"Aimee","email":"acdowns@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":240216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crabtree, Steve D.","contributorId":27126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crabtree","given":"Steve","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":240218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hines, Doug H.","contributorId":50208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"Doug","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":240219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":49760,"text":"ofr97620 - 1997 - Development of an 11- and 14-Digit Hydrologic Unit Boundary Layer for the Lower Ohio River Basin Using a Geographic Information System","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:11","indexId":"ofr97620","displayToPublicDate":"1997-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-620","title":"Development of an 11- and 14-Digit Hydrologic Unit Boundary Layer for the Lower Ohio River Basin Using a Geographic Information System","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr97620","usgsCitation":"Nelson, H.L., Downs, A.C., Crabtree, S.D., and Hines, D.H., 1997, Development of an 11- and 14-Digit Hydrologic Unit Boundary Layer for the Lower Ohio River Basin Using a Geographic Information System: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-620, CD-ROM ; 4 3/4 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97620.","productDescription":"CD-ROM ; 4 3/4 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":176315,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65e11a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Hugh L. hlnelson@usgs.gov","contributorId":4158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Hugh","email":"hlnelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":240213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Downs, Aimee C. acdowns@usgs.gov","contributorId":929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downs","given":"Aimee","email":"acdowns@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":240212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crabtree, Steve D.","contributorId":27126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crabtree","given":"Steve","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":240214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hines, Doug H.","contributorId":50208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"Doug","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":240215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":49758,"text":"ofr97614 - 1997 - Development of an 11- and 14-digit hydrologic unit boundary layer for the Lower Ohio-Salt River Basin using a Geographic Information System","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:11","indexId":"ofr97614","displayToPublicDate":"1997-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-614","title":"Development of an 11- and 14-digit hydrologic unit boundary layer for the Lower Ohio-Salt River Basin using a Geographic Information System","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr97614","usgsCitation":"Nelson, H.L., Downs, A.C., Crabtree, S.D., and Hines, D.H., 1997, Development of an 11- and 14-digit hydrologic unit boundary layer for the Lower Ohio-Salt River Basin using a Geographic Information System: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-614, CD-ROM ; 4 3/4 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97614.","productDescription":"CD-ROM ; 4 3/4 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":176313,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65e040","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Hugh L. hlnelson@usgs.gov","contributorId":4158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Hugh","email":"hlnelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":240205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Downs, Aimee C. acdowns@usgs.gov","contributorId":929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downs","given":"Aimee","email":"acdowns@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":240204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crabtree, Steve D.","contributorId":27126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crabtree","given":"Steve","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":240206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hines, Doug H.","contributorId":50208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"Doug","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":240207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":27860,"text":"wri974035 - 1997 - Use of isotopic data to evaluate recharge and geologic controls on the movement of ground water in Las Posas Valley, Ventura County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:44","indexId":"wri974035","displayToPublicDate":"1997-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4035","title":"Use of isotopic data to evaluate recharge and geologic controls on the movement of ground water in Las Posas Valley, Ventura County, California","docAbstract":"Injection, storage, and recovery of imported water is planned for aquifers underlying Las Posas Valley. To evaluate sources of ground-water recharge and the age of the water (time since recharge), and to identify barriers to ground-water flow prior to the injection of imported water, samples from wells and surface sources were collected and analyzed for chemical and isotopic composition. The delta oxygen- 18 and delta deuterium composition in almost 50 samples from 32 wells ranged from -6.0 to -7.9 per mil, and -40 to -60 per mil, respectively; and in 13 samples of surface water at 6 sites the composition ranged from -6.2 to -9.4 per mil, and -42 to -71 per mil, respectively.  Water from wells in the upper aquifer system near Arroyo Simi and Arroyo Las Posas (different reaches of the same stream) was isotopi cally lighter than water from other wells sampled and was similar in isotopic composition to water in the stream. Water in the stream is a mixture of local water and imported water from northern California that was discharged to the stream as treated municipal wastewater. Water from wells near the stream contained tritium and, therefore, was recharged less than 50 years ago.  Water from wells in other parts of the valley was isotopically heavier, did not contain tritium, and, therefore, was recharged more than 50 years ago. Interpreted carbon-14 ages for water from wells along a flow path through the valley ranged from at least 800 to more than 8,000 years before present. There were large differences in the chemistry, isotopic composition, and interpreted age of water from wells between the eastern and western parts of Las Posas Valley. These changes are consistent with geologic and hydrologic data that suggest the presence of a barrier to ground-water flow between east and west Las Posas Valley.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri974035","usgsCitation":"Izbicki, J., and Martin, P., 1997, Use of isotopic data to evaluate recharge and geologic controls on the movement of ground water in Las Posas Valley, Ventura County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4035, iv, 12 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974035.","productDescription":"iv, 12 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158919,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4035/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56683,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4035/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49cbe4b07f02db5d8589","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Izbicki, John A. 0000-0003-0816-4408 jaizbick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":1375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"John A.","email":"jaizbick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":198800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, Peter pmmartin@usgs.gov","contributorId":799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Peter","email":"pmmartin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":198799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":49757,"text":"ofr97613 - 1997 - Development of an 11- and 14-Digit Hydrologic Unit Boundary Layer for the Middle Ohio-Little Miami River Basin Using a Geographic Information System","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:11","indexId":"ofr97613","displayToPublicDate":"1997-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-613","title":"Development of an 11- and 14-Digit Hydrologic Unit Boundary Layer for the Middle Ohio-Little Miami River Basin Using a Geographic Information System","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr97613","usgsCitation":"Nelson, H.L., Downs, A.C., Crabtree, S.D., and Hines, D.H., 1997, Development of an 11- and 14-Digit Hydrologic Unit Boundary Layer for the Middle Ohio-Little Miami River Basin Using a Geographic Information System: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-613, CD-ROM ; 4 3/4 in. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97613.","productDescription":"CD-ROM ; 4 3/4 in. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":176226,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65e01c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Hugh L. hlnelson@usgs.gov","contributorId":4158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Hugh","email":"hlnelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":240201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Downs, Aimee C. acdowns@usgs.gov","contributorId":929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downs","given":"Aimee","email":"acdowns@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":240200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crabtree, Steve D.","contributorId":27126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crabtree","given":"Steve","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":240202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hines, Doug H.","contributorId":50208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"Doug","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":240203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":49756,"text":"ofr97616 - 1997 - Development of an 11- and 14-Digit Hydrologic Unit Boundary Layer for the Middle Ohio-Raccoon Basin Using a Geographic Information System","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:11","indexId":"ofr97616","displayToPublicDate":"1997-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-616","title":"Development of an 11- and 14-Digit Hydrologic Unit Boundary Layer for the Middle Ohio-Raccoon Basin Using a Geographic Information System","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr97616","usgsCitation":"Nelson, H.L., Downs, A.C., Crabtree, S.D., and Hines, D.H., 1997, Development of an 11- and 14-Digit Hydrologic Unit Boundary Layer for the Middle Ohio-Raccoon Basin Using a Geographic Information System: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-616, 1 computer laser optical disc ; 4 3/4 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97616.","productDescription":"1 computer laser optical disc ; 4 3/4 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":176225,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65e133","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Hugh L. hlnelson@usgs.gov","contributorId":4158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Hugh","email":"hlnelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":240197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Downs, Aimee C. acdowns@usgs.gov","contributorId":929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downs","given":"Aimee","email":"acdowns@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":240196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crabtree, Steve D.","contributorId":27126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crabtree","given":"Steve","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":240198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hines, Doug H.","contributorId":50208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"Doug","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":240199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1243,"text":"wsp2341C - 1997 - Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow in the thick regolith-fractured crystalline rock aquifer system of Indian Creek basin, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-06T22:32:21.269505","indexId":"wsp2341C","displayToPublicDate":"1997-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2341","chapter":"C","title":"Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow in the thick regolith-fractured crystalline rock aquifer system of Indian Creek basin, North Carolina","docAbstract":"<p>The Indian Creek Basin in the southwestern Piedmont of North Carolina is one of five type areas studied as part of the Appalachian Valleys-Piedmont Regional Aquifer-System analysis. Detailed studies of selected type areas were used to quantify ground-water flow characteristics in various conceptual hydrogeologic terranes. The conceptual hydrogeologic terranes are considered representative of ground-water conditions beneath large areas of the three physiographic provinces--Valley and Ridge, Blue Ridge, and Piedmont--that compose the Appalachian Valleys-Piedmont Regional Aquifer-System Analysis area. The Appalachian Valleys-Piedmont Regional Aquifer-System Analysis study area extends over approximately 142,000 square miles in 11 states and the District of Columbia in the Appalachian highlands of the Eastern United States. The Indian Creek type area is typical of ground-water conditions in a single hydrogeologic terrane that underlies perhaps as much as 40 percent of the Piedmont physiographic province. </p><p>The hydrogeologic terrane of the Indian Creek model area is one of massive and foliated crystalline rocks mantled by thick regolith. The area lies almost entirely within the Inner Piedmont geologic belt. Five hydrogeologic units occupy major portions of the model area, but statistical tests on well yields, specific capacities, and other hydrologic characteristics show that the five hydrogeologic units can be treated as one unit for purposes of modeling ground-water flow. </p><p>The 146-square-mile Indian Creek model area includes the Indian Creek Basin, which has a surface drainage area of about 69 square miles. The Indian Creek Basin lies in parts of Catawba, Lincoln, and Gaston Counties, North Carolina. The larger model area is based on boundary conditions established for digital simulation of ground-water flow within the smaller Indian Creek Basin. </p><p>The ground-water flow model of the Indian Creek Basin is based on the U.S. Geological Survey?s modular finite-difference ground-water flow model. The model area is divided into a uniformly spaced grid having 196 rows and 140 columns. The grid spacing is 500 feet. The model grid is oriented to coincide with fabric elements such that rows are oriented parallel to fractures (N. 72° E.) and columns are oriented parallel to foliation (N. 18° W.). The model is discretized vertically into 11 layers; the top layer represents the soil and saprolite of the regolith, and the lower 10 layers represent bedrock. The base of the model is 850 feet below land surface. The top bedrock layer, which is only 25 feet thick, represents the transition zone between saprolite and unweathered bedrock. </p><p>The assignment of different values of transmissivity to the bedrock according to the topographic setting of model cells and depth results in inherent lateral and vertical anisotropy in the model with zones of high transmissivity in bedrock coinciding with valleys and draws, and zones of low transmissivity in bedrock coinciding with hills and ridges. Lateral anisotropy tends to be most pronounced in the north-northwest to south-southeast direction. Transmissivities decrease nonlineraly with depth. At 850 feet, depending on topographic setting, transmissivities have decreased to about 1 to 4 percent of the value of transmissivity immediately below the regolith-bedrock interface. </p><p>The model boundaries are, for the most part, specified-flux boundaries that coincide with streams that surround the Indian Creek Basin. The area of active model nodes within the boundaries is about 146 square miles and has about 17,400 active cells. The numerical model is designed not as a predictive tool, but as an interpretive one. The model is designed to help gain insight into flow-system dynamics. Predictive capabilities of the numerical model are limited by the constraints placed on the flow system by specified fluxes and recharge distribution.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp2341C","usgsCitation":"Daniel, C., Smith, D.G., and Eimers, J., 1997, Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow in the thick regolith-fractured crystalline rock aquifer system of Indian Creek basin, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2341, viii, 137 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2341C.","productDescription":"viii, 137 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":411533,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25369.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":26172,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2341c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137252,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2341c/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Indian Creek Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.25230702730993,\n              35.58329130222313\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.51100330067938,\n              35.58329130222313\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.51100330067938,\n              35.36336371030562\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.25230702730993,\n              35.36336371030562\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.25230702730993,\n              35.58329130222313\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db62527b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Daniel, Charles C.","contributorId":91081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daniel","given":"Charles C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Douglas G. dgsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":1532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Douglas","email":"dgsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":143429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eimers, Jo Leslie","contributorId":52946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eimers","given":"Jo Leslie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70129395,"text":"70129395 - 1997 - Wetland losses related to fault movement and hydrocarbon production, southeastern Texas coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-21T13:51:56","indexId":"70129395","displayToPublicDate":"1997-10-21T13:45:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wetland losses related to fault movement and hydrocarbon production, southeastern Texas coast","docAbstract":"Time series analyses of surface fault activity and nearby hydrocarbon production from the southeastern Texas coast show a high correlation among volume of produced fluids, timing of fault activation, rates of subsidence, and rates of wetland loss. Greater subsidence on the downthrown sides of faults contributes to more frequent flooding and generally wetter conditions, which are commonly reflected by changes in plant communities {e.g., Spartina patens to Spartina alterniflora) or progressive transformation of emergent vegetation to open water. Since the 1930s and 1950s, approximately 5,000 hectares of marsh habitat has been lost as a result of subsidence associated with faulting. Marsh- es have expanded locally along faults where hydrophytic vegetation has spread into former upland areas. Fault traces are linear to curvilinear and are visible because elevation differences across faults alter soil hydrology and vegetation. Fault lengths range from 1 to 13.4 km and average 3.8 km. Seventy-five percent of the faults visible on recent aerial photographs are not visible on photographs taken in the 1930's, indicating relatively recent fault movement. At least 80% of the surface faults correlate with extrapolated subsurface faults; the correlation increases to more than 90% when certain assumptions are made to compensate for mismatches in direction of displacement. Coastal wetlands loss in Texas associated with hydrocarbon extraction will likely increase where production in mature fields is prolonged without fiuid reinjection.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Coastal Education and Research Foundation","usgsCitation":"White, W.A., and Morton, R.A., 1997, Wetland losses related to fault movement and hydrocarbon production, southeastern Texas coast: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 13, no. 4, p. 1305-1320.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1305","endPage":"1320","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295582,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295581,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4298740"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","volume":"13","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"544775d6e4b0f888a81b835e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, William A.","contributorId":18293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morton, Robert A.","contributorId":28184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5422,"text":"fs00297 - 1997 - What are volcano hazards?","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":5422,"text":"fs00297 - 1997 - What are volcano hazards?","indexId":"fs00297","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"What are volcano hazards?"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70202932,"text":"fs20183075 - 2019 - Living with volcano hazards","indexId":"fs20183075","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"title":"Living with volcano hazards"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70202932,"text":"fs20183075 - 2019 - Living with volcano hazards","indexId":"fs20183075","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"title":"Living with volcano hazards"},"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-10T11:20:40","indexId":"fs00297","displayToPublicDate":"1997-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"002-97","title":"What are volcano hazards?","docAbstract":"<p>Volcanoes give rise to numerous geologic and hydrologic hazards. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists are assessing hazards at many of the almost 70 active and potentially active volcanoes in the United States. They are closely monitoring activity at the most dangerous of these volcanoes and are prepared to issue warnings of impending eruptions or other hazardous events.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs00297","usgsCitation":"Myers, B., Brantley, S.R., Stauffer, P., and Hendley, J.W., II, 1997, What are volcano hazards? (revised March 2008): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 002–97, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs00297.","productDescription":"1 sheet [2] p. : col. ill. ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":363599,"rank":2,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs14400","text":"Fact Sheet 144-00","linkHelpText":" - (Spanish Version) ¿Cuales son las amenazas o peligros volcanicos?"},{"id":363600,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs002-97/fs00297.pdf","text":"Report","size":"600 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Fact Sheet 002-97"},{"id":125181,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs002-97/images/coverthb.jpg"}],"edition":"1997; revised June 1998; revised June 2004; revised March 2008","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/vhp/contact.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-mce-href=\"https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/vhp/contact.html\">Contact Information</a><br><a href=\"https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-mce-href=\"https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/\">Volcano Science Center</a>&nbsp;- Menlo Park<br><a href=\"https://usgs.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-mce-href=\"https://usgs.gov/\">U.S. Geological Survey</a><br>345 Middlefield Road, MS 910<br>Menlo Park, CA 94025</p>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"publishedDate":"1997-06-08","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e1e4b07f02db5e4972","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Myers, Bobbie","contributorId":108093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"Bobbie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brantley, Steven R. srbrant@usgs.gov","contributorId":4182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brantley","given":"Steven R.","email":"srbrant@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":150958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stauffer, Peter R.","contributorId":36927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stauffer","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hendley, James W. II jhendley@usgs.gov","contributorId":2547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hendley","given":"James","suffix":"II","email":"jhendley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":27743,"text":"wri964198 - 1997 - Vulnerability of ground water to atrazine leaching in Kent County, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-13T10:31:28","indexId":"wri964198","displayToPublicDate":"1997-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4198","title":"Vulnerability of ground water to atrazine leaching in Kent County, Michigan","docAbstract":"<p>A steady-state model of pesticide leaching through the unsaturated zone was used with readily available hydrologic, lithologic, and pesticide characteristics to estimate the vulnerability of the near-surface aquifer to atrazine contamination from non-point sources in Kent County, Michigan. The modelcomputed fraction of atrazine remaining at the water table, <i>RM</i>, was used as the vulnerability criterion; time of travel to the water table also was computed. Model results indicate that the average fraction of atrazine remaining at the water table was 0.039 percent; the fraction ranged from 0 to 3.6 percent. Time of travel of atrazine from the soil surface to the water table averaged 17.7 years and ranged from 2.2 to 118 years.</p><p>Three maps were generated to present three views of the same atrazine vulnerability characteristics using different metrics (nonlinear transformations of the computed fractions remaining). The metrics were chosen because of the highly (right) skewed distribution of computed fractions. The first metric, <i>rm</i> = <i>RM</i><sup>λ</sup> (where λ was 0.0625), depicts a relatively uniform distribution of vulnerability across the county with localized areas of high and low vulnerability visible. The second metric, <i>rm</i><sup>λ-0.5</sup>, depicts about one-half the county at low vulnerability with discontinuous patterns of high vulnerability evident. In the third metric, <i>rm</i><sup>λ-1.0</sup> (<i>RM</i>), more than 95 percent of the county appears to have low vulnerability; small, distinct areas of high vulnerability are present.</p><p>Aquifer vulnerability estimates in the <i>RM</i> metric were used with a steady-state, uniform atrazine application rate to compute a potential concentration of atrazine in leachate reaching the water table. The average estimated potential atrazine concentration in leachate at the water table was 0.16 μg/L (micrograms per liter) in the model area; estimated potential concentrations ranged from 0 to 26 μg/L. About 2 percent of the model area had estimated potential atrazine concentrations in leachate at the water table that exceeded the USEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) maximum contaminant level of 3 μg/L.</p><p>Uncertainty analyses were used to assess effects of parameter uncertainty and spatial interpolation error on the variability of the estimated fractions of atrazine remaining at the water table. Results of Monte Carlo simulations indicate that parameter uncertainty is associated with a standard error of 0.0875 in the computed fractions (in the <i>rm</i> metric). Results of kriging analysis indicate that errors in spatial interpolation are associated with a standard error of 0.146 (in the <i>rm</i> metric). Thus, uncertainty in fractions remaining is primarily associated with spatial interpolation error, which can be reduced by increasing the density of points where the leaching model is applied.</p><p>A sensitivity analysis indicated which of 13 hydrologic, lithologic, and pesticide characteristics were influential in determining fractions of atrazine remaining at the water table. Results indicate that fractions remaining are most sensitive to the unit changes in pesticide half life and in organic-carbon content in soils and unweathered rocks, and least sensitive to infiltration rates.</p><p>The leaching model applied in this report provides an estimate of the vulnerability of the near-surface aquifer in Kent County to contamination by atrazine. The vulnerability estimate is related to water-quality criteria developed by the USEPA to help assess potential risks from atrazine to the near-surface aquifer. However, atrazine accounts for only 28 percent of the herbicide use in the county; additional potential for contamination exists from other pesticides and pesticide metabolites. Therefore, additional work is needed to develop a comprehensive understanding of the relative risks associated with specific pesticides. The modeling approach described in this report provides a technique for estimating relative vulnerabilities to specific pesticides and for helping to assess potential risks.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","doi":"10.3133/wri964198","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Michigan Department of Agriculture","usgsCitation":"Holtschlag, D., and Luukkonen, C.L., 1997, Vulnerability of ground water to atrazine leaching in Kent County, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4198, v, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964198.","productDescription":"v, 49 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":56588,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4198/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157945,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4198/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Kent County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-85.5639,43.294],[-85.445,43.294],[-85.3229,43.293],[-85.3147,43.2929],[-85.3143,43.206],[-85.3127,43.1182],[-85.3136,43.0304],[-85.3132,42.9436],[-85.311,42.8567],[-85.3112,42.7694],[-85.5485,42.7677],[-85.7839,42.7674],[-85.7881,43.0289],[-85.79,43.2035],[-85.7917,43.2923],[-85.6746,43.2929],[-85.5639,43.294]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Kent\",\"state\":\"MI\"}}]}\n","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c401","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holtschlag, D. J. 0000-0001-5185-4928","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-4928","contributorId":102493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holtschlag","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luukkonen, C. L.","contributorId":28962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luukkonen","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28199,"text":"wri954284 - 1997 - Precipitation-runoff and streamflow-routing models for the Willamette River basin, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T08:37:00","indexId":"wri954284","displayToPublicDate":"1997-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4284","title":"Precipitation-runoff and streamflow-routing models for the Willamette River basin, Oregon","docAbstract":"<p>Precipitation-runoff and streamflow-routing models were constructed and assessed as part of a water-quality study of the Willamette River Basin. The study was a cooperative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (ODEQ) and was coordinated with the USGS National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) study of the Willamette River. Routing models are needed to estimate streamflow so that water-quality constituent loads can be calculated from measured concentrations and so that sources, sinks, and downstream changes in those loads can be identified. Runoff models are needed to estimate ungaged-tributary inflows for routing models and to identify flow contributions from different parts of the basin. The runoff and routing models can be run either separately or together to simulate streamflow at various locations and to examine streamflow contributions from overland flow, shallow-subsurface flow, and ground-water flow.</p>\n<p>The 11,500-square-mile Willamette River Basin was partitioned into 21 major basins and 253 subbasins. For each subbasin, digital data layers of land use, soils, geology, and topography were combined in a geographic information system (GIS) to define hydrologic response units (HRU's), the basic computational unit for the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS). Spatial data layers were also used to calculate noncalibrated PRMS parameter values. Other PRMS parameter values were obtained from 10 nearby calibrated subbasins of representative location and character.</p>\n<p>About 760 miles of the Willamette River system were partitioned into 4 main-stem networks and 17 major tributary networks for streamflow routing. Data from time-of-travel studies, discharge measurements, and flood analyses were used to develop equations that related stream cross-sectional area to discharge and stream width to discharge. These relations were derived for all 21 stream networks at approximately 3-mile intervals and used in the Diffusion Analogy Flow model (DAFLOW) in streamflow routing.</p>\n<p>Ten representative runoff models and 11 network-routing models were calibrated for water years 1972-75 and verified for water years 1976-78. These were the periods with the most complete and widespread streamflow record for the Willamette River Basin. Observed and estimated daily precipitation and daily minimum and maximum air temperature were used as input to the runoff models. The resulting coefficient of determination (R2) for the representative runoff models ranged from 0.69 to 0.93 for the calibration period and from 0.63 to 0.92 for the verification period; absolute errors ranged from 18 to 39 percent and from 27 to 51 percent, respectively. Bias error for the runoff modeling ranged from + 13 to -32 percent. Observed daily streamflow data were used as input to the network-routing models where available, and simulated streamflows from runoff model results were used for ungaged areas. Absolute error for the network-routing models ranged from about 21 percent for the Molalla River model, for which 70 percent of the subbasin was ungaged, to about 4 percent for the Willamette main-stem model (Albany to Salem), for which only 9 percent of the subbasin was ungaged.</p>\n<p>With an input of current streamflow, precipitation, and air temperature data the combined runoff and routing models can provide current estimates of streamflow at almost 500 locations on the main stem and major tributaries of the Willamette River with a high degree of accuracy. Relative contributions of surface runoff, subsurface flow, and ground-water flow can be assessed for 1 to 10 HRU classes in each of 253 subbasins identified for precipitation-runoff modeling. Model outputs were used with a water-quality model to simulate the movement of dye in the Pudding River as an example</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","doi":"10.3133/wri954284","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Oregon Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Laenen, A., and Risley, J.C., 1997, Precipitation-runoff and streamflow-routing models for the Willamette River basin, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4284, vii, 197 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954284.","productDescription":"vii, 197 p.","numberOfPages":"207","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":57037,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4284/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":159174,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4284/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Willamette River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.57421875,\n              43.31718491566708\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.57421875,\n              46.5739667965278\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.904541015625,\n              46.5739667965278\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.904541015625,\n              43.31718491566708\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.57421875,\n              43.31718491566708\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b08e4b07f02db69b810","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laenen, Antonius","contributorId":107673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laenen","given":"Antonius","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Risley, John C. 0000-0002-8206-5443 jrisley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8206-5443","contributorId":2698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risley","given":"John","email":"jrisley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":199381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70205524,"text":"70205524 - 1997 - A comparison of wetland tree growth response to hydrologic regime in Louisiana and South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-23T11:57:29","indexId":"70205524","displayToPublicDate":"1997-09-23T11:42:30","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of wetland tree growth response to hydrologic regime in Louisiana and South Carolina","docAbstract":"<p><span>Numerous investigations have examined the growth of wetland tree species under a variety of hydrologic conditions. Most studies have compared flooded versus non-flooded conditions in greenhouses or in one to a few field sites near each other or within the same region. Comparisons of wetland tree growth among widely separated areas of the country are rare. This study compared the diameter growth of&nbsp;</span><i>Nyssa sylvatica</i><span>&nbsp;var.&nbsp;</span><i>biflora, Nyssa aquatica</i><span>, and&nbsp;</span><i>Taxodium distichum</i><span>&nbsp;trees from Louisiana (Gulf Coastal Plain) and South Carolina (Atlantic Coastal Plain). In both regions, individual trees were distributed along a gradient of hydrologic regimes from infrequent to permanent flooding.&nbsp;</span><i>Nyssa sylvatica</i><span>&nbsp;var.&nbsp;</span><i>biflora</i><span>&nbsp;was restricted to periodically flooded sites in both regions. Within these sites, this species showed little response to differences in mean water depth. In contrast, significant differences among hydrologic regimes were detected for&nbsp;</span><i>N. aquatica</i><span>&nbsp;in both regions. In Louisiana, patterns of growth response did not correlate with the gradient of hydrologic regimes, but in South Carolina maximum growth was inversely related to mean water levels during the growing season. Maximum growth of&nbsp;</span><i>T. distichum</i><span>&nbsp;trees was observed at sites with shallow, permanent flooding in both regions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0378-1127(96)03901-1","usgsCitation":"Keeland, B.D., Conner, W., and Sharitz, R.R., 1997, A comparison of wetland tree growth response to hydrologic regime in Louisiana and South Carolina: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 90, no. 2-3, p. 237-250, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(96)03901-1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"250","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479915,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.558.1339","text":"External Repository"},{"id":367626,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Barataria Basin, Island Creek,, Pearl River Swamp, Upper Three Runs Creek, Verret Basin","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-88.865067,29.752714],[-88.944435,29.658806],[-88.941605,29.674833],[-88.911751,29.699348],[-88.873611,29.758043],[-88.867973,29.79133],[-88.84301,29.82596],[-88.836296,29.855221],[-88.843277,29.86381],[-88.8312,29.878839],[-88.828247,29.920717],[-88.840866,29.995613],[-88.881454,30.053202],[-88.841225,30.012789],[-88.817017,29.93425],[-88.826538,29.847092],[-88.865067,29.752714]]],[[[-89.486709,29.621003],[-89.535202,29.648567],[-89.621109,29.657101],[-89.632698,29.671724],[-89.64975,29.672941],[-89.641228,29.635773],[-89.647324,29.625414],[-89.684486,29.624804],[-89.684486,29.602867],[-89.668648,29.580322],[-89.684486,29.563263],[-89.681092,29.534487],[-89.700501,29.515967],[-89.665813,29.49002],[-89.63533,29.489294],[-89.596533,29.456303],[-89.589536,29.437662],[-89.577096,29.433692],[-89.548686,29.465723],[-89.528429,29.454702],[-89.531943,29.425679],[-89.508551,29.386168],[-89.487308,29.393346],[-89.47714,29.411241],[-89.457303,29.393148],[-89.380001,29.391785],[-89.340304,29.381412],[-89.350694,29.349544],[-89.32317,29.343982],[-89.303766,29.357455],[-89.283028,29.356467],[-89.24087,29.310081],[-89.224192,29.313792],[-89.200599,29.347672],[-89.189354,29.345061],[-89.165015,29.303039],[-89.140275,29.291085],[-89.129688,29.265632],[-89.100106,29.25022],[-89.10065,29.206314],[-89.068265,29.204166],[-89.029103,29.220956],[-89.015192,29.211561],[-89.000674,29.180091],[-89.00529,29.164949],[-89.024269,29.170043],[-89.047233,29.157833],[-89.023942,29.1337],[-89.051953,29.106554],[-89.062335,29.070234],[-89.121542,29.069074],[-89.16985,29.008703],[-89.186061,29.017993],[-89.189893,29.032635],[-89.211144,29.040813],[-89.225865,29.07866],[-89.254726,29.083261],[-89.259354,29.058358],[-89.315389,29.039081],[-89.32485,29.013805],[-89.338249,29.012935],[-89.383814,28.947434],[-89.41148,28.925011],[-89.419865,28.929709],[-89.408157,28.965341],[-89.375049,28.985368],[-89.334735,29.040335],[-89.354798,29.072543],[-89.374522,29.084174],[-89.405654,29.086936],[-89.409371,29.127855],[-89.482844,29.215053],[-89.606651,29.252023],[-89.697258,29.296679],[-89.782149,29.311132],[-89.850305,29.311768],[-89.853699,29.34064],[-89.816155,29.393518],[-89.826049,29.415589],[-89.843553,29.421677],[-89.832898,29.463536],[-89.849642,29.477996],[-89.902179,29.460011],[-89.932598,29.429288],[-89.95543,29.428527],[-89.991961,29.463536],[-90.01251,29.462775],[-90.032298,29.427005],[-90.036374,29.363661],[-90.028536,29.307083],[-90.009678,29.294785],[-90.019517,29.282213],[-90.057094,29.281331],[-90.070622,29.262537],[-90.101231,29.259804],[-90.096038,29.240673],[-90.073355,29.227282],[-90.070622,29.208698],[-90.04291,29.211765],[-89.959509,29.267677],[-89.950756,29.260801],[-90.174273,29.105301],[-90.223587,29.085075],[-90.348768,29.057817],[-90.325514,29.075138],[-90.253141,29.093772],[-90.250044,29.108067],[-90.234235,29.110268],[-90.234405,29.128824],[-90.280516,29.142521],[-90.27832,29.150691],[-90.302846,29.175098],[-90.300885,29.196171],[-90.275851,29.193668],[-90.271251,29.204639],[-90.286621,29.225694],[-90.311663,29.237954],[-90.311523,29.256374],[-90.332796,29.276956],[-90.367166,29.274128],[-90.372565,29.258923],[-90.387924,29.252786],[-90.383857,29.235606],[-90.399465,29.201046],[-90.432912,29.188132],[-90.443954,29.19583],[-90.472489,29.192688],[-90.467233,29.202549],[-90.494928,29.216713],[-90.46832,29.227532],[-90.450674,29.263739],[-90.510555,29.290925],[-90.526216,29.276492],[-90.565436,29.285111],[-90.582525,29.276037],[-90.58847,29.245863],[-90.565378,29.242475],[-90.544311,29.224292],[-90.556501,29.219913],[-90.560889,29.204261],[-90.633819,29.209128],[-90.645612,29.175867],[-90.636973,29.164572],[-90.647042,29.12858],[-90.677724,29.118742],[-90.731239,29.122886],[-90.764189,29.113374],[-90.799444,29.087377],[-90.803699,29.063709],[-90.79872,29.054841],[-90.765188,29.049403],[-90.7253,29.066616],[-90.692205,29.059607],[-90.641247,29.072313],[-90.637495,29.066608],[-90.730899,29.042259],[-90.839345,29.039167],[-90.844593,29.06728],[-90.862757,29.094863],[-90.961278,29.180817],[-91.000096,29.169481],[-91.031786,29.182188],[-91.094015,29.187711],[-91.129141,29.215863],[-91.199647,29.221287],[-91.278792,29.247776],[-91.334885,29.298775],[-91.33275,29.305816],[-91.291821,29.311357],[-91.266589,29.361218],[-91.249109,29.369864],[-91.207299,29.360703],[-91.197465,29.369882],[-91.200087,29.38955],[-91.218463,29.407235],[-91.211999,29.420931],[-91.221166,29.436421],[-91.258226,29.446954],[-91.265649,29.472362],[-91.2813,29.481547],[-91.335742,29.485886],[-91.356625,29.515191],[-91.420449,29.515745],[-91.447345,29.544749],[-91.531021,29.531543],[-91.525523,29.551904],[-91.537445,29.565888],[-91.553537,29.632766],[-91.570589,29.638312],[-91.625114,29.626195],[-91.648941,29.633635],[-91.627286,29.662132],[-91.618479,29.710816],[-91.621512,29.735429],[-91.632829,29.742576],[-91.710935,29.738993],[-91.752259,29.748264],[-91.85864,29.703121],[-91.88075,29.710839],[-91.878355,29.751025],[-91.854677,29.807436],[-91.869998,29.828328],[-91.889118,29.836023],[-91.90689,29.83094],[-91.915989,29.815654],[-91.940723,29.817008],[-92.056398,29.772313],[-92.144431,29.716418],[-92.149349,29.697052],[-92.111787,29.62177],[-92.02532,29.625647],[-91.965031,29.608019],[-91.935024,29.612239],[-91.922825,29.633173],[-91.863018,29.633739],[-91.841294,29.62962],[-91.838297,29.616041],[-91.821693,29.606049],[-91.784976,29.595204],[-91.774686,29.576387],[-91.712002,29.56474],[-91.711654,29.55427],[-91.765448,29.520844],[-91.770516,29.488953],[-91.782387,29.482882],[-91.803448,29.486851],[-91.821576,29.473925],[-91.8385,29.478874],[-91.862324,29.502393],[-91.969312,29.536893],[-92.046316,29.584362],[-92.158624,29.581616],[-92.25186,29.539354],[-92.309357,29.533026],[-92.61627,29.578729],[-92.744126,29.617608],[-92.974305,29.71398],[-93.088182,29.749125],[-93.226934,29.777519],[-93.295573,29.775071],[-93.347331,29.759046],[-93.475252,29.769242],[-93.68364,29.747153],[-93.766048,29.7295],[-93.837971,29.690619],[-93.87002,29.735482],[-93.891637,29.744618],[-93.893862,29.767289],[-93.926504,29.78956],[-93.927992,29.80964],[-93.838374,29.882855],[-93.786935,29.99058],[-93.741078,30.021571],[-93.720805,30.053043],[-93.699396,30.05925],[-93.734085,30.08613],[-93.702436,30.112721],[-93.701252,30.137376],[-93.688212,30.141376],[-93.720946,30.209852],[-93.705083,30.242752],[-93.706608,30.281187],[-93.765822,30.333318],[-93.756352,30.356166],[-93.757654,30.390423],[-93.6978,30.440583],[-93.716678,30.494006],[-93.714322,30.518562],[-93.740253,30.539569],[-93.729195,30.544842],[-93.727844,30.57407],[-93.712454,30.588479],[-93.681235,30.596102],[-93.6831,30.640763],[-93.654971,30.670184],[-93.629904,30.67994],[-93.609544,30.723139],[-93.619129,30.742002],[-93.592828,30.763986],[-93.584265,30.796663],[-93.563243,30.806218],[-93.554057,30.824941],[-93.567788,30.888302],[-93.551942,30.918646],[-93.530936,30.924534],[-93.526245,30.939411],[-93.571906,30.987614],[-93.566017,31.004567],[-93.539526,31.008498],[-93.516407,31.02955],[-93.532069,31.055264],[-93.526044,31.070773],[-93.551034,31.091111],[-93.533307,31.184463],[-93.55254,31.185605],[-93.588503,31.165581],[-93.598828,31.174679],[-93.620343,31.271025],[-93.642516,31.269508],[-93.68688,31.305166],[-93.663698,31.360019],[-93.671644,31.393352],[-93.704879,31.410881],[-93.70093,31.437784],[-93.749476,31.46869],[-93.726736,31.5116],[-93.743376,31.525196],[-93.798087,31.534044],[-93.834923,31.58621],[-93.838057,31.606795],[-93.816838,31.622509],[-93.826462,31.666919],[-93.802452,31.693186],[-93.830647,31.745811],[-93.822598,31.773559],[-93.839951,31.798597],[-93.874761,31.821661],[-93.874822,31.840611],[-93.904766,31.890599],[-93.927672,31.891497],[-93.938002,31.906917],[-93.971712,31.920384],[-94.018664,31.990843],[-94.041833,31.992402],[-94.042964,33.019219],[-91.166073,33.004106],[-91.173308,32.986088],[-91.201842,32.961212],[-91.214027,32.93032],[-91.199775,32.908512],[-91.170235,32.899391],[-91.15169,32.901935],[-91.134041,32.917676],[-91.135517,32.979657],[-91.09693,32.986412],[-91.080355,32.962794],[-91.081913,32.944768],[-91.064804,32.926464],[-91.064449,32.901064],[-91.105631,32.858396],[-91.143559,32.844739],[-91.161669,32.812465],[-91.157614,32.776033],[-91.165328,32.751301],[-91.154461,32.742339],[-91.077176,32.732534],[-91.054749,32.719229],[-91.063946,32.702926],[-91.118258,32.674075],[-91.149753,32.644041],[-91.151318,32.615919],[-91.141148,32.597209],[-91.119854,32.584795],[-91.049796,32.607188],[-91.038415,32.636443],[-91.025769,32.646573],[-91.014286,32.640482],[-91.0035,32.624845],[-91.010228,32.601927],[-91.080398,32.556442],[-91.061685,32.536448],[-91.005468,32.513842],[-90.987831,32.49419],[-91.004206,32.48214],[-91.038106,32.49044],[-91.093741,32.549128],[-91.116708,32.500139],[-91.116008,32.48314],[-91.095308,32.458741],[-91.052907,32.438442],[-91.029606,32.433542],[-90.993863,32.45085],[-90.96959,32.43949],[-90.966255,32.421027],[-90.99408,32.403862],[-91.004506,32.368144],[-90.993625,32.354047],[-90.912363,32.339454],[-90.89206,32.370579],[-90.875631,32.372434],[-90.922231,32.298639],[-90.947834,32.283486],[-90.963079,32.296285],[-90.979475,32.293702],[-90.982985,32.270294],[-90.969403,32.25252],[-90.988672,32.215812],[-91.001192,32.215173],[-91.039007,32.242349],[-91.061408,32.21865],[-91.083708,32.22645],[-91.108509,32.20815],[-91.133587,32.213432],[-91.164171,32.196888],[-91.174552,32.154978],[-91.162822,32.132694],[-91.111294,32.125036],[-91.08163,32.133992],[-91.053175,32.124237],[-91.048507,32.150152],[-91.058907,32.171251],[-91.050207,32.178451],[-91.00619,32.156957],[-91.004106,32.146152],[-91.017606,32.125153],[-91.030799,32.120566],[-91.034707,32.101053],[-91.080008,32.079154],[-91.082308,32.047555],[-91.103708,32.050255],[-91.139309,32.081754],[-91.16031,32.070354],[-91.15141,32.049255],[-91.088108,32.034455],[-91.075908,32.016828],[-91.104108,31.990357],[-91.16441,31.982557],[-91.18481,31.965557],[-91.19321,31.935658],[-91.18471,31.935058],[-91.18321,31.916159],[-91.234899,31.876863],[-91.266512,31.86426],[-91.266612,31.851161],[-91.245624,31.833165],[-91.255611,31.812662],[-91.282212,31.814762],[-91.293413,31.86016],[-91.333814,31.853261],[-91.345714,31.842861],[-91.365529,31.761628],[-91.286045,31.772062],[-91.263043,31.766995],[-91.263406,31.754468],[-91.275545,31.745515],[-91.338663,31.750005],[-91.371804,31.742948],[-91.397115,31.711364],[-91.401015,31.620365],[-91.436716,31.612665],[-91.474318,31.625365],[-91.497665,31.645371],[-91.515462,31.630372],[-91.517233,31.61346],[-91.488618,31.587466],[-91.422716,31.597065],[-91.403915,31.589766],[-91.405415,31.576466],[-91.443916,31.542466],[-91.479718,31.530366],[-91.513963,31.532084],[-91.52292,31.519841],[-91.514917,31.510113],[-91.513366,31.444396],[-91.472065,31.395925],[-91.47887,31.364955],[-91.504163,31.36495],[-91.521836,31.37517],[-91.545013,31.433026],[-91.576265,31.410498],[-91.568953,31.377629],[-91.55568,31.386413],[-91.546207,31.38248],[-91.548967,31.347255],[-91.507977,31.312943],[-91.515614,31.27821],[-91.564192,31.261633],[-91.637672,31.26768],[-91.654027,31.255753],[-91.644356,31.234414],[-91.601616,31.208573],[-91.589451,31.19114],[-91.591502,31.173118],[-91.624217,31.133729],[-91.626476,31.119125],[-91.56415,31.06683],[-91.559907,31.054119],[-91.578413,31.02403],[-91.636942,30.999416],[-89.729616,31.003927],[-89.736086,30.974446],[-89.727072,30.967395],[-89.756333,30.943498],[-89.744789,30.918933],[-89.764202,30.911906],[-89.758719,30.897319],[-89.773099,30.898338],[-89.770027,30.882254],[-89.779194,30.875185],[-89.767955,30.863858],[-89.771722,30.854677],[-89.784073,30.85527],[-89.780228,30.846235],[-89.790121,30.837983],[-89.781168,30.820123],[-89.800049,30.819078],[-89.811171,30.798921],[-89.805107,30.790596],[-89.819164,30.795229],[-89.831537,30.76761],[-89.826053,30.742322],[-89.816764,30.740076],[-89.83687,30.734661],[-89.828061,30.725018],[-89.845801,30.707314],[-89.835848,30.699555],[-89.847201,30.670038],[-89.838868,30.673731],[-89.852263,30.662934],[-89.821868,30.644024],[-89.823278,30.60823],[-89.81392,30.607721],[-89.819696,30.596785],[-89.807118,30.587337],[-89.808184,30.568795],[-89.790318,30.567524],[-89.803887,30.560581],[-89.793818,30.545935],[-89.780246,30.544607],[-89.768133,30.51502],[-89.726154,30.49256],[-89.68341,30.451793],[-89.683686,30.405873],[-89.657191,30.356515],[-89.629727,30.339287],[-89.626606,30.315457],[-89.639872,30.307281],[-89.64344,30.287682],[-89.631411,30.279662],[-89.631789,30.256924],[-89.614156,30.244595],[-89.615856,30.223195],[-89.574454,30.181697],[-89.538652,30.195797],[-89.524504,30.180753],[-89.587062,30.150648],[-89.617542,30.156422],[-89.640989,30.138612],[-89.678156,30.10829],[-89.683712,30.076018],[-89.727453,30.062661],[-89.731428,30.051377],[-89.7163,30.02811],[-89.724649,30.022454],[-89.763216,30.042108],[-89.818561,30.043328],[-89.857558,30.004439],[-89.844202,29.955645],[-89.829023,29.939228],[-89.804463,29.932588],[-89.727933,29.95878],[-89.71291,29.946349],[-89.742727,29.935894],[-89.742479,29.90817],[-89.711158,29.879287],[-89.660568,29.862909],[-89.613159,29.87216],[-89.591194,29.897018],[-89.592346,29.917253],[-89.574997,29.959455],[-89.58136,29.994722],[-89.501587,30.034037],[-89.494064,30.040972],[-89.493484,30.072191],[-89.481926,30.079128],[-89.418465,30.049747],[-89.372375,30.054729],[-89.372375,30.036671],[-89.422813,30.015495],[-89.432785,30.008022],[-89.433411,29.991205],[-89.432785,29.978752],[-89.379227,29.963804],[-89.378601,29.919588],[-89.368019,29.911491],[-89.315453,29.923208],[-89.273315,29.99382],[-89.250534,30.002361],[-89.243706,29.997236],[-89.249969,29.975597],[-89.218071,29.97275],[-89.231178,29.925484],[-89.280144,29.924915],[-89.322289,29.887333],[-89.289253,29.880499],[-89.241425,29.88961],[-89.236298,29.877081],[-89.269897,29.859997],[-89.383789,29.838928],[-89.372971,29.82526],[-89.345634,29.820135],[-89.342781,29.798496],[-89.33197,29.790524],[-89.277298,29.807608],[-89.284706,29.770021],[-89.271034,29.756355],[-89.305199,29.756926],[-89.337662,29.779135],[-89.367271,29.775148],[-89.386063,29.788815],[-89.428207,29.74155],[-89.42421,29.697638],[-89.530258,29.74375],[-89.560181,29.735472],[-89.572922,29.746616],[-89.651237,29.749479],[-89.644562,29.710957],[-89.592979,29.702042],[-89.596802,29.684212],[-89.573883,29.674025],[-89.53376,29.670204],[-89.486709,29.621003]]],[[[-79.290754,33.110051],[-79.329909,33.089986],[-79.359961,33.006672],[-79.403712,33.003903],[-79.423447,33.015085],[-79.483499,33.001265],[-79.506923,33.032813],[-79.522449,33.03535],[-79.580725,33.006447],[-79.617715,32.94487],[-79.606194,32.925953],[-79.572614,32.933885],[-79.576006,32.906235],[-79.631149,32.888606],[-79.695141,32.850398],[-79.719879,32.825796],[-79.716761,32.813627],[-79.726389,32.805996],[-79.811021,32.77696],[-79.84035,32.756816],[-79.866742,32.757422],[-79.884961,32.684402],[-79.975248,32.639537],[-79.999374,32.611851],[-80.121368,32.590523],[-80.148406,32.578479],[-80.171764,32.546118],[-80.20523,32.555547],[-80.332438,32.478104],[-80.363956,32.496098],[-80.413487,32.470672],[-80.423454,32.497989],[-80.439407,32.503472],[-80.472068,32.496964],[-80.484617,32.460976],[-80.480156,32.447048],[-80.467588,32.425259],[-80.446075,32.423721],[-80.429941,32.401782],[-80.455192,32.326458],[-80.545688,32.282076],[-80.596394,32.273549],[-80.658634,32.248638],[-80.669166,32.216783],[-80.721463,32.160427],[-80.812503,32.109746],[-80.831531,32.112709],[-80.858735,32.099581],[-80.905378,32.051943],[-80.885517,32.0346],[-80.922794,32.039151],[-81.002297,32.100048],[-81.032674,32.08545],[-81.060442,32.087503],[-81.091498,32.110782],[-81.117234,32.117605],[-81.122034,32.161803],[-81.129402,32.166922],[-81.118234,32.189201],[-81.156587,32.24391],[-81.119633,32.287596],[-81.122333,32.305395],[-81.137633,32.328194],[-81.133632,32.341293],[-81.170126,32.361318],[-81.181072,32.380398],[-81.177231,32.39169],[-81.20513,32.423788],[-81.20843,32.435987],[-81.188129,32.465386],[-81.233585,32.498488],[-81.23466,32.51627],[-81.277131,32.535417],[-81.281298,32.55644],[-81.328753,32.561228],[-81.366964,32.577059],[-81.368982,32.590025],[-81.389261,32.595383],[-81.41866,32.629392],[-81.393033,32.651543],[-81.407193,32.660519],[-81.401029,32.677494],[-81.40831,32.694908],[-81.426735,32.700867],[-81.410281,32.744653],[-81.429017,32.785505],[-81.417984,32.818196],[-81.426475,32.840773],[-81.452573,32.84795],[-81.452883,32.872964],[-81.479445,32.881082],[-81.465924,32.899889],[-81.502427,32.935353],[-81.508536,32.957156],[-81.49983,32.963816],[-81.491419,33.008078],[-81.511245,33.027786],[-81.599248,33.071813],[-81.600211,33.083966],[-81.609837,33.082161],[-81.614298,33.094661],[-81.646433,33.094552],[-81.743835,33.14145],[-81.772435,33.180449],[-81.756935,33.197848],[-81.767635,33.215747],[-81.778435,33.221847],[-81.784535,33.208147],[-81.805236,33.211447],[-81.809636,33.222647],[-81.851979,33.247382],[-81.838257,33.272975],[-81.863236,33.288844],[-81.847296,33.306783],[-81.884137,33.310443],[-81.900301,33.331117],[-81.909285,33.324181],[-81.917973,33.34159],[-81.939737,33.344941],[-81.934837,33.356041],[-81.946337,33.37064],[-81.924837,33.37414],[-81.936961,33.404197],[-81.920121,33.410753],[-81.926789,33.426576],[-81.913356,33.437418],[-81.926336,33.462937],[-81.985938,33.486536],[-82.001338,33.520135],[-82.046335,33.56383],[-82.10624,33.595637],[-82.142872,33.594278],[-82.186154,33.62088],[-82.196583,33.630582],[-82.200718,33.66464],[-82.234576,33.700216],[-82.247472,33.752591],[-82.298286,33.783518],[-82.29928,33.798939],[-82.32448,33.820033],[-82.403881,33.865477],[-82.422803,33.863754],[-82.455105,33.88165],[-82.524515,33.94336],[-82.556835,33.945353],[-82.579576,33.979761],[-82.575351,33.990904],[-82.589245,34.000118],[-82.594555,34.028717],[-82.64398,34.072237],[-82.641553,34.092212],[-82.67732,34.131657],[-82.717507,34.150504],[-82.74238,34.213766],[-82.746656,34.266407],[-82.780308,34.296701],[-82.794054,34.339772],[-82.833702,34.364242],[-82.860707,34.457428],[-82.875463,34.463503],[-82.876864,34.475303],[-82.902665,34.485902],[-82.940867,34.486102],[-83.002924,34.472132],[-83.043771,34.488816],[-83.054463,34.50289],[-83.069451,34.502131],[-83.087189,34.515939],[-83.077995,34.523746],[-83.084855,34.530967],[-83.102179,34.532179],[-83.154577,34.588198],[-83.170278,34.592398],[-83.169994,34.605444],[-83.23178,34.611297],[-83.255281,34.637696],[-83.33869,34.682002],[-83.353238,34.728648],[-83.320062,34.759616],[-83.323866,34.789712],[-83.301182,34.804008],[-83.29112,34.822508],[-83.268159,34.821393],[-83.267656,34.845289],[-83.255718,34.845592],[-83.239081,34.875661],[-83.205627,34.880142],[-83.203351,34.893717],[-83.122585,34.938062],[-83.127035,34.953778],[-83.106991,34.98272],[-83.108535,35.000771],[-82.787867,35.085024],[-82.776357,35.081349],[-82.777376,35.064143],[-82.757704,35.068019],[-82.72701,35.094142],[-82.694898,35.098456],[-82.683625,35.125833],[-82.662381,35.118123],[-82.578316,35.142104],[-82.550508,35.159498],[-82.529973,35.155617],[-82.460092,35.178143],[-82.451201,35.16526],[-82.439595,35.165863],[-82.419744,35.198613],[-82.39293,35.215402],[-82.36899,35.181747],[-82.361469,35.190831],[-82.32335,35.184789],[-82.27492,35.200071],[-81.043625,35.149877],[-81.051204,35.133237],[-81.032471,35.110033],[-81.052078,35.096276],[-81.058029,35.07319],[-81.041489,35.044703],[-80.93495,35.107409],[-80.782042,34.935782],[-80.797543,34.819786],[-79.675299,34.804744],[-78.541087,33.851112],[-78.584841,33.844282],[-78.714116,33.800138],[-78.812931,33.743472],[-78.938076,33.639826],[-79.028516,33.533365],[-79.084588,33.483669],[-79.135441,33.403867],[-79.180318,33.254141],[-79.172394,33.206577],[-79.18787,33.173712],[-79.24609,33.124865],[-79.290754,33.110051]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Louisiana\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"90","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeland, Bobby D.","contributorId":103506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeland","given":"Bobby","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":771503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conner, William","contributorId":68624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conner","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":771504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sharitz, Rebecca R.","contributorId":44598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharitz","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":771505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":6837,"text":"fs03897 - 1997 - Methods to identify areas susceptible to irrigation-induced selenium contamination in the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-05T10:39:31","indexId":"fs03897","displayToPublicDate":"1997-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"038-97","title":"Methods to identify areas susceptible to irrigation-induced selenium contamination in the western United States","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs03897","usgsCitation":"Seiler, R.L., 1997, Methods to identify areas susceptible to irrigation-induced selenium contamination in the western United States: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 038-97, HTML, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs03897.","productDescription":"HTML","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":858,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/FS/FS-038-97","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":117917,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_038_97.bmp"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.98046874999999,\n              29.99300228455108\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.150390625,\n              29.99300228455108\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.150390625,\n              49.095452162534826\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.98046874999999,\n              49.095452162534826\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.98046874999999,\n              29.99300228455108\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a55e4b07f02db62cd9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seiler, Ralph L.","contributorId":13609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seiler","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":3007,"text":"wsp2485 - 1997 - Nutrient and trace-element enrichment of Coeur d'Alene Lake, Idaho","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":24909,"text":"ofr95740 - 1996 - Nutrient and trace-element enrichment of Coeur d'Alene Lake, Idaho","indexId":"ofr95740","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"title":"Nutrient and trace-element enrichment of Coeur d'Alene Lake, Idaho"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":3007,"text":"wsp2485 - 1997 - Nutrient and trace-element enrichment of Coeur d'Alene Lake, Idaho","indexId":"wsp2485","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"Nutrient and trace-element enrichment of Coeur d'Alene Lake, Idaho"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:37","indexId":"wsp2485","displayToPublicDate":"1997-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2485","title":"Nutrient and trace-element enrichment of Coeur d'Alene Lake, Idaho","docAbstract":"The limnological characteristics and geochemistry of lakebed sediments in Coeur d'Alene Lake were assessed during 1991-92 because of the possible interaction of nutrient enrichment with the highly enriched trace-element concentrations stored in the lakebed. The scope included characterization of physical, chemical, and biological variables; quantification of hydrologic, nutrient, and trace-element budgets; development of an empirical nutrient load/lake response model; and characterization of trace elements in surficial and subsurface lakebed sediments.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nFor sale by Information Services,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2485","usgsCitation":"Woods, P.F., and Beckwith, M.A., 1997, Nutrient and trace-element enrichment of Coeur d'Alene Lake, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2485, vii, 93 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2485.","productDescription":"vii, 93 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139415,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2485/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29801,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2485/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db69678b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woods, Paul F.","contributorId":82273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woods","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beckwith, Michael A.","contributorId":66670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beckwith","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":22038,"text":"ofr97219 - 1997 - Preliminary hydrogeologic assessment of a ground-water contamination area in Wolcott, Connecticut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:50","indexId":"ofr97219","displayToPublicDate":"1997-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-219","title":"Preliminary hydrogeologic assessment of a ground-water contamination area in Wolcott, Connecticut","docAbstract":"Contamination of ground water by volatile organic compounds and inorganic constituents has been identified at a number of industrial  sites in the Town of Wolcott, Connecticut. Contamination is also present  at a municipal landfill in the City of Waterbury that is upgradient from  the industrial sites in the local ground-water-flow system. The study area, which lies in the Western Highlands of Connecticut,  is in the Mad River Valley, a tributary to the Naugatuck River. Geohydrologic units (aquifer materials) include unconsolidated glacial  sediments (surficial materials) and fractured crystalline (metamorphic)  bedrock. Surficial materials include glacial till, coarse-grained andfine-grained glacial stratified deposits, and postglacial floodplain  alluvium and swamp deposits. The ground-water-flow system in the surficial aquifer is complex because the hydraulic properties of the  surficial materials are highly variable. In the bedrock aquifer, ground  water moves exclusively through fractures. Hydrologic characteristics of  the crystalline bedrock-degree of confinement, hydraulic conductivity,  storativity, and porosity-are poorly defined in the study area. Further  study is needed to adequately assess ground-water flow and contaminant migration under current or past hydrologic conditions.  All known water-supply wells in the study area obtain water from the  bedrock aquifer. Twenty households in a hillside residential area on  Tosun Road currently obtain drinking water from private wells tapping  the bedrock aquifer. The extent of contamination in the bedrock aquifer  and the potential for future contamination from known sources of  contamination in the surficial aquifer is of concern to regulatory  agencies.  Previous investigations have identified ground-water contamination by  volatile organic compounds at the Nutmeg Valley Road site area. Contamination has been associated with on-site disposal of heavy metals,  chlorinated and non-chlorinated volatile organic compounds, and cyanide.  Concentrations of volatile organic compounds detected in water samples  collected from bedrock wells during 1981-95 at the Nutmeg Valley Road  site area show a general downward trend through time. Water samples  collected from wells completed in surficial materials were not collected  systematically, and a trend in concentration cannot be identified.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr97219","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Stone, J.R., Casey, G.D., Mondazzi, R., and Frick, T., 1997, Preliminary hydrogeologic assessment of a ground-water contamination area in Wolcott, Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-219, iv, 29 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97219.","productDescription":"iv, 29 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":258612,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0219/report.pdf","size":"6509","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":258613,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0219/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":258604,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0219/plate-1.pdf","size":"1117","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":258605,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0219/plate-2.pdf","size":"5627","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":258606,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0219/plate-3.pdf","size":"1002","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":258607,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0219/plate-4.pdf","size":"1195","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":258608,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0219/plate-5.pdf","size":"1388","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":258609,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0219/plate-6.pdf","size":"909","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":258610,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0219/plate-7.pdf","size":"1047","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":258611,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0219/plate-8.pdf","size":"5021","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db697396","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stone, J. R.","contributorId":87964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Casey, G. D.","contributorId":49819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casey","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mondazzi, R.A.","contributorId":75563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mondazzi","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Frick, T.W.","contributorId":90329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frick","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
]}