The U.S. Geological Survey conducted hydrologic investigations in San Francisco Bay between October 1991 and November 1993. Dissolved inorganic plant nutrients, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, silica, and reactive phosphorus were measured in surface and in near-bottom waters at previously established locations in both northern and southern reaches of the bay. Salinity, turbidigy, and concentrations of suspended particulate matter also were measured. Additionally, concentratons of dissolved organic nitrogen and phosphorus were occasionally measured. This report presents the sampling and analytical methods, and the data for these studies. Data on the variability due to sampling and sample handling procedures, on the precision of the analytical methods, and on recoveries of known additions from samples are also presented.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Menlo Park, CA","doi":"10.3133/ofr94471","usgsCitation":"Hager, S.W., 1994, Dissolved nutrient and suspended particulate matter data for the San Francisco Bay estuary, California, October 1991 through November 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-471, v, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94471.","productDescription":"v, 53 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":152615,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0471/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48657,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0471/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.52914428710938,\n 37.408346344484976\n ],\n [\n -122.52914428710938,\n 38.146437584588824\n ],\n [\n -121.71478271484375,\n 38.146437584588824\n ],\n [\n -121.71478271484375,\n 37.408346344484976\n ],\n [\n -122.52914428710938,\n 37.408346344484976\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a261","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hager, Stephen W.","contributorId":48935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hager","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26103,"text":"wri934219 - 1994 - Physical characteristics and quality of water from selected springs and wells in the Lincoln Point-Bird Island area, Utah Lake, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:31","indexId":"wri934219","displayToPublicDate":"1995-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4219","title":"Physical characteristics and quality of water from selected springs and wells in the Lincoln Point-Bird Island area, Utah Lake, Utah","docAbstract":"From February 1991 to October 1992, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Central Utah Water Conservancy District, investigated the hydrology of the Lincoln Point - Bird Island area in the southeast part of Utah Lake, Utah. The investigation included measurements of the discharge of selected springs and measurements of the physical and chemical characteristics of water from selected springs and wells in the LincolnPoint - Bird Island area. This report contains data for twenty-one distinct springs in the study area including two springs beneath the surface of Utah Lake at Bird Island. Data from this study, combined with data from previous studies, indicate that the location of springs in the Lincoln Point - Bird Island area probably is controlled by fractures that are the result of faulting. Measured discharge of springs in the Lincoln Point - Bird Island area ranged from less than 0.01 cubic foot per second to 0.84 cubic foot per second. Total discharge in the study area, including known unmeasured springs and seeps, is estimated to be about 5 cubic feet per second. Reported and measured temperatures of water from springs and wells in the Lincoln Point - Bird Island area ranged from 16.0 degrees Celsius to 36.5 degrees Celsius. Dissolved-solids con-centrations ranged from 444 milligrams per liter to 7,932 milligrams per liter, and pH ranged from 6.3 to 8.1. Physical and chemical characteristics of spring and well water from the west side of Lincoln Point were virtually identical to the physical and chemical characteristics of water from the submerged Bird Island springs, indicating a similar source for the water. Water chemistry, isotope analyses, and geothermometer calculations indicate deep circulation of water discharging from the springs and indicate that the source of recharge for the springs at Lincoln Point and Bird Island does not appear to be localized in the LincolnPoint - Bird Island area.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri934219","usgsCitation":"Baskin, R.L., Spangler, L., and Holmes, W., 1994, Physical characteristics and quality of water from selected springs and wells in the Lincoln Point-Bird Island area, Utah Lake, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4219, vi, 54 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934219.","productDescription":"vi, 54 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123936,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4219/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54892,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4219/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54893,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4219/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54894,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4219/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685b8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baskin, R. L.","contributorId":14460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baskin","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spangler, L.E.","contributorId":54230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spangler","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holmes, W. F.","contributorId":7277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"W. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":31827,"text":"ofr94634 - 1994 - Geologic map of the Moriah Knoll Quadrangle, northern Mohave County, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:04","indexId":"ofr94634","displayToPublicDate":"1995-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-634","title":"Geologic map of the Moriah Knoll Quadrangle, northern Mohave County, Arizona","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr94634","usgsCitation":"Billingsley, G.H., 1994, Geologic map of the Moriah Knoll Quadrangle, northern Mohave County, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-634, 16 p., 1 over-size sheet, scale 1:24,000 (1 inch = 2,000 feet) , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94634.","productDescription":"16 p., 1 over-size sheet, scale 1:24,000 (1 inch = 2,000 feet) ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":108242,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12566.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"12566"},{"id":160198,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0634/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":60023,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0634/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db6967b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Billingsley, G. H.","contributorId":101265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Billingsley","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":20651,"text":"ofr92635 - 1994 - Evaluation of methods for delineating areas that contribute water to wells completed in valley-fill aquifers in Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-19T11:30:57","indexId":"ofr92635","displayToPublicDate":"1995-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-635","title":"Evaluation of methods for delineating areas that contribute water to wells completed in valley-fill aquifers in Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Valley-fill aquifers in Pennsylvania are the source of drinking water for many wells in the glaciated parts of the State and along major river valleys. These aquifers area subject to contamination because of their shallow water-table depth and highly transmissive sediments. The possibility for contamination of water-supply wells in valley-fill aquifers can be minimized by excluding activities that could contaminate areas that contribute water to supply wells. \r\n\r\n An area that contributes water to a well is identified in this report as either an area of diversion, time-of-travel area, or contributing area. The area of diversion is a projection to land surface of the valley-fill aquifer volume through which water is diverted to a well and the time-of travel area is that fraction of the area of diversion through which water moves to the well in a specified time. The contributing area, the largest of three areas, includes the area of diversion but also incorporates bedrock uplands and other area that contribute water. \r\n\r\n Methods for delineating areas of diversion and contributing areas in valley-fill aquifers, described and compared in order of increasing complexity, include fixed radius, uniform flow, analytical, semianalytical, and numerical modeling. Delineated areas are considered approximations because the hydraulic properties and boundary conditions of the real ground-water system are simplified even in the most complex numerical methods. \r\n\r\n Successful application of any of these methods depends on the investigator's understanding of the hydrologic system in and near the well field, and the limitations of the method. The hydrologic system includes not only the valley-fill aquifer but also the regional surface-water and ground-water flow systems within which the valley is situated. As shown by numerical flow simulations of a well field in the valley-fill aquifer along Marsh Creek Valley near Asaph, Pa., water from upland bedrock sources can provide nearly all the water contributed to the well.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr92635","usgsCitation":"Risser, D.W., and Madden, T.M., 1994, Evaluation of methods for delineating areas that contribute water to wells completed in valley-fill aquifers in Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-635, 82 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92635.","productDescription":"82 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":50178,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0635/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":152405,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0635/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e4e4b07f02db5e60fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Risser, Dennis W. 0000-0001-9597-5406 dwrisser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9597-5406","contributorId":898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risser","given":"Dennis","email":"dwrisser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":183002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Madden, Thomas M.","contributorId":18403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madden","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":17303,"text":"ofr94593 - 1994 - Lithologic description of a sediment core from Butte Valley, Siskiyou County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:28","indexId":"ofr94593","displayToPublicDate":"1995-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-593","title":"Lithologic description of a sediment core from Butte Valley, Siskiyou County, California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr94593","usgsCitation":"Adam, D.P., Rieck, H.J., McGann, M., Schiller, K., Sarna-Wojcicki, A., and Roberts, A., 1994, Lithologic description of a sediment core from Butte Valley, Siskiyou County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-593, 84 p. :chiefly ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94593.","productDescription":"84 p. :chiefly ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151751,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0593/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":46438,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0593/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc3ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adam, David P.","contributorId":36132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adam","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rieck, Hugh J.","contributorId":44560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rieck","given":"Hugh","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGann, M.L.","contributorId":57876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGann","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schiller, K.H.","contributorId":77549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schiller","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sarna-Wojcicki, A.M. 0000-0002-0244-9149","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0244-9149","contributorId":104022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sarna-Wojcicki","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Roberts, A.P.","contributorId":28262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":17654,"text":"ofr94315 - 1994 - Sediment-quality assessment of Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake and the upstream reach of the Columbia River, Washington, 1992","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":17654,"text":"ofr94315 - 1994 - Sediment-quality assessment of Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake and the upstream reach of the Columbia River, Washington, 1992","indexId":"ofr94315","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"title":"Sediment-quality assessment of Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake and the upstream reach of the Columbia River, Washington, 1992"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":230,"text":"wsp2496 - 2001 - Sediment-quality assessment of Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake and the upstream reach of the Columbia River, Washington, 1992","indexId":"wsp2496","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"title":"Sediment-quality assessment of Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake and the upstream reach of the Columbia River, Washington, 1992"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":230,"text":"wsp2496 - 2001 - Sediment-quality assessment of Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake and the upstream reach of the Columbia River, Washington, 1992","indexId":"wsp2496","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"title":"Sediment-quality assessment of Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake and the upstream reach of the Columbia River, Washington, 1992"},"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-26T20:56:13.819768","indexId":"ofr94315","displayToPublicDate":"1995-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-315","title":"Sediment-quality assessment of Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake and the upstream reach of the Columbia River, Washington, 1992","docAbstract":"The occurrence and distribution of trace elements and of wood-pulp-related compounds in the sediments of Lake Roosevelt and the upstream reach sampler of the Columbia River were studied in 1992. In addition, an analysis of benthic invertebrate community structure and tests of sediment toxicity were conducted. Concentrations of trace elements were elevated, relative to background reference sites, in samples of bed sediment. Copper, lead, and zinc most often exceeded the sediment-quality guidelines for benthic organisms. In whole-water samples, trace-element concentrations did not exceed criteria for freshwater organisms. These concentrations were relatively small, reflecting the small suspended-sediment concentrations and the large water-diluting capacity of the Columbia River. Elevated concentrations of trace elements in sediments are attributable to the transport of metallurgical waste from a smelter discharging to the Columbia River in Canada. Dioxins and furans were found in Columbia River water, but only a few isomers were detected. A furan isomer common in effluent from pulp and paper mills was found in suspended sediment. Dioxins and furans in the water phase were isolated using solid-phase extraction to concentrate these compounds from large volumes of water. Few of the many other organic compounds associated with wood-pulp waste were detected in the bed sediments of Lake Roosevelt. Benthic invertebrate communities in the Columbia River showed effects from trace elements in bed sediments or from loss of physical habitat. Lethal and sublethal effects were observed in toxicity tests of selected aquatic organisms exposed to bed sediments from the Columbia River near the international boundary.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr94315","usgsCitation":"Bortleson, G.C., Cox, S., Munn, M., Schumaker, R., Block, E.K., Bucy, L., and Cornelius, R., 1994, Sediment-quality assessment of Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake and the upstream reach of the Columbia River, Washington, 1992 (Rev. ed.): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-315, Report: viii, 130 p.; 1 Plate: 26.48 x 40.66 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94315.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 130 p.; 1 Plate: 26.48 x 40.66 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":382640,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0315/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":151187,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0315/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":382639,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0315/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.24584960937499,\n 48.25851283439989\n ],\n [\n -118.10577392578124,\n 48.25851283439989\n ],\n [\n -118.10577392578124,\n 48.39729713260604\n ],\n [\n -118.24584960937499,\n 48.39729713260604\n ],\n [\n -118.24584960937499,\n 48.25851283439989\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Rev. ed.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67ac8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bortleson, Gilbert Carl","contributorId":7253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bortleson","given":"Gilbert","email":"","middleInitial":"Carl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cox, S.E.","contributorId":66663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Munn, M.D.","contributorId":77908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munn","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schumaker, R.J.","contributorId":82283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schumaker","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Block, E. K.","contributorId":32134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Block","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bucy, L.R.","contributorId":79126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bucy","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cornelius, R.J.","contributorId":77177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cornelius","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":16759,"text":"ofr94624B - 1994 - A selected bibliography of alkaline igneous rocks and related mineral deposits, with an emphasis on western North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:02","indexId":"ofr94624B","displayToPublicDate":"1995-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-624","chapter":"B","title":"A selected bibliography of alkaline igneous rocks and related mineral deposits, with an emphasis on western North America","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr94624B","usgsCitation":"Mutschler, F.E., Johnson, D.C., and Mooney, T.C., 1994, A selected bibliography of alkaline igneous rocks and related mineral deposits, with an emphasis on western North America: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-624, 1 computer disk ;3 1/2 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94624B.","productDescription":"1 computer disk ;3 1/2 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":147648,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a6578","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mutschler, Felix E.","contributorId":79893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mutschler","given":"Felix","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, D. Chad","contributorId":15635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Chad","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mooney, Thomas C.","contributorId":18010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":16741,"text":"ofr94670 - 1994 - Abstracts of the U.S. Geological Survey, central region, 1994 poster review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:02","indexId":"ofr94670","displayToPublicDate":"1995-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-670","title":"Abstracts of the U.S. Geological Survey, central region, 1994 poster review","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr94670","usgsCitation":"Barker, C., and Coury, A.B., 1994, Abstracts of the U.S. Geological Survey, central region, 1994 poster review: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-670, iii, 29 p. :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94670.","productDescription":"iii, 29 p. :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":147623,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0670/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":45806,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0670/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b13e4b07f02db6a38d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barker, Charles E.","contributorId":93070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barker","given":"Charles E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coury, Anny B.","contributorId":91470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coury","given":"Anny","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":20026,"text":"ofr94367 - 1994 - Assessment of the hydrologic interaction between Imikpuk Lake and the adjacent airstrip site near Barrow, Alaska, 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:45","indexId":"ofr94367","displayToPublicDate":"1995-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-367","title":"Assessment of the hydrologic interaction between Imikpuk Lake and the adjacent airstrip site near Barrow, Alaska, 1993","docAbstract":"Imikpuk Lake serves as the drinking water source for the Ukpeagvik Inupiat Corporation-National Arctic Research Laboratory (UIC-NARL), formerly known as the Naval Arctic Research Laboratory, near Barrow, Alaska. During the 1970's and 1980's, accidental releases of more than 1,300 cubic meters of various types of fuel occurred at the airstrip site adjacent to the lake. To aid an assessment of the potential risk 10 the quality of water in the lake posed by fuel remaining in the subsurface, the hydrologic interaction between the lake and ground water at the airstrip site was examined. The study area lies within the region of continuous permafrost where hydrologic processes are largely controlled by the short annual thaw season and the presence of near-surface permafrost. Runoff occurs for only a short period each year, typically from early or mid-June to late September, and a shallow ground- water system develops during approximately the same period as a result of shallow thawing of the subsurface. During the spring and summer of 1993, snowpack and surface-water data were collected throughout the Imikpuk Lake basin, and subsurface- flow-system data were collected at the airstrip site. The total annual inflow to the lake was estimated 10 be approximately 300,000 cubic meters per year, based on four methods of estimation. The ground-water flow system at the airstrip site is complex, primarily because of variations in local land-surface topography. Subsurface frost-elevation data indicate that a permafrost ridge exists beneath one of the elevated building pads at the site. Similar ridges beneath elevated roadways at the site may act as impediments to ground-water flow, reducing the flux of subsurface water to Imikpuk Lake. However, on the basis of the assumption that such impediments do not reduce flux substantially, the ground-water flux from the airstrip site was estimated to be approximately 173 cubic meters per year--less than 0.1 percent of the estimated annual inflow to Imikpuk Lake.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr94367","usgsCitation":"McCarthy, K.A., Solin, G.L., and Trabant, D., 1994, Assessment of the hydrologic interaction between Imikpuk Lake and the adjacent airstrip site near Barrow, Alaska, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-367, iv, 27 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94367.","productDescription":"iv, 27 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153135,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0367/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49555,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0367/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db671ce7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCarthy, Kathleen A. mccarthy@usgs.gov","contributorId":1159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarthy","given":"Kathleen","email":"mccarthy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":181925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Solin, Gary L. glsolin@usgs.gov","contributorId":5675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solin","given":"Gary","email":"glsolin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":181926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trabant, Dennis","contributorId":99990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trabant","given":"Dennis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":31819,"text":"ofr94600B - 1994 - Preliminary determination of epicenters; monthly listing April-June 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:03","indexId":"ofr94600B","displayToPublicDate":"1995-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-600","chapter":"B","title":"Preliminary determination of epicenters; monthly listing April-June 1994","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr94600B","usgsCitation":"National Earthquake Information Center, 1994, Preliminary determination of epicenters; monthly listing April-June 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-600, 112 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94600B.","productDescription":"112 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160191,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0600b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":60018,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0600b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699e71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"National Earthquake Information Center","contributorId":128066,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"National Earthquake Information Center","id":529299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":31828,"text":"ofr94656 - 1994 - Preliminary geologic map of the Mount Jesus Quadrangle and parts of the Mount Jesus NW, Lexington, and Turkey Creek quadrangles, Clark County, Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:04","indexId":"ofr94656","displayToPublicDate":"1995-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-656","title":"Preliminary geologic map of the Mount Jesus Quadrangle and parts of the Mount Jesus NW, Lexington, and Turkey Creek quadrangles, Clark County, Kansas","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr94656","usgsCitation":"Green, M.W., and Fairer, G., 1994, Preliminary geologic map of the Mount Jesus Quadrangle and parts of the Mount Jesus NW, Lexington, and Turkey Creek quadrangles, Clark County, Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-656, 8 p., 1 over-size sheet, scale 1:24,000 (1 inch = 2,000 feet). , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94656.","productDescription":"8 p., 1 over-size sheet, scale 1:24,000 (1 inch = 2,000 feet). ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":108247,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12575.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"12575"},{"id":160199,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0656/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":60024,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0656/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db69850a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Green, M. W.","contributorId":26686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fairer, G. M.","contributorId":99532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairer","given":"G. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":6674,"text":"fs04794 - 1994 - National Water-Quality Assessment Program; the Mississippi Embayment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:46","indexId":"fs04794","displayToPublicDate":"1995-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"047-94","title":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program; the Mississippi Embayment","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/fs04794","usgsCitation":"Mallory, M.J., 1994, National Water-Quality Assessment Program; the Mississippi Embayment: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 047-94, 1 sheet ([2] p.) : map ; 28 cm. map ;, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs04794.","productDescription":"1 sheet ([2] p.) : map ; 28 cm. map ;","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118435,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_047_94.jpg"},{"id":739,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ms.water.usgs.gov/nawqa/pubs/fs/fs_NAWQA_MISE.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b1674","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mallory, Michael J.","contributorId":59408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mallory","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26296,"text":"wri944073 - 1994 - Scour assessment at bridges from Flag Point to Million Dollar Bridge, Copper River Highway, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:17","indexId":"wri944073","displayToPublicDate":"1995-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4073","title":"Scour assessment at bridges from Flag Point to Million Dollar Bridge, Copper River Highway, Alaska","docAbstract":"Twelve bridges are located along the Copper River Highway from Flag Point (Mile 27) to lhe Million Dollar Bridge (Mile 48). These bridges cross all or parts of the Copper River. Channel scour at these bridges was assessed by collecting and analyzing discharge and sediment data, analyzing aerial photography for eight different years, surveying and comparing cross sections, and utilizing scour equations. Between 1968 and 1992, scour occurring at Bridge 331 has formed two distinct channels at the bridge. The channel at Bridge 1187 has remained relatively unchanged between 1968 and 1992. During this same time period, the channel at Bridge 332 appears to have gradually filled. However, during the 1992 runoff season, the channel at this bridge scoured significantly, probably because of its unstable nature. The most significant scour has occurred at Bridge 342. A high-water period in 1981 probably shifted much of the flow of the Copper River through this bridge. As a result, severe contraction scour occurred which required major repairs to the bridge. During 1991 and 1992, the approach channel to Bridge 342 has been migrating, causing scour in the left side of the channel. Bed material at the Million Dollar Bridge consists of hard unweathered boulders nested in dense gravel. Because of this type of erosion-resistant material, no significant scour has occurred at this site. Contraction scour equations overestimated the mean depth of flow at Bridge 331 by 2.6 to 5.0 ft, but were within 1.0 ft of the mean depth of flow for Bridge 1187. The local scour equations generally overestimated local scour at both Bridge 331 and Bridge 1187. The accuracy of some equations was probably affected because water velocities could not be obtained upstream from the piers.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944073","usgsCitation":"Brabets, T.P., 1994, Scour assessment at bridges from Flag Point to Million Dollar Bridge, Copper River Highway, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4073, v, 57 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944073.","productDescription":"v, 57 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157408,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4073/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55102,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4073/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db6864b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brabets, T. P.","contributorId":103289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabets","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25909,"text":"wri944078 - 1994 - Ground-water recharge near Santa Fe, north-central New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:32","indexId":"wri944078","displayToPublicDate":"1995-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4078","title":"Ground-water recharge near Santa Fe, north-central New Mexico","docAbstract":"Recharge to the basin-fill aquifer near Santa Fe, New Mexico, was investigated using chloride mass-balance methods. Chloride concentrations in water in the unsaturated zone indicate no recharge in areas where runoff and flooding do not occur. The mass of chloride stored in the upper part of the unsaturated zone in these areas would take about 6,000 to 8,000 years to accumulate, assuming the present (1989) chloride fluxes. Chloride concen- trations in water in the unsaturated zone beneath arroyo channels indicate that recharge does occur in these areas; chloride concentrations in this recharge water at two sites ranged from 40 to 60 milligrams per liter. Estimates of mountain-front recharge using a chloride balance in drainage basins are about 2,320 acre-feet per year in the Santa Fe River drainage, 690 acre-feet per year in the Rio Tesuque drainage, and 830 acre-feet per year in the Anoyo Hondo drainage. Stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen indicate that little summer precipitation recharges the ground-water system and that winter precipitation results in most of the recharge water. Most hydrogen and oxygen isotope data for ground water in the area coincide with the local meteoric water line on a graph showing the relation between oxygen and hydrogen in ground water. This indicates that, on the basis of the hydrogen and oxygen isotopic composition of ground water and precipi- tation, evaporation of recharge water or ground water does not occur.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944078","usgsCitation":"Anderholm, S., 1994, Ground-water recharge near Santa Fe, north-central New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4078, v, 68 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944078.","productDescription":"v, 68 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123329,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4078/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54669,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4078/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cde4b07f02db544ba7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderholm, S. K.","contributorId":69149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderholm","given":"S. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26099,"text":"wri934192 - 1994 - Geohydrology of the High Energy Laser System Test Facility site, White Sands Missile Range, Tularosa Basin, south-central New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-21T07:57:02","indexId":"wri934192","displayToPublicDate":"1995-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4192","title":"Geohydrology of the High Energy Laser System Test Facility site, White Sands Missile Range, Tularosa Basin, south-central New Mexico","docAbstract":"The Yesum-HoHoman and Gypsum land (hummocky) soils at the High Energy Laser System Test Facility (HELSTF) represent wind deposits from recently desiccated lacustrine deposits and deposits from the ancestral Lake Otero. The upper 15-20 feet of the subsurface consists of varved gypsiferous clay and silt. Below these surfidai deposits the lithology consists of interbedded clay units, silty-clay units, and fine- to medium-grained quartz arenite units in continuous and discontinuous horizons. Clay horizons can cause perched water above the water table. Analyses of selected clay samples indicate that clay units are composed chiefly of kaolinire and mixed-layer illite/ smectite. The main aquifer is representative of a leaky-confined aquifer. Estimated aquifer properties are: transmissivity (T) = 780 feet squared per day, storage coefficient (S) = 3.1 x 10-3, and hydraulic conductivity (K) = 6.0 feet per day. Ground water flows south and southwest; the estimated hydraulic gradient is 5.3 feet per mile. Analyses of water samples indicate that ground water at the HELSTF site is brackish to slightly saline at the top of the main aquifer. Dissolved-solids concentration near the top of the main aquifer ranges from 5,940 to 11,800 milligrams per liter. Predominant ions are sodium and sulfate. At 815 feet below land surface, the largest dissolved-solids concentration measured is 111,000 milligrams per liter, which indicates increasing salinity with depth. Predominant ions are sodium and chloride.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri934192","usgsCitation":"Basabilvazo, G., Myers, R.G., and Nickerson, E.L., 1994, Geohydrology of the High Energy Laser System Test Facility site, White Sands Missile Range, Tularosa Basin, south-central New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4192, Report: v, 59 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934192.","productDescription":"Report: v, 59 p. ","numberOfPages":"64","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123739,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4192/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54886,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4192/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a896b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Basabilvazo, G.T.","contributorId":72832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Basabilvazo","given":"G.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Myers, R. G.","contributorId":30642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nickerson, E. 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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr94403","usgsCitation":"Tabor, R.W., Haugerud, R., Booth, D.B., and Brown, E.H., 1994, Preliminary geologic map of the Mount Baker 30- by 60-minute quadrangle, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-403, Report: 44 p.; 2 Plates: 43.00 x 29.00 inches and 38.00 x 17.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94403.","productDescription":"Report: 44 p.; 2 Plates: 43.00 x 29.00 inches and 38.00 x 17.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":46680,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0403/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21613,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0403/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21612,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0403/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":149390,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0403/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":108231,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12524.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"12524"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount Baker quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 48.5\n ],\n [\n -121,\n 48.5\n ],\n [\n -121,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 49\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67aff0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tabor, R. 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Also included are descriptions of various natural features of the county (such as topography and geology), an explanation of the hydrologic cycle, and an interpretation of the relationship between them. Ground-water and surface-water resources and principal water-quality features within the county are also discussed. The report is intended to provide the general public with an overview of the water resources Of Duval County, and to increase public awareness of water issues. Information is presented in nontechnical language to enable the general reader to understand facts about water as a part of nature, and the problems associated with its development and use.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri934130","usgsCitation":"Phelps, G.G., 1994, Water resources of Duval County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4130, viii, 78 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934130.","productDescription":"viii, 78 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159384,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2333,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri934130","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f0818","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phelps, G. 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Part C, Diskettes with analytical data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-18T07:18:04","indexId":"ofr94623C","displayToPublicDate":"1995-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-623","chapter":"C","title":"Geochemical data from the Departments of Choco and Antioquia, Colombia; Part C, Diskettes with analytical data","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr94623C","collaboration":"The USGS does not support this software or technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","usgsCitation":"Orris, G., Pierce, H.A., and Wells, T.W., 1994, Geochemical data from the Departments of Choco and Antioquia, Colombia; 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Studies of the Mariner 9 images revealed the wide range of ages of the major rock units in this region; age assignments were based on the density of impact craters preserved on the various surfaces (Mutch and others, 1976, p. 56-60; Scott and Carr, 1978; Mutch and Morris, 1979). The region includes ancient cratered highlands, more sparsely cratered smooth plains, young volcanic plains, and the Mangala Valles channel system. The sinuosity of the streamlined landforms within the Mangala Valles, combined with braided channels evident throughout the lower reaches of the valley system, were recognized as indicators that he Mangala area was subject to substantial erosion by a flowing fluid, most likely water (Milton, 1973; Baker and Milton, 1974; Sharp and Malin, 1975). Recent global mapping based on the Viking Orbiter images (Scott and Tanaka, 1986) has refined the relative ages of many rock units on Mars, but it has modified only slightly the basic interpretations of features in the Mangala-Memnonia region.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i2402","usgsCitation":"Zimbelman, J.R., Craddock, R.A., and Greeley, R., 1994, Geologic map of the MTM-15147 quadrangle, Mangala Valles region of Mars: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2402, 1 Plate: 45.00 x 42.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2402.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 45.00 x 42.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":438917,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9X9NTLN","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Geologic map of the MTM-15147 quadrangle, Mangala Valles region of Mars"},{"id":100777,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2402/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":187412,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"502000","otherGeospatial":"Mangala Valles, Mars","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c664","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimbelman, J. 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J.","contributorId":91484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutley","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28227,"text":"wri944012 - 1994 - Description and application of capture zone delineation for a wellfield at Hilton Head Island, South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-15T22:06:38.127904","indexId":"wri944012","displayToPublicDate":"1995-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4012","title":"Description and application of capture zone delineation for a wellfield at Hilton Head Island, South Carolina","docAbstract":"Ground-water capture zone boundaries for individual pumped wells in a confined aquffer were delineated by using groundwater models. Both analytical and numerical (semi-analytical) models that more accurately represent the $round-water-flow system were used. All models delineated 2-dimensional boundaries (capture zones) that represent the areal extent of groundwater contribution to a pumped well. The resultant capture zones were evaluated on the basis of the ability of each model to realistically rapresent the part of the ground-water-flow system that contributed water to the pumped wells. Analytical models used were based on a fixed radius approach, and induded; an arbitrary radius model, a calculated fixed radius model based on the volumetric-flow equation with a time-of-travel criterion, and a calculated fixed radius model derived from modification of the Theis model with a drawdown criterion. Numerical models used induded the 2-dimensional, finite-difference models RESSQC and MWCAP. The arbitrary radius and Theis analytical models delineated capture zone boundaries that compared least favorably with capture zones delineated using the volumetric-flow analytical model and both numerical models. The numerical models produced more hydrologically reasonable capture zones (that were oriented parallel to the regional flow direction) than the volumetric-flow equation. The RESSQC numerical model computed more hydrologically realistic capture zones than the MWCAP numerical model by accounting for changes in the shape of capture zones caused by multiple-well interference. The capture zone boundaries generated by using both analytical and numerical models indicated that the curnmtly used 100-foot radius of protection around a wellhead in South Carolina is an underestimate of the extent of ground-water capture for pumped wetis in this particular wellfield in the Upper Floridan aquifer. The arbitrary fixed radius of 100 feet was shown to underestimate the upgradient contribution of ground-water flow to a pumped well.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944012","usgsCitation":"Landmeyer, J., 1994, Description and application of capture zone delineation for a wellfield at Hilton Head Island, South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4012, iv, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944012.","productDescription":"iv, 33 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":57058,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4012/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119680,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4012/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":423654,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47925.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Hilton Head Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.8341394016005,\n 32.09825649124981\n ],\n [\n -80.7187198470331,\n 32.1409126007467\n ],\n [\n -80.64736957693655,\n 32.22438985577203\n ],\n [\n -80.72011887193688,\n 32.27644639902692\n ],\n [\n -80.78377450506237,\n 32.23740711325689\n ],\n [\n -80.83134135179296,\n 32.13111188489001\n ],\n [\n -80.8341394016005,\n 32.09825649124981\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66d2a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landmeyer, J. E.","contributorId":91140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landmeyer","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5009,"text":"fs01494 - 1994 - Zebra mussels in the eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:31","indexId":"fs01494","displayToPublicDate":"1995-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"014-94","title":"Zebra mussels in the eastern United States","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/fs01494","usgsCitation":"Haag, K.H., 1994, Zebra mussels in the eastern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 014-94, [2] p. : ill. ; 28 cm. ill. ;, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs01494.","productDescription":"[2] p. : ill. ; 28 cm. ill. ;","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":94738,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1994/0014/report.pdf","size":"314","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":139182,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1994/0014/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de127","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haag, Kim H. khhaag@usgs.gov","contributorId":381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haag","given":"Kim","email":"khhaag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":150284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30567,"text":"wri934028 - 1994 - Salt budget for West Pond, Utah, April 1987 to June 1989","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:59","indexId":"wri934028","displayToPublicDate":"1995-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4028","title":"Salt budget for West Pond, Utah, April 1987 to June 1989","docAbstract":"During operation of the West Desert pumping project, April 10. 1987, to June 30, 1989, data were collected as part of a monitoring program to evaluate the effects of pumping brine from Great Salt Lake into West Pond in northern Utah. The removal of brine from Great Sail was part of an effort to lower the level of Great Salt Lake when the water level was at a high in 1986. These data were used to prepare a salt budget that indicates about 695 million tons of salt or about 14.2 percent of salt contained in Great Salt Lake was pumped into West Pond. Of the 695 million tons of salt pumped into West Pond, 315 million tons (45 percent) were dissolved in West Pond, 71 million tons (10.2 percent) formed a salt crust at the bottom of the pond, 10 million tons (1.4 percent) infiltrated the subsurface areas inundated by storage in the pond, 88 million tons (12.7 percent) were withdrawn by American Magnesium Corporation, and 123 million tons (17.7 percent) discharged from the pond through the Newfoundland weir. About 88 million tons (13 percent) of the salt pumped from the lake could not be accounted for in the salt budget. About 94 million tons of salt (1.9 percent of the total salt in Great Salt Lake) flowed back to Great Salt Lake.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri934028","usgsCitation":"Wold, S., and Waddell, K., 1994, Salt budget for West Pond, Utah, April 1987 to June 1989: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4028, iv, 20 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934028.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160085,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4028/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59332,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4028/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdf2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wold, S.R.","contributorId":29473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wold","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waddell, K.M.","contributorId":59009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddell","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}