{"pageNumber":"3969","pageRowStart":"99200","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184938,"records":[{"id":70231437,"text":"70231437 - 1994 - Interstadial climatic cycles: A link between western North America and Greenland?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-10T16:41:38.219254","indexId":"70231437","displayToPublicDate":"1994-12-01T11:33:25","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interstadial climatic cycles: A link between western North America and Greenland?","docAbstract":"<p><span>During the interval 33.6 to 26.1 ka, Searles Lake in southeastern California went through six major cycles of expansion and contraction. A comparison of U/Th ages for these events with the chronologies for quasi-cyclic interstadial episodes in the ice core from Summit, Greenland, suggests that the episodes of low water at Searles Lake are synchronous with the interstadial episodes at Summit. The two phenomena may be linked by variations in the strength of the global hydrological cycle, driven by oscillations in the Atlantic Ocean thermohaline circulation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022%3C1115:ICCALB%3E2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Phillips, F., Campbell, A.R., Smith, G., and Bischoff, J.L., 1994, Interstadial climatic cycles: A link between western North America and Greenland?: Geology, v. 22, no. 12, p. 1115-1118, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022%3C1115:ICCALB%3E2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1115","endPage":"1118","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":400431,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Greenland, United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.5369873046875,\n              35.47632833265728\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.92199707031249,\n              35.47632833265728\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.92199707031249,\n              36.752089156946326\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.5369873046875,\n              36.752089156946326\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.5369873046875,\n              35.47632833265728\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -62.40234375,\n              75.73730278940474\n            ],\n            [\n              -50.2734375,\n              75.73730278940474\n            ],\n            [\n              -50.2734375,\n              78.31385955743478\n            ],\n            [\n              -62.40234375,\n              78.31385955743478\n            ],\n            [\n              -62.40234375,\n              75.73730278940474\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, Fred M.","contributorId":269402,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Phillips","given":"Fred M.","affiliations":[{"id":34868,"text":"New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":842606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, Andrew R.","contributorId":291589,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Campbell","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, George I.","contributorId":57096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"George I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bischoff, James L. jbischoff@usgs.gov","contributorId":1389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"James","email":"jbischoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":842609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70129369,"text":"70129369 - 1994 - Analysis of ERS 1 synthetic aperture radar data of frozen lakes in northern Montana and implications for climate studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-08T16:02:20","indexId":"70129369","displayToPublicDate":"1994-12-01T11:27:27","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of ERS 1 synthetic aperture radar data of frozen lakes in northern Montana and implications for climate studies","docAbstract":"<p>Lakes that freeze each winter are good indicators of regional climate change if key parameters, such as freeze-up and breakup date and maximum ice thickness, are measured over a decade-scale time frame. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite data have proven to be especially useful for measurement of climatologically significant parameters characteristic of frozen lakes. In this paper, five lakes in Glacier National Park, Montana, have been studied both in the field and using Earth Remote-Sensing Satellite (ERS) 1 SAR data during the 1992-1993 winter. The lakes are characterized by clear ice, sometimes with tubular or rounded bubbles, and often with a layer of snow ice on top of the clear ice. They are also often snow covered. Freeze-up is detected quite easily using ERS 1 SAR data as soon as a thin layer of ice forms. The effect of snow ice on the backscatter is thought to be significant but is, as yet, undetermined. On the five lakes studied, relative backscatter was found to increase with ice thickness until a maximum was reached in February. Breakup, an often ill-defined occurrence, is difficult to detect because surface water causes the SAR signal to be absorbed, thus masking the ice below. Comparison of the bubble structure of thaw lakes in northern Alaska with lakes in northern Montana has shown that the ice structure is quite different, and this difference may contribute to differential SAR signature evolution in the lakes of the two areas.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"William Byrd Press for John Hopkins Press","publisherLocation":"Richmond, VA","doi":"10.1029/94JC01391","usgsCitation":"Hall, D.K., Fagre, D.B., Klasner, F., Linebaugh, G., and Liston, G.E., 1994, Analysis of ERS 1 synthetic aperture radar data of frozen lakes in northern Montana and implications for climate studies: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 99, no. C11, https://doi.org/10.1029/94JC01391.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"1","numberOfPages":"1","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":295547,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295546,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/94JC01391"}],"volume":"99","issue":"C11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"544775a2e4b0f888a81b82f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, Dorothy K.","contributorId":67436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"Dorothy","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fagre, Daniel B. 0000-0001-8552-9461 dan_fagre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8552-9461","contributorId":2036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"Daniel","email":"dan_fagre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klasner, Fritz","contributorId":95410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klasner","given":"Fritz","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Linebaugh, Gregg","contributorId":73944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linebaugh","given":"Gregg","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liston, Glen E.","contributorId":26244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liston","given":"Glen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70129014,"text":"70129014 - 1994 - Arboreal lichen in uncut and partially cut subalpine fir stands in woodland caribou habitat, northern Idaho and southeastern British Columbia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-16T10:24:43","indexId":"70129014","displayToPublicDate":"1994-12-01T10:22:15","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arboreal lichen in uncut and partially cut subalpine fir stands in woodland caribou habitat, northern Idaho and southeastern British Columbia","docAbstract":"To better understand the effects of partial cutting on arboreal lichen production within woodland caribou (<i>Rangifer tarandus caribou</i>) habitat, lichen was hand picked from 1228 branches on 307 subalpine fir (<i>Abies lasiocarpa</i>) trees in Idaho (ID), and in British Columbia (BC). Lichen biomass from partially cut stands was compared with biomass on trees from adjacent uncut stands at each site. Arboreal lichen biomass did not differ significantly between uncut and partially cut stands. Total number of branches per tree did not differ significantly between uncut and partially cut stands. Live branches had more lichen than dead branches. Species composition of arboreal lichen changed in partially cut stands compared with adjacent uncut stands. The ratio of live to dead branches was substantially different within the BC partial cut.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/0378-1127(94)90086-8","usgsCitation":"Rominger, E.M., Allen-Johnson, L., and Oldemeyer, J.L., 1994, Arboreal lichen in uncut and partially cut subalpine fir stands in woodland caribou habitat, northern Idaho and southeastern British Columbia: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 70, no. 1-3, p. 195-202, https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(94)90086-8.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"195","endPage":"202","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":295377,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295376,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(94)90086-8"}],"volume":"70","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5440de1ae4b0b0a643c732ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rominger, Eric M.","contributorId":91038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rominger","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen-Johnson, Lydia","contributorId":61360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen-Johnson","given":"Lydia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oldemeyer, John L.","contributorId":14754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oldemeyer","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70129527,"text":"70129527 - 1994 - Predation by odonate nymphs on larval razorback suckers (Xyrauchen texanus) under laboratory conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-15T15:36:11","indexId":"70129527","displayToPublicDate":"1994-12-01T10:05:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3451,"text":"Southwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Predation by odonate nymphs on larval razorback suckers (<i>Xyrauchen texanus</i>) under laboratory conditions","title":"Predation by odonate nymphs on larval razorback suckers (Xyrauchen texanus) under laboratory conditions","docAbstract":"High larval mortality has plagued efforts to raise razorback suckers (<i>Xyrauchen texanus</i>) in a Lake Mohave, Arizona-Nevada backwater. Observations indicate odonate nymph densities may be high enough to impact larval survival. In laboratory tests conducted in aquaria, damselfly (Coenagrionidae: <i>Enallagma</i> sp.) and dragonfly (Libellulidae: <i>Tramea</i> sp.) nymphs consumed 81% and 76% respectively of 11.8 ± 0.7 mm total length larval razorbacks in 7 days compared to 12% mortality in controls. Larger razorback larvae (14 to 15 mm TL) were less susceptible than smaller fish, showing 53% mortality versus 18% in controls. Extensive growth of sago pondweed (<i>Potamogeton pectinatus</i>) may exacerbate predation effects in the backwater, by allowing odonates access to more of the water column.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Southwestern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Southwestern Association of Naturalists","publisherLocation":"Dallas, TX","usgsCitation":"Horn, M.J., Marsh, P.C., Mueller, G., and Burke, T., 1994, Predation by odonate nymphs on larval razorback suckers (Xyrauchen texanus) under laboratory conditions: Southwestern Naturalist, v. 39, no. 4, p. 371-374.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"371","endPage":"374","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":295637,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"544a18fae4b04d2014abfb5c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horn, Michael J.","contributorId":80600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horn","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marsh, Paul C.","contributorId":29756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marsh","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mueller, Gordon","contributorId":96205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"Gordon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burke, Tom","contributorId":94995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burke","given":"Tom","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70185734,"text":"70185734 - 1994 - Uranium retention by weathered schists-The role of iron minerals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-01T07:00:36","indexId":"70185734","displayToPublicDate":"1994-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3226,"text":"Radiochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uranium retention by weathered schists-The role of iron minerals","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","doi":"10.1524/ract.1994.6667.special-issue.297","usgsCitation":"Payne, T., Davis, J., and Waite, T., 1994, Uranium retention by weathered schists-The role of iron minerals: Radiochimica Acta, v. 66-67, no. s1, p. 297-303, https://doi.org/10.1524/ract.1994.6667.special-issue.297.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"297","endPage":"303","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338476,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66-67","issue":"s1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58db7636e4b0ee37af29e4c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Payne, T.E.","contributorId":31916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Waite, T.D.","contributorId":31116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70189445,"text":"70189445 - 1994 - A special issue on volcanic centers as targets for mineral exploration; preface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-03T17:23:07.491229","indexId":"70189445","displayToPublicDate":"1994-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A special issue on volcanic centers as targets for mineral exploration; preface","docAbstract":"<p>NEPTUNE or Pluto? Since the days of Hutton and Werner, every generation of economic geologists has addressed this question in a new light. Most papers in this special issue deal with the thin and leaky roof of Pluto's underworld. It allows hot emanations from Hades to leak out, only to be quenched and diluted by waters percolating down from Neptune's realm.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.89.8.1661","usgsCitation":"1994, A special issue on volcanic centers as targets for mineral exploration; preface: Economic Geology, v. 89, no. 8, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.89.8.1661.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"1661","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343768,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"596886a5e4b0d1f9f05f5a0b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Elston, Wolfgang E.","contributorId":194553,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elston","given":"Wolfgang","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704611,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plumlee, Geoffrey S. 0000-0002-9607-5626 gplumlee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9607-5626","contributorId":960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumlee","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gplumlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704612,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70186952,"text":"70186952 - 1994 - Rhyolitic glass in Ordovician K-bentonites: A new stratigraphic tool: Comment and reply","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-22T17:26:25.339638","indexId":"70186952","displayToPublicDate":"1994-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rhyolitic glass in Ordovician K-bentonites: A new stratigraphic tool: Comment and reply","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<1151:RGIOKB>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Lyons, P., Delano, J.W., Tice, S.J., Mitchell, C., and Goldman, D., 1994, Rhyolitic glass in Ordovician K-bentonites: A new stratigraphic tool: Comment and reply: Geology, v. 22, no. 12, p. 1151-1153, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<1151:RGIOKB>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1151","endPage":"1153","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339760,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f1e0cce4b08144348b7e3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lyons, Paul C.","contributorId":79894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"Paul C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Delano, John W.","contributorId":190952,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Delano","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tice, Steven J.","contributorId":190953,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tice","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mitchell, Charles E.","contributorId":99689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"Charles E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Goldman, Daniel","contributorId":190954,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goldman","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70178155,"text":"70178155 - 1994 - Characterization of ecological risks at the Milltown Reservoir-Clark Fork River Sediments Superfund Site, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-12T18:26:09.244522","indexId":"70178155","displayToPublicDate":"1994-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of ecological risks at the Milltown Reservoir-Clark Fork River Sediments Superfund Site, Montana","docAbstract":"<p><span>A comprehensive field and laboratory approach to the ecological risk assessment for the Milltown Reservoir-Clark Fork River Sediments Site, a Superfund site in the Rocky Mountains of Montana, has been described in the preceding reports of this series. The risk assessment addresses concerns over the ecological impacts of upstream releases of mining wastes to fisheries of the upper Clark Fork River (CFR) and the benthic and terrestrial habitats further downstream in Milltown Reservoir. The risk characterization component of the process integrated results from a triad of information sources: (a) chemistry studies of environmental media to identify and quantify exposures of terrestrial and aquatic organisms to site-related contaminants; (b) ecological or population studies of terrestrial vegetation, birds, benthic communities, and fish; and (c) in situ and laboratory toxicity studies with terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates and plants, small mammals, amphibians, and fish exposed to contaminated surface water, sediments, wetland soils, and food sources. Trophic transfer studies were performed on waterfowl, mammals, and predatory birds using field measurement data on metals concentrations in environmental media and lower trophic food sources. Studies with sediment exposures were incorporated into the Sediment Quality Triad approach to evaluate risks to benthic ecology. Overall results of the wetland and terrestrial studies suggested that acute adverse biological effects were largely absent from the wetland; however, adverse effects to reproductive, growth, and physiological end points of various terrestrial and aquatic species were related to metals exposures in more highly contaminated depositional areas. Feeding studies with contaminated diet collected from the upper CFR indicated that trout are at high risk from elevated metals concentrations in surface water, sediment, and aquatic invertebrates. Integration of chemical analyses with toxicological and ecological evaluations of metal effects on the wetland and fishery has provided an important foundation for environmental decisions at this site.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"SETAC","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620131217","usgsCitation":"Pascoe, G.A., Blanchet, R.J., Linder, G.L., Palawski, D., Brumbaugh, W.G., Canfield, T.J., Kemble, N.E., Ingersoll, C.G., Farag, A.M., and DalSoglio, J.A., 1994, Characterization of ecological risks at the Milltown Reservoir-Clark Fork River Sediments Superfund Site, Montana: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 13, no. 12, p. 2043-2058, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620131217.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"2043","endPage":"2058","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479313,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620131217","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":330741,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Milltown Reservoir‐Clark Fork River Sediments Site","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -113.89843940734862,\n              46.8662943650293\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.88453483581543,\n              46.8662943650293\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.88453483581543,\n              46.874978704351086\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.89843940734862,\n              46.874978704351086\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.89843940734862,\n              46.8662943650293\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1994-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"581d9e2de4b0dee4cc90cbf3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pascoe, Gary A.","contributorId":176662,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pascoe","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blanchet, Richard J.","contributorId":176663,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blanchet","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Linder, Greg L. linder2@usgs.gov","contributorId":1766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linder","given":"Greg","email":"linder2@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":653043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Palawski, Don","contributorId":176664,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Palawski","given":"Don","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brumbaugh, William G. 0000-0003-0081-375X bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0081-375X","contributorId":493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"William","email":"bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Canfield, Tim J.","contributorId":176665,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Canfield","given":"Tim","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kemble, Nile E. 0000-0002-3608-0538 nkemble@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3608-0538","contributorId":2626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kemble","given":"Nile","email":"nkemble@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ingersoll, Chris G.","contributorId":48008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":653048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Farag, Aida M. 0000-0003-4247-6763 aida_farag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-6763","contributorId":1139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farag","given":"Aida","email":"aida_farag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":653049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"DalSoglio, Julie A.","contributorId":150714,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DalSoglio","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6914,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":653050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70185389,"text":"70185389 - 1994 - Influence of diurnal variations in stream temperature on streamflow loss and groundwater recharge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-27T10:26:20","indexId":"70185389","displayToPublicDate":"1994-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of diurnal variations in stream temperature on streamflow loss and groundwater recharge","docAbstract":"<p><span>We demonstrate that for losing reaches with significant diurnal variations in stream temperature, the effect of stream temperature on streambed seepage is a major factor contributing to reduced afternoon streamflows. An explanation is based on the effect of stream temperature on the hydraulic conductivity of the streambed, which can be expected to double in the 0° to 25°C temperature range. Results are presented for field experiments in which stream discharge and temperature were continuously measured for several days over losing reaches at St. Kevin Gulch, Colorado, and Tijeras Arroyo, New Mexico. At St. Kevin Gulch in July 1991, the diurnal stream temperature in the 160-m study reach ranged from about 4° to 18°C, discharges ranged from 10 to 18 L/s, and streamflow loss in the study reach ranged from 2.7 to 3.7 L/s. On the basis of measured stream temperature variations, the predicted change in conductivity was about 38%; the measured change in stream loss was about 26%, suggesting that streambed temperature varied less than the stream temperature. At Tijeras Arroyo in May 1992, diurnal stream temperature in the 655-m study reach ranged from about 10° to 25°C and discharge ranged from 25 to 55 L/s. Streamflow loss was converted to infiltration rates by factoring in the changing stream reach surface area and streamflow losses due to evaporation rates as measured in a hemispherical evaporation chamber. Infiltration rates ranged from about 0.7 to 2.0 m/d, depending on time and location. Based on measured stream temperature variations, the predicted change in conductivity was 29%; the measured change in infiltration was also about 27%. This suggests that high infiltration rates cause rapid convection of heat to the streambed. Evapotranspiration losses were estimated for the reach and adjacent flood plain within the arroyo. On the basis of these estimates, only about 5% of flow loss was consumed via stream evaporation and stream-side evapotranspiration, indicating that 95% of the loss within the study reach represented groundwater recharge.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/94WR01968","usgsCitation":"Constantz, J., Thomas, C.L., and Zellweger, G.W., 1994, Influence of diurnal variations in stream temperature on streamflow loss and groundwater recharge: Water Resources Research, v. 30, no. 12, p. 3253-3264, https://doi.org/10.1029/94WR01968.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"3253","endPage":"3264","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337953,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d23b96e4b0236b68f82956","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Constantz, Jim","contributorId":66338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Constantz","given":"Jim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, Carole L.","contributorId":50938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Carole","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zellweger, Gary W.","contributorId":71171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zellweger","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70189442,"text":"70189442 - 1994 - Mineralogy, paragenesis, and mineral zoning of the Bulldog Mountain vein system, Creede District, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-13T09:32:16","indexId":"70189442","displayToPublicDate":"1994-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineralogy, paragenesis, and mineral zoning of the Bulldog Mountain vein system, Creede District, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Bulldog Mountain vein system, Creede district, Colorado, is one of four major epithermal vein systems from which the bulk of the district's historical Ag-Pb-Zn-Cu production has come. Ores deposited along the vein system were discovered in 1965 and were mined from 1969 to 1985.Six temporally gradational mineralization stages have been identified along the Bulldog Mountain vein system, each with a characteristic suite of minerals deposited or leached and a characteristic distribution within the vein system; some of these stages are also strongly zoned within the vein system. Stage A was dominated by deposition of rhodochrosite along the lower levels of the Bulldog Mountain ore zone. Stage B in the northern parts of the ore zone is characterized by abundant fine-grained sphalerite and galena, with lesser tetrahedrite and minor chlorite and hematite. With increasing elevation to the south, stage B ores become progressively more barite and silver rich, with alternating barite and fine-grained sphalerite + galena generations; native silver + or - acanthite assemblages are also locally abundant within southern stage B barite sulfide ores, whereas chalcopyrite and other Cu and Ag sulfides and sulfosalts are present erratically in minor amounts. Stage C in the upper and northern portions of the ore zone is characterized by abundant quartz and fluorite, minor adularia, hematite, Mn siderite, sphalerite, and galena, and major leaching of earlier barite; to the south, some barite and sulfides may have been deposited. Stage D sphalerite and galena were deposited in the upper and northern portions of the ore zone; a barite- and silver-rich facies of this stage may also be present in the southern portions of the vein system. Late in stage D, mineralogically complex assemblages containing chalcopyrite, tetrahedrite, polybasite, bornite, pyrargyrite, and a variety of other sulfides and sulfosalts were deposited in modest amounts throughout the vein system. This complex assemblage marked the transition to stage E. During stage E, the final sulfide stage, abundant botryoidal pyrite and marcasite with lesser stibnite, sphalerite, and sulfosalts were deposited primarily along the top of the Bulldog Mountain ore zone. Stage F, the final mineralization stage along the vein system, is marked by wire silver and concurrent leaching of earlier sulfides and sulfosalts; this stage may reflect the transition to a supergene environment.The sequence of mineralization stages identified in this study along the Bulldog Mountain system can be correlated with corresponding stages identified by other researchers along the OH and P veins, and the southern Amethyst vein system. Mineral zoning patterns identified along the Bulldog Mountain vein system also parallel larger scale zoning patterns across the central and southern Creede district.The complex variations in mineral assemblages documented in time and space along the Bulldog Mountain vein system were produced by the combined effects of many processes. Large-scale changes in vein mineralogy over time produced discrete mineralization stages. Short-term mineralogical fluctuations produced complex interbanding of mineralogically distinct generations. Fluid chemistry evolution within the vein system produced large-scale lateral zoning patterns within certain stages. Hypogene leaching substantially modified the distributions of some minerals. Finally, structural activity, mineral deposition, and mineral leaching modified fluid flow pathways repeatedly during mineralization, and so added to the complex mineral distribution patterns within the vein system.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.89.8.1883","usgsCitation":"Plumlee, G.S., and Heald Whitehouse-Veaux, P., 1994, Mineralogy, paragenesis, and mineral zoning of the Bulldog Mountain vein system, Creede District, Colorado: Economic Geology, v. 89, no. 8, p. 1883-1905, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.89.8.1883.","productDescription":"23 p. ","startPage":"1883","endPage":"1905","costCenters":[{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343767,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Bulldog Mountain Vein System, Creede District ","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.9405746459961,\n              37.864656197887676\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.94066047668457,\n              37.861200349653615\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.93902969360352,\n              37.85794763857857\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.93739891052246,\n              37.85645676469727\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.93654060363768,\n              37.856050157496426\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.93443775177002,\n              37.85730385582893\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.93327903747559,\n              37.858896360803264\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.93233489990234,\n              37.86021777498129\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.93220615386963,\n              37.86140363932972\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.93332195281982,\n              37.86296217488437\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.93722724914551,\n              37.865537074460214\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.93975925445557,\n              37.86770534116354\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.94108963012695,\n              37.8686539377837\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.94216251373291,\n              37.868586181287235\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.9420337677002,\n              37.86655345742136\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.9405746459961,\n              37.864656197887676\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"89","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1994-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"596886a5e4b0d1f9f05f5a11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plumlee, Geoffrey S. 0000-0002-9607-5626 gplumlee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9607-5626","contributorId":960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumlee","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gplumlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heald Whitehouse-Veaux, Pamela","contributorId":194551,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heald Whitehouse-Veaux","given":"Pamela","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70185710,"text":"70185710 - 1994 - Variability and prediction of freshwater and nitrate fluxes for the Louisiana-Texas shelf: Mississippi and Atchafalaya River source functions ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-28T10:15:11","indexId":"70185710","displayToPublicDate":"1994-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variability and prediction of freshwater and nitrate fluxes for the Louisiana-Texas shelf: Mississippi and Atchafalaya River source functions ","docAbstract":"<p><span>Time histories of riverine water discharge, nitrate concentration, and nitrate, flux have been analyzed for the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers. Results indicate that water discharge variability is dominated by the annual cycle and shorter-time-scale episodic events presumably associated with snowmelt runoff and spring or summer rains. Interannual variability in water discharge is relatively small compared to the above. In contrast, nitrate concentration exhibits strongest variability at decadal time scales. The interannual variability is not monotonic but more complicated in structure. Weak covariability between water discharge and nitrate concentration leads to a relatively “noisy” nitrate flux signal. Nitrate flux variations exhibit a low-amplitude, long-term modulation of a dominant annual cycle. Predictor-hindcastor analyses indicate that skilled forecasts of nitrate concentration and nitrate flux fields are feasible. Water discharge was the most reliably hindcast (on seasonal to interannual time scales) due to the fundamental strength of the annual hydrologic cycle. However, the forecasting effort for this variable was less successful than the hindcasting effort, mostly due to a phase shift in the annual cycle during our relatively short test period (18 mo). Nitrate concentration was more skillfully predicted (seasonal to interannual time scales) due to the relative dominance of the decadal-scale portion of the signal. Nitrate flux was also skillfully forecast even though historical analyses seemed to indicate that it should be more difficult to predict than either water discharge or nitrate concentration.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Estuarine Research Federation","doi":"10.2307/1352746","usgsCitation":"Bratkovich, A., Dinnel, S., and Goolsby, D.A., 1994, Variability and prediction of freshwater and nitrate fluxes for the Louisiana-Texas shelf: Mississippi and Atchafalaya River source functions : Estuaries, v. 17, no. 4, p. 766-778, https://doi.org/10.2307/1352746.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"766","endPage":"778","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338446,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58db7636e4b0ee37af29e4cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bratkovich, A.","contributorId":189926,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bratkovich","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dinnel, S.P.","contributorId":189927,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dinnel","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goolsby, D. A.","contributorId":50508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70185724,"text":"70185724 - 1994 - Determination of atrazine in rainfall and surface water by enzyme immunoassay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T10:52:14","indexId":"70185724","displayToPublicDate":"1994-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1564,"text":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of atrazine in rainfall and surface water by enzyme immunoassay","docAbstract":"<p><span>Rainwater and surface water from four sites in Germany (Bavaria and Lower Saxony) were analyzed for atrazine by enzyme immunoassay from June 1990 until October 1992. The limit of quantification of the immunoassay was 0.02 μg/L with a middle of the test at 0.2 μg/L. About 60 % of the samples contained measurable amounts of atrazine. Seasonal trends were observed, with the highest concentration in the summer months of up to 4 μg/L for rainwater and up to 15 μg/L for surface waters. The highest concentrations were found in agricultural areas, while in the investigated national parks up to 0.56 μg/L could be detected in rain water. This points to long-range atmospheric transport from agricultural areas to pristine national parks. Samples from forest stands usually showed higher atrazine concentrations than samples from open fields. Deposition rates of 10 – 50 μg/m</span><sup>2</sup><span> · yr were observed in the national parks and 10–180 μg/m</span><sup>2</sup><span> · yr at the agricultural sites. Comparison of results obtained by enzyme immunoassay and GC/MS showed a good correlation of r = 0.95.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecomed Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF02986530","usgsCitation":"Dankwardt, A., Wust, S., Elling, W., Thurman, E.M., and Hock, B., 1994, Determination of atrazine in rainfall and surface water by enzyme immunoassay: Environmental Science and Pollution Research, v. 1, no. 4, p. 196-204, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02986530.","productDescription":"9 p. ","startPage":"196","endPage":"204","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338464,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58db7636e4b0ee37af29e4ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dankwardt, Andrea","contributorId":189943,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dankwardt","given":"Andrea","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wust, Susanne","contributorId":189944,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wust","given":"Susanne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elling, Wolfram","contributorId":189945,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elling","given":"Wolfram","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thurman, E. Michael","contributorId":9636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hock, Bertold","contributorId":189946,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hock","given":"Bertold","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70185431,"text":"70185431 - 1994 - Uranium(VI) adsorption to ferrihydrite: Application of a surface complexation model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-07T14:56:48","indexId":"70185431","displayToPublicDate":"1994-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uranium(VI) adsorption to ferrihydrite: Application of a surface complexation model","docAbstract":"<p><span>A study of U(VI) adsorption by ferrihydrite was conducted over a wide range of U(VI) concentrations, pH, and at two partial pressures of carbon dioxide. A two-site (strong- and weak-affinity sites, Fe</span><sub>s</sub><span>OH and Fe</span><sub>w</sub><span>OH, respectively) surface complexation model was able to describe the experimental data well over a wide range of conditions, with only one species formed with each site type: an inner-sphere, mononuclear, bidentate complex of the type (FeO</span><sub>2</sub><span>)UO</span><sub>2</sub><span>. The existence of such a surface species was supported by results of uranium EXAFS spectroscopy performed on two samples with U(VI) adsorption density in the upper range observed in this study (10 and 18% occupancy of total surface sites). Adsorption data in the alkaline pH range suggested the existence of a second surface species, modeled as a ternary surface complex with UO</span><sub>2</sub><span>CO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>0</sup><span> binding to a bidentate surface site. Previous surface complexation models for U(VI) adsorption have proposed surface species that are identical to the predominant aqueous species, e.g., multinuclear hydrolysis complexes or several U(VI)-carbonate complexes. The results demonstrate that the speciation of adsorbed U(VI) may be constrained by the coordination environment at the surface, giving rise to surface speciation for U(VI) that is significantly less complex than aqueous speciation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(94)90243-7","usgsCitation":"Waite, T., Davis, J., Payne, T., Waychunas, G., and Xu, N., 1994, Uranium(VI) adsorption to ferrihydrite: Application of a surface complexation model: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 58, no. 24, p. 5465-5478, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(94)90243-7.","productDescription":"14 p. ","startPage":"5465","endPage":"5478","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338018,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d3ce4b0236b68f98ef2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waite, T.D.","contributorId":31116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Payne, T.E.","contributorId":31916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Waychunas, G.A.","contributorId":90888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waychunas","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Xu, N.","contributorId":105060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70180398,"text":"70180398 - 1994 - Neutralization-resistant variants of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus have altered virulence and tissue tropism","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-23T14:30:20.743018","indexId":"70180398","displayToPublicDate":"1994-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2497,"text":"Journal of Virology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Neutralization-resistant variants of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus have altered virulence and tissue tropism","docAbstract":"<p><span>Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is a rhabdovirus that causes an acute disease in salmon and trout. In this study, a correlation between changes in tissue tropism and specific changes in the virus genome appeared to be made by examining four IHNV neutralization-resistant variants (RB-1, RB-2, RB-3, and RB-4) that had been selected with the glycoprotein (G)-specific monoclonal antibody RB/B5. These variants were compared with the parental strain (RB-76) for their virulence and pathogenicity in rainbow trout after waterborne challenge. Variants RB-2, RB-3, and RB-4 were only slightly attenuated and showed distributions of viral antigen in the livers and hematopoietic tissues of infected fish similar to those of the parental strain. Variant RB-1, however, was highly attenuated and the tissue distribution of viral antigen in RB-1-infected fish was markedly different, with more viral antigen in brain tissue. The sequences of the G genes of all four variants and RB-76 were determined. No significant changes were found for the slightly attenuated variants, but RB-1 G had two changes at amino acids 78 and 218 that dramatically altered its predicted secondary structure. These changes are thought to be responsible for the altered tissue tropism of the virus. Thus, IHNV G, like that of rabies virus and vesicular stomatitis virus, plays an integral part in the pathogenesis of viral infection.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/jvi.68.12.8447-8453.1994","usgsCitation":"Kim, C., Winton, J., and Leong, J., 1994, Neutralization-resistant variants of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus have altered virulence and tissue tropism: Journal of Virology, v. 68, no. 12, p. 8447-8453, https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.68.12.8447-8453.1994.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"8447","endPage":"8453","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479312,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.68.12.8447-8453.1994","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":334296,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58905ef6e4b072a7ac0cad65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kim, C.H.","contributorId":102232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Winton, J. R. 0000-0002-3505-5509","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-5509","contributorId":82441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leong, J.C.","contributorId":152183,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leong","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25665,"text":"Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":661558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70178158,"text":"70178158 - 1994 - Chemical characterization of sediments and pore water from the upper Clark Fork River and Milltown Reservoir, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-04T10:47:06","indexId":"70178158","displayToPublicDate":"1994-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical characterization of sediments and pore water from the upper Clark Fork River and Milltown Reservoir, Montana","docAbstract":"<p><span>The upper Clark Fork River basin in western Montana is widely contaminated by metals from past mining, milling, and smelting activities As part of a comprehensive ecological risk assessment for the upper Clark Fork River, we measured physical and chemical characteristics of surficial sediment samples that were collected from depositional zones for subsequent toxicity evaluations Sampling stations included five locations along the upper 200 km of the river, six locations in or near Milltown Reservoir (about 205 km from the river origin), and two tributary reference sites Concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn decreased from the upper stations to the downstream stations in the Clark Fork River but then increased in all Milltown Reservoir stations to levels similar to uppermost river stations Large percentages (50 to 90%) of the total Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn were extractable by dilute (3 n) HCl for all samples Copper and zinc accounted for greater than 95% of extractable metals on a molar basis Acid-volatile sulfide (AVS) concentrations were typically moderate (0 6 to 23 μmol/g) in grab sediment samples and appeared to regulate dissolved (filterable) concentrations of Cd, Cu, and Zn in sediment pore waters Acid volatile sulfide is important in controlling metal solubility in the depositional areas of the Clark Fork River and should be monitored in any future studies Spatial variability within a sampling station was high for Cu, Zn, and AVS, therefore, the potential for toxicity to sediment dwelling organisms may be highly localized.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620131211","usgsCitation":"Brumbaugh, W.G., Ingersoll, C., Kemble, N., May, T., and Zajicek, J., 1994, Chemical characterization of sediments and pore water from the upper Clark Fork River and Milltown Reservoir, Montana: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 13, no. 12, p. 1971-1983, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620131211.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1971","endPage":"1983","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479315,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620131211","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":330744,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1994-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"581d9e2de4b0dee4cc90cbf1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brumbaugh, W. G.","contributorId":121189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ingersoll, C.G. 0000-0003-4531-5949","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":56338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kemble, N.E.","contributorId":28028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kemble","given":"N.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"May, T.W.","contributorId":75878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zajicek, J.L.","contributorId":87086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zajicek","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70180410,"text":"70180410 - 1994 - Are all prey created equal? A review and synthesis of differential predation on prey in substandard condition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-30T12:04:41","indexId":"70180410","displayToPublicDate":"1994-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2285,"text":"Journal of Fish Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Are all prey created equal? A review and synthesis of differential predation on prey in substandard condition","docAbstract":"<p><span>Our understanding of predator-prey interactions in fishes has been influenced largely by research assuming that the condition of the participants is normal. However, fish populations today often reside in anthropogenically altered environments and are subjected to many kinds of stressors, which may reduce their ecological performance by adversely affecting their morphology, physiology, or behaviour. One consequence is that either the predator or prey, or both, may be in a substandard condition at the time of an interaction. We reviewed the literature on predator-prey interactions in fishes where substandard prey were used as experimental groups. Although most of this research indicates that such prey are significantly more vulnerable to predation, prey condition has rarely been considered in ecological theory regarding predator-prey interactions. The causal mechanisms for increased vulnerability of substandard prey to predation include a failure to detect predators, lapses in decision-making, poor fast-start performance, inability to shoal effectively, and increased prey conspicuousness. Despite some problems associated with empirical predator-prey studies using substandard prey, their results can have theoretical and applied uses, such as in ecological modelling or justification of corrective measures to be implemented in the wild. There is a need for more corroborative field experimentation, a better understanding of the causal mechanisms behind differential predation, and increased incorporation of prey condition into the research of predator-prey modellers and theoreticians. If the concept of prey condition is considered in predator-prey interactions, our understanding of how such interactions influence the structure and dynamics of fish communities is likely to change, which should prove beneficial to aquatic ecosystems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1095-8649.1994.tb01085.x","usgsCitation":"Mesa, M.G., Poe, T.P., Gadomski, D.M., and Petersen, J.H., 1994, Are all prey created equal? A review and synthesis of differential predation on prey in substandard condition: Journal of Fish Biology, v. 45, p. 81-96, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1994.tb01085.x.","productDescription":"16 p. ","startPage":"81","endPage":"96","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334311,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-04-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58905ef6e4b072a7ac0cad63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mesa, Matthew G. mmesa@usgs.gov","contributorId":3423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mesa","given":"Matthew","email":"mmesa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poe, Thomas P.","contributorId":95008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poe","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gadomski, Dena M.","contributorId":178343,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gadomski","given":"Dena","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Petersen, James H. petersen@usgs.gov","contributorId":23231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"James","email":"petersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70180421,"text":"70180421 - 1994 - Light-mediated predation by northern squawfish on juvenile Chinook salmon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-30T12:37:20","indexId":"70180421","displayToPublicDate":"1994-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2285,"text":"Journal of Fish Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Light-mediated predation by northern squawfish on juvenile Chinook salmon","docAbstract":"<p>Northern squawfish <i>Ptychocheilus oregonensis</i> cause significant mortality of juvenile salmon in the lower Columbia River Basin (U.S.A.). The effects of light intensity on this predator-prey interaction were examined with laboratory experiments and modelling studies. In laboratory experiments, the rate of capture of subyearling chinook salmon <i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i> by northern squawfish was inversely related to light intensity. In a large raceway, about five times more salmon were captured during 4 h periods of relative darkness (0–03 Ix) than during periods with high light intensity (160 Ix). The rate of predation could be manipulated by increasing or decreasing light intensity.</p><p>A simulation model was developed for visual predators that encounter, attack, and capture juvenile salmon, whose schooling behaviour was light-sensitive. The model was fitted to laboratory results using a Monte Carlo filtering procedure. Model-predicted predation rate was especially sensitive to the visual range of predators at low light intensity and to predator search speed at high light. Modelling results also suggested that predation by northern squawfish on juvenile salmon may be highest across a narrow window of fight intensity.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1095-8649.1994.tb01095.x","usgsCitation":"Petersen, J.H., and Gadomski, D.M., 1994, Light-mediated predation by northern squawfish on juvenile Chinook salmon: Journal of Fish Biology, v. 45, p. 227-242, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1994.tb01095.x.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"227","endPage":"242","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334328,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-04-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58905ef5e4b072a7ac0cad61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, James H. petersen@usgs.gov","contributorId":23231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"James","email":"petersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gadomski, Dena M.","contributorId":178343,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gadomski","given":"Dena","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1007835,"text":"1007835 - 1994 - Analysis of larval trematode communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-14T17:54:52.965847","indexId":"1007835","displayToPublicDate":"1994-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of larval trematode communities","docAbstract":"<p><span>We can compare natural communities with null models of communities to indicate how they differ from random assemblages of species (i.e., how much structure is present). However, because null models draw on observed values of species' prevalences, whatever structure already exists in natural communities affects the composition of a null model and weakens its comparative power. To address this, we developed formulae to estimate \"pre—interactive\" species prevalences permitting a more sensitive quantification of community structure. Nonetheless, if a null model deviates from the community that we base it on, it is difficult to separate the effects of heterogeneity in recruitment from competition. We have developed a method to test for each independently. Applying our analytical techniques to a well—studied guild of larval trematodes in the salt marsh snail Cerithidea californica revealed that competitive interactions among species were the most significant structuring force. Interestingly, spatial heterogeneity acted to significantly intensify species co—occurrences. This differs from previous studies, which argued that the isolating effects of spatial heterogeneity, not competition, structure these communities by reducing co—occurrences.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.2307/1940883","usgsCitation":"Lafferty, K.D., Sammond, D.T., and Kuris, A.M., 1994, Analysis of larval trematode communities: Ecology, v. 75, p. 2275-2285, https://doi.org/10.2307/1940883.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2275","endPage":"2285","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130439,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db68033f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lafferty, Kevin D. 0000-0001-7583-4593 klafferty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-4593","contributorId":1415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lafferty","given":"Kevin","email":"klafferty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":316114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sammond, D. T.","contributorId":79427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sammond","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuris, A. M.","contributorId":62164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuris","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70185417,"text":"70185417 - 1994 - Effects of land disposal of municipal sewage sludge on fate of nitrates in soil, streambed sediment, and water quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-27T10:21:57","indexId":"70185417","displayToPublicDate":"1994-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of land disposal of municipal sewage sludge on fate of nitrates in soil, streambed sediment, and water quality","docAbstract":"<p>This study was undertaken to determine the effects of sewage-sludge disposal at the Lowry sewage-sludge-disposal area, near Denver, Colorado, on ground- and surface-water quality, to determine the fate of nitrates from sludge leachate, and to determine the source areas of leachate and the potential for additional leaching from the disposal area.</p><p>Sewage-sludge disposal began in 1969. Two methods were used to apply the sludge: burial and plowing. Also, the sludge was applied both in liquid and cake forms. Data in this report represent the chemical composition of soil and streambed sediment from seven soil- and four streambed-sampling sites in 1986, chemical and bacterial composition of ground water from 28 wells from 1981 to 1987, and surface-water runoff from seven water-sampling sites from 1984 to 1987. Ground water samples were obtained from alluvial and bedrock aquifers. Samples of soil, streambed sediment, ground water and surface water were obtained for onsite measurement and chemical analysis. Measurements included determination of nitrogen compounds and major cations and anions, fecal-coliform and -streptococcus bacteria, specific conductance, and pH.</p><p>Thirteen wells in the alluvial aquifer in Region 3 of the study area contain water that was probably affected by sewage-sludge leachate. The plots of concentration of nitrate with time show seasonal trends and trends caused by precipitation. In addition to yearly fluctuation, there were noticeable increases in ground-water concentrations of nitrate that coincided with increased precipitation. After 3 years of annual ground-water-quality monitoring and 4 years of a quarterly sampling program, it has been determined that leachate from the sewage-sludge-disposal area caused increased nitrite plus nitrate (as nitrogen) concentration in the alluvial ground water at the site. Soil analyses from the disposal area indicate that organic nitrogen was the dominant form of nitrogen in the soil.</p><p>As a result of investigations at the research site, it has been determined that a potentially large source of contamination exists in the soils of the study area owing to increased concentrations of nitrogen, sodium, calcium, magnesium, sulfate, bicarbonate, and chloride because of sewage disposal. Continued monitoring of surface and ground water for nitrogen and the other ions previously mentioned is required to assess long-term effects of municipal sludge disposal on water quality.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(94)90027-2","usgsCitation":"Tindall, J.A., Lull, K.J., and Gaggiani, N.G., 1994, Effects of land disposal of municipal sewage sludge on fate of nitrates in soil, streambed sediment, and water quality: Journal of Hydrology, v. 163, no. 1-2, p. 147-185, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(94)90027-2.","productDescription":"39 p. ","startPage":"147","endPage":"185","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337994,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"163","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d23b96e4b0236b68f82953","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tindall, James A. 0000-0002-0940-1586 jtindall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-1586","contributorId":2529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tindall","given":"James","email":"jtindall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lull, Kenneth J.","contributorId":189642,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lull","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gaggiani, Neville G. gaggiani@usgs.gov","contributorId":3280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaggiani","given":"Neville","email":"gaggiani@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":685515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70216590,"text":"70216590 - 1994 - Simulation of long-term thermal characteristics of three Estonian lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-27T18:27:55.131014","indexId":"70216590","displayToPublicDate":"1994-11-25T13:40:23","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation of long-term thermal characteristics of three Estonian lakes","docAbstract":"<p>A one-dimensional surface energy-balance lake model, coupled to a thermodynamic model of lake ice, is used to simulate variations in the temperature of and evaporation from three Estonian lakes: Karujärv, Viljandi and Kirjaku. The model is driven by daily climate data, derived by cubic-spline interpolation from monthly mean data, and was run for periods of 8 years (Kirjaku) up to 30 years (Viljandi). Simulated surface water temperature is in good agreement with observations: mean differences between simulated and observed temperatures are from −0.8°C to +0.1°C. The simulated duration of snow and ice cover is comparable with observed. However, the model generally underpredicts ice thickness and overpredicts snow depth. Sensitivity analyses suggest that the model results are robust across a wide range (0.1–2.0 m −1) of lake extinction coefficient: surface temperature differs by less than 0.5°C between extreme values of the extinction coefficient. The model results are more sensitive to snow and ice albedos. However, changing the snow (0.2–0.9) and ice (0.15–0.55) albedos within realistic ranges does not improve the simulations of snow depth and ice thickness. The underestimation of ice thickness is correlated with the overestimation of snow cover, since a thick snow layer insulates the ice and limits ice formation. The overestimation of snow cover results from the assumption that all the simulated winter precipitation occurs as snow, a direct consequence of using daily climate data derived by interpolation from mean monthly data.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(94)90025-6","usgsCitation":"Vassiljev, J., Harrison, S., Hostetler, S.W., and Bartlein, P.J., 1994, Simulation of long-term thermal characteristics of three Estonian lakes: Journal of Hydrology, v. 163, no. 1, p. 107-123, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(94)90025-6.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"107","endPage":"123","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":380816,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Estonia","otherGeospatial":"Karujärv, Kirjaku, Viljandi","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[24.31286,57.79342],[24.42893,58.38341],[24.0612,58.25737],[23.42656,58.61275],[23.3398,59.18724],[24.60421,59.46585],[25.86419,59.61109],[26.94914,59.4458],[27.98111,59.47539],[28.1317,59.30083],[27.42017,58.72458],[27.71669,57.7919],[27.28818,57.47453],[26.46353,57.47639],[25.60281,57.84753],[25.16459,57.97016],[24.31286,57.79342]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Estonia\"}}]}","volume":"163","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vassiljev, J.","contributorId":21458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vassiljev","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":805689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harrison, S.P.","contributorId":245247,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harrison","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":805690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hostetler, Steven W. 0000-0003-2272-8302 swhostet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2272-8302","contributorId":3249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostetler","given":"Steven","email":"swhostet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":805691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bartlein, Patrick J","contributorId":194325,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bartlein","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":805692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70216580,"text":"70216580 - 1994 - Stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen in the Truckee River–Pyramid Lake surface‐water system. 2. A predictive model of δ18O and 182H in Pyramid Lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-27T18:23:17.063545","indexId":"70216580","displayToPublicDate":"1994-11-25T13:12:29","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen in the Truckee River–Pyramid Lake surface‐water system. 2. A predictive model of δ<sup>18</sup>O and 18<sup>2</sup>H in Pyramid Lake","title":"Stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen in the Truckee River–Pyramid Lake surface‐water system. 2. A predictive model of δ18O and 182H in Pyramid Lake","docAbstract":"<p><span>A physically based model of variations in&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>18</sup><span>O and&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>2</sup><span>H in Pyramid Lake is presented. For inputs, the model uses measurements of liquid water inflows and outflows and their associated isotopic compositions and a set of meteorological data (radiative fluxes, air temperature, relative humidity, and windspeed). The model simulates change of lake volume, thermal and isotopic stratification, evaporation, and the isotopic composition of evaporation. A validation of the model for 1987–1989 and 1991 indicates that it can reproduce measured intra‐ and interannual variations of&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>18</sup><span>O and&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>2</sup><span>H. Three applications of the model demonstrate its ability to simulate longer term responses of&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>18</sup><span>O to change in the hydrologic balance and hydrologic characteristics (opening and closing) of the lake.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography","doi":"10.4319/lo.1994.39.2.0356","usgsCitation":"Hostetler, S.W., and Benson, L.V., 1994, Stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen in the Truckee River–Pyramid Lake surface‐water system. 2. A predictive model of δ18O and 182H in Pyramid Lake: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 39, no. 2, p. 356-364, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1994.39.2.0356.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"356","endPage":"364","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":380808,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Pyramid Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.7784423828125,\n              39.8401771327549\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.3939208984375,\n              39.8401771327549\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.3939208984375,\n              40.212440718286466\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.7784423828125,\n              40.212440718286466\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.7784423828125,\n              39.8401771327549\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hostetler, S. W. 0000-0003-2272-8302","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2272-8302","contributorId":42911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostetler","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":805683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benson, L. V.","contributorId":50159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":805684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70216573,"text":"70216573 - 1994 - Analysis of the surface hydrology in a regional climate model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-27T18:20:00.191634","indexId":"70216573","displayToPublicDate":"1994-11-25T12:35:13","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7443,"text":"Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of the surface hydrology in a regional climate model","docAbstract":"<p>This paper discusses the surface hydrology of a multi‐year simulation of present day climate over the United States (US) conducted with a regional climate model (RegCM) nested within a general circulation model (GCM). The RegCM, which is run with a 60 km gridpoint spacing is interactively coupled with a state‐of‐the‐art surface physics package that includes full surface hydrology calculations (the Biosphere‐Atmosphere Transfer Scheme or BATS). The hydrologic budgets of ten regional drainage basins in the US are analysed. Model results are compared with available observations and with results from previous modelling experiments to evaluate the feasibility of using nested RegCM/GCM models for hydrology studies. In our experiment, the model captures the basic seasonality of the basin hydrologic budgets, although the simulated precipitation amounts are too high over the western US and too low over the eastern US. As a result, runoff, snow cover and soil water content are underestimated over the eastern US basins, while evaporation and runoff are overestimated in some of the western US basins. Topographically induced characteristics of precipitation, snow cover and runoff are well simulated over the mountainous western regions. Also well captured is the inter‐basin variation of hydrologic budgets which occurs in response to different climatic settings. The springtime snowmelt and peak runoff season generally occurs in the model earlier in the year than is observed. Although our work indicates that the coupled regional modelling system can be useful in applications to hydrological studies, results from this experiment indicate that better accuracy in the simulation of regional climatic variables and more detailed representation of some hydrologic processes would be required before the coupled modelling system could be used to provide accurate assessments of hydrologic responses to climate change.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/qj.49712051510","usgsCitation":"Giorgi, F., Hostetler, S.W., and Shields Brodeur, C., 1994, Analysis of the surface hydrology in a regional climate model: Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, v. 120, no. 515, p. 161-183, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49712051510.","productDescription":"23 p","startPage":"161","endPage":"183","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science 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,{"id":70248024,"text":"70248024 - 1994 - Introduction to the special section northeast Japan: A case history of subduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-31T14:39:50.191692","indexId":"70248024","displayToPublicDate":"1994-11-10T09:29:52","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Introduction to the special section northeast Japan: A case history of subduction","docAbstract":"<p>Subduction-related tectonic events such as strike-slip faulting, uplift of high-pressure metamorphic rocks in the forearc, back arc spreading, arc magmatism, and continental collisions have shaped northeast Japan, making it a case history for subduction. Much of the record of these events is preserved and can be used to reconstruct the tectonic history of the region.</p><p>Although many geological, geophysical, and geochemical data have been collected in Japan for the last 30 years, interpretation of these data into a plate tectonic context did not really begin until about 10 years ago. Much of the data and interpretation on northeast Japan have been published in Japanese or as individual local studies. The primary goal of this special section is to present new investigations covering a wide range of topics and scales and place them in a tectonic framework. The papers in this special section focus on three main subjects: Mesozoic aspects of northeast Japan; the relation of Japan Sea opening with the tectonics and geochemistry of northeast Japan in the Tertiary; and the geophysical setting. The purpose of this overview is to link these subjects and provide a tectonic framework for north- east Japan and eastern Asia since the Mesozoic.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/94JB01130","usgsCitation":"Finn, C.A., Kimura, G., and Suyehiro, K., 1994, Introduction to the special section northeast Japan: A case history of subduction: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 99, no. B11, p. 22137-22145, https://doi.org/10.1029/94JB01130.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"22137","endPage":"22145","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":420365,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Japan","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              136.07872015564664,\n              53.941101394260954\n            ],\n            [\n              136.07872015564664,\n              33.64728064206582\n            ],\n            [\n              146.6776000839601,\n              33.64728064206582\n            ],\n            [\n              146.6776000839601,\n              53.941101394260954\n            ],\n            [\n              136.07872015564664,\n              53.941101394260954\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"99","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-25","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finn, Carol A. 0000-0002-6178-0405 cfinn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6178-0405","contributorId":1326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"Carol","email":"cfinn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":881542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kimura, Gaku","contributorId":58183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimura","given":"Gaku","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":881543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Suyehiro, Kiyoshi","contributorId":62348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suyehiro","given":"Kiyoshi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":881544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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