The Solomon quadrangle adjoins the Bering Sea east of Nome, Alaska. It has a common west border with the Nome quadrangle (Sainsbury and others, 1972b) and a common north border with the Bendeleben 1:250,000- scale quadrangle.
Part of the area was mapped by Smith (1910), who discussed the rocks in some detail. The rocks mapped by Smith were remapped in 1971 along with the unmapped part of the west half of the Solomon quadrangle. Maps covering half the area of the present report have been issued in preliminary form at a scale of 1:63,360 (Sainsbury and others, 1972, 1972a). Consequently, only a brief text accompanies this map.
The east half of the Solomon quadrangle has been mapped by Thomas P. Miller, U.S. Geological Survey (unpublished). Mapping techniques of the various workers led to different maps and results; hence the map of the west half is presented only in preliminary form- a final compilation of the entire Solomon quadrangle may incorporate changes.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr72324","usgsCitation":"Sainsbury, C., Hudson, T., Ewing, R., and Marsh, W.R., 1972, Reconnaissance geologic map of the west half of the Solomon quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-324, Report: 10 p.; 1 Plate: 32.91 x 29.61 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72324.","productDescription":"Report: 10 p.; 1 Plate: 32.91 x 29.61 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":400724,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0324/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":106534,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_8706.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"8706"},{"id":148987,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0324/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":44785,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0324/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Solomon quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -165,\n 64\n ],\n [\n -162,\n 64\n ],\n [\n -162,\n 65\n ],\n [\n -165,\n 65\n ],\n [\n -165,\n 64\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db682c6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sainsbury, C.L.","contributorId":99968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sainsbury","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hudson, Travis","contributorId":90282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Travis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ewing, Rodney","contributorId":106914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ewing","given":"Rodney","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marsh, William R.","contributorId":34524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marsh","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":13648,"text":"ofr72122 - 1972 - Analyses of stream-sediment and rock samples from parts of the Eagle quadrangle, east-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-04T21:28:14.28466","indexId":"ofr72122","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-122","title":"Analyses of stream-sediment and rock samples from parts of the Eagle quadrangle, east-central Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr72122","usgsCitation":"Foster, H.L., and Yount, M.E., 1972, Analyses of stream-sediment and rock samples from parts of the Eagle quadrangle, east-central Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-122, Report: 102 p.; 2 Plates: 25.50 × 23.07 inches and 24.93 × 22.85 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72122.","productDescription":"Report: 102 p.; 2 Plates: 25.50 × 23.07 inches and 24.93 × 22.85 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":42170,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0122/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":42169,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0122/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":391403,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_8668.htm"},{"id":147297,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0122/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":42168,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0122/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Eagle quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -142,\n 64\n ],\n [\n -141,\n 64\n ],\n [\n -141,\n 65\n ],\n [\n -142,\n 65\n ],\n [\n -142,\n 64\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db680156","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foster, Helen Laura","contributorId":21936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"Helen","email":"","middleInitial":"Laura","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yount, M. E.","contributorId":76748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yount","given":"M.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5889,"text":"pp744 - 1972 - The Shawangunk Formation (Upper Ordovician(?) to Middle Silurian) in eastern Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T09:11:45","indexId":"pp744","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"744","title":"The Shawangunk Formation (Upper Ordovician(?) to Middle Silurian) in eastern Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"The Shawangunk Formation of Early and Middle Silurian age, and possibly Late Ordovician age, in eastern Pennsylvania and northwestern New Jersey forms a thick clastic wedge of sediments derived from sourcelands to the southeast uplifted during the Taconic orogeny. The formation is divided into four newly denned members, from bottom to top: Weiders Member (coarse conglomerate and quartzose sandstone), Minsi Member (quartzose conglomeratic sandstone and minor argillite), Lizard Creek Member (complex sequence of quartzose sandstone, siltstone, shale, and a few red beds, with sparse fauna), and Tammany Member (quartzose conglomeratic sandstone and minor argillite). The Weiders Member pinches out to the east near Smith Gap. The Tammany Member cannot be conveniently mapped west of Smith Gap because of interfingering with and replacement by beds of the Lizard Creek Member. The contact of the Shawangunk with the underlying Martinsburg Formation is an angular unconformity. The boundary between the Shawangunk and overlying Bloomsburg Red Beds is irregular and transitional through about 130-700 feet of red, green, and gray rocks. Sedimentary features in the Shawangunk indicate that the sediments were deposited by streams and in a complex transitional marinecontinental environment, including tidal flats, barrier bars, estuaries, and lagoons.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp744","collaboration":"Work done in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources Bureau of Topographic and Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Epstein, J., and Epstein, A.G., 1972, The Shawangunk Formation (Upper Ordovician(?) to Middle Silurian) in eastern Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 744, iv, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp744.","productDescription":"iv, 45 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117378,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0744/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":32730,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0744/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Shawangunk Formation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.75,\n 40.875\n ],\n [\n -75.375,\n 40.875\n ],\n [\n -75.375,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -75,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -75,\n 40.875\n ],\n [\n -75.25,\n 40.875\n ],\n [\n -75.25,\n 40.75\n ],\n [\n -75.75,\n 40.75\n ],\n [\n -75.75,\n 40.875\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a960","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Epstein, Jack Burton","contributorId":64625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Epstein","given":"Jack Burton","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Epstein, Anita G.","contributorId":47360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Epstein","given":"Anita","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":14667,"text":"ofr72230 - 1972 - Regional and other general factors bearing on evaluation of earthquake and other geologic hazards to coastal communities of southeastern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-09T20:07:02.07676","indexId":"ofr72230","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-230","title":"Regional and other general factors bearing on evaluation of earthquake and other geologic hazards to coastal communities of southeastern Alaska","docAbstract":"The great Alaska earthquake of March 27, 1964, brought into sharp focus the need for engineering geologic studies in seismically active regions. As a result, nine communities in southeastern Alaska were selected for reconnaissance investigations as an integral part of an overall program to evaluate earthquake and other geologic hazards in most of the larger Alaska coastal communities. This report gives background information on the regional and other general factors that bear on these evaluations.
Southeastern Alaska, about 525 miles long and averaging about 125 miles in width, consists of a narrow mainland strip and numerous islands. For the most part, it is a region of rugged relief with numerous glaciers capping many of the higher mountainous areas and with long linear fiords forming the inland waterways. A maritime climate prevails with mild winters and cool summers. The southeastern part of the region receives the highest precipitation in the continental United States. Ketchikan, with a population of 6,994 in 1970, is the largest city. Geology and structure of the area are complex. Igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks crop out and range in age from Paleozoic to Tertiary. Surficial deposits of Pleistocene and Holocene age mantle many areas.
All of southeastern Alaska, except probably the highest peaks, was covered by glacier ice advances of late Pleistocene age. Major deglaciation was well advanced by 10,000 years ago--a time which approximately marks the end of the Pleistocene and the beginning of the Holocene. There followed a period of warm climate called the Hypsithermal, which in southeastern Alaska began 7,000-8,000 years ago and ended about 4,800-3,500 years ago. Glaciers in most places receded back of their present positions. The Hypsithermal was followed by an interval (termed Neoglaciation) of cooler climate and resurgence of glacier ice which continues to the present, although most glaciers are now rapidly receding.
During the past 10,000 years worldwide sea level has risen about 100 feet, but during the past 4,000 years it has risen only about 10 feet or about 0.03 inch per year. With sea level used as a datum, the amount of sea-level rise must be added to the apparent uplift of land for the time under consideration to determine the actual amount of land uplift.
The widespread presence of emergent marine deposits, several hundred feet above sea level, demonstrates that the land in southeastern Alaska has been uplifted since the last major deglaciation. The greatest known has been uplifted since the last major deglaciation. The greatest known uplift is in the vicinity of Juneau where glaciomarine deposits are present 750 feet above present sea level. Part of southeastern Alaska is presently undergoing one of the most rapid rates of uplift of any place in the world. The fastest emergence is occurring in the Glacier Bay area where the land is being uplifted relative to sea level approximately 3.9 cm per year. Most or all of the uplift appears to be due to rebound as a result of deglaciation.
Southeastern Alaska lies within the circum-Pacific earthquake belt, one of the world's greatest zones of seismic activity. During historic time, there have been five earthquakes in the region with magnitudes of 8 or greater, three with magnitudes of 7 to 8, eight with magnitudes of 6 to 7, more than 15 with magnitudes of 5 to 6, and about 140 recorded earthquakes with magnitudes smaller than 5 or of unassigned magnitudes. All of the earthquakes with magnitudes 8 or greater, and a large proportion of the others, appear to be related to the active Fairweather- Queen Charlotte Islands fault system or its western extension, the Chugach-St. Elias fault. Earthquake epicenters on the Denali fault system, the other major fault system in southeastern Alaska, are few in comparison. However, because high microearthquake activity has been recorded recently on this system and earthquakes of moderate size have occurred on some of its segments, the Denali fault system probably should not be dismissed as a relict fault system of no current tectonic importance. There are numerous other known faults, as well as lineaments that may be faults of varying degrees of tectonic activity in southeastern Alaska, adjacent Canada, and eastern Alaska. One of these elements is the Totschunda fault system, which connects with the Denali fault system in eastern Alaska; it has been very active during Holocene time but few historical earthquake epicenters appear to be related to it.
Both historical seismicity and geologic conditions, such as frequency and recency of faulting, must be considered together to permit an assessment of the future earthquake probability of an area. Data are too few for both factors for an accurate evaluation to be made of earthquake probability in southeastern Alaska. However, information compiled in the form of strain-release and seismic-zone maps permit some generalizations. Thus, it is tentatively concluded that most, if not all, of southeastern Alaska should be placed in seismic zone 3, a zone in which earthquakes of magnitude greater than 6 will occur from time to time and where there may be major damage to manmade structures.
Inferred effects from future earthquakes in southeastern Alaska include: (1) surface displacement along faults and other tectonic land-level changes, (2) ground shaking, (3) compaction, (4) liquefaction in cohesionless materials, (5) reaction of sensitive and quick clays, (6) water-sediment ejection and associated subsidence and ground fracturing, (7) earthquake-induced sub aerial slides and slumps, (8) earthquake induced subaqueous slides, (9) effects on glaciers and related features, (10) effects on ground water and stream flow, and (11) tsunamis, seiches, and other abnormal water waves. Because of the reconnaissance nature of our studies in the coastal communities and the sparsity of laboratory data on physical properties of geologic units in each area studied, the inferred effects must be largely empirical and generalized. Therefore, the inferences are based in large part upon the effects of past major earthquakes in Alaska and elsewhere, particularly upon the well-documented effects of the Alaska earthquake of March 27, 1964.
Buildings, highways, bridges, tunnels, harbor facilities, pipelines, canals, and other manmade structures may be severely damaged or destroyed by fault displacement or related tectonic land-level changes in southeastern Alaska. Direct damage from fault rupture would be restricted virtually to structures built directly athwart the fault. In California and Nevada, fault rupture almost always accompanies shocks of magnitude 6.5 or greater. The Alaska earthquake of March 27, 1964, and the Chilean earthquake of May 22, 1960, dramatically illustrated the severe adverse effects that can result from uplift or subsidence over a wide area.
The variable most responsible for the degree of shaking at any epicentral distance is the type of ground. Generally, shaking is considerably greater in poorly consolidated deposits than in hard bedrock, particularly if the deposits are water saturated. Severe shaking of alluvial deposits and manmade fill, with resultant heavy damage, is well documented from the records of many past earthquakes.
Damage commonly has been heavy as a result of ground settlement caused by compaction of loose sediments by shaking during an earthquake. This has been especially true where compaction was accompanied by tectonic downdrop of land, such as occurred during the Chilean earthquake of 1960 and the Alaska earthquake of 1964. Loosely emplaced manmade fill, deltaic deposits, beach deposits, and alluvial deposits may be susceptible to compaction in southeastern Alaska during a severe earthquake.
Liquefaction of sand and silt is a fairly common effect of large earthquakes. It was well illustrated at Niigata, Japan, during the earthquake of June 16, 1964, and resulted in extensive damage. When part of a sloping soil mass liquefies, the entire mass can undergo catastrophic failure and can flow as a high-density liquid. In southeastern Alaska, deltaic deposits probably would be most susceptible to liquefaction.
Sensitive and quick clays, which lose a considerable part of their strength when shaken, commonly fail during an earthquake and become rapid earthflows. Extensive studies were made of the sensitivity of the Bootlegger Cove Clay at Anchorage because of the marked loss of shear strength and dramatic failures of the deposits during the Alaska earthquake of 1964. If similar sensitive clays are present in some places in southeastern Alaska, they most likely are in some of the emergent fine-grained marine deposits; supporting data to confirm their presence, however, are largely lacking.
Records of some 50 major earthquakes show that in at least half of the instances water and sediment have been ejected from surficial deposits Water-sediment ejection and associated subsidence and ground fracturing commonly cause extensive damage to the works of man. Ejecta may fill basements and other low-lying parts of buildings. Agricultural land can be covered with a blanket of infertile soils, and small ponds can be filled or made shallow. In southeastern Alaska these phenomena are most likely to occur on valley floors, deltas, tidal flats, alluvial fans, swamps, and lakeshores.
Earthquake-induced sliding on land generally is confined to steep slopes but may take place in fine-grained deposits on moderately to nearly flat surfaces if the deposits are subject to liquefaction. A large rockslide triggered by the Lituya Bay, Alaska, earthquake of July 10, 1958, generated a wave that surged up the opposite wall of the inlet to a record height of 1,740 feet. During the Hebgen Lake, Montana, earthquake of August 17, 1959, a spectacular rockslide plunged into the Madison River canyon, buried 28 people, dammed the river, and created a large lake. Earthquake-records are replete with accounts of sliding of surficial deposits during moderate to large earthquakes. Most or all of the general factors that favor subaerial landsliding are present in southeastern Alaska.
Earthquake-induced subaqueous slides can produce adverse effects both nearshore and some distance offshore. Nearshore sliding may progress shoreward and destroy harbor facilities and other structures, commonly with substantial loss of life. Disastrous large submarine slides occurred along the fronts of deltas in Seward and Valdez during the Alaska earthquake of 1964. In similar fashion, the largest submarine slides in southeastern Alaska likely will be triggered along the larger delta fronts. Sliding farther offshore can constitute a threat to navigation because of changes in water depths. Also underwater sliding can break communication cables.
Glaciers were not greatly affected by the Alaska earthquake of 1964 despite the fact that about 20 percent of the area that underwent strong shaking is covered by ice. In contrast, the cataclysmic avalanche of ice and rock that fell from a high glacier-covered peak in Peru during the earthquake of May 31, 1970, produced devastating effects downvalley on man and his works in the form of mudflows. Most towns in southeastern Alaska are sufficiently distant from glaciers so as not be to directly affected.
Both the Alaska earthquake of 1964 and the Hebgen Lake, Montana, earthquake of 1959 significantly affected ground- and surface-water regimens. Water levels in some wells declined whereas in others flow increased. Some springs discharged at a rate three times as much as normal; flow of others decreased or stopped. Discharge of many streams increased markedly. Most or all of the effects described above could occur in parts of southeastern Alaska during future large earthquakes.
Tsunamis, seiches, and other abnormal water waves associated with large earthquakes commonly cause vast property damage and heavy loss of life. Tsunami effects can be devastating to coastal areas as far as many thousands of miles from their generation source. Seiche effects generally are confined to inland bodies of water or to relatively enclosed coastal bodies of water. Abnormal waves generated by submarine sliding or by subaerial sliding into water generally produce only local effects but may be highly devastating. Tsunami waves resulting from the Chilean earthquake of 1960 inflicted extensive damage and loss of life on coastal communities throughout a large part of southern Chile, and significant runups and damage were recorded in many places throughout the Pacific Ocean area. The tsunami waves generated by the Alaska earthquake of 1964 struck with devastating force along a broad stretch of the Alaska coast and produced heavy property damage and loss of life as far away as Crescent City, Calif. Seiche waves generated by that earthquake reached runup heights of 20-30 feet on some lakes in Alaska, and water-level fluctuations were recorded on streams, reservoirs, lakes, and swimming pools in States bordering the Gulf of Mexico. Waves generated by submarine sliding struck violently at a number of places during or immediately after the quake and were the major cause of loss of life and damage to property. Slide-generated waves probably would have a higher destructive potential in southeastern Alaska than either tsunami waves or seiche waves because of their possibly higher local runups and because they can hit the shores almost without warning during or immediately after an earthquake.
Nonearthquake-related geologic hazards, although generally far less dramatic than those related to earthquakes, tend to occur so much more frequently or persistently that their aggregate effects can be significant. Three kinds of geologic hazards of this type are discussed: (1) nonearthquake-induced landsliding and subaqueous sliding, (2) flooding, and (3) land uplift.
The potential for nonearthquake-triggered landsliding in southeastern Alaska ranges widely from place to place. Past sliding generally furnishes the clue in the prediction of where and in what materials future sliding will occur. Fast-moving rockslides, debris slides, and mudflows can be expected to occur from time to time on steep slopes and be highly destructive to highways, power plants, pipelines, buildings, and other facilities located on a slope or at its base. Present slow downslope movement of talus can be expected to continue at the same general rate unless conditions are changed by man or there are climatic changes. Snow and debris avalanches can be especially hazardous during winter months. Long-inactive landslides may be triggered into renewed activity or new slides may be created by man-induced modifications. Accelerated slope erosion and debris flows may follow large-scale clearing and cutting of timber. Subaqueous sliding can be expected to occur periodically along fronts of deltas and on other oversteepened underwater slopes.
Floods have been common in parts of southeastern Alaska because of heavy precipitation and rapid runoff from steep slopes with resulting heavy damage to roads and other facilities. Continued damage can be expected in the future unless more remedial measures are taken.
Current uplift of land in southeastern Alaska, although probably not affecting man significantly in a short period of time, may have some adverse long-term effects. These long-term effects should be borne in mind when facilities such as docks and boat harbors are constructed on or near the shore, where there is a critical relation between height of land and water.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr72230","usgsCitation":"Lemke, R.W., and Yehle, L.A., 1972, Regional and other general factors bearing on evaluation of earthquake and other geologic hazards to coastal communities of southeastern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-230, ii, 99 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72230.","productDescription":"ii, 99 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":425551,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0230/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":147832,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0230/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"585","chapter":"A","title":"Hydrologic investigations of prairie potholes in North Dakota, 1959-68","docAbstract":"A prairie pothole is a depression in the prau1e, capable of storing water, that is the result of glacial processes. Years ago, there were many hundreds of thousands of prairie potholes in the North-Central United States, but large numbers of them have been drained for agricultural use. This report is limited to studies of prairie potholes in the eastern part of the glaciated northern Great Plains region in North Dakota-a rolling upland area covered with glacial drift, called the Coteau du Missouri. Potholes are wetlands that are the primary breeding area of migratory waterfowl in the United States. If production of waterfowl is to continue, suitable wetlands must be maintained, and even new wetlands created to offset those destroyed for agricultural use. The initial stage of the Garrison Diversion Unit calls for a normal annual diversion from Garrison Reservoir of 60,000 acre-feet of water for this purpose.
Many prairie potholes contain large amounts of emergent aquatic vegetatjon known as hydrophytes. Determining the loss of water by transpiration from emergent hydrophytes was one of the major objectives of the present study of the hydrology of prairie potholes. Other hydrologic factors were studied later, but the first part of the study was devoted almost exclusively to the determination of evaporation and transpiration losses at groups of potholes in Ward, Stutsman, and Dickey Counties. The mass-transfer method was used, and by determining the variation in the mass-transfer coefficient throughout a season, the losses by evaporation and transpiration were determined separately. Separate determinations were accomplished by relating the emergent height and the moisture content of the hydrophytes to the rate of transpiration, as determined by the mass-transfer coefficient.
Seasonal evaporation from the study potholes clear of vegetation was found to very nearly equal the generalized evaporation values published by the U.S. Weather Bureau. The effect of hydrophytes in potholes was twofold: their presence reduced evaporation from the water surfaces; and, at the height of the growing season, their transpiration rate, added to the reduced evaporation rate, frequently was greater than the evaporation rate from potholes clear of vegetation.
Net seepage outflow from potholes was generally very small-less than 0.01 foot per day per unit of water surface. This rate of seepage was not insignificant, however, because it often amounted to more than one-fourth of the total seasonal .loss of water from a pothole.
The source of water supplying the evapotranspiration losses was primarily precipitation on the water surface of a pothole pond. Augmenting this supply was basin inflowoverland flow, flow in channels, and seepage inflow. Of these, overland flow was estimated to have been the largest by far; direct observations were not possible. Basin inflow was very erratic; it depended on combinations of events, such as antecedent soil moisture and rainfall intensity, or depth of snow at time of melting and concurrent rainfall. The occurrences of these combinations were such that, for a given season (October-March or April-September), the total basin inflow generally showed little relation to total precipitation. The greatest inflows were associated with late snowmelt flowing over frozen ground.
Following the evapotranspiration study, the effects of ground-water movement were investigated. All the study potholes were located in areas of glacial till in order to reduce the effect of seepage in the mass-transfer computations. Accordingly, ground-water movement was not a major factor in the water budget of the study potholes; however, it could be, in potholes located in areas of outwash sands and gravels, and in potholes in glacial till with only temporary ponds. Also, the direction of ground-water movement has a controlling effect on the water quality of a pothole pond. Where there is no seepage outflow or overflow, there is no mechanism for the removal of dissolved solids brought to the pond by basin inflow. Such potholes are saline-some even more so than sea water. Conversely, potholes that receive no seepage inflow generally contain fresh water and are usually not permanent. All conditions between these two extremes were found.
The permanence of water in a pothole (the extent to which the water body is permanent) and its quality were found to have a direct and significant relation to the species of vegetation that grows under those conditions. In fact, the species of vegetation are excellent indicators of water quality and permanence, and the report contains a table listing the common species used as indicators and the conditions that they indicate.
Many other facets of the hydrology of prairie potholes were investigated to ensure that no major factor was ignored, and the investigation results are described briefly.
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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr72341","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources","usgsCitation":"Schweinfurth, S.P., 1972, Structure contour map of the Avella and part of the Steubenville East quadrangles, Washington County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-341, 1 Plate: 23.98 x 32.75 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72341.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 23.98 x 32.75 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":169232,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0341/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":402230,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0341/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Washington County","otherGeospatial":"Avella quadrangle, Steubenville East quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.51666666666667,40.25 ], [ -80.51666666666667,40.3675 ], [ -80.36749999999999,40.3675 ], [ -80.36749999999999,40.25 ], [ -80.51666666666667,40.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a2788","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schweinfurth, Stanley P.","contributorId":99123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schweinfurth","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":15001,"text":"ofr72256 - 1972 - Preliminary geologic map of the eastern Solomon and southeastern Bendeleben quadrangles, eastern Seward Peninsula, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-24T22:16:50.505652","indexId":"ofr72256","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-256","title":"Preliminary geologic map of the eastern Solomon and southeastern Bendeleben quadrangles, eastern Seward Peninsula, Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr72256","usgsCitation":"Miller, T.P., Grybeck, D., Elliott, R.L., and Hudson, T., 1972, Preliminary geologic map of the eastern Solomon and southeastern Bendeleben quadrangles, eastern Seward Peninsula, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-256, Report: 11 p.; 2 Plates: 14.36 × 29.40 inches and 23.19 × 14.54 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72256.","productDescription":"Report: 11 p.; 2 Plates: 14.36 × 29.40 inches and 23.19 × 14.54 inches","costCenters":[{"id":121,"text":"Alaska Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":148954,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0256/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":397588,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_8692.htm"},{"id":43829,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0256/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":43830,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0256/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":43831,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0256/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"eastern Solomon and southeastern Bendeleben quadrangles","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -163.5,\n 64.25\n ],\n [\n -162,\n 64.25\n ],\n [\n -162,\n 65.5\n ],\n [\n -163.5,\n 65.5\n ],\n [\n -163.5,\n 64.25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db674324","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Thomas P. tmiller@usgs.gov","contributorId":4183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Thomas","email":"tmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":121,"text":"Alaska Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":170392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grybeck, Donald","contributorId":8066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grybeck","given":"Donald","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elliott, Raymond L.","contributorId":82667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hudson, Travis","contributorId":90282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Travis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":12432,"text":"ofr724 - 1972 - A geochemical study of the Rio Pantanos area, Department of Antioquia, Colombia preliminary report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:33","indexId":"ofr724","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-4","title":"A geochemical study of the Rio Pantanos area, Department of Antioquia, Colombia preliminary report","docAbstract":"Geochemical sampling in the Western Cordillera has delineated an 18 km 2 area anomalous in copper, molybdenum, and silver. Highly anomalous metal contents are found in stream sediment, soil, and outcrop samples collected within this area. The area is underlain by intrusive granodiorite to quartz diorite that has porphyritic and granitoid phases. Most of the outcrop samples contain disseminated pyrite, chalcopyrite, and bornite. \r\n\r\nA geochemical reconnaissance sampling program in the Western Cordillera, formulated by Andros Jimeno V., Director, Instituto National de Investigaciones Geologico-Mineras (INGEOMINAS), and Earl M. Irving, U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) Chief of Party in Colombia, was carried out from 1969 to 1971 by geologists of the INGEOMINAS office in Medellin. This work was part of a cooperative program of INGEOMINAS and the USGS sponsored by the Government of Colombia and the Agency for International Development, U. S. Department of State. \r\n\r\nSeventeen generally east-trending traverses were completed across the Western Cordillera. These traverses, generally paralleling major drainages, cross the range at intervals of 10 to 30 km.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/ofr724","usgsCitation":"Alminas, H.V., and Mosier, E.L., 1972, A geochemical study of the Rio Pantanos area, Department of Antioquia, Colombia preliminary report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-4, iv, 34 leaves :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr724.","productDescription":"iv, 34 leaves :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144878,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0004/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":40672,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0004/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":40673,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0004/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":40674,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0004/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":40675,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0004/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":40676,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0004/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":40677,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0004/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae6db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alminas, Henry V.","contributorId":59783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alminas","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mosier, Elwin L.","contributorId":70374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mosier","given":"Elwin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":14348,"text":"ofr72195 - 1972 - Mineral deposits of the northwestern Hijaz quadrangle, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-02T21:09:30.652159","indexId":"ofr72195","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-195","title":"Mineral deposits of the northwestern Hijaz quadrangle, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"A reconnaissance of portions of the Northwestern Hijaz quadrangle in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was made during 1964 and 1965 as part of a mineral survey of the Precambrian crystalline rocks of the country. The survey is being made under the terms of an agreement between the Saudi Arabia Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources and the United States Geological Survey. Ancient gold and copper mines occur in the area, and deposits of iron minerals, chromite, copper minerals, asbestos, magnesite, gypsum, and glass sand have been discovered in recent years.
The land surface of the quadrangle consists of a narrow coastal plain, a mountainous belt, and a plateau. The mountainous bolt is made up of Precambrian rocks that include three major stratigraphic units separated by unconformities. The two older units are slightly metamorphosed and are intruded by plutonic rocks of many kinds. Granitic rocks predominate but intrusions of syenite, diorite, gabbro, and peridotite are known. Dikes are abundant throughout the mountainous area. The Precambrian rocks have been folded on north- to northwest-trending axes. A major northwest-striking wrench fault zone crosses the central portion of the quadrangle. North-, northeast-, and east-trending faults are locally prominent.
The plateau lies in the northeastern part of the quadrangle. It is made up of unmetamorphosed gently dipping sandstone of Paleozoic age overlain in part by flood basalts of Tertiary to Quaternary age. Sedimentary rocks of Miocene(?) age crop out in the coastal area.
Gold was mined in the area during the eighth and ninth centuries A. D. The ancient gold mines were reexamined in the 1930s but wore found to be too small and too low grade for mining. Exploration for minerals other than gold began in 1950.
The present work consisted of the examination of geological features that are potentially favorable for the presence of mineral deposits such as intrusive contacts, fault zones, quartz veins, and hydrothermally altered areas. Samples of wadi sediment were collected in areas that appeared most favorable. The samples were analyzed spectrographically for trace amounts of 27 elements to confirm the presence or absence of mineralization.
Massive magnetite bodies that range in size from a few hundred to a few thousand tons wore discovered in the course of the work as well as widely scattered traces of secondary copper minerals. The wadi samples disclosed several areas that contain from 5 to 10 times the average trace amounts of base metals and molybdenum; these areas should be prospected in more detail.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr72195","usgsCitation":"Johnson, R.F., and Trent, V.A., 1972, Mineral deposits of the northwestern Hijaz quadrangle, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-195, Report: 42 p.; 1 Figure: 40.89 x 40.24 inches; 1 Table: xiii, 11.64 x 7.75 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72195.","productDescription":"Report: 42 p.; 1 Figure: 40.89 x 40.24 inches; 1 Table: xiii, 11.64 x 7.75 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":427322,"rank":3,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0195/figure-1.pdf","text":"Figure 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":427321,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0195/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":427323,"rank":4,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0195/table-1.pdf","text":"Table 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":148340,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0195/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"500000","country":"Saudi Arabia","otherGeospatial":"Hijaz quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 35,\n 28\n ],\n [\n 35,\n 24\n ],\n [\n 39,\n 24\n ],\n [\n 39,\n 28\n ],\n [\n 35,\n 28\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publicComments":"SA(IR) 80","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db6359e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Robert Francis","contributorId":8864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"Francis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trent, Virgil A.","contributorId":47381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trent","given":"Virgil","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":16480,"text":"ofr72446 - 1972 - Interim results of geological investigations in the vicinity of the Ergani-Maden massive copper deposits near Maden, Elazig, Turkey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-17T17:28:42.262071","indexId":"ofr72446","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-446","title":"Interim results of geological investigations in the vicinity of the Ergani-Maden massive copper deposits near Maden, Elazig, Turkey","docAbstract":"As a result of geologic studies and geochemical reconnaissance by Griffitts, Albers, and brier in 1969 in the Ergani-Maden district of eastern Turkey, seven areas were recommended for more detailed investigation. Two of these, here termed Areas 1 and 2, were mapped geologically and sampled geochemically in June and July 1970 by .4. E. Weissenborn, U. S. Geological Survey, and Omer Oner and Metin Sengun, Mineral Research and Exploration Institute (MTA), an agency of the Turkish Government. This study was part of a mineral exploration and training project conducted by the U. S. Geological Survey in cooperation with MTA under the auspices of the Agency for International Development, U. S. Department of State. Mapping and sampling of four of the other areas was completed in August and September by Oner and Sengun, but this report concerns only Areas 1 and 2.
The geological environment in Areas 1 and 2 appears favorable for additional ore bodies of the Ergani-Maden type, which have been Turkey's most important producer of copper. Weak but distinct anomalies developed by the geochemical sampling in Area 1 adjacent to the Mihrap Dagi deposit suggest that other ore bodies maybe found along the northwesterly trend defined by the Mihrap Dagi, Arpa Meydan, Ana Yatak mines, and the Mizir Tepe prospect. Recommendations are made for 8 drill holes in Area 1 to test this possibility.
Two additional holes are also recommended in Arc.: 1. Two less pronounced anomalies were developed in Area 2.
Two drill holes are suggested to test them.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr72446","collaboration":"Mineral Research and Exploration Institute, Turkey","usgsCitation":"Weisseborn, A., Oner, O., and Sengun, M., 1972, Interim results of geological investigations in the vicinity of the Ergani-Maden massive copper deposits near Maden, Elazig, Turkey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-446, Report: ii, 39 p.; 6 Figures: 12.25 x 5.57 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72446.","productDescription":"Report: ii, 39 p.; 6 Figures: 12.25 x 5.57 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":484695,"rank":7,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0446/figure-12.pdf","text":"Figure 12","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":484693,"rank":5,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0446/figure-10.pdf","text":"Figure 10","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":484692,"rank":4,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0446/figure-9.pdf","text":"Figure 9","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":484691,"rank":3,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0446/figure-8.pdf","text":"Figure 8","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":484690,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0446/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":148761,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0446/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":484696,"rank":8,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0446/figure-13.pdf","text":"Figure 13","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":484694,"rank":6,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0446/figure-11.pdf","text":"Figure 11","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Turkey","otherGeospatial":"Elazig","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 39.34783873348857,\n 38.754961518480826\n ],\n [\n 39.338323106705076,\n 38.754961518480826\n ],\n [\n 39.338323106705076,\n 38.75488596976689\n ],\n [\n 39.34783873348857,\n 38.75488596976689\n ],\n [\n 39.34783873348857,\n 38.754961518480826\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 39.309658507047175,\n 38.71490098442894\n ],\n [\n 39.309658507047175,\n 38.7149008433162\n ],\n [\n 39.309659327362,\n 38.7149008433162\n ],\n [\n 39.309659327362,\n 38.71490098442894\n ],\n [\n 39.309658507047175,\n 38.71490098442894\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 39.27082563041051,\n 38.698301084754775\n ],\n [\n 39.271525937330495,\n 38.698301084754775\n ],\n [\n 39.271525937330495,\n 38.69830279748368\n ],\n [\n 39.27082563041051,\n 38.69830279748368\n ],\n [\n 39.27082563041051,\n 38.698301084754775\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 39.276329529053584,\n 38.70395093988748\n ],\n [\n 39.17298169190087,\n 38.70395093988748\n ],\n [\n 39.17298169190087,\n 38.63885750480196\n ],\n [\n 39.276329529053584,\n 38.63885750480196\n ],\n [\n 39.276329529053584,\n 38.70395093988748\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e0944","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weisseborn, A.E.","contributorId":61050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weisseborn","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oner, Omer","contributorId":46965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oner","given":"Omer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sengun, Metin","contributorId":50915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sengun","given":"Metin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":42212,"text":"ofr72458 - 1972 - A lithologic map of the New England states and eastern New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:02","indexId":"ofr72458","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-458","title":"A lithologic map of the New England states and eastern New York","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr72458","usgsCitation":"Zen, E., 1972, A lithologic map of the New England states and eastern New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-458, 1 map on 18 sheets, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72458.","productDescription":"1 map on 18 sheets","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":169220,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0458/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":79952,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0458/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":79953,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0458/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":79954,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0458/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":79955,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0458/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":79956,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0458/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":79970,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0458/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":79957,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0458/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":79958,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0458/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":79959,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0458/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":79960,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0458/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":79961,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0458/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":79962,"rank":410,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0458/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":79963,"rank":411,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0458/plate-12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":79964,"rank":412,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0458/plate-13.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":79965,"rank":413,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0458/plate-14.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":79966,"rank":414,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0458/plate-15.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":79967,"rank":415,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0458/plate-16.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":79968,"rank":416,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0458/plate-17.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":79969,"rank":417,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0458/plate-18.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"250000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae271","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zen, E-an","contributorId":38564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zen","given":"E-an","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":226097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":65,"text":"wsp1889 - 1972 - Geology and water resources of the Bitterroot Valley, southwestern Montana, with a section on chemical quality of water","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":57741,"text":"ofr68344 - 1968 - Geology and water resources of the Bitterroot Valley, Montana","indexId":"ofr68344","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and water resources of the Bitterroot Valley, Montana"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":65,"text":"wsp1889 - 1972 - Geology and water resources of the Bitterroot Valley, southwestern Montana, with a section on chemical quality of water","indexId":"wsp1889","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and water resources of the Bitterroot Valley, southwestern Montana, with a section on chemical quality of water"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-16T22:02:07.313984","indexId":"wsp1889","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1889","title":"Geology and water resources of the Bitterroot Valley, southwestern Montana, with a section on chemical quality of water","docAbstract":"The Bitterroot Valley is a Late Cretaceous structural basin that was partly filled at its deepest point by more than 1,640 feet of Tertiary sediments. These sediments grade valleyward from coarse colluvial deposits along the edges of the valley to fine-grained deposits and then to coarse channel deposits of the ancestral Bitterroot River near the center of the valley. Beneath the flood plain and low terraces of the present Bitterroot River, about 40 feet of Quaternary alluvium overlies the Tertiary sediments. \n\nEach spring and summer, at rates greatly exceeding discharge, water infiltrates to the ground-water reservoir in the Tertiary and Quaternary rocks. During the fall and winter, water is released from storage. Net recharge in the spring of 1958 and 1959 was about 90,000 and 82,000 acre-feet, relatively. Net discharge during the rest of each year was about 90,000 and 76,000 acre-feet, respectively. \n\nSome surface water available for recharge during high runoff each rejected. During the 1958 and 1959 water years, total surface-water inflow about 1.7 million and 2.0 million acre-feet, respectively. Consumptive use during these water years was about 450,000 and' 400,000 acre-feet, respectively. Move pumping from the ground-water reservoir would provide additional storage space for peak runoff and would increase the potential consumptive use in the valley. \n\nAdditional wells, capable of yielding more than 250 gpm (gallons per minute), can be constructed on the flood plain of the Bitterroot River and on some of the adjacent low terraces, especially those east of the river. Near Corvallis, on a low terrace, wells capable of yielding 1,000 gpm or more can be constructed. Wells capable of yielding 50 to 250 gpm can be constructed on many of the alluvial fans of the tributary streams. In the remaining area, wells will generally yield only enough water for domestic and stock use. \n\nFrom the hydrologic standpoint, the best use of ground water for irrigation is conjunctive use with surface water. Surface water is adequate early in the season and can be distributed throughout the area. As shortages occur, ground water can be used in areas where it is available in sufficient quantity, allowing the surface water to be used in areas of shortage where ground water is not available.\n\nWater in the Bitterroot Valley is of satisfactory chemical quality for domestic, stock, municipal, and most industrial uses. Surface water is softer, as a rule, and contains less dissolved solids than the ground water. Streams heading in the Sapphire Mountains are more mineralized than those heading in the Bitterroot Mountains. Bitterroot River water in October 1955 was about twice as mineralized at Florence, near the outlet of the valley, as it was at Darby, near the inlet, but the difference is not significant in relation to .the usefulness of the water.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1889","usgsCitation":"McMurtrey, R.G., Konizeski, R.L., Johnson, M.V., Bartells, J.H., and Swenson, H.A., 1972, Geology and water resources of the Bitterroot Valley, southwestern Montana, with a section on chemical quality of water: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1889, Report: vi, 80 p.; 1 Plate: 23.00 x 29.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1889.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 80 p.; 1 Plate: 23.00 x 29.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":24695,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1889/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":24694,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1889/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137251,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1889/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":110029,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25107.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"25107"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Bitterroot Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.25,\n 46.662\n ],\n [\n -114.25,\n 45.966\n ],\n [\n -113.892,\n 45.966\n ],\n [\n -113.892,\n 46.662\n ],\n [\n -114.25,\n 46.662\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67ea5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMurtrey, R. G.","contributorId":36913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMurtrey","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":141902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Konizeski, Richard L.","contributorId":80248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konizeski","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":892473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, M. V.","contributorId":95476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":892474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bartells, John H.","contributorId":54240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartells","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":892475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Swenson, H. A.","contributorId":58618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swenson","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":141903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":6363,"text":"pp698 - 1972 - Petrographic and chemical reconnaissance study of some granitic and gneissic rocks near the San Andreas fault from Bodega Head to Cajon Pass, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-07T11:20:43","indexId":"pp698","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"698","title":"Petrographic and chemical reconnaissance study of some granitic and gneissic rocks near the San Andreas fault from Bodega Head to Cajon Pass, California","docAbstract":"This petrographic and chemical study is based on reconnaissance sampling of granitic and related gneissic rock in the California Coast and Transverse Ranges. In the Coast Ranges, granitic rocks are restricted to an elongate belt, the Salinian block, between the San Andreas and Sur-Nacimiento fault zones. These rocks have a considerable compositional range, but are dominantly quartz monzonite and granodiorite. Moist of the Salinian block seems to be a structurally coherent basement block of chemically related granitic rocks. However, on both the east and the west sides of the block, gneiss crops out in abundance; these rocks may be structurally separate from the main part of the Salinian block. In the Transverse Ranges, the granitic and related rocks are dominantly of granodiorite composition, and in many areas granitic and gneissic rocks are intimately intermixed.
Chemically the rocks of the California Coast and Transverse Ranges are somewhat intermediate in character between those of the east-central part of the Sierra Nevada batholith and those of the western part of the Sierra Nevada batholith and the southern California batholith. Probably the closest similarity is to the east-central Sierra Nevada rocks, but the rocks of the Coast and Transverse Ranges are somewhat higher in Al2O3 and lower in K2O than Sierran rocks of the comparable SiO2 content.
Granitic basement rocks of the Salinian block are now anomalously sandwiched between Franciscan terranes. The petrographic and chemical data are compatible with the concept that the Salinian rocks were originally part of the great batholithic belt along the west coast, which is exemplified by the Sierra Nevada hatholith. It also seems most likely that the Salinian block was transported from somewhere south of the Sierra Nevada batholith by large-scale right-lateral movement along the San Andreas fault zone.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/pp698","usgsCitation":"Ross, D.C., 1972, Petrographic and chemical reconnaissance study of some granitic and gneissic rocks near the San Andreas fault from Bodega Head to Cajon Pass, California: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 698, Report: v, 92 p.; 2 Plates: 48.04 x 36.66 inches and 48.51 x 19.37 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp698.","productDescription":"Report: v, 92 p.; 2 Plates: 48.04 x 36.66 inches and 48.51 x 19.37 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121634,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0698/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":33731,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0698/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":33732,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0698/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":33733,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0698/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124,\n 32\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 32\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -124,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -124,\n 32\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688138","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ross, Donald C.","contributorId":146987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2630,"text":"wsp1880C - 1972 - Summary of floods in the United States during 1967","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-02T13:25:31","indexId":"wsp1880C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1880","chapter":"C","title":"Summary of floods in the United States during 1967","docAbstract":"This report describes the most outstanding floods in the United States during 1967. The two most destructive floods occurred in August in east-central Alaska and in September and October in southern Texas. In east-central Alaska, heavy rain on August 8-17 produced record-breaking floods near Fairbanks. Peak discharges on some streams in the area were from two to four times the 50-yea.r flood. Flood damage was estimated to have been $85 million, and six lives were lost. Torrential rains produced by Hurricane Beulah caused record-breaking floods on many streams in a 50,000-square-mile area in southern Texas and northeastern Mexico in September and October. As much as 25.5 inches of rain was measured at ESSA Weather Bureau stations in the period September 19-25. Major flooding occurred in the basins of the Guadalupe, San Antonio, Mission, Arkansas, and Nueces Rivers and in many small coastal basins in Texas ; on the Rio Grande and its floodways ; and in the Rio Alamo and Rio San Juan basins in Mexico. Peak discharges at several sites in Texas were more than three times the magnitude of a 50-year flood. Total damage in Texas due to wind, rain, stream flooding, sheet flow, ponding, and tidal flooding was $167 million. In addition to the two floods mentioned above, 27 others of lesser magnitude are considered important enough to be included in this annual flood summary.
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States\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6992ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rostvedt, J.O.","contributorId":24757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rostvedt","given":"J.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1131,"text":"wsp1880A - 1972 - Floods of August 1967 in east-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-02T18:25:42.243603","indexId":"wsp1880A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1880","chapter":"A","title":"Floods of August 1967 in east-central Alaska","docAbstract":"East-central Alaska had record floods near Fairbanks following extensive rains of August 8-20, 1967. Precipitation during this period totaled as much as 10 inches, which is close to the average annual precipitation for this area. \r\n\r\nThe most extensive flooding occurred in the White Mountains northeast of Fairbanks and along the major streams draining those mountains. Some of the major streams flooded were the Salcha, Chena, Chatanika, Tolovana, and lower Tanana Rivers, and Birch Creek west of Circle. \r\n\r\nPeak discharges on some streams in the flood area were from two to four times the probable 50-year flood. The peak discharge of 74,400 cubic feet per second of the Chena River at Fairbanks, from 1,980 square miles of drainage area, was 2.6 times the 50-year flood. \r\n\r\nThe rise of ground-water levels in the Tanana River flood plain to the land surface during the flood caused foundation failures and prevented drainage of subsurface structures. Above-normal ground-water levels existed until the middle of September. \r\n\r\nTotal flood damage was estimated in excess of $85 million. Six lives were reported lost, and about 12,000 persons were evacuated during the flood. This report has been prepared to furnish hydrologic data for development planning. Included are discussions of antecedent streamflow, meteorology of the storm, descriptions of floods, flood damage, flood frequency, ground-water conditions, and stages and discharges of major streams for August 1967.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1880A","usgsCitation":"Childers, J.M., Meckel, J.P., and Anderson, G.S., 1972, Floods of August 1967 in east-central Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1880, Report: vi, 77 p.; 2 Plates: 31.00 x 24.29 inches and 40.00 x 24.14 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1880A.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 77 p.; 2 Plates: 31.00 x 24.29 inches and 40.00 x 24.14 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411246,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25104.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":25910,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1880a/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25909,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1880a/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25911,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1880a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137946,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1880a/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Fairbanks","otherGeospatial":"White Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -147.976,\n 64.872\n ],\n [\n -147.976,\n 64.777\n ],\n [\n -147.5,\n 64.777\n ],\n [\n -147.5,\n 64.872\n ],\n [\n -147.976,\n 64.872\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dae4b07f02db5e052d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Childers, Joseph M.","contributorId":14379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Childers","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meckel, James P.","contributorId":54174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meckel","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Gary S.","contributorId":36534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":2573,"text":"wsp2003 - 1972 - Availability of ground water for irrigation from glacial outwash in the Perham area, Otter Tail County, Minnesota","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":55927,"text":"ofr69216 - 1969 - Ground water for irrigation in the Perhem area, Otter Tail County, west-central Minnesota","indexId":"ofr69216","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"title":"Ground water for irrigation in the Perhem area, Otter Tail County, west-central Minnesota"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2573,"text":"wsp2003 - 1972 - Availability of ground water for irrigation from glacial outwash in the Perham area, Otter Tail County, Minnesota","indexId":"wsp2003","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"title":"Availability of ground water for irrigation from glacial outwash in the Perham area, Otter Tail County, Minnesota"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-19T11:04:32","indexId":"wsp2003","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003","title":"Availability of ground water for irrigation from glacial outwash in the Perham area, Otter Tail County, Minnesota","docAbstract":"The Perham study area includes about 350 square miles of surficial deposits of glacial outwash in the central part of Otter Tail County in west-central Minnesota. The aquifer characteristics have a wide range, as follows: Transmissivity values range from nearly 0 along the perimeter of the area to more than 100,000 gallons per day per foot in the central parts of the area; storage coefficient values range from 0.1 to 0.2; and the saturated thickness of the upper outwash material ranges from nearly 0 to more than 100 feet. Most of the aquifer material is fairly well sorted and is in the particle-size range of fine to coarse sand.
\nWells penetrating the full thickness of the aquifer and developed to 100 percent efficiency can be expected to yield 1,200 gallons per minute for 30 days and to have drawdowns of less than two-thirds the aquifer thickness in much of the area; however, well yields vary widely within short distances. Yields of 300 gallons per minute or less can be expected from wells drilled near the edges of the area and in the general area east and southeast of Otter Tail Lake.
\nResults from the mathematical analyses show that the amount of streamflow leaving the area will not be depleted within the 10-year analysis period, if not more than 6 inches of water per year is used on all the irrigable land in the outwash area. If pumpage and its effects on the streams is assumed to be prorated proportionately along the full length of the streams within the area, then the levels of lakes along these streams generally will not be lowered appreciably. However, owing to the heterogeneity of the aquifer and the other variable factors involved, some reaches of the streams may cease to flow when full ground-water development is approached, which, in turn, would result in a decline in some lake levels. Lakes and ponds not connected to streams in the area are expected to be lowered considerably or to be dried up completely as pumping becomes more extensive in years to come.
\nIf irrigation wells and other large-yield wells in the study area are spaced 1 mile or more away from streams and lakes, the effect of ground-water pumping on the streams will be small, and the lake levels will be affected very little. However, the lakes and ponds are expected to approach normal levels during periods of above-normal precipitation and during periods of no pumping.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp2003","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the West Central Minnesota Resource Conservation and Development Committee and the Minnesota Department of Conservation, Division of Waters, Soils, and Minerals","usgsCitation":"Reeder, H.O., 1972, Availability of ground water for irrigation from glacial outwash in the Perham area, Otter Tail County, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2003, Document: v, 45 p.; 3 Plates: 34 x 26 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2003.","productDescription":"Document: v, 45 p.; 3 Plates: 34 x 26 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":28845,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2003/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28846,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2003/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28847,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2003/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28844,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2003/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138131,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2003/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","county":"Otter Tail County","otherGeospatial":"Perham area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.95,\n 46.7\n ],\n [\n -95.95,\n 46.166667\n ],\n [\n -95.35,\n 46.166667\n ],\n [\n -95.35,\n 46.7\n ],\n [\n -95.95,\n 46.7\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667dbf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reeder, Harold O.","contributorId":14381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeder","given":"Harold","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1786,"text":"wsp1999I - 1972 - Water for cranberry culture in the Cranmoor area of central Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-02T13:26:50","indexId":"wsp1999I","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1999","chapter":"I","title":"Water for cranberry culture in the Cranmoor area of central Wisconsin","docAbstract":"The Cranmoor area of central Wisconsin is the principal cranberry producing area of the State. Cranberries are grown in only about 2.5 square miles of an 80-square-mile marsh and swamp in the Cranberry Creek basin. Cranberry growers have built reservoirs and ditches throughout 25 square miles of marsh for better management of the area's natural water supply. Additional water is diverted into the basin to supplement the cranberry needs. In the 1966-67 hydrologic budget for Cranberry Creek basin, annual inputs were 27.8 inches of precipitation, 3.8 inches of surface-water diversion into the basin, and 1.1 inches decrease in stored water. Annual outputs were. 20.8 inches of evapotranspiration, 11.7 inches of runoff, and 0.2 inch of groundwater outflow. During the 1966-67 period, precipitation averaged about 3 inches per year below normal. The water used for cranberry culture is almost exclusively surface water. Efficient management of the basin's water supply, plus intermittent diversions of about 100 cubic feet per second from outside the basin, provide cranberry growers with a sufficient quantity of water. Although the quantity of surface water is adequate, the pH (generally 5.7-6.7) is slightly high for optimum use. Dissolved oxygen is slightly low, generally between 4 and 10 milligrams per liter. The water is soft; iron and manganese contents vary seasonally, being high in winter and summer and low in spring. Additional supplies of surface water can be obtained by increasing diversions from outside the basin and by increasing reservoir capacity within the basin. Ground water, although not presently used for cranberries, is available in the central, southern, and eastern parts of the basin, where the thickness of the saturated alluvium exceeds 50 feet. Well yields in these areas might be as much as 1,000 gpm (gallons per minute). Additionally, well yields of as much as 1,000 gpm may be expected from saturated alluvium southeast of Cranberry Creek basin. Where saturated alluvium is less than 50 feet thick, in the northern and western parts of the basin, well yields generally are less than 50 gpm. Ground water is also available from sandstone in the western part of the basin. Where the sandstone is thickest (about 60 ft.), well yields may be as much as 200 gpm. The quality of ground water is similar to that of surface water. The pH of water from the shallow alluvium ranges between 6.0 and 6,6; the pH of water from the deep alluvium is about 7.0. Ground water is soft to moderately hard, 22 to 88 milligrams per liter, and contains excessive amounts of iron and manganese.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to the hydrology of the United States","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1999I","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with University Extension-the University of Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, L.J., 1972, Water for cranberry culture in the Cranmoor area of central Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1999, Report: iii, 20 p.; 2 Plates: 34.50 x 24.00 inches and 17.00 x 27.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1999I.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 20 p.; 2 Plates: 34.50 x 24.00 inches and 17.00 x 27.00 inches","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":138497,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1999i/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26922,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1999i/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26923,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1999i/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26921,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1999i/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","city":"Cranmoor","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.3131103515625,\n 44.50825885600572\n ],\n [\n -90.450439453125,\n 44.308126684886126\n ],\n [\n -90.3570556640625,\n 44.05601169578525\n ],\n [\n -90.164794921875,\n 44.07969327425713\n ],\n [\n -90.02197265625,\n 44.24126379833979\n ],\n [\n -89.9615478515625,\n 44.296332880058706\n ],\n [\n -89.9176025390625,\n 44.37098696297173\n ],\n [\n -89.945068359375,\n 44.46123053905882\n ],\n [\n -90.0164794921875,\n 44.53175879707938\n ],\n [\n -90.142822265625,\n 44.57873024377564\n ],\n [\n -90.3131103515625,\n 44.50825885600572\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48d1e4b07f02db547e08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, Louis J.","contributorId":53768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"Louis","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":13911,"text":"ofr72146 - 1972 - Complete Bouguer gravity map of eastern Puerto Rico and principal facts for gravity stations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-30T20:29:01.79362","indexId":"ofr72146","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-146","title":"Complete Bouguer gravity map of eastern Puerto Rico and principal facts for gravity stations","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr72146","usgsCitation":"Griscom, A., 1972, Complete Bouguer gravity map of eastern Puerto Rico and principal facts for gravity stations: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-146, Report: 21 p.; 1 Plate: 55.37 x 47.89 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72146.","productDescription":"Report: 21 p.; 1 Plate: 55.37 x 47.89 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":493217,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_8677.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":42555,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0146/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":42554,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0146/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":145412,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0146/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"60000","country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Puerto Rico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -66.25,\n 18.486\n ],\n [\n -66.25,\n 17.9\n ],\n [\n -65.574,\n 17.9\n ],\n [\n -65.574,\n 18.486\n ],\n [\n -66.25,\n 18.486\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a886a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Griscom, Andrew","contributorId":23520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griscom","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3610,"text":"cir676 - 1972 - Estimated use of water in the United States in 1970","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-09T13:34:34","indexId":"cir676","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"676","title":"Estimated use of water in the United States in 1970","docAbstract":"Estimates of water use in the United States in 1970 indicate that an average of about 370 bgd (billion gallons per day)about 1,800 gallons per capita per day--was withdrawn for the four principal off-channel uses which are (1) public-supply (for domestic, commercial, and industrial uses), (2) rural (domestic and livestock), (3) irrigation, and (4) self-supplied industrial (including thermoelectric power). In 1970, withdrawals for these uses exceeded by 19 percent the 310 bgd estimated for 1965. Increases in the various categories of off-channel water use since 1965 were: approximately 25 percent for self-supplied industry (mainly in electric-utility thermoelectric plants), 13 percent for public supplies, 13 percent for rural supplies, and 8 percent for irrigation. Industrial water withdrawals included 54 bgd of saline water, a 20 percent increase in 5 years. The fifth principal withdrawal use, hydroelectric power (an in-channel use), amounted to 2,800 bgd, a 5-year increase of 22 percent. In computing total withdrawals, recycling within a plant (reuse) is not counted, but withdrawal of the same water by a downstream user (cumulative withdrawals) is counted. The quantity of fresh water consumed--that is, water made unavailable for further possible withdrawal because of evaporation, incorporation in crops and manufactured products, and other causes--was estimated to average 87 bgd for 1970, an increase of about 12 percent since 1965.
\nEstimates of water withdrawn from the principal sources indicated that 68 bgd came from fresh ground water, l bgd came from saline ground water, 250 bgd came from fresh surface water, 53 bgd came from saline surface water, and 0.5 bgd was reclaimed sewage.
\nThe average annual streamflow--simplified measure of the total available water supply--is approximately 1,200 bgd in the conterminous United States. Total water withdrawn in 1970 for off-channel uses (withdrawals other than for hydroelectric power) amounted to about 30 percent of the average annual streamflow: 7 percent of the 1,200 bgd basic supply was consumed. However, comparisons of Water Resources Council regions indicate that the rate of withdrawal was higher than the locally dependable supply in the Middle Atlantic, Texas-Gulf, Rio Grande, Lower Colorado, and California-South Pacific regions. Consumption amounted to nearly 25 percent of withdrawals in the conterminous United States; however, fresh-water consumption amounted to only 14 percent of off-channel withdrawals in the 31 Eastern States and ranged from 30 percent to nearly 70 percent of off-channel withdrawals in the Water Resources Council regions in the West. In the Rio Grande and Lower Colorado regions, fresh-water consumption in 1970 exceeded the estimated dependable supply of fresh water.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir676","usgsCitation":"Murray, C.R., and Reeves, E.B., 1972, Estimated use of water in the United States in 1970: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 676, vi, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir676.","productDescription":"vi, 37 p.","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124432,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1972/0676/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30646,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1972/0676/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cfe4b07f02db5461a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murray, Charles Richard","contributorId":34115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"Richard","affiliations":[{"id":36966,"text":"Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":147252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reeves, E. Bodette","contributorId":100366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Bodette","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":19702,"text":"ofr72211 - 1972 - Palynological investigations in the Pennsylvanian of Kentucky - VII","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":19702,"text":"ofr72211 - 1972 - Palynological investigations in the Pennsylvanian of Kentucky - VII","indexId":"ofr72211","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"title":"Palynological investigations in the Pennsylvanian of Kentucky - VII"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":6135,"text":"pp839 - 1973 - Palynological studies of the coals of the Princess Reserve District in northeastern Kentucky","indexId":"pp839","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"title":"Palynological studies of the coals of the Princess Reserve District in northeastern Kentucky"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":6135,"text":"pp839 - 1973 - Palynological studies of the coals of the Princess Reserve District in northeastern Kentucky","indexId":"pp839","publicationYear":"1973","noYear":false,"title":"Palynological studies of the coals of the Princess Reserve District in northeastern Kentucky"},"lastModifiedDate":"2026-05-27T13:37:26.842374","indexId":"ofr72211","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"72-211","title":"Palynological investigations in the Pennsylvanian of Kentucky - VII","docAbstract":"This is the seventh open-file report concerned primarily with palynological analyses of Pennsylvanian coals, shales, and underclays. It is part of the cooperative mapping project between Kentucky and the U. S. Geological Survey.
This report contains palynological analyses of samples from Wise, Norton, Appalachia, and Keokee quadrangles in Virginia as well as from Roxana, Benham, Pennington Gap, Louellen, Williamsburg, and Saxton quadrangles of eastern Kentucky. Two sets of samples were examined from localities in the Jellico West quadrangle of Tennessee, and four sets-of samples were examined from South Hill and Cromwell quadrangles of western Kentucky. A total of 138 samples have been run and more than 13,250 specimens identified and counted.
All analyses completed since the release of Open-file Report VI are included in this report. Other reports will be placed in open-file when they are completed and released for general use.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr72211","usgsCitation":"Kosanke, R.M., 1972, Palynological investigations in the Pennsylvanian of Kentucky - VII: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 72-211, 41 leaves ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr72211.","productDescription":"41 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":504707,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0211/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":153866,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1972/0211/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db68987c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kosanke, Robert M.","contributorId":29811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kosanke","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70206730,"text":"70206730 - 1972 - Hawaiian-emperor chain and its relation to cenozoic circumpacific tectonics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-19T07:48:26","indexId":"70206730","displayToPublicDate":"1972-12-31T07:43:57","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hawaiian-emperor chain and its relation to cenozoic circumpacific tectonics","docAbstract":"The Hawaiian Ridge and Emperor Seamounts appear to form a single chain of tholeiitic shield volcanoes that erupted sequentially on the sea floor of the central Pacific Ocean during Tertiary and Quaternary time. The chain cuts obliquely across the older Cretaceous structural patterns of that sea floor. While the pattern of the chain as a whole is linear, the individual volcanoes lie on short, sigmoidal, en echelon loci that are subparallel with respect to each other and that may represent extensional features in the crust and upper mantle. In general, the order of eurption progressed from northwest to southeaśt along the chain, but the rate of progression of volcanism along individual loci is nonlinear where best studied in the southeastern part of the chain. Furthermore, simultaneous eruptions appear to have occurred within a distance along the chain of about 200 to 400 km. The available data are consistent with a genesis related to the motion of the Pacific crust over a melting spot in the mantle. This melting spot, which may be due to either excess heat or pressure release, appears to have a diameter of about 300 km and is presently centered slightly north of the island of Hawaii. We concur with the idea that the bend in the Hawaiian-Emperor chain probably reflects a significant change in the motion of the Pacific plate. Our best estimate of the age of the Hawaiian-Emperor bend, based on the existing radiometric data, is 24.6 ± 2.5 m.y., which correlates with a time of increased tectonic activity in the western Pacific island arcs and along the northern and eastern boundaries of the Pacific plate. The vector change in the motion of the Pacific plate (with respect to the melting spot) that is required to produce the bend is about 12 cm/yr in a west-southwest-ward direction. © 1972, The Geological Society of America, Inc.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1972)83[601:HCAIRT]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Jackson, E., Silver, E.A., and Dalrymple, G.B., 1972, Hawaiian-emperor chain and its relation to cenozoic circumpacific tectonics: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 83, no. 3, p. 601-618, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1972)83[601:HCAIRT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"18 p. 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\"}}]}","volume":"83","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jackson, E.D.","contributorId":99524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Silver, E. A.","contributorId":18491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silver","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dalrymple, G. B.","contributorId":10407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalrymple","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70197654,"text":"70197654 - 1972 - Paleomagnetic correlations and Potassium-Argon dating of Middle Tertiary ash-flow sheets in the eastern Great Basin, Nevada and Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-15T11:38:42","indexId":"70197654","displayToPublicDate":"1972-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleomagnetic correlations and Potassium-Argon dating of Middle Tertiary ash-flow sheets in the eastern Great Basin, Nevada and Utah","docAbstract":"Directions of natural remanent magnetization are used to identify and correlate individual cooling units in the middle Tertiary ash-flow province in central and eastern Nevada and western Utah. Potassium-argon dating indicates that the minimum time between eruptions of individual but genetically related ash-flow cooling units is on the order of 0.8 m.y. As this interval is long in comparison with the secular variation of the direction of the geomagnetic field, in a given volcanic province the direction of natural thermoremanent magnetization is a unique characteristic of each cooling unit. Ash-flow sheets investigated include the Stone Cabin Formation, the tuff of Pancake Summit, the Windous Butte Formation, the Needles Range Formation, the Bates Mountain Tuff, and the tuff of Clipper Gap, of Oliogcene to early Miocene age. The original areas of individual ash-flow cooling units are as great as 8,000 km2; the volumes, 1,300 km3. The paleomagnetic correlations, made over distances up to 200 km, confirm most of the previously made lithologic correlations and allow more accurate delineation of single cooling units. These correlations are particularly useful in those parts of the Basin and Range province where the Tertiary stratigraphic section consists mainly of ash-flow sheets, and the outcrops are confined to mountain ranges that are separated by alluvium-filled valleys.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1972)83[1619:PCAPDO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Grommé, C., McKee, E., and Blake, M.C., 1972, Paleomagnetic correlations and Potassium-Argon dating of Middle Tertiary ash-flow sheets in the eastern Great Basin, Nevada and Utah: GSA Bulletin, v. 83, no. 6, p. 1619-1638, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1972)83[1619:PCAPDO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1619","endPage":"1638","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355073,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada, Utah","volume":"83","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grommé, C. S.","contributorId":38558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grommé","given":"C. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKee, E.H.","contributorId":20736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"E.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blake, M. Clark Jr.","contributorId":56675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blake","given":"M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"Clark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5223308,"text":"5223308 - 1972 - Eastward migration of blue-winged teal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-21T16:54:53.760943","indexId":"5223308","displayToPublicDate":"1972-10-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Eastward migration of blue-winged teal","docAbstract":"Of 3,789 recoveries of blue-winged teal (Anas discors) banded prior to the hunting season in the prairie pothole region, 183 (4.8 percent) were recovered, due east in New England, Ontario, Quebec, and the Maritime Provinces during the subsequent hunting season. Of 19 recoveries looked at in detail, all were banded as either hatching-year (flying young) or local (flightless young) birds. A blue-winged teal banded in Minnesota in September was retrapped in October in South Carolina, before being shot later that month in Colombia, South America.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3799262","usgsCitation":"Sharp, B., 1972, Eastward migration of blue-winged teal: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 36, no. 4, p. 1273-1277, https://doi.org/10.2307/3799262.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1273","endPage":"1277","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199687,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"North Dakota, Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Alberta, Saskatchewan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.1520732984464,\n 59.92509917759563\n ],\n [\n -120.1690210759753,\n 53.861418873618376\n ],\n [\n -114.30334555422223,\n 49.729112484974586\n ],\n [\n -103.89236975427357,\n 45.747832694335045\n ],\n [\n -97.466221646018,\n 45.75362612194698\n ],\n [\n -96.3112252567795,\n 43.66239757659807\n ],\n [\n -90.47288416474126,\n 43.623425078704315\n ],\n [\n -92.64696983604352,\n 46.08348138659872\n ],\n [\n -89.99666740104907,\n 47.88552887744924\n ],\n [\n -94.73762141579002,\n 49.07380418744488\n ],\n [\n -101.43958666144323,\n 49.24157507682183\n ],\n [\n -102.70581818256466,\n 59.65559957942301\n ],\n [\n -120.1520732984464,\n 59.92509917759563\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627f15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sharp, Brian","contributorId":34606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharp","given":"Brian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70197181,"text":"70197181 - 1972 - Paleomagnetism and potassium-argon ages of the Sonoma Volcanics, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-18T16:05:52","indexId":"70197181","displayToPublicDate":"1972-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleomagnetism and potassium-argon ages of the Sonoma Volcanics, California","docAbstract":"Paleomagnetic data and potassium-argon ages indicate that the Sonoma Volcanics was erupted during the Pliocene Gilbert reversed and Gauss normal polarity epochs. The Gilbert reversed epoch is represented in the Howell Mountains east of Napa and east of St. Helena, in the mountains immediately east of the Valley of the Moon, and on the hill just north of Santa Rosa. The Gauss normal epoch is represented by the rocks from Mount St. Helena and possibly by the flows from the upper part of Sonoma Mountain and the rhyolite flows north of Sonoma. The age of the volcanic rocks ranges from 5.3 m.y. to about 2.9 m.y. Volcanic rocks approximately 11.8 m.y. old occur at Burdell Mountain northwest of Novato. This volcanic sequence is probably part of the Tolay Volcanics of the Petaluma area.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1972)83[2063:PAPAOT]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Mankinen, E.A., 1972, Paleomagnetism and potassium-argon ages of the Sonoma Volcanics, California: GSA Bulletin, v. 83, no. 7, p. 2063-2072, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1972)83[2063:PAPAOT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2063","endPage":"2072","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354349,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sonoma Volcanics","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122,\n 38.0833\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 38.0833\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 38.75\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 38.75\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 38.0833\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"83","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff592be4b0da30c1bfdd35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mankinen, Edward A. 0000-0001-7496-2681 emank@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7496-2681","contributorId":1054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mankinen","given":"Edward","email":"emank@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":735926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}