The exposure of aquatic life to organochlorine contaminants has been investigated during the past two decades because of human and ecosystem health concerns related to the bioaccumulation of hazardous, lipophilic substances. The toxic effects of polychlorodibenzo-12-dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are well known, and recent evidence also suggests that low level exposure to lipophilic organochlorines may interfere with normal development during sensitive early life history stages (Hileman 1993). As the use of lipophilic organochlorines, such as DDT, in third world countries continues and with the purported global cycling (Bidleman and Olney 1974; Tanabe et al. 1983) and food chain accumulation (Thomann and Connoly 1984, Thomann 1989) of persistent organochlodnes, the occurrence of these compounds in aquatic organisms is a critical global environmental issue. An understanding of the fate of organochlorines in the environment clearly remains an extremely important subject related to water quality.
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has recently gained congressional approval in the United States to track nation wide trends in water quality through the establishment of the National Water Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA). Among the goals defined by NAWQA, aquatic organisms, including fish, shellfish, and plants, collected from major drainage basins will be analyzed for, along with other contaminants, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine insecticides, and chlorobenzenes (Crawford and Luoma 1992). The purpose of this report is to present quality assurance data obtained from the development of a PCB, chlorobenzene, and organochlorine insecticide tissue analysis method in support of NAWQA and other large-scale water quality programs conducted
through our laboratory.
Understanding and predicting global change is a major scientific focus of the late 20th century. Although atmospheric scientists have made substantial progress in developing models that account for many components of the climate system, significant progress is needed in understanding processes associated with the exchange of water, energy, and carbon between terrestrial systems and the atmosphere.
To strengthen terrestrial process research, especially research associated with the interactions of water, energy, gases, nutrients, and vegetation, the U.S. Geological Survey initiated an intensive study of Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Budgets (WEBB). WEBB is aimed at improving understanding of processes controlling terrestrial water, energy, and biogeochemical fluxes, their interactions, and their relations to climatic variables; and the ability to predict continental water, energy, and biogeochemical budgets over a range of spatial and temporal scales.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/94EO01063","usgsCitation":"Lins, H.F., 1994, Recent directions taken in water, energy, and biogeochemical budgets research: Eos, Earth and Space Science News, v. 75, no. 38, p. 433-439, https://doi.org/10.1029/94EO01063.","productDescription":"7 p. ","startPage":"433","endPage":"439","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339752,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"38","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f1e0cce4b08144348b7e45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lins, Harry F. 0000-0001-5385-9247 hlins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5385-9247","contributorId":1505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lins","given":"Harry","email":"hlins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":691077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185392,"text":"70185392 - 1994 - Variations in water balance and recharge potential at three western desert sites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-27T10:17:21","indexId":"70185392","displayToPublicDate":"1994-09-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3420,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variations in water balance and recharge potential at three western desert sites","docAbstract":"Radioactive and hazardous waste landfills exist at numerous desert locations in the USA. At these locations, annual precipitation is low and soils are generally dry, yet little is known about recharge of water and transport of contaminants to the water table. Recent water balance measurements made at three desert locations, Las Cruces, NM, Beatty, NV, and the U.S. Department of Energy's Hanford Site in the state of Washington, provide information on recharge potential under three distinctly different climate and soil conditions. All three sites show water storage increases with time when soils are coarse textured and plants are removed from the surface, the rate of increase being influenced by climatic variables such as precipitation, radiation, temperature, and wind. Lysimeter data from Hanford and Las Cruces indicate that deep drainage (recharge) from bare, sandy soils can range from 10 to >50% of the annual precipitation. At Hanford, when desert plants are present on sandy or gravelly surface soils, deep drainage is reduced but not eliminated. When surface soils are silt loams, deep drainage is eliminated whether plants are present or not. At Las Cruces and Beatty, the presence of plants eliminated deep drainage at the measurement sites. Differences in water balance between sites are attributed to precipitation quantity and distribution and to soil and vegetation types. The implication for waste management at desert locations is that surface soil properties and plant characteristics must be considered in waste site design in order to minimize recharge potential.
","language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society of America","doi":"10.2136/sssaj1994.03615995005800010009x","usgsCitation":"Gee, G., Wierenga, P., Andraski, B.J., Young, M., Fayer, M., and Rockhold, M., 1994, Variations in water balance and recharge potential at three western desert sites: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 58, no. 1, p. 63-72, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1994.03615995005800010009x.","productDescription":"10 p. ","startPage":"63","endPage":"72","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337957,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d23b96e4b0236b68f8295f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gee, G.W.","contributorId":189340,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gee","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wierenga, P.J.","contributorId":189621,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wierenga","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Andraski, Brian J. 0000-0002-2086-0417 andraski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2086-0417","contributorId":168800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andraski","given":"Brian","email":"andraski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":685431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Young, M.H.","contributorId":189622,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Young","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fayer, M.J.","contributorId":189623,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fayer","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rockhold, M.L.","contributorId":189624,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rockhold","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70243698,"text":"70243698 - 1994 - Conference explores mechanical involvement of fluids in faulting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-17T17:46:19.663572","indexId":"70243698","displayToPublicDate":"1994-09-13T12:37:17","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7458,"text":"Eos Science News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conference explores mechanical involvement of fluids in faulting","docAbstract":"A growing body of evidence suggests that fluids are intimately linked to a variety of faulting processes. These include the long-term structural and compositional evolution of fault zones; fault creep; and the nucleation, propagation, arrest, and recurrence of earthquake ruptures. Besides the widely recognized physical role of fluid pressures in controlling the strength of crustal fault zones, it is also apparent that fluids can exert mechanical influence through a variety of chemical effects.
To address these issues, a “Red-Book” Conference on the Mechanical Effects of Fluids in Faulting was sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey under the auspices of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program at Fish Camp, Calif., from June 6–10, 1993. The coconvenors were Steve Hickman, Rick Sibson, and Ron Bruhn.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/94EO01059","usgsCitation":"Hickman, S.H., Sibson, R., and Bruhn, R.L., 1994, Conference explores mechanical involvement of fluids in faulting: Eos Science News, v. 75, no. 37, p. 426-428, https://doi.org/10.1029/94EO01059.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"426","endPage":"428","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":417162,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Fish Camp","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.64668090633353,\n 37.48413811547967\n ],\n [\n -119.64668090633353,\n 37.47077688907574\n ],\n [\n -119.62915380740137,\n 37.47077688907574\n ],\n [\n -119.62915380740137,\n 37.48413811547967\n ],\n [\n -119.64668090633353,\n 37.48413811547967\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"75","issue":"37","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hickman, Stephen H. 0000-0003-2075-9615 hickman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2075-9615","contributorId":2705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"Stephen","email":"hickman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":872947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sibson, R.H.","contributorId":86358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sibson","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":872948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bruhn, Ronald L.","contributorId":179363,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bruhn","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13028,"text":"Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":872949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017535,"text":"70017535 - 1994 - First images of asteroid 243 Ida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-15T15:26:51.673128","indexId":"70017535","displayToPublicDate":"1994-09-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"First images of asteroid 243 Ida","docAbstract":"The first images of the asteroid 243 Ida from Galileo show an irregular object measuring 56 kilometers by 24 kilometers by 21 kilometers. Its surface is rich in geologic features, including systems of grooves, blocks, chutes, albedo features, crater chains, and a full range of crater morphologies. The largest blocks may be distributed nonuniformly across the surface; lineaments and dark-floored craters also have preferential locations. Ida is interpreted to have a substantial regolith. The high crater density and size-frequency distribution (–3 differential power-law index) indicate a surface in equilibrium with saturated cratering. A minimum model crater age for Ida—and therefore for the Koronis family to which Ida belongs—is estimated at 1 billion years, older than expected.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.265.5178.1543","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Belton, M.J., Chapman, C.R., Veverka, J., Klaasen, K., Harch, A., Greeley, R., Greenberg, R., Head, J.W., McEwen, A., Morrison, D., Thomas, P., Davies, M.E., Carr, M.H., Neukum, G., Fanale, F.P., Davis, D.R., Anger, C., Gierasch, P., Ingersoll, A., and Pilcher, C., 1994, First images of asteroid 243 Ida: Science, v. 265, no. 5178, p. 1543-1547, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.265.5178.1543.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1543","endPage":"1547","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228980,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"265","issue":"5178","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1057e4b0c8380cd53c23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belton, M. J. S.","contributorId":79223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belton","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapman, C. 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W. III","contributorId":106267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Head","given":"J.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"McEwen, A.","contributorId":39105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEwen","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Morrison, D.","contributorId":98015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Thomas, P.C.","contributorId":32690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"P.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Davies, M. E.","contributorId":26050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davies","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Carr, M. H.","contributorId":84727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":376782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Neukum, G.","contributorId":105443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neukum","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Fanale, F. P.","contributorId":24925,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fanale","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Davis, D. 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The addition of gouge enhances the rate of permeability reduction because of the greater reactivity of the fine material. Flow rate is initially high in a throughgoing fracture but eventually drops to the level of intact granite. These results support the fault-valve model for the development of mesothermal ore deposits, in which seals are formed at the base of the seismogenic zone of high-angle thrust faults. The lower temperature results yield varying estimates of mineral-sealing rates at shallower depths in fault zones, although they generally support the hypothesis that such seals develop in less time than the recurrence interval for moderate to large earthquakes on the San Andreas fault.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.265.5178.1558","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Moore, D., Lockner, D., and Byerlee, J., 1994, Reduction of permeability in granite at elevated temperatures: Science, v. 265, no. 5178, p. 1558-1561, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.265.5178.1558.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1558","endPage":"1561","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228981,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.42511115796232,\n 40.19687175691709\n ],\n [\n -122.57029196954008,\n 37.27336510559133\n ],\n [\n -119.38637709468617,\n 33.222235417073065\n ],\n [\n -116.81842283095422,\n 33.081809080354404\n ],\n [\n -122.03189483226878,\n 41.08855695423625\n ],\n [\n -124.42511115796232,\n 40.19687175691709\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"265","issue":"5178","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a3e3e4b0e8fec6cdb9fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Diane E. 0000-0002-8641-1075","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8641-1075","contributorId":106496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Diane E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lockner, D.A. 0000-0001-8630-6833","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8630-6833","contributorId":85603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockner","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Byerlee, J.D.","contributorId":69982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byerlee","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017551,"text":"70017551 - 1994 - Stress triggering of the 1994 M = 6.7 Northridge, California, earthquake by its predecessors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-15T15:39:47.273418","indexId":"70017551","displayToPublicDate":"1994-09-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stress triggering of the 1994 M = 6.7 Northridge, California, earthquake by its predecessors","docAbstract":"A model of stress transfer implies that earthquakes in 1933 and 1952 increased the Coulomb stress toward failure at the site of the 1971 San Fernando earthquake. The 1971 earthquake in turn raised stress and produced aftershocks at the site of the 1987 Whittier Narrows and 1994 Northridge ruptures. The Northridge main shock raised stress in areas where its aftershocks and surface faulting occurred. Together, the earthquakes with moment magnitude M ≥ 6 near Los Angeles since 1933 have stressed parts of the Oak Ridge, Sierra Madre, Santa Monica Mountains, Elysian Park, and Newport-Inglewood faults by more than 1 bar. Although too small to cause earthquakes, these stress changes can trigger events if the crust is already near failure or advance future earthquake occurrence if it is not.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.265.5177.1432","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Stein, R., King, G., and Lin, J., 1994, Stress triggering of the 1994 M = 6.7 Northridge, California, earthquake by its predecessors: Science, v. 265, no. 5177, p. 1432-1435, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.265.5177.1432.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1432","endPage":"1435","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228427,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"265","issue":"5177","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9b6ae4b08c986b31ce88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stein, R.S.","contributorId":8875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, G.C.P.","contributorId":18510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"G.C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lin, J.","contributorId":33065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017525,"text":"70017525 - 1994 - Seismic evidence for a lower-crustal detachment beneath San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-15T15:53:42.612437","indexId":"70017525","displayToPublicDate":"1994-09-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic evidence for a lower-crustal detachment beneath San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"Results from the San Francisco Bay area seismic imaging experiment (BASIX) reveal the presence of a prominent lower crustal reflector at a depth of ∼15 kilometers beneath San Francisco and San Pablo bays. Velocity analyses indicate that this reflector marks the base of Franciscan assemblage rocks and the top of a mafic lower crust. Because this compositional contrast would imply a strong rheological contrast, this interface may correspond to a lower crustal detachment surface. If so, it may represent a subhorizontal segment of the North America and Pacific plate boundary proposed by earlier thermo-mechanical and geological models.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.265.5177.1436","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Brocher, T., McCarthy, J., Hart, P., Holbrook, W., Furlong, K., McEvilly, T., Hole, J., and Klemperer, S., 1994, Seismic evidence for a lower-crustal detachment beneath San Francisco Bay, California: Science, v. 265, no. 5177, p. 1436-1439, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.265.5177.1436.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1436","endPage":"1439","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228801,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.68862989936918,\n 37.84485905963611\n ],\n [\n -122.68862989936918,\n 37.41766415208987\n ],\n [\n -121.93467601391936,\n 37.41766415208987\n ],\n [\n -121.93467601391936,\n 37.84485905963611\n ],\n [\n -122.68862989936918,\n 37.84485905963611\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"265","issue":"5177","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b0be4b08c986b317546","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brocher, T.M. 0000-0002-9740-839X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-839X","contributorId":69994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocher","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCarthy, J.","contributorId":50290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarthy","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hart, P. E.","contributorId":10773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"P. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holbrook, W.S.","contributorId":84916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holbrook","given":"W.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Furlong, K.P.","contributorId":35490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McEvilly, T.V.","contributorId":30631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEvilly","given":"T.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hole, J.A.","contributorId":103422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hole","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Klemperer, S.L.","contributorId":52734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klemperer","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70198522,"text":"70198522 - 1994 - Low cost limestone treatment of acid sensitive trout streams in the Appalachian Mountains of Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-18T15:49:24.275908","indexId":"70198522","displayToPublicDate":"1994-09-01T16:04:56","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Low cost limestone treatment of acid sensitive trout streams in the Appalachian Mountains of Virginia","docAbstract":"The method of single point, single application liming has been studied as a means of mitigating anthropogenic acid in trout streams in Virginia. Three critically acid sensitive streams were dosed with a total of five applications of limestone sand and monitored before, during and after the treatments to assess changes in water chemistry and biota. Limestone treatments of 8 to 50 tons (particle sizes 150–1000 μm), with the amounts based on sulfate deposition loading and existent stream water chemistry, were used to restore ‘lost’ acid neutralizing capacity (ANC). Contact time between the limestone bed in the stream bottom and the water was the limiting factor affecting the degree of treatment with bed length primarily controlled by the gradient of the stream at the dosing site. A single site application was able to restore approximately 2/3 of the ANC. Exponential fits of limestone consumption data were used to predict that treaments of similar streams would last from two five years before reliming was necessary. Both total and monomeric aluminum levels were reduced up to 50%, and aquatic biota increased below the treatment sites. Post-liming average values for the three streams were pH 6.66, 82.7 μeq L−1 ANC and 2.63 mg L−1 Ca. The average ANC improvement suggests that some 88% of the native trout streams in Virginia, which average 29 μeq L−1 ANC reduction from acid deposition, could be temporarily restored using single application liming.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00876048","usgsCitation":"Marone, C., and Blanpied, M., 1994, Introduction: Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 142, p. 413-416, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00876048.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"413","endPage":"416","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":417056,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"142","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marone, Chris","contributorId":7426,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marone","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":872651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blanpied, Michael L. mblanpied@usgs.gov","contributorId":4807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blanpied","given":"Michael L.","email":"mblanpied@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":872652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70129560,"text":"70129560 - 1994 - Multipurpose Wetlands Phase II/III: final design and ongoing research investigations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-23T13:06:37","indexId":"70129560","displayToPublicDate":"1994-09-01T13:01:53","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Multipurpose Wetlands Phase II/III: final design and ongoing research investigations","docAbstract":"The Eastern Municipal Water District (EMWD), the Bureau of Reclamation (USBR), and the National Biological Survey (NBS), in consultation with other governmental agencies, the academic community, and environmental groups, are involved in a cooperative wetlands research and demonstration effort. This report reflects progress through the first 3 years of a 5-year program. The goal of the Multipurpose Wetlands Research and Demonstration Project is to evaluate and expand the use of reclaimed water and contaminated ground water through the incorporation of multipurpose constructed wetlands into EMWD's total water resources management program. The focus of the wetlands is the development of design, construction, and operation criteria that will provide a cost-effective and innovative alternative for managing water resources and provide other public benefits in arid areas. The program also recognizes the fact that naturally-occurring wetlands, both coastal and inland, have been disappearing at an alarming rate.","language":"English","publisher":"Bureau of Reclamation","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Babbitt, B., Beard, D.P., and Hancock, L.F., 1994, Multipurpose Wetlands Phase II/III: final design and ongoing research investigations, 146 p.","productDescription":"146 p.","numberOfPages":"146","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":295671,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"544a18e9e4b04d2014abfb4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Babbitt, Bruce","contributorId":30563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Babbitt","given":"Bruce","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beard, Daniel P.","contributorId":61357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beard","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hancock, Lawrence F.","contributorId":92984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hancock","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70135253,"text":"70135253 - 1994 - Instrument packages to study long-term sediment transport processes in a shallow bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-06T11:25:52","indexId":"70135253","displayToPublicDate":"1994-09-01T13:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Instrument packages to study long-term sediment transport processes in a shallow bay","docAbstract":"Pressure and near-surface and near-bottom measurements of current, temperature, salinity and light transmission were required in Mobile Bay, a 3 m deep estuary on the Gulf of Mexico. This environment presented several obstacles to obtaining long term observations. Boat traffic, soft estuary bottom, heavy biofouling, rapid sample rates and large data storage were overcome by using instrumentation techniques that are applicable to other estuary systems. Nearly two years of continuous data was collected.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"OCEANS '94. 'Oceans Engineering for Today's Technology and Tomorrow's Preservation.' Proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"Oceans Engineering for Today's Technology and Tomorrow's Preservation","conferenceDate":"September 13-16, 1994","conferenceLocation":"Brest, France","language":"English","publisher":"Oceanic Engineering Society","publisherLocation":"Piscataway, NJ","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1994.363897","usgsCitation":"Strahle, W.J., Martini, M.A., and Davis, R.E., 1994, Instrument packages to study long-term sediment transport processes in a shallow bay, in OCEANS '94. 'Oceans Engineering for Today's Technology and Tomorrow's Preservation.' Proceedings, v. 1, Brest, France, September 13-16, 1994, p. I/21-I/24, https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1994.363897.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"I/21","endPage":"I/24","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296622,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.8848876953125,\n 29.430029404571762\n ],\n [\n -87.33032226562499,\n 29.430029404571762\n ],\n [\n -87.33032226562499,\n 30.741835717889792\n ],\n [\n -88.8848876953125,\n 30.741835717889792\n ],\n [\n -88.8848876953125,\n 29.430029404571762\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"548ace3de4b00f366bee37ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Strahle, William J.","contributorId":55962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strahle","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martini, Marinna A. 0000-0002-7757-5158 mmartini@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7757-5158","contributorId":2456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martini","given":"Marinna","email":"mmartini@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, Ray E.","contributorId":14821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Ray","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70129557,"text":"70129557 - 1994 - Identification of sex in Boiga irregularis: implications for understanding population dynamics in Guam","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-23T12:51:48","indexId":"70129557","displayToPublicDate":"1994-09-01T12:49:44","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identification of sex in Boiga irregularis: implications for understanding population dynamics in Guam","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Herpetology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","publisherLocation":"Athens, OH","doi":"10.2307/1564541","usgsCitation":"Jordan, M., and Rodda, G.H., 1994, Identification of sex in Boiga irregularis: implications for understanding population dynamics in Guam: Journal of Herpetology, v. 28, no. 3, p. 381-384, https://doi.org/10.2307/1564541.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"381","endPage":"384","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":295667,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295666,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1564541"}],"volume":"28","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"544a18dde4b04d2014abfb3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jordan, Mark A.","contributorId":102012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"Mark A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodda, Gordon H. roddag@usgs.gov","contributorId":3196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodda","given":"Gordon","email":"roddag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70129381,"text":"70129381 - 1994 - An integrated model of human-wildlife interdependence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T12:14:34","indexId":"70129381","displayToPublicDate":"1994-09-01T12:43:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1453,"text":"Ecological Economics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An integrated model of human-wildlife interdependence","docAbstract":"This paper attempts to integrate wildlife-related ecologic and economic variables into an econometric model. The model reveals empirical evidence of the presumed interdependence of human-wildlife and the holistic nature of humanity's relationship to the ecosystem. Human use of biologic resources varies not only with income, education, and population, but also with sustainability of humankind's action relative to the quality and quantity of the supporting ecological base.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0921-8009(94)90051-5","usgsCitation":"John, K.H., Walsh, R.G., and Johnson, R., 1994, An integrated model of human-wildlife interdependence: Ecological Economics, v. 11, no. 1, p. 65-75, https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-8009(94)90051-5.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"65","endPage":"75","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":295564,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295563,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-8009(94)90051-5"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"544775a0e4b0f888a81b82ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"John, Kun H.","contributorId":42904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"John","given":"Kun","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walsh, Richard G.","contributorId":85109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, R.L.","contributorId":47305,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17860,"text":"Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":503644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":74,"text":"74 - 1994 - Global hypocenter data base","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-04T11:59:27","indexId":"74","displayToPublicDate":"1994-09-01T11:58:43","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Global hypocenter data base","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"United States Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/74","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1994, Global hypocenter data base (Version 3.0.), 1 computer laser optical disc, https://doi.org/10.3133/74.","productDescription":"1 computer laser optical disc","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291603,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 3.0.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e09e55e4b0beb42bdca41b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70241944,"text":"70241944 - 1994 - Flow path studies in forested watersheds of headwater tributaries of Brush Brook, Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-31T16:58:13.056996","indexId":"70241944","displayToPublicDate":"1994-09-01T11:51:01","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flow path studies in forested watersheds of headwater tributaries of Brush Brook, Vermont","docAbstract":"An investigation was undertaken into how headwater tributaries of Brush Brook, Vermont, could have average pH differences of almost two units (4.75 and 6.7). Sampling along four tributaries revealed that most of one tributary, below an area of seeps, had consistently higher pH, Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+, and lower Al than other sites. Bedrock mapping showed numerous fractures in vicinity of the seeps. A portion of this tributary's watershed and a portion of an acid tributary's watershed were intensively mapped for soil depth. Sampling showed the widespread existence of dense basal till in the watershed of the acid tributary but none in that of the near-neutral stream. Lateral flow, found above the dense till, was chemically similar to that of the acid tributary and to solutions sampled from soil B horizons. There were no differences in the average pH of nonseep soils sampled from either watershed. Flow paths are hypothesized to be through the B horizons in the acid tributaries and from below the soil profile in the near-neutral tributary. The acid catchment should be more sensitive to environmental change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/94WR01490","usgsCitation":"Ross, D., Bartlett, R.J., Magdoff, F.R., and Walsh, G.J., 1994, Flow path studies in forested watersheds of headwater tributaries of Brush Brook, Vermont: Water Resources Research, v. 30, no. 9, p. 2611-2618, https://doi.org/10.1029/94WR01490.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2611","endPage":"2618","costCenters":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415010,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","city":"Huntington","otherGeospatial":"Brush Brook","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.95627951628695,\n 44.34378885539806\n ],\n [\n -72.95627951628695,\n 44.293228172748\n ],\n [\n -72.87800451636414,\n 44.293228172748\n ],\n [\n -72.87800451636414,\n 44.34378885539806\n ],\n [\n -72.95627951628695,\n 44.34378885539806\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ross, Donald S.","contributorId":178218,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ross","given":"Donald S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bartlett, R. J.","contributorId":52350,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bartlett","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Magdoff, Frederick R.","contributorId":303869,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Magdoff","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walsh, Gregory J. 0000-0003-4264-8836 gwalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4264-8836","contributorId":873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Gregory","email":"gwalsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":868330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70129531,"text":"70129531 - 1994 - Scale perspectives on avian diversity in western riparian ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-28T12:20:53.68649","indexId":"70129531","displayToPublicDate":"1994-09-01T10:26:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Scale perspectives on avian diversity in western riparian ecosystems","docAbstract":"Conservation of riparian vegetation in western North America has, in part, emphasized providing habitats for a locally diverse avifauna. Site diversity, especially relative to the number of species present, is generally high within riparian avifaunas. Between-habitat diversity changes across a watershed, with riparian species assemblages differing most from upland assemblages at the highest and lowest elevations. This pattern can be attributed to enhanced avian movements within the riparian vegetation. The corridors for bird movements, in turn, facilitate faunal mixing on a broader scale, influencing regional diversity within landscapes. Riparian ecosystems are viewed as connectors of forests across fragmented landscapes. In western settings, however, they are highly linearized forests transecting watersheds between upland associations of high elevations and very different associations at lower elevations. Regionally, riparian vegetation represents linear islands that are internally both floristically and faunistically dynamic rather than mere bridges of homogeneous vegetation in landscape networks. The significance of riparian vegetation as habitat for western birds has been defined primarily at the local level. Conservation activities favoring site diversity are short-sighted, however, and could have severe consequences for unique elements of riparian avifaunas. Conservation actions must evaluate how local activities alter potential dispersal opportunities for ecological-generalist versus riparian-obligate species. Maintaining the character and integrity of riparian avifaunas requires planning from regional and continental perspectives.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1523-1739.1994.08030669.x","usgsCitation":"Knopf, F.L., and Samson, F.B., 1994, Scale perspectives on avian diversity in western riparian ecosystems: Conservation Biology, v. 8, no. 3, p. 669-676, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1994.08030669.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"669","endPage":"676","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":295641,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"North America","volume":"8","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-01-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"544a190ce4b04d2014abfb70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knopf, Fritz L.","contributorId":18697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knopf","given":"Fritz","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Samson, Fred B.","contributorId":22710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samson","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70129013,"text":"70129013 - 1994 - Biological diversity: Science and action","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-28T12:24:45.589159","indexId":"70129013","displayToPublicDate":"1994-09-01T10:17:30","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biological diversity: Science and action","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1523-1739.1994.08030909.x","usgsCitation":"Knopf, F.L., and Samson, F.B., 1994, Biological diversity: Science and action: Conservation Biology, v. 8, no. 3, p. 909-911, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1994.08030909.x.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"909","endPage":"911","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":295374,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-01-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5440de1de4b0b0a643c732b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knopf, Fritz L.","contributorId":45650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knopf","given":"Fritz","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Samson, Fred B.","contributorId":22710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samson","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70129520,"text":"70129520 - 1994 - On the origin of brucellosis in bison of Yellowstone National Park: a review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-23T09:29:39","indexId":"70129520","displayToPublicDate":"1994-09-01T09:26:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the origin of brucellosis in bison of Yellowstone National Park: a review","docAbstract":"Brucellosis caused by Brucella abortus occurs in the free-ranging bison (Bison bison) of Yellowstone and Wood Buffalo National Parks and in elk (Cervus elaphus) of the Greater Yellowstone Area. As a result of nationwide bovine brucellosis eradication programs, states and provinces proximate to the national parks are considered free of bovine brucellosis. Thus, increased attention has been focused on the wildlife within these areas as potential reservoirs for transmission to cattle. Because the national parks are mandated as natural areas, the question has been raised as to whether Brucella abortus is endogenous or exogenous to bison, particularly for Yellowstone National Park. We synthesized diverse lines of inquiry, including the evolutionary history of both bison and Brucella, wild animals as Brucella hosts, biochemical and genetic information, behavioral characteristics of host and organism, and area history to develop an evaluation of the question for the National Park Service. All lines of inquiry indicated that the organism was introduced to North America with cattle, and that the introduction into the Yellowstone bison probably was directly from cattle shortly before 1917. Fistulous withers of horses was a less likely possibility. Elk on winter feedgrounds south of Yellowstone National Park apparently acquired the disease directly from cattle. Bison presently using Grand Teton National Park probably acquired brucellosis from feedground elk.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Conservation Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Science, Inc.","publisherLocation":"Malden, MA","doi":"10.1046/j.1523-1739.1994.08030645.x","usgsCitation":"Meagher, M., and Meyer, M.E., 1994, On the origin of brucellosis in bison of Yellowstone National Park: a review: Conservation Biology, v. 8, no. 3, p. 645-653, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1994.08030645.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"645","endPage":"653","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":295627,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295625,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1994.08030645.x"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","volume":"8","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-01-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"544a18f2e4b04d2014abfb54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meagher, Mary","contributorId":23467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meagher","given":"Mary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meyer, Margaret E.","contributorId":22266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70180425,"text":"70180425 - 1994 - Factors affecting the efficient transformation of Colletotrichum species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-30T12:56:52","indexId":"70180425","displayToPublicDate":"1994-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5282,"text":"Experimental Mycology ","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors affecting the efficient transformation of Colletotrichum species","docAbstract":"Factors affecting the efficient transformation of Colletotrichum species. Experimental Mycology, 18, 230-246. Twelve isolates representing four species of Colletotrichum were transformed either by enhanced protoplast, restriction enzyme-mediated integration (REMI), or electroporation-mediated protocols. The enhanced protoplast transformation protocol resulted in 100- and 50-fold increases in the transformation efficiencies of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum and C. magna , respectively. REMI transformation involved the use of Hin dIII and vector DNA linearized with HindIII to increase the number of integration events and potential gene disruptions in the fungal genome. Combining the enhanced protoplast and the REMI protocols resulted in a 22-fold increase in the number of hygromycin/nystatin-resistant mutants in C. lindemuthianum . Electroporation-mediated transformation was performed on mycelial fragments and spores of four Colletotrichum species, resulting in efficiencies of up to 1000 transformants/μg DNA. The pHA1.3 vector which confers hygromycin resistance contains telomeric sequences from Fusarium oxysporum , transforms by autonomous replication and genomic integration, and was essential for elevated transformation efficiencies of 100 to 10,000 transformants/μg DNA. Modifications of pHA1.3 occurred during bacterial amplification and post fungal transformation resulting in plasmids capable of significantly elevated transformation efficiencies in C. lindemuthianum.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/emyc.1994.1023","usgsCitation":"Redman, R.S., and Rodriguez, R.J., 1994, Factors affecting the efficient transformation of Colletotrichum species: Experimental Mycology , v. 18, no. 3, p. 230-246, https://doi.org/10.1006/emyc.1994.1023.","productDescription":"17 p. ","startPage":"230","endPage":"246","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334333,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58905ef6e4b072a7ac0cad67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Redman, Regina S. 0000-0001-5108-7570","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5108-7570","contributorId":75829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redman","given":"Regina","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":661646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodriguez, Rusty J.","contributorId":62497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Rusty","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185388,"text":"70185388 - 1994 - Notes on a Mesodinium rubrum red tide in San Francisco Bay (California, USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-27T10:30:30","indexId":"70185388","displayToPublicDate":"1994-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2430,"text":"Journal of Plankton Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Notes on a Mesodinium rubrum red tide in San Francisco Bay (California, USA)","docAbstract":"Discrete red patches of water were observed in South San Francisco Bay (USA) on 30 April 1993, and examination of live samples showed that this red tide was caused by surface accumulations of the pigmented ciliate Mesodinium rubrum . Vertical profiles showed strong salinity and temperature stratification in the upper 5 m, peak chlorophyll fluorescence in the upper meter, and differences in the small-scale density structure and fluorescence distribution among red patches. Events preceding this Mesodinium red tide included: (i) heavy precipitation and run-off, allowing for strong salinity stratification; (ii) a spring diatom bloom where the chlorophyll a concentration reached 50 mg m −3 ; (ii) depletions of dissolved inorganic N and Si in the photic zone; and (iv) several days of rapid warming and stabilization of the upper surface layer. These conditions may be general prerequisites for M.rubrum blooms in temperate estuaries.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/plankt/16.9.1269","usgsCitation":"Cloern, J.E., Cole, B.E., and Hager, S.W., 1994, Notes on a Mesodinium rubrum red tide in San Francisco Bay (California, USA): Journal of Plankton Research, v. 16, no. 9, p. 1269-1276, https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/16.9.1269.","productDescription":"8 p. ","startPage":"1269","endPage":"1276","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337950,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.40829467773436,\n 38.15723682167875\n ],\n [\n -122.44674682617188,\n 38.156156969924915\n ],\n [\n -122.51129150390625,\n 38.11403028044574\n ],\n [\n -122.50442504882814,\n 38.026458711461245\n ],\n [\n -122.51266479492188,\n 37.88027325525864\n ],\n [\n -122.47283935546874,\n 37.81629348024509\n ],\n [\n -122.40554809570311,\n 37.7761422535397\n ],\n [\n -122.4041748046875,\n 37.71967662525055\n ],\n [\n -122.37670898437499,\n 37.61423141542417\n ],\n [\n -122.25860595703125,\n 37.52170787501458\n ],\n [\n -122.0745849609375,\n 37.40289194122376\n ],\n [\n -121.91940307617188,\n 37.42688834526727\n ],\n [\n -121.9317626953125,\n 37.483576550426996\n ],\n [\n -122.10067749023438,\n 37.621845878167704\n ],\n [\n -122.24075317382812,\n 37.82280243352756\n ],\n [\n -122.36984252929688,\n 37.947446401992934\n ],\n [\n -122.31903076171875,\n 37.97343243999255\n ],\n [\n -122.2613525390625,\n 38.09133660751176\n ],\n [\n -122.40829467773436,\n 38.15723682167875\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d23b97e4b0236b68f82968","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cloern, James E. 0000-0002-5880-6862 jecloern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5880-6862","contributorId":1488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"James","email":"jecloern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cole, Brian E.","contributorId":18357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hager, Stephen W.","contributorId":48935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hager","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1000733,"text":"1000733 - 1994 - Problems of stock definition in estimating relative contributions of Atlantic striped bass to the coastal fishery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-03T17:28:19.438266","indexId":"1000733","displayToPublicDate":"1994-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Problems of stock definition in estimating relative contributions of Atlantic striped bass to the coastal fishery","docAbstract":"Stock contribution studies of mixed‐stock fisheries rely on the application of classification algorithms to samples of unknown origin. Although the performance of these algorithms can be assessed, there are no guidelines regarding decisions about including minor stocks, pooling stocks into regional groups, or sampling discrete substocks to adequately characterize a stock. We examined these questions for striped bass Morone saxatilis of the U.S. Atlantic coast by applying linear discriminant functions to meristic and morphometric data from fish collected from spawning areas. Some of our samples were from the Hudson and Roanoke rivers and four tributaries of the Chesapeake Bay. We also collected fish of mixed‐stock origin from the Atlantic Ocean near Montauk, New York. Inclusion of the minor stock from the Roanoke River in the classification algorithm decreased the correct‐classification rate, whereas grouping of the Roanoke River and Chesapeake Bay stock into a regional (“southern”) group increased the overall resolution. The increased resolution was offset by our inability to obtain separate contribution estimates of the groups that were pooled. Although multivariate analysis of variance indicated significant differences among Chesapeake Bay substocks, increasing the number of substocks in the discriminant analysis decreased the overall correct‐classification rate, Although the inclusion of one, two, three, or four substocks in the classification algorithm did not greatly affect the overall correct‐classification rates, the specific combination of substocks significantly affected the relative contribution estimates derived from the mixed‐stock sample, Future studies of this kind must balance the costs and benefits of including minor stocks and would profit from examination of the variation in discriminant characters among all Chesapeake Bay substocks.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1994)123<0766:POSDIE>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Waldman, J.R., and Fabrizio, M.C., 1994, Problems of stock definition in estimating relative contributions of Atlantic striped bass to the coastal fishery: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 123, no. 5, p. 766-778, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1994)123<0766:POSDIE>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"766","endPage":"778","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131498,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.64014265718913,\n 38.037240405344704\n ],\n [\n -76.64014265718913,\n 37.05558315556111\n ],\n [\n -75.75718981384003,\n 37.05558315556111\n ],\n [\n -75.75718981384003,\n 38.037240405344704\n ],\n [\n -76.64014265718913,\n 38.037240405344704\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"123","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db660a21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waldman, John R.","contributorId":46905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldman","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fabrizio, Mary C.","contributorId":77471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fabrizio","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1013298,"text":"1013298 - 1994 - Classification of vegetation communities in which geese rear broods on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-01T15:46:00.914319","indexId":"1013298","displayToPublicDate":"1994-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1167,"text":"Canadian Journal of Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Classification of vegetation communities in which geese rear broods on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","docAbstract":"Plant communities are described from an area on the Yukon – Kuskokwim (Y-K) delta of Alaska that is used extensively for brood rearing by three species of geese. Earlier studies identified plant species important as food for young geese, but few studies describe or quantify plant communities. We classified species presence or absence information from over 700 quadrats using a two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) and then tested for agreement of signatures on colour infrared air photos with the identified communities. Sedges were found to dominate all but the wettest and driest communities. Most of the brood-rearing area was covered by Carex ramenskii and Carex rariflora meadows, ponds, Carex mackenziei-dominated pond margins, and C. ramenskii and grass levee meadows. Our interpretation of airphotos accurately predicted vegetation community classes, which will facilitate future studies of habitat selection by geese during the time they are rearing young. The TWINSPAN classification was comparable to classifications of studies conducted elsewhere on the Y-K delta. The interpretation of air photos will enable the identification and evaluation of wetland vegetation complexes and potential goose brood-rearing areas away from our study site.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/b94-158","usgsCitation":"Babcock, C., and Ely, C.R., 1994, Classification of vegetation communities in which geese rear broods on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska: Canadian Journal of Botany, v. 72, p. 1294-1301, https://doi.org/10.1139/b94-158.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1294","endPage":"1301","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131860,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon–Kuskokwim delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -160.89503955532032,\n 63.4882093879952\n ],\n [\n -166.6364062022681,\n 63.4882093879952\n ],\n [\n -166.20026424847967,\n 61.09131905598986\n ],\n [\n -161.26333047202473,\n 61.01696567557954\n ],\n [\n -160.89503955532032,\n 63.4882093879952\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"72","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de2e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Babcock, Christopher","contributorId":60490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Babcock","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ely, Craig R. 0000-0003-4262-0892 cely@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4262-0892","contributorId":3214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ely","given":"Craig","email":"cely@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":318574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185399,"text":"70185399 - 1994 - Anaerobic biodegradation of methyl esters by Acetobacterium woodii and Eubacterium limosum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-21T15:13:49","indexId":"70185399","displayToPublicDate":"1994-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2352,"text":"Journal of Industrial Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anaerobic biodegradation of methyl esters by Acetobacterium woodii and Eubacterium limosum","docAbstract":"The ability ofAcetobacterium woodii andEubacterium limosum to degrade methyl esters of acetate, propionate, butyrate, and isobutyrate was examined under growing and resting-cell conditions. Both bacteria hydrolyzed the esters to the corresponding carboxylates and methanol under either condition. Methanol was further oxidized to formate under growing but not resting conditions. Unlike the metabolism of phenylmethylethers, no H2 requirement was evident for ester biotransformation. The hydrolysis of methyl carboxylates is thermodynamically favorable under standard conditions and the mixotrophic metabolism of ester/CO2 allowed for bacterial growth. These results suggest that the degradation of methyl carboxylates may be a heretofore unrecognized nutritional option for acetogenic bacteria.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Industrial Microbiology","doi":"10.1007/BF01569735","usgsCitation":"Liu, S., and Suflita, J.M., 1994, Anaerobic biodegradation of methyl esters by Acetobacterium woodii and Eubacterium limosum: Journal of Industrial Microbiology, v. 13, no. 5, p. 321-327, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01569735.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"321","endPage":"327","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337970,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d23b97e4b0236b68f82965","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, Shi","contributorId":189630,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"Shi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Suflita, Joseph M.","contributorId":187604,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Suflita","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70186600,"text":"70186600 - 1994 - Origin, transport, and emplacement of an exotic island-arc terrane exposed in eastern Kamchatka, Russia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-19T13:19:35.163423","indexId":"70186600","displayToPublicDate":"1994-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin, transport, and emplacement of an exotic island-arc terrane exposed in eastern Kamchatka, Russia","docAbstract":"The regional stratigraphy of eastern Kamchatka includes an exotic, Early-Late Cretaceous ophiolite and Late Cretaceous island-arc volcanic sequence. Integrating the existing geologic and geophysical data, we examine the origin, transport, emplacement, and postemplacement deformation of the island-arc terrane, which is named the Olyutorsky island arc. Results from several paleomagnetic studies consistently indicate that the island-arc terrane originated >1000 km to the south of where it is presently exposed. Although the formative paleolatitudes of the island-arc rocks approximately correspond to the location of the Izanagi-Farallon subduction zone, the age of the volcanic rocks postdates the cessation of Izanagi-Farallon convergence, thus indicating that an unnamed plate or back-arc basin existed in the northwest Pacific during Late Cretaceous time. We examine two possible models for northward transport of the island-arc terrane to Kamchatka: (1) infra-oceanic transport with the Pacific or Kula plates and (2) coastwise translation of the island-arc terrane after accretion to the Eurasian margin far to the south of Kamchatka. For both models, the dominant Eocene and Miocene deformation ages observed in eastern Kamchatka are used as two possible age limits for the cessation of northward transport. Although the observed paleolatitudes from paleomagnetic data correspond best with the infra-oceanic transport model, the provenance of the Paleogene \"transport\" stratigraphy indicates a near-shore sediment supply. Our preferred interpretation is that the island-arc terrane (1) accreted onto the Eurasian margin concurrent with cessation of island-arc volcanism (Maastrichtian-Danian) and (2) underwent northward coastwise translation along a major strike-slip fault zone ending by middle-late Eocene time (43-50 Ma). It is unclear whether the ophiolite was exposed during arc-continent collision or whether the ophiolite was obducted onto the island arc prior to collision. A consequence of either infra-oceanic transport or coastwise translation is that an open corridor between the western terminus of the Aleutian Arc and Kamchatka must have existed until middle to late Eocene time. Spreading within the Komandorsky Basin, subduction of sea-mounts, and collision of the Aleutian Arc with Kamchatka are proposed to have instigated the second Miocene phase of deformation, which uplifted and reexposed the island-arc terrane.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1994)106<1182:OTAEOA>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Geist, E.L., Vallier, T.L., and Scholl, D.W., 1994, Origin, transport, and emplacement of an exotic island-arc terrane exposed in eastern Kamchatka, Russia: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 106, no. 9, p. 1182-1194, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1994)106<1182:OTAEOA>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1182","endPage":"1194","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339284,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia","otherGeospatial":"Kamchatka Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 163.20258755290382,\n 61.00637167715445\n ],\n [\n 161.69305220919045,\n 60.56804725421827\n ],\n [\n 159.44889197087247,\n 59.081947107468125\n ],\n [\n 159.09733432823919,\n 58.69252073362182\n ],\n [\n 157.40883348269927,\n 58.055364767090595\n ],\n [\n 156.44070038399877,\n 57.96985930003743\n ],\n [\n 156.53381961385384,\n 57.45928767434276\n ],\n [\n 155.41075905047182,\n 56.57402157819166\n ],\n [\n 155.22123486851945,\n 55.23924656661535\n ],\n [\n 155.62898349274462,\n 53.24224978863219\n ],\n [\n 156.16955629177272,\n 52.102769885948305\n ],\n [\n 156.24533432092898,\n 51.33267214490681\n ],\n [\n 156.73401813089475,\n 50.767305106285306\n ],\n [\n 157.51556178037703,\n 51.18150965069202\n ],\n [\n 158.69361672829837,\n 52.41353725977288\n ],\n [\n 158.66990166944248,\n 52.74343117033786\n ],\n [\n 159.49647609181955,\n 53.21310941559881\n ],\n [\n 160.08489460864558,\n 52.98663269436213\n ],\n [\n 160.06374030911832,\n 53.419596822409716\n ],\n [\n 159.91289147082966,\n 53.69950491234525\n ],\n [\n 160.07867037448761,\n 54.08771434561001\n ],\n [\n 161.01061366280572,\n 54.524249643382035\n ],\n [\n 161.2095160487467,\n 54.383784038217584\n ],\n [\n 161.77586065709102,\n 54.40876194260778\n ],\n [\n 162.30041432485723,\n 54.75466906023789\n ],\n [\n 161.94259864495496,\n 55.227756105681124\n ],\n [\n 161.99933808145715,\n 55.62310503108381\n ],\n [\n 162.25130996927277,\n 56.085638651086754\n ],\n [\n 162.52816124539265,\n 56.13080387237895\n ],\n [\n 163.0800214316048,\n 55.85059679084554\n ],\n [\n 163.24555118268722,\n 56.030975994675\n ],\n [\n 163.48438081385694,\n 56.14158389836072\n ],\n [\n 163.32143614963354,\n 56.86229049830959\n ],\n [\n 162.93338342193385,\n 56.77687195315198\n ],\n [\n 162.95536113045154,\n 57.081187805155935\n ],\n [\n 162.90458523236265,\n 57.22963080988282\n ],\n [\n 163.36324681350527,\n 57.53772002508748\n ],\n [\n 163.38644309273087,\n 57.92518191884736\n ],\n [\n 162.62275017174602,\n 57.99055946086884\n ],\n [\n 162.38630990669117,\n 57.9241361926818\n ],\n [\n 162.1539690888648,\n 58.099507759305624\n ],\n [\n 162.40153830254246,\n 58.53891403659355\n ],\n [\n 163.66412182163936,\n 58.29975353036349\n ],\n [\n 164.26062566000064,\n 58.68782998566613\n ],\n [\n 164.89882117744526,\n 58.78595804247561\n ],\n [\n 164.83893482799846,\n 59.228642694030384\n ],\n [\n 165.2957922051972,\n 59.87278346699375\n ],\n [\n 166.17636173828566,\n 60.37940494019236\n ],\n [\n 163.20258755290382,\n 61.00637167715445\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"106","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e60277e4b09da6799ac6a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geist, Eric L. 0000-0003-0611-1150 egeist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0611-1150","contributorId":1956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geist","given":"Eric","email":"egeist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":689711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vallier, Tracy L.","contributorId":28857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vallier","given":"Tracy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scholl, David W. 0000-0001-6500-6962 dscholl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6500-6962","contributorId":3738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"David","email":"dscholl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":689713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}