{"pageNumber":"3973","pageRowStart":"99300","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184938,"records":[{"id":70204864,"text":"70204864 - 1994 - Hydrologic control of litter decomposition in seasonally flooded prairie marshes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-20T10:36:47","indexId":"70204864","displayToPublicDate":"1994-07-31T10:26:56","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic control of litter decomposition in seasonally flooded prairie marshes","docAbstract":"<p><span>The effect of seasonal inundation on the decomposition of emergent macrophyte litter (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Scolochloa festucacea</i><span>) was examined under experimental flooding regimes in a northern prairie marsh. Stem and leaf litter was subjected to six aboveground inundation treatments (ranging from never flooded to flooded April through October) and two belowground treatments (nonflooded and flooded April to August). Flooding increased the rate of mass loss from litter aboveground but retarded decay belowground. Aboveground, N concentration decreased and subsequently increased earlier in the longer flooded treatments, indicating that flooding decreased the time that litter remained in the leaching and immobilization phases of decay. Belowground, both flooded and nonflooded litter showed an initial rapid loss of N, but concentration and percent of original N remaining were greater in the nonflooded marsh throughout the first year. This suggested that more N was immobilized on litter under the nonflooded, more oxidizing soil conditions. Both N concentration and percent N remaining of belowground litter were greater in the flooded than the nonflooded marsh the second year, suggesting that N immobilization was enhanced after water-level drawdown. These results suggest different mechanisms by which flooding affects decomposition in different wetland environments. On the soil surface where oxygen is readily available, flooding accelerates decomposition by increasing moisture. Belowground, flooding creates anoxic conditions that slow decay. The typical hydrologic pattern in seasonally flooded prairie marshes of spring flooding followed by water-level drawdown in summer may maximize system decomposition rates by allowing rapid decomposition aboveground in standing water and by annually alleviating soil anoxia.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00006247","usgsCitation":"Neckles, H.A., and Neill, C., 1994, Hydrologic control of litter decomposition in seasonally flooded prairie marshes: Hydrobiologia, v. 286, no. 3, p. 155-165, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00006247.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"165","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":366714,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","state":"Manitoba","city":"Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -97.9815673828125,\n              50.359480346298696\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.19030761718749,\n              50.243692022558044\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.34686279296874,\n              50.20327530414826\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.5198974609375,\n              50.23666548810372\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.59954833984375,\n              50.27880916018711\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.6297607421875,\n              50.231394907552854\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.50616455078125,\n              50.11881702842054\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.26446533203125,\n              50.08710669808234\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.0804443359375,\n              50.14522626967904\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.9266357421875,\n              50.29109404231143\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.90740966796875,\n              50.341954777309994\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.9815673828125,\n              50.359480346298696\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"286","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neckles, Hilary A. 0000-0002-5662-2314 hneckles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5662-2314","contributorId":3821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neckles","given":"Hilary","email":"hneckles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":768798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neill, Christopher","contributorId":218247,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neill","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":768799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70243694,"text":"70243694 - 1994 - Team investigates activity at Mt. Semeru, Java, volcano","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-17T14:42:16.424247","indexId":"70243694","displayToPublicDate":"1994-07-12T09:24:03","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7602,"text":"Eos, American Geophysical Union","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Team investigates activity at Mt. Semeru, Java, volcano","docAbstract":"<p>In February 1994 a large eruption continued a pattern of activity that Mt. Semeru volcano—the highest mountain in Java, Indonesia—has exhibited since 1967. Mt. Semeru lies south of the Tengger Caldera, which encloses the volcano Mt. Bromo. Together, they form one of the largest volcanic complexes in the province of East Java.</p><p>Although Mt. Semeru is one of the most continuously active volcanos in Indonesia, it has been the subject of few scientific investigations. Observations of the volcano's activity are made from a distance and compiled in monthly and annual reports by the Volcanological Survey of Indonesia (VSI), but the most recent detailed map of the summit region was published in 1938 in the Atlas of the Dutch Colonies.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/94EO00969","usgsCitation":"Hellweg, P., Seidl, D., Sri Brotopuspito, K., and Brustle, W., 1994, Team investigates activity at Mt. Semeru, Java, volcano: Eos, American Geophysical Union, v. 75, no. 28, p. 313-317, https://doi.org/10.1029/94EO00969.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"313","endPage":"317","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":417135,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Indonesia","otherGeospatial":"Java, Mount Semeru","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              112.93820658484469,\n              -8.183333973159662\n            ],\n            [\n              112.99948017073672,\n              -8.13312083602797\n            ],\n            [\n              112.99546223067745,\n              -8.08837115575001\n            ],\n            [\n              112.96884337778971,\n              -8.055551564879892\n            ],\n            [\n              112.91510342950858,\n              -8.037648847654367\n            ],\n            [\n              112.8719105738802,\n              -8.048589491047792\n            ],\n            [\n              112.83374014332446,\n              -8.0699726225494\n            ],\n            [\n              112.82570426320791,\n              -8.121188075181507\n            ],\n            [\n              112.8638746937637,\n              -8.160962562657119\n            ],\n            [\n              112.93820658484469,\n              -8.183333973159662\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"75","issue":"28","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hellweg, Peggy","contributorId":102389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hellweg","given":"Peggy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":872942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seidl, Deiter","contributorId":305489,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seidl","given":"Deiter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":872943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sri Brotopuspito, Kirbani","contributorId":305490,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sri Brotopuspito","given":"Kirbani","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":872944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brustle, Wolfgang","contributorId":305491,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brustle","given":"Wolfgang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":872945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70243625,"text":"70243625 - 1994 - The seismic velocity structure of the Newfoundland Appalachian orogen","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-15T18:57:49.243083","indexId":"70243625","displayToPublicDate":"1994-07-10T13:49:53","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The seismic velocity structure of the Newfoundland Appalachian orogen","docAbstract":"<p><span>The deep structure of the Newfoundland Appalachian orogen is investigated by analyses of three intersecting seismic refraction/wide-angle reflection profiles which traverse the Gander and Dunnage zones or central mobile belt of Newfoundland. A simultaneous travel time inversion for velocity and interface was applied to the in-line seismic refraction/wide-angle reflection data and constrained by synthetic amplitude models. The results of the modeling procedure show a subhorizontally layered crust with upper crustal velocities ranging from 5.4 to 6.2 km/s, a midcrustal velocity of 6.25–6.35 km/s, and a lower crustal velocity of 6.7±0.2 km/s. The top of the lower crust is marked by a series of prominent reflections between 18 and 23 km depth which suggest a complex layered velocity interface. Strong laterally coherent Moho reflections indicate a sharp crust-mantle transition at 35 ± 3 km. The uppermost mantle has a velocity of 8.0±0.2 km/s, and a reflecting horizon at 55 km depth suggests an increase to velocities approaching 8.5 km/s. Normal moveout corrections applied to fan profiles provide constraining evidence for the reflecting horizon at the top of the lower crust and laterally continuous Moho reflections at 11–12 s two-way travel time. Comparisons with a coincident deep seismic reflection profile show that the refraction and reflection Mohos match to better than 2–3 km. Bulk Poisson's ratios of 0.23–0.24 for the whole crust calculated from&nbsp;</span><i>P<sub>m</sub>P</i><span>/</span><i>S<sub>m</sub>S</i><span>&nbsp;travel times suggest a crust dominated by quartzofeldspathic lithologies and a notable absence of voluminous mafic additions to the lower crust. The absence of a deep crustal root, coupled with the bulk intermediate composition inferred for the lower crust from the seismic refraction/wide-angle data, implies that the crust beneath central Newfoundland has undergone multiple periods of reactivation and equilibration following successive orogenic episodes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/94JB00653","usgsCitation":"Hughes, S., Hall, J., and Luetgert, J.H., 1994, The seismic velocity structure of the Newfoundland Appalachian orogen: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 99, no. B7, p. 13633-13653, https://doi.org/10.1029/94JB00653.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"13633","endPage":"13653","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":417059,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","state":"Newfoundland and Labrador","otherGeospatial":"Newfoundland","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -59.51136472850111,\n              47.94424995364702\n            ],\n            [\n              -59.28280402686646,\n              47.48176244084547\n            ],\n            [\n              -58.4484272552985,\n              47.56080806252484\n            ],\n            [\n              -58.01483066533466,\n              47.57615588023074\n            ],\n            [\n              -56.77954428954459,\n  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Jeremy","contributorId":305398,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hall","given":"Jeremy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":872654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luetgert, James H. luetgert@usgs.gov","contributorId":4203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luetgert","given":"James","email":"luetgert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":872655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70170923,"text":"70170923 - 1994 - Bottom-sediment chemistry in Devil's Lake, northeast North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-01T12:35:24","indexId":"70170923","displayToPublicDate":"1994-07-01T16:30:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3842,"text":"SEPM Special Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bottom-sediment chemistry in Devil's Lake, northeast North Dakota","docAbstract":"<p>Devils Lake is a 200 km<sup>2</sup> terminal lake that contains sodium sulfate type water. Dissolved solids concentrations range from about 3,500 mg/L to 10,000 mg/L depending on location To investigate geochemical processes in the bottom sediments of Devils Lake, sediment cores were collected at two sites in the western half of the lake during a period of bottom water oxygen depletion. The upper 10 cm of the sediments consist of about 60 weight percent silicates (quartz, feldspar, and clays) 35 weight percent carbonates and 5 weight percent organic material. At depths between 1 and 3 cm in the sediments bacterial sulfate reduction and associated degradation of organic material cause minima in sulfate concentrations and <span>&delta;</span><sup>13</sup>C values of dissolved inorganic carbon and maxima in alkalinity, ammonia, phosphate, and sulfide concentrations and <span>&delta;</span><sup>34</sup>S values of dissolved sulfate. Downward increases of sodium, magnesium, potassium, and calcium concentrations result from upward diffusion of ions from saline pore water and dissolving sulfate minerals below 30 cm depth in the sediments.</p>\n<p>High magnesium calcite 8 mole percent MgCO<sub>3</sub> is the most abundant carbonate at the sediment surface. With increasing depth abundances of high magnesium carbonate decrease and abundances of low magnesium calcite aragonite and dolomite increase. Carbon isotope compositions of bulk carbonates range from <span>&delta;</span><sup>13</sup>C = -0.7 to +0.5%. These values are close to equilibrium with dissolved inorganic carbon in lake water (<span>&delta;</span><sup>13</sup>C = -2%) but far from equilibrium with dissolved inorganic carbon in pore water (<span>&delta;</span><sup>13</sup>C = -16.3- -10/0%). Disequilibrium between pore water and carbonates suggests that the carbonates did not recrystallize substantially in the presence of pore water. Therefore the change of carbonate mineral proportions with depth in the sediments is due mainly to temporal changes in the proportions of endogenic, detrital, and biologic carbonates that were deposited on the lake bottom rather than postdepositional carbonate diagenesis.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Sedimentary Geology","usgsCitation":"Komor, S., 1994, Bottom-sediment chemistry in Devil's Lake, northeast North Dakota: SEPM Special Publication, p. 21-32.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"32","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321105,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":321104,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/sepm_sp/SP50/Bottom-Sediment_Chemistry.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Devil's Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -99.35760498046875,\n              47.83804887261066\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.35760498046875,\n              48.244796538712365\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.51852416992186,\n              48.244796538712365\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.51852416992186,\n              47.83804887261066\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.35760498046875,\n              47.83804887261066\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5733062de4b0dae0d5dcd1a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Komor, S.C.","contributorId":21182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Komor","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70129567,"text":"70129567 - 1994 - Climatic influences on the growth of subalpine trees in the Colorado Front Range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-23T13:43:00","indexId":"70129567","displayToPublicDate":"1994-07-01T13:37:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climatic influences on the growth of subalpine trees in the Colorado Front Range","docAbstract":"We examined variations in tree growth responses to climatic variations among different tree species and habitat types in the subalpine zone of the Colorado Front Range. We constructed 25 tree ring site chronologies (11 of <i>Picea engelmannii</i>, 9 of <i>Abies lasiocarpa</i>, 4 of <i>Pinus contorta</i> var. <i>latifolia</i>, and 1 of <i>Pinus flexilis</i>) from a series of subalpine habitats ranging from xeric to wet. To establish tree growth responses to climatic variation, we used correlation and response function analyses to compare variations in ring widths with monthly temperature and precipitation records. At the driest sites, growth of <i>Picea</i> and <i>Abies</i> tracked climatic variation similarly. At mesic and wet sites, however, these species differed in their responses to climatic variation. The responses of <i>Pinus contorta</i>, sampled over a narrower range of habitat types, differed from those of <i>Picea</i> and <i>Abies</i> but did not differ among sites. Steep environmental gradients in the subalpine zone of the Front Range accounted for most of the observed differences in growth responses to climatic variation. Even at adjacent sites that differ only slightly in topographic position, tree growth responses to climatic variation were distinct. Interspecific differences in response to climatic variations generally were less important than site differences. Intersite differences in tree growth responses to climatic variation can be used as indicators of environmental differences among subalpine habitats.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Brooklyn, NY","doi":"10.2307/1937468","usgsCitation":"Villalba, R., Veblen, T., and Ogden, J., 1994, Climatic influences on the growth of subalpine trees in the Colorado Front Range: Ecology, v. 75, no. 5, p. 1450-1462, https://doi.org/10.2307/1937468.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1450","endPage":"1462","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":295681,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295680,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1937468"}],"volume":"75","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"544a18bee4b04d2014abfb19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Villalba, Ricardo","contributorId":41766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villalba","given":"Ricardo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Veblen, Thomas T.","contributorId":71112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veblen","given":"Thomas T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ogden, John","contributorId":81040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ogden","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70129389,"text":"70129389 - 1994 - An alternative index of satellite telemetry location error","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-15T14:41:03","indexId":"70129389","displayToPublicDate":"1994-07-01T13:13:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An alternative index of satellite telemetry location error","docAbstract":"Existing indices of satellite telemetry error offer objective standards for censoring poor locations, but have drawbacks. Examining distances and relative directions between consecutive satellite telemetry locations, I developed an alternative error index, ξ, and compared its performance with that of the location quality index, NQ (Serv. Argos 1988). In controlled tests, ξ was more (P ≤ 0.005) effective for improving precision than was a threshold of NQ > 1. The ξ index also conferred greater control over the trade off between sample size and precision, making ξ more cost-effective than NQ. Performances of ξ and NQ were otherwise comparable. In field tests with bighorn sheep (<i>Ovis canadensis</i>), rejecting locations where ξ ≥ 1.5 km reduced (P < 0.001) longitudinal dispersion, the predominant error component. Longitudinal dispersion for these locations was less (P = 0.025) than for locations where NQ > 1 and 63% fewer data were censored, so that the extent of animals' movements was better indicated by using ξ rather than NQ. Because use of ξ may lead to underestimating the number of long-range, short-term forays (especially when the frequency of forays is high relative to sampling frequency), potential bias should be considered before using ξ. Nonetheless, ξ should be a useful alternative to NQ in many animal-tracking studies.","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.2307/3809311","usgsCitation":"Keating, K., 1994, An alternative index of satellite telemetry location error: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 58, no. 3, p. 414-421, https://doi.org/10.2307/3809311.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"414","endPage":"421","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":295574,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295573,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3809311"}],"volume":"58","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5447759fe4b0f888a81b82ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keating, Kim A.","contributorId":20271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keating","given":"Kim A.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":503655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70129379,"text":"70129379 - 1994 - Ecological economics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-14T17:50:19.495392","indexId":"70129379","displayToPublicDate":"1994-07-01T11:58:12","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecological economics","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.2307/1937476","usgsCitation":"Johnson, R., 1994, Ecological economics: Ecology, v. 75, no. 5, p. 1516-1517, https://doi.org/10.2307/1937476.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1516","endPage":"1517","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":295560,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"544775bfe4b0f888a81b8344","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Richard L.","contributorId":105248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Richard L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70094642,"text":"70094642 - 1994 - SUBCON: scientific drilling and crustal recycling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-21T10:49:19","indexId":"70094642","displayToPublicDate":"1994-07-01T10:43:55","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2127,"text":"JOI/USSAC Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"SUBCON: scientific drilling and crustal recycling","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"JOI/USSAC Newsletter","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc.","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Scholl, D.W., Plank, T., and Morris, J., 1994, SUBCON: scientific drilling and crustal recycling: JOI/USSAC Newsletter, v. 7, no. 2, p. 8-9.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"8","endPage":"9","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":282618,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,-90.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"7","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7145e4b0b29085107932","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scholl, David W. 0000-0001-6500-6962 dscholl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6500-6962","contributorId":3738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"David","email":"dscholl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plank, Terry","contributorId":16743,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Plank","given":"Terry","affiliations":[{"id":7135,"text":"Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":490721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morris, Julie","contributorId":13894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"Julie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70129015,"text":"70129015 - 1994 - Establishment, sex structure and breeding system of an exotic riparian willow, Salix X rubens","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-16T10:31:12","indexId":"70129015","displayToPublicDate":"1994-07-01T10:25:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Establishment, sex structure and breeding system of an exotic riparian willow, Salix X rubens","docAbstract":"Several Eurasian tree willows (<i>Salix</i> spp.) have become naturalized in riparian areas outside of their native range. <i>Salix x rubens</i> is a Eurasian willow that is conspicuous along streams in the high plains of Colorado. We examined establishment of seedlings and cuttings, the sex structure and the breeding system of <i>S. x rubens</i>. An experiment was conducted on establishment and growth of seedlings and cuttings under a range of hydrologic conditions. Seedlings became established under all conditions except when flooded, although many fewer seedlings became established where soil surface conditions were relatively dry. Cuttings became established under all experimental conditions, but most frequently where soil moisture was highest. The sex structure of <i>S. x rubens</i> was determined along several streams in the Colorado high plains. Of 2175 trees surveyed, >99% (2172) were female. <i>Salix x rubens</i> produce viable seed apparently as a result of hybridization with another Eurasian willow, <i>S. alba</i> var. <i>vitellina</i>. <i>Salix x rubens</i> often reproduces vegetatively, which, combined with low hybrid seedling survival in the field, may explain the unusual sex structure. <i>Salix x rubens</i> will likely continue to spread vegetatively in high plains riparian areas, and the potential for spread through hybridization could increase if males of compatible <i>Salix</i> spp. are planted near extant <i>S. x rubens</i>.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Midland Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Notre Dame","publisherLocation":"Notre Dame, IN","doi":"10.2307/2426210","usgsCitation":"Shafroth, P.B., Scott, M.L., Friedman, J.M., and Laven, R.D., 1994, Establishment, sex structure and breeding system of an exotic riparian willow, Salix X rubens: American Midland Naturalist, v. 132, no. 1, p. 159-172, https://doi.org/10.2307/2426210.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"159","endPage":"172","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":295380,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295378,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2426210"}],"volume":"132","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5440de28e4b0b0a643c732cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shafroth, Patrick B. 0000-0002-6064-871X shafrothp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6064-871X","contributorId":2000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafroth","given":"Patrick","email":"shafrothp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, Michael L. scottm@usgs.gov","contributorId":1169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Michael","email":"scottm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Friedman, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-1329-0663 friedmanj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-0663","contributorId":2473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Jonathan","email":"friedmanj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Laven, Richard D.","contributorId":11144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laven","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70243969,"text":"70243969 - 1994 - GPS measured rates of deformation in the northern San Francisco Bay Region, California, 1990–1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-26T15:15:13.069364","indexId":"70243969","displayToPublicDate":"1994-07-01T09:35:47","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"GPS measured rates of deformation in the northern San Francisco Bay Region, California, 1990–1993","docAbstract":"<p><span>A 100-km-long, 13-station profile extending across the San Andreas fault system north of San Francisco Bay was measured 7 times between March 1990 and January 1993 with the Global Positioning System (GPS). The data have been processed using the Bernese Version 3.2 software. Data from a continental-scale fiducial network were included in the solutions to aid orbit improvement and provide a consistent reference frame. We find 33 ± 2 mm/yr of fault-parallel (N33°W) shear evenly distributed southwest and northeast of the Rodgers Creek fault and a near linear velocity gradient across the profile. The profile spans most of the zone of active deformation associated with the San Andreas fault system. Shear is negligible at the east end of the profile near the Great Valley. Additional shear of a few millimeters per year is likely beyond Point Reyes Head, the west end of the profile. We observe no systematic convergence upon the fault. The GPS measured velocities are similar to those derived previously from trilateration. The velocity change across the GPS profile (31–35 mm/yr) plus that west of the profile (0–3 mm/yr) and that observed with VLBI east of the Sierra Nevada Mountains (∼10–12 mm/yr) accounts for the North American-Pacific plate rate (46–47 mm/yr).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/94GL01227","usgsCitation":"Williams, S.D., Svarc, J.L., Lisowski, M., and Prescott, W., 1994, GPS measured rates of deformation in the northern San Francisco Bay Region, California, 1990–1993: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 21, no. 14, p. 1511-1514, https://doi.org/10.1029/94GL01227.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1511","endPage":"1514","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":417497,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.67787296745597,\n              37.935723282750175\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.49240053350692,\n              37.582608421523375\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.19715869987414,\n              37.39940580401151\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.8413544388292,\n              37.3241930156277\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.39849168837979,\n              37.57360896549716\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.23951531642354,\n              37.9118365816349\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.33792926096763,\n              38.177138817390414\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.59531957746846,\n              38.30200351083394\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.27664688585205,\n              38.37325844916012\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.64759175375013,\n              38.18606483453169\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.67787296745597,\n              37.935723282750175\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, S. D. P.","contributorId":305832,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"D. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":873957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Svarc, Jerry L. 0000-0002-2802-4528 jsvarc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2802-4528","contributorId":2413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Svarc","given":"Jerry","email":"jsvarc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lisowski, Michael 0000-0003-4818-2504 mlisowski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4818-2504","contributorId":637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisowski","given":"Michael","email":"mlisowski@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Prescott, W.H.","contributorId":96337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prescott","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":873960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70243968,"text":"70243968 - 1994 - Speocarcinus berglundi n. sp. (Decapoda: Brachyura), a new crab from the Imperial Formation (late Miocene-late Pliocene) of southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-26T14:31:16.977665","indexId":"70243968","displayToPublicDate":"1994-07-01T08:31:24","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2412,"text":"Journal of Paleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"<i>Speocarcinus berglundi</i> n. sp. (Decapoda: Brachyura), a new crab from the Imperial Formation (late Miocene-late Pliocene) of southern California","title":"Speocarcinus berglundi n. sp. (Decapoda: Brachyura), a new crab from the Imperial Formation (late Miocene-late Pliocene) of southern California","docAbstract":"<p><i><span class=\"italic\">Speocarcinus berglundi</span></i><span><i>&nbsp;</i>n. sp. is described from the Imperial Formation in Riverside County, California. Although the Imperial Formation spans late Miocene through late Pliocene time, the part of the unit that bears crabs has been radiometrically dated as late Miocene. The identification of a new species was based upon comparison with four extant species and represents the first documented fossil occurrence for the genus. The occurrence of this new species suggests that the genus may have originated in the Pacific and, during the Miocene, dispersed through the Isthmus of Panama to the Caribbean. Two of the specimens exhibit parasitism by Bopyridae (Isopoda).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/S002233600002624X","usgsCitation":"Tucker, A.B., Feldmann, R., and Powell, C.L., 1994, Speocarcinus berglundi n. sp. (Decapoda: Brachyura), a new crab from the Imperial Formation (late Miocene-late Pliocene) of southern California: Journal of Paleontology, v. 68, no. 4, p. 800-807, https://doi.org/10.1017/S002233600002624X.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"800","endPage":"807","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":417494,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Riverside County","otherGeospatial":"Imperial 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Annette B.","contributorId":305831,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tucker","given":"Annette","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":873954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feldmann, R.M.","contributorId":19330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feldmann","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":873955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Powell, Charles L. II 0000-0002-1913-555X cpowell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1913-555X","contributorId":3243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"Charles","suffix":"II","email":"cpowell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":873956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70202981,"text":"70202981 - 1994 - Community‐level field method for testing the toxicity of contaminated sediments in estuaries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-18T14:14:22","indexId":"70202981","displayToPublicDate":"1994-07-01T07:56:25","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Community‐level field method for testing the toxicity of contaminated sediments in estuaries","docAbstract":"<p><span>The objective of this study was to demonstrate a method for testing the toxicity of contaminated sediments under field conditions. An artificial sediment that matches field sediment in grain‐size distribution and organic matter content was mixed from 11 components and used as the test substrate. Clean sediments and sediments spiked with zinc (∼8,000 mg/kg) were exposed in the field on a holding rack anchored on the bottom of Mobile Bay, Alabama. The abundance and diversity (species richness) of benthic invertebrate recruits were used as indicators of sediment quality. The number of recruits was significantly reduced by the presence of zinc in one‐week exposures.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620130720","usgsCitation":"Watzin, M.C., Roscigno, P.F., and Burke, W., 1994, Community‐level field method for testing the toxicity of contaminated sediments in estuaries: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 13, no. 7, p. 1187-1193, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620130720.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1187","endPage":"1193","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":362872,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1994-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watzin, Mary C.","contributorId":214534,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Watzin","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":760684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roscigno, Pasquale F.","contributorId":214752,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roscigno","given":"Pasquale","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":760685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burke, W. David","contributorId":214753,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burke","given":"W. David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":760686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70243967,"text":"70243967 - 1994 - Diagenesis of diatomite from the Kolubara Coal Basin, Baroševac, Serbia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-26T13:15:37.398894","indexId":"70243967","displayToPublicDate":"1994-07-01T07:53:33","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1782,"text":"Geological Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diagenesis of diatomite from the Kolubara Coal Basin, Baroševac, Serbia","docAbstract":"<p>Diatomite associated with the Kolubara Coal Basin was studied to better understand early stage silica diagenesis of shallow water deposits. The Kolubara Basin consists of Neogene siliciclastic rocks, diatomite, marlstone and rare carbonates. Palaeozoic metamorphic and Mesozoic sedimentary and igneous basement rocks are transgressively overlain by Upper Miocene sandstone, siltstone, shale and mudstone. This Upper Miocene section is transgressively overlain by the Pontian section, which contains diatomite and coal beds.</p><p>White and grey diatomite forms beds 0.7-2.2 m thick that are continuous over an area of about 2 km<sup>2</sup>. Siliceous rocks vary in composition from diatomite (81-89 per cent SiO<sub>2</sub>) to diatom-bearing shale (58-60 per cent SiO<sub>2</sub>). Siliceous deposits are laminated in places, with the laminae defined by variations in clay minerals, organic matter and diatoms. Diatomite shows only incipient diagenesis characterized by the fragmentation of diatom frustules, the minor to moderate corrosion of frustules and the formation of minor amounts of opal-A' (X-ray amorphous inorganic opal) cement. The low degree of diagenesis results from the young age of the deposits, low burial temperatures and possibly also from the presence of abundant organic matter and the dissolution of kaolinite. The presence of only weak diagenesis is also reflected by the characteristically poor consolidation of the rocks and low rank of the associated coal.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/gj.3350290303","usgsCitation":"Obradovic, J., Hein, J.R., and Djurdjevic, J., 1994, Diagenesis of diatomite from the Kolubara Coal Basin, Baroševac, Serbia: Geological Journal, v. 29, no. 3, p. 209-217, https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.3350290303.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"209","endPage":"217","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":417493,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Serbia","city":"Baroševac","otherGeospatial":"Kolubara Coal Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              20.3644717814619,\n              44.4003764845005\n            ],\n            [\n              20.3644717814619,\n              44.3892567423822\n            ],\n            [\n              20.403573410052047,\n              44.3892567423822\n            ],\n            [\n              20.403573410052047,\n              44.4003764845005\n            ],\n            [\n              20.3644717814619,\n              44.4003764845005\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-04-30","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Obradovic, J.","contributorId":305829,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Obradovic","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":873951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hein, James R. 0000-0002-5321-899X jhein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":140835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"James","email":"jhein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Djurdjevic, J.","contributorId":305830,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Djurdjevic","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":873953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5222739,"text":"5222739 - 1994 - Waterbird use of saltmarsh ponds created for open marsh water management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-06T16:29:16.905029","indexId":"5222739","displayToPublicDate":"1994-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Waterbird use of saltmarsh ponds created for open marsh water management","docAbstract":"<p>Open Marsh Water Management (OMWM) as an alternative to pesticides for mosquito control in saltmarshes along the Atlantic Coast has created debate among biologists. We designed an experiment to determine waterbird (American black duck [<i>Anas rubripe</i>]) and other waterfowl, wading birds, shorebirds, gulls, and terns) use (during daylight) of ponds created for mosquito control compared with use of pre-existing water bodies (i.e., natural tidal ponds, creeks, old ditches) and refuge impoundments. We also evaluated the influence of pond size and depth on waterbird use of wetlands. We documented bird use of different habitats for 1 year. The highest densities of waterfowl, in autumn, occurred in 0.030.06ha ponds (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) versus ponds either &lt;0.02 ha or &gt; 0.08 ha; highest shorebird densities occurred in summer in ponds &gt; 0.10 ha (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Pond depth affected shorebird and other waterfowl use in some seasons. Comparisons of mean number of birds using created (OMWM) ponds with mean number of birds using other water bodies revealed that most species showed no pattern (P &lt;0.05) of disproportionate use versus availability. At high tidal levels, most species groups used OMWM ponds in the marsh more often (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) than other water bodies. Black ducks and other waterfowl used nearby refuge impoundments in higher densities than they did OMWM ponds, for nesting and during autumn-winter (all <i>P</i>s &lt; 0.05). Creating small (&gt; 0.1 ha) ponds for mosquito control does not enhance waterbird habitat, at least not where large impoundments are in close proximity. We recommend that in areas where OMWM practices seem appropriate, fewer large (gt 0.10 ha) ponds be constructed with shallow (&lt; 15 cm) basins and sloping sides.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3809324","usgsCitation":"Erwin, R., Hatfield, J., Howe, M., and Klugman, S., 1994, Waterbird use of saltmarsh ponds created for open marsh water management: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 58, no. 3, p. 516-524, https://doi.org/10.2307/3809324.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"516","endPage":"524","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194284,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Edwin Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.43808165513374,\n              39.47906860528863\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.43808165513374,\n              39.45970976831751\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.39583797677635,\n              39.45970976831751\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.39583797677635,\n              39.47906860528863\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.43808165513374,\n              39.47906860528863\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"58","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4bc1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erwin, R. Michael 0000-0003-2108-9502","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2108-9502","contributorId":196583,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Erwin","given":"R. Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hatfield, Jeff S.","contributorId":41372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatfield","given":"Jeff S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Howe, Marshall","contributorId":146168,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howe","given":"Marshall","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Klugman, Susan","contributorId":107803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klugman","given":"Susan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5222652,"text":"5222652 - 1994 - Undernutrition and serum and urinary urea nitrogen of white-tailed deer during winter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-06T17:38:07.654556","indexId":"5222652","displayToPublicDate":"1994-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Undernutrition and serum and urinary urea nitrogen of white-tailed deer during winter","docAbstract":"<p>Direct, practical means of assessing undernutrition in deer (<i>Odocoileus</i> spp.) and other ungulates during winter are needed in areas of research and management. We examined the relationship between mass loss and serum urea nitrogen (SUN) and urinary urea nitrogen:creatinine (U:C) in captive white-tailed deer (<i>O. virginianus</i>). During 4 February-5 May 1988, we maintained 7 adult white-tailed deer on various feeding regimes to simulate natural nutritional restriction during winter. Mass loss was greater (<i>P</i> = 0.037) in deer (17.0-32.2%) fed restricted amounts of a low protein low energy diet versus control deer (7.0-17.4%) fed the same diet ad libitum. Serum triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations did not differ (<i>P</i> = 0.191) between groups, but declined (<i>P</i> = 0.001) as nutrition declined. Slopes of percent mass lossSUN and urinary U:C relationships were positive <i>(P</i> = 0.008 and 0.055) in 7 and 6 deer, respectively. Mean U:C was directly related (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.52, <i>P</i> = 0.040) to mean cumulative mass loss, whereas mean SUN was not (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.29, <i>P</i> = 0.125). Data presented support the potential of urinary U:C as an index of winter nutritional condition of white-tailed deer; however, additional research is required to provide a complete understanding of this index's utility under field conditions.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3809313","usgsCitation":"DelGiudice, G.D., Mech, L., and Seal, U.S., 1994, Undernutrition and serum and urinary urea nitrogen of white-tailed deer during winter: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 58, no. 3, p. 430-436, https://doi.org/10.2307/3809313.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"430","endPage":"436","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194344,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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 \"}}]}","volume":"58","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f547","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DelGiudice, Glenn D.","contributorId":32849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DelGiudice","given":"Glenn","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mech, L. David","contributorId":66609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L. David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seal, Ulysses S.","contributorId":25494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"Ulysses","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70185413,"text":"70185413 - 1994 - Geochemical interactions between constituents in acidic groundwater and alluvium in an aquifer near Globe, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-27T10:39:07","indexId":"70185413","displayToPublicDate":"1994-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical interactions between constituents in acidic groundwater and alluvium in an aquifer near Globe, Arizona","docAbstract":"<p>Acidic water from a copper-mining area has contaminated an alluvial aquifer and stream near Globe, Arizona. The most contaminated groundwater has a pH of 3.3, and contains about 100 mmol/1 SO<sub>4</sub>, 50 mmol/1 Fe, 11 mmol/1 Al and 3 mmol/1 Cu. Reactions between alluvium and acidic groundwater were first evaluated in laboratory column experiments. A geochemical model was developed and used in the equilibrium speciation program, MINTEQA2, to simulate breakthrough curves for different constituents from the column. The geochemical model was then used to simulate the measured changes in concentration of aqueous constituents along a flow path in the aquifer.</p><p>The pH was predominantly controlled by reaction with carbonate minerals. Where carbonates had been dissolved, adsorption of H<sup>+</sup> by iron oxides was used to simulate pH. Acidic groundwater contained little or no dissolved oxygen, and most aqueous Fe was present as Fe(II). In the anoxic core of the plume, Fe(II) was oxidized by MnO<sub>2</sub> to Fe(III), which then precipitated as Fe(OH)<sub>3</sub>. Attenuation of aqueous Cu, Co, Mn, Ni and Zn was a function of pH and could be quantitatively modeled with the diffuse-layer, surface complexation model in MINTEQA2. Aluminum precipitated as amorphous Al(OH)<sub>3</sub> at pH &lt; 4.7 and as AlOHSO<sub>4</sub> at pH &lt; 4.7. Aqueous Ca and SO<sub>4</sub>were close to equilibrium with gypsum.</p><p>After the alluvium in the column had reached equilibrium with acidic groundwater, uncontaminated groundwater was eluted through the column to evaluate the effect of reactants on groundwater remediation. The concentration of Fe, Mn, Cu, Co, Ni and Zn rapidly decreased to the detection limits within a few pore volumes. All of the gypsum that had precipitated initially redissolved, resulting in elevated Ca and SO<sub>4</sub>concentrations for about 5 pore volumes. Aluminum and pH exhibited the most potential for continued adverse effects on groundwater quality. As H<sup>+</sup> desorbed from Fe(OH)<sub>3</sub>, pH remained below 4.5 for more than 20 pore volumes, resulting in dissolution of AlOHSO<sub>4</sub> and elevated aqueous Al.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0883-2927(94)90058-2","usgsCitation":"Stollenwerk, K.G., 1994, Geochemical interactions between constituents in acidic groundwater and alluvium in an aquifer near Globe, Arizona: Applied Geochemistry, v. 9, no. 4, p. 353-369, https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(94)90058-2.","productDescription":"17 p. ","startPage":"353","endPage":"369","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337988,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d23b97e4b0236b68f8296e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stollenwerk, Kenneth G. kgstolle@usgs.gov","contributorId":578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stollenwerk","given":"Kenneth","email":"kgstolle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":685508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70187191,"text":"70187191 - 1994 - Climate, soil water storage, and the average annual water balance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T10:06:28","indexId":"70187191","displayToPublicDate":"1994-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate, soil water storage, and the average annual water balance","docAbstract":"<p><span>This paper describes the development and testing of the hypothesis that the long-term water balance is determined only by the local interaction of fluctuating water supply (precipitation) and demand (potential evapotranspiration), mediated by water storage in the soil. Adoption of this hypothesis, together with idealized representations of relevant input variabilities in time and space, yields a simple model of the water balance of a finite area having a uniform climate. The partitioning of average annual precipitation into evapotranspiration and runoff depends on seven dimensionless numbers: the ratio of average annual potential evapotranspiration to average annual precipitation (index of dryness); the ratio of the spatial average plant-available water-holding capacity of the soil to the annual average precipitation amount; the mean number of precipitation events per year; the shape parameter of the gamma distribution describing spatial variability of storage capacity; and simple measures of the seasonality of mean precipitation intensity, storm arrival rate, and potential evapotranspiration. The hypothesis is tested in an application of the model to the United States east of the Rocky Mountains, with no calibration. Study area averages of runoff and evapotranspiration, based on observations, are 263 mm and 728 mm, respectively; the model yields corresponding estimates of 250 mm and 741 mm, respectively, and explains 88% of the geographical variance of observed runoff within the study region. The differences between modeled and observed runoff can be explained by uncertainties in the model inputs and in the observed runoff. In the humid (index of dryness &lt;1) parts of the study area, the dominant factor producing runoff is the excess of annual precipitation over annual potential evapotranspiration, but runoff caused by variability of supply and demand over time is also significant; in the arid (index of dryness &gt;1) parts, all of the runoff is caused by variability of forcing over time. Contributions to model runoff attributable to small-scale spatial variability of storage capacity are insignificant throughout the study area. The consistency of the model with observational data is supportive of the supply-demand-storage hypothesis, which neglects infiltration excess runoff and other finite-permeability effects on the soil water balance.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/94WR00586","usgsCitation":"Milly, P., 1994, Climate, soil water storage, and the average annual water balance: Water Resources Research, v. 30, no. 7, p. 2143-2156, https://doi.org/10.1029/94WR00586.","productDescription":"14 p. ","startPage":"2143","endPage":"2156","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":340424,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59006082e4b0e85db3a5df08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milly, P. C. D.","contributorId":100489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milly","given":"P. C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1001115,"text":"1001115 - 1994 - Tundra swan habitat preferences during migration in North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-06T15:22:52.728814","indexId":"1001115","displayToPublicDate":"1994-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tundra swan habitat preferences during migration in North Dakota","docAbstract":"<p>I studied tundra swan (Cygnus columbianus columbianus) habitat preference in North Dakota during autumn migration, 1988-89. Many thousand tundra swans stop in the Prairie Pothole region during autumn migration, but swan resource use has not been quantified. I examined habitat preference in relation to an index of sago pondweed (<i>Potamogeton pectinatus</i>) presence, extent of open water, and wetland size. I compared habitat preference derived from counts of all swans to those derived from foraging swans only and cygnets only. Foraging swans preferred wetlands with sago pondweed (<i>P</i> = 0.03); the number of foraging swans per wetland was &gt;4 times higher on wetlands with sago pondweed than on wetlands without sago. In contrast, nonforaging swans did not prefer wetlands with sago pondweed (<i>P</i> = 0.85) but preferred large wetlands (<i>P</i> = 0.02) and those with a high proportion of contiguous open water (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.01). Thus, conclusions about habitat preference derived from counts of all swans, most of which were nonforaging, would not have revealed the importance of sago pondweed. Cygnets were more likely to be feeding than adults (<i>P</i> = 0.03) and occurred proportionately more often in smaller flocks (<i>P</i> = 0.04), but cygnets and adults had similar habitat preferences.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3809327","usgsCitation":"Earnst, S.L., 1994, Tundra swan habitat preferences during migration in North Dakota: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 58, no. 3, p. 546-551, https://doi.org/10.2307/3809327.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"546","endPage":"551","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133849,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","county":"Kidder County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-100.1129,47.3272],[-100.0347,47.327],[-99.6498,47.3274],[-99.6077,47.3267],[-99.5248,47.3275],[-99.4801,47.3267],[-99.4827,47.1558],[-99.4826,47.0396],[-99.4821,47.0249],[-99.4822,47.0162],[-99.4824,47.0089],[-99.4821,46.9795],[-99.4476,46.9788],[-99.4477,46.8044],[-99.4498,46.6319],[-99.912,46.6319],[-100.0799,46.6316],[-100.0794,46.705],[-100.0794,46.7123],[-100.0792,46.7454],[-100.0791,46.7513],[-100.0777,46.9794],[-100.1162,46.98],[-100.1139,47.1567],[-100.1129,47.3272]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Kidder\",\"state\":\"ND\"}}]}","volume":"58","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db62411d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Earnst, Susan L. susan_earnst@usgs.gov","contributorId":4446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Earnst","given":"Susan","email":"susan_earnst@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1014664,"text":"1014664 - 1994 - Requirement of rainbow trout for dietary phosphorus and its relationship to the amount discharged hatchery effluents","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-06T15:26:32.281732","indexId":"1014664","displayToPublicDate":"1994-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Requirement of rainbow trout for dietary phosphorus and its relationship to the amount discharged hatchery effluents","docAbstract":"<p><span id=\"_mce_caret\" data-mce-bogus=\"1\" data-mce-type=\"format-caret\"><span>Fingerling rainbow trout&nbsp;</span><i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i><span>&nbsp;with initial mean weights of 9 g (small fish) and 35 g (large fish) were fed diets adequate in all known nutrients except phosphorus (P). In two experiments, triplicate lots of rainbow trout were fed basal diets containing either 0.14 or 0.41% non‐phytin P, with or without graded levels of supplemental P. Deficiency of P reduced growth, feed efficiency (weight gained/weight fed), bone ash, and whole‐body ash contents. The requirement for non‐phytin P by small trout for maximum growth and feed efficiency was not more than 0.41% of diet: The requirement by large trout was between 0.34 and 0.54% of diet. The requirement of non‐phytin P for maximum bone ash development was about 0.51% of diet for small trout and more than 0.54% for large trout. Whole‐body phosphorus content of small trout suggested a requirement above 0.51% but not more than 0.61% non‐phytin phosphorus. Although an effect of size of trout on the requirement was not clearly demonstrated, these results show that trout required more dietary P for bone mineralization than for weight gain. The minimum dietary requirement for non‐phytin P for bone mineralization was probably between 0.54 and 0.61% of diet. Discharges of P into effluent water increased significantly as trout were fed increasing levels of P. When trout were fed 0.61% available P, approximately 67% of P consumed was retained, and discharges of soluble P in effluents were 2.0 g P/kg weight gain or 1.8 g P/kg feed fed.</span></span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1994)123<0587:RORTFD>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Ketola, H.G., and Richmond, M.E., 1994, Requirement of rainbow trout for dietary phosphorus and its relationship to the amount discharged hatchery effluents: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 123, no. 4, p. 587-594, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1994)123<0587:RORTFD>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"587","endPage":"594","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132278,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"123","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a55e4b07f02db62c6ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ketola, H. G.","contributorId":60976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ketola","given":"H.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richmond, M. E.","contributorId":22729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70185733,"text":"70185733 - 1994 - Methanolobus taylorii sp nov, a new methylotropic, estuarine methanogen","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-14T17:40:21.293064","indexId":"70185733","displayToPublicDate":"1994-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2075,"text":"International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"<i>Methanolobus taylorii</i> sp nov, a new methylotropic, estuarine methanogen","title":"Methanolobus taylorii sp nov, a new methylotropic, estuarine methanogen","docAbstract":"<p><span>Previously published phylogenetic studies of 16S rRNA showed that methylotrophic, slightly halophilic, methanogenic strain GS-16</span><sup>T</sup><span>&nbsp;(T = type strain) represents a new species of bacterium. We propose the name&nbsp;</span><span class=\"jp-italic\">Methanolobus taylorii</span><span>&nbsp;for this species; strain GS-16 is the type strain.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Microbiology Society","doi":"10.1099/00207713-44-3-573","usgsCitation":"Oremland, R.S., and Boone, D.R., 1994, Methanolobus taylorii sp nov, a new methylotropic, estuarine methanogen: International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, v. 44, no. 3, p. 573-575, https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-44-3-573.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"573","endPage":"575","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479328,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-44-3-573","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":338475,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58db7637e4b0ee37af29e4d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oremland, Ronald S. 0000-0001-7382-0147 roremlan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7382-0147","contributorId":931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"Ronald","email":"roremlan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boone, David R.","contributorId":173348,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boone","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70186531,"text":"70186531 - 1994 - Correlation of basinal carbonate cycles to nearshore parasequences in the Late Cretaceous Greenhorn seaway, Western Interior U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-18T16:01:29.893034","indexId":"70186531","displayToPublicDate":"1994-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Correlation of basinal carbonate cycles to nearshore parasequences in the Late Cretaceous Greenhorn seaway, Western Interior U.S.A.","docAbstract":"<p id=\"p-1\">Upper Cretaceous limestone-shale couplets developed within the late transgressive stage of the Greenhorn cyclothem may be correlated from carbonate-dominated (basinal) sequences in central Kansas and Colorado westward to clastic cycles in southern Utah. Six such basinal couplets have been traced to corresponding upward-coarsening progradational cycles developed on the western margin of the Western Interior basin. In the central basin in Colorado and Kansas, these sedimentary cycles are represented by limestone-shale and marlstone-shale couplets ∼0.5-1.0 m in thickness. More calcareous parts of these couplets may be correlated westward into condensed, fossiliferous concretion and shell beds in proximal offshore lithofacies of Arizona and Utah. These concretion and shell beds are physically traceable farther landward (westward) into bioturbated, fossil-rich, transgressive lag deposits that bound 10- to 20-m-thick coarsening-upward progradational strand-plain deposits (parasequences) in southwestern Utah. Thus, the progra-dational phase of parasequence deposition correlates with accumulation of clay-rich sediment in the central basin, and the transgressive phase is characterized by reduced terrigenous input and deposition of carbonate-rich sediment.</p><p id=\"p-2\">We consider Milankovitch-style orbital forcing of climate and tectonically induced fluctuations in rates of foredeep basin subsidence as possible forcing mechanisms for these basinwide events. Based on the widespread distribution of the limestone-shale couplets, as well as on estimated sedimentation rates and geochronology, it has been widely speculated that these carbonate cycles reflect Milankovitch cycles with periodicities on the order of 20 k.y. to 100 k.y. If so, then stratigraphic data suggest that orbital forcing of climate affected eustasy and/or sediment input and biogenic production in the Western Interior basin. Alternatively, thrusting events in the Sevier orogenic belt may have produced episodic changes in the rates of foredeep basin subsidence and consequent changes in base level, which could have controlled the deposition of the Greenhorn parasequences and carbonate cycles. In either case, correlation of these units demonstrates a consistent basinwide sedimentary response to high-frequency base level or sediment input changes in the Western Interior epicontinental basin.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1994)106<0892:COBCCT>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Elder, W.P., Gustason, E.R., and Sageman, B.B., 1994, Correlation of basinal carbonate cycles to nearshore parasequences in the Late Cretaceous Greenhorn seaway, Western Interior U.S.A.: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 106, no. 7, p. 892-902, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1994)106<0892:COBCCT>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"892","endPage":"902","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339193,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Colorado, Kansas, Utah","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-109.045223,36.999084],[-109.050044,31.332502],[-111.074825,31.332239],[-112.246102,31.704195],[-113.125961,31.97278],[-114.250775,32.32391],[-114.813613,32.494277],[-114.812635,32.506918],[-114.804694,32.512476],[-114.804958,32.517506],[-114.811576,32.523594],[-114.802181,32.536414],[-114.805966,32.545346],[-114.792065,32.555009],[-114.794635,32.563564],[-114.810517,32.563828],[-114.801877,32.57601],[-114.803879,32.580889],[-114.799737,32.592178],[-114.801548,32.598591],[-114.807906,32.602783],[-114.809393,32.617119],[-114.799302,32.625115],[-114.791179,32.621833],[-114.781872,32.62505],[-114.779215,32.633579],[-114.764382,32.642666],[-114.765067,32.648047],[-114.748,32.664184],[-114.744491,32.678671],[-114.730086,32.704298],[-114.701918,32.745548],[-114.688779,32.737675],[-114.618373,32.728245],[-114.614772,32.734089],[-114.581784,32.734946],[-114.581736,32.742321],[-114.564508,32.742298],[-114.564447,32.749554],[-114.539224,32.749812],[-114.539093,32.756949],[-114.526856,32.757094],[-114.532432,32.776923],[-114.528849,32.796307],[-114.510217,32.816417],[-114.494116,32.823288],[-114.468971,32.845155],[-114.462929,32.907944],[-114.47664,32.923628],[-114.48092,32.935252],[-114.469113,32.952673],[-114.467664,32.966861],[-114.469039,32.972295],[-114.476156,32.975168],[-114.488625,32.969946],[-114.492938,32.971781],[-114.499797,33.003905],[-114.511343,33.023455],[-114.523578,33.030961],[-114.571653,33.036624],[-114.589778,33.026228],[-114.618788,33.027202],[-114.628293,33.031052],[-114.64598,33.048903],[-114.662317,33.032671],[-114.673659,33.041897],[-114.674296,33.057171],[-114.686991,33.070969],[-114.688597,33.082869],[-114.70473,33.087051],[-114.707819,33.091102],[-114.696829,33.131209],[-114.687074,33.142196],[-114.679359,33.159519],[-114.680248,33.169717],[-114.675831,33.18152],[-114.678749,33.203448],[-114.673626,33.223121],[-114.689421,33.24525],[-114.672088,33.258499],[-114.680507,33.273577],[-114.72167,33.286982],[-114.731223,33.302434],[-114.707962,33.323421],[-114.698035,33.352442],[-114.708408,33.384147],[-114.725282,33.405048],[-114.701732,33.408388],[-114.687953,33.417944],[-114.673901,33.418299],[-114.658382,33.413036],[-114.643302,33.416745],[-114.62964,33.428138],[-114.622283,33.447558],[-114.623395,33.45449],[-114.591554,33.499443],[-114.569533,33.509219],[-114.560963,33.516739],[-114.559507,33.530724],[-114.524599,33.552231],[-114.5403,33.580615],[-114.540617,33.591412],[-114.524813,33.611351],[-114.529662,33.622794],[-114.526947,33.637534],[-114.530244,33.65014],[-114.525201,33.661583],[-114.531523,33.675108],[-114.523959,33.685879],[-114.496489,33.696901],[-114.494197,33.707922],[-114.496565,33.719155],[-114.512348,33.734214],[-114.504483,33.750998],[-114.504863,33.760465],[-114.52805,33.814963],[-114.51997,33.825381],[-114.529597,33.848063],[-114.528451,33.854929],[-114.516811,33.85812],[-114.503017,33.867998],[-114.503395,33.875018],[-114.518928,33.891714],[-114.50792,33.903807],[-114.518434,33.917518],[-114.533679,33.926072],[-114.535478,33.934651],[-114.522002,33.955623],[-114.499883,33.961789],[-114.467932,33.992877],[-114.462377,33.993781],[-114.46283,34.008421],[-114.443821,34.016176],[-114.438266,34.022609],[-114.434949,34.037784],[-114.43934,34.057893],[-114.434181,34.087379],[-114.415908,34.107636],[-114.405941,34.11154],[-114.390565,34.110084],[-114.366521,34.118575],[-114.353031,34.133121],[-114.320777,34.138635],[-114.287294,34.170529],[-114.254141,34.173831],[-114.229715,34.186928],[-114.223384,34.205136],[-114.211761,34.211539],[-114.159697,34.258242],[-114.139055,34.259538],[-114.134612,34.263518],[-114.138167,34.300936],[-114.157206,34.317862],[-114.176909,34.349306],[-114.199482,34.361373],[-114.226107,34.365916],[-114.264317,34.401329],[-114.286802,34.40534],[-114.294836,34.421389],[-114.32613,34.437251],[-114.335372,34.450038],[-114.373719,34.446938],[-114.386699,34.457911],[-114.378124,34.507288],[-114.380838,34.529724],[-114.405228,34.569637],[-114.422382,34.580711],[-114.429747,34.591734],[-114.424202,34.610453],[-114.438739,34.621455],[-114.441465,34.64253],[-114.451753,34.654321],[-114.451971,34.666795],[-114.465246,34.691202],[-114.470477,34.711368],[-114.516619,34.736745],[-114.529615,34.750822],[-114.552682,34.766871],[-114.57101,34.794294],[-114.576452,34.8153],[-114.586842,34.835672],[-114.623939,34.859738],[-114.634382,34.87289],[-114.636725,34.889107],[-114.630877,34.907263],[-114.633253,34.924608],[-114.629769,34.94304],[-114.635237,34.965149],[-114.629015,34.986148],[-114.636674,35.008807],[-114.636893,35.028367],[-114.627124,35.044721],[-114.606694,35.058941],[-114.602908,35.068588],[-114.613132,35.083097],[-114.642831,35.096503],[-114.646759,35.101872],[-114.629934,35.118272],[-114.619905,35.121632],[-114.59912,35.12105],[-114.578524,35.12875],[-114.572747,35.138725],[-114.569238,35.18348],[-114.572119,35.20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 \"}}]}","volume":"106","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e60277e4b09da6799ac6a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elder, William P.","contributorId":61058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elder","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gustason, Edmund R.","contributorId":190500,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gustason","given":"Edmund","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sageman, Bradley B.","contributorId":168322,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sageman","given":"Bradley","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":25254,"text":"Northwestern University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":688627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70186200,"text":"70186200 - 1994 - Marginal bed load transport in a gravel bed stream, Sagehen Creek, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T09:56:10","indexId":"70186200","displayToPublicDate":"1994-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Marginal bed load transport in a gravel bed stream, Sagehen Creek, California","docAbstract":"<p><span>Marginal bed load transport describes the condition when relatively few bed particles are moving at any time. Bed particles resting in the shallowest bed pockets will move when the dimensionless shear stress т</span><sup>*</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>exceeds a value of about 0.020. As т</span><sup>*</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>increases, the number of bed particles moving increases. Significant motion of bed particles, i.e., when a substantial fraction of the bed particles are moving, occurs when т</span><sup>*</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>exceeds a value of about 0.060. Thus marginal bed load transport occurs over the domain 0.020 &lt; т</span><sup>*</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>&lt; 0.060. Marginal bed load transport rates and associated hydraulic characteristics of Sagehen Creek, a small mountain gravel bed stream, were measured on 55 days at discharges ranging from slightly less than one half of the bank-full discharge to more than 4 times the bank-full discharge. Dimensionless shear stress varied from 0.032 to 0.042, and bed particles as large as the 80th percentile of the bed surface were transported. The relation between reference dimensionless shear stress and relative particle protrusion for Sagehen Creek was determined by varying т</span><sup>*</sup><sub><i>ri</i></sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>to obtain the best fit of the Parker bed load function to the measured transport rates. During the period of record (water years 1954–1991), the mean annual quantity of bed load transported past the Sagehen Creek gage was 24.7 tons. Forty-seven percent of all bed load transported during the 38 years of record occurred in just 6 years. During 10 of the 38 years of record, essentially no bed load was transported. The median diameter of bed load was 26 mm, compared to 58 mm in the surface bed material.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/94WR00553","usgsCitation":"Andrews, E., 1994, Marginal bed load transport in a gravel bed stream, Sagehen Creek, California: Water Resources Research, v. 30, no. 7, p. 2241-2250, https://doi.org/10.1029/94WR00553.","productDescription":"10 p. ","startPage":"2241","endPage":"2250","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":338963,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sagehen Creek ","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.28286933898926,\n              39.43990513074364\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.29617309570312,\n              39.43334247841514\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.29145240783691,\n              39.42730959611188\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.24149894714355,\n              39.41769568245275\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.21042823791505,\n              39.428171468420906\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.19309043884277,\n              39.43360764807011\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.17746925354002,\n              39.44812414634239\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.17626762390138,\n              39.45594456691235\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.17772674560547,\n              39.455878295852344\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.19523620605467,\n              39.442556532077376\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.21137237548828,\n              39.44156226840511\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.23368835449219,\n              39.44275538310862\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.25986671447754,\n              39.440170275418886\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.27497291564941,\n              39.44693112361462\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.2823543548584,\n              39.44109827383404\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.28286933898926,\n              39.43990513074364\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58df6ac9e4b02ff32c6aea81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, E.D.","contributorId":13922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5222752,"text":"5222752 - 1994 - Mourning dove population trend estimates from Call-Count and North American Breeding Bird Surveys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-09T14:15:27.219485","indexId":"5222752","displayToPublicDate":"1994-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mourning dove population trend estimates from Call-Count and North American Breeding Bird Surveys","docAbstract":"<p>The mourning dove (<i>Zenaida macrour</i>a) Call-count Survey and the North American Breeding Bird Survey provide information on population trends of mourning doves throughout the continental United States. Because surveys are an integral part of the development of hunting regulations, a need exists to determine which survey provides precise information. We estimated population trends from 1966 to 1988 by state and dove management unit, and assessed the relative efficiency of each survey. Estimates of population trend differ (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) between surveys in 11 of 48 states; 9 of 11 states with divergent results occur in the Eastern Management Unit. Differences were probably a consequence of smaller sample sizes in the Callcount Survey. The Breeding Bird Survey generally provided trend estimates with smaller variances than did the Callcount Survey. Although the Callcount Survey probably provides more withinroute accuracy because of survey methods and timing, the Breeding Bird Survey has a larger sample size of survey routes and greater consistency of coverage in the Eastern Unit.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3809323","usgsCitation":"Sauer, J., Dolton, D., and Droege, S., 1994, Mourning dove population trend estimates from Call-Count and North American Breeding Bird Surveys: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 58, no. 3, p. 506-515, https://doi.org/10.2307/3809323.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"506","endPage":"515","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196867,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"continental United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    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,{"id":70207657,"text":"70207657 - 1994 - Timing of remigial molt in fulvous whistling ducks nesting in Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-02T16:09:08","indexId":"70207657","displayToPublicDate":"1994-06-30T15:59:57","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3451,"text":"Southwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Timing of remigial molt in fulvous whistling ducks nesting in Louisiana","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Southwestern Association of Naturalists","doi":"10.2307/3672248","usgsCitation":"Hohman, W.L., and Richard, D.M., 1994, Timing of remigial molt in fulvous whistling ducks nesting in Louisiana: Southwestern Naturalist, v. 39, no. 2, p. 190-192, https://doi.org/10.2307/3672248.","productDescription":"3 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,{"id":70205041,"text":"70205041 - 1994 - Distribution and status of submerged vegetation in estuaries of the upper Texas coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-28T15:16:18","indexId":"70205041","displayToPublicDate":"1994-06-30T15:08:50","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and status of submerged vegetation in estuaries of the upper Texas coast","docAbstract":"<p><span>Composition and biomass of beds of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) in estuaries along the upper Texas coast were examined from bottom core and rake samples taken along 72 line transects during July–August 1987. Substrate composition, salinity, water depth, and water clarity were also measured at each sample station.&nbsp;</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Halodule wrightii</i><span>&nbsp;was the dominant species of SAV meadows (69% occurrence), followed by&nbsp;</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Ruppia maritima</i><span>&nbsp;(36%).&nbsp;</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Najas guadalupensis&nbsp;</i><span>and&nbsp;</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Vallisneria americana</i><span>&nbsp;were only found in the shallow (&lt;60 cm), oligohaline (&lt;10 ppt) waters of Trinity Bay.&nbsp;</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Halophila engelmannii</i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Thalassia testudinum</i><span>&nbsp;were only found in the deeper (35–110 cm) euhaline waters (30–40 ppt) of Christmas and Matagorda Bays.&nbsp;</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">H. wrightii&nbsp;</i><span>and&nbsp;</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">R. maritima</i><span>&nbsp;occurred across the greatest depth and salinity spectra, with&nbsp;</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">R. maritima</i><span>&nbsp;more prominent in shallower (&lt;90 cm) mixohaline waters (10–30 ppt) and</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">H. wrightii</i><span>&nbsp;more prominent in euhaline waters (30–40 ppt). Beds of SAV were more extensive and had greater biomass along south shorelines compared to north shorelines (P&lt;0.045), and depth to which vegetation grew was positively correlated with water clarity (r=0.927, P&lt;0.001). The correlations of water depth, salinity, and water clarity with variation in SAV species composition and distribution suggest that abiotic tolerances documented by previous experimental studies are major factors influencing field distributions. Comparisons with similar field data from the early 1970s corroborate the reported decrease in SAV in the Galveston Bay complex and suggest a slight increase in the Matagorda Bay complex. Decline of SAV in the Galveston Bay complex coincided with major shorefront development and a decline in numbers of wintering redhead ducks&nbsp;</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Aythya americana</i><span>. Protection of shorelines of upper coast estuaries is vital to maintaining SAV resources and the dependent fauna. Where possible, barrier island preserves should be established adjacent to beds of-SAV and development restrictions implemented to reduce impacts.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF03160627","usgsCitation":"Adair, S., Moore, J., and Onuf, C.P., 1994, Distribution and status of submerged vegetation in estuaries of the upper Texas coast: Wetlands, v. 14, no. 2, p. 110-121, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03160627.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"110","endPage":"121","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":367026,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -96.43661499023436,\n              28.44454394857482\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.38442993164062,\n              28.374485465612306\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.3446044921875,\n              28.34306490482549\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.3009033203125,\n              28.862715733983915\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.5538330078125,\n              29.379781767454972\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.33135986328124,\n              29.537619205973428\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.73236083984375,\n              29.920423069383865\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.06744384765625,\n              30.120185233002733\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.19378662109375,\n              30.157002087161636\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.01364135742188,\n              29.40371231103247\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.89529418945312,\n              28.95528229297461\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.43661499023436,\n              28.44454394857482\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adair, S.E.","contributorId":8276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adair","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":769724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, J.L.","contributorId":29100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":769725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Onuf, Christopher P.","contributorId":55091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Onuf","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":769726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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