We measured aquatic invertebrate abundance, standing stock biomass, and community production in three types of wetlands on Noxubee National Wildlife Refuge from December 1987 through April 1988. Together, Orthocyclops modestus and Daphnia pulex were the most abundant organisms collected in all habitats during both winter and spring, but each contributed little to total standing stock biomass or production. Caecidotea communis and Pristina osborni made up ≥47% of the total standing stock biomass at each site during both winter (December–February) and spring (March–May). Crangonyx gracilis, Chironomus spp., Chaoborus punctipennis, and Eclipidrilus spp. each contributed ≥5% of the total biomass at one or more wetland habitats. Estimates of aquatic invertebrate community production ranged from 930 to 1,578 mg dry weight/m2 among wetland types during winter and from 3,306 to 5,421 mg dry weight/m2 among wetland types during spring. Caecidotea communis and Pristina osborni contributed most to community production during both seasons, but particularly in beaver ponds during spring. Other taxa made up substantial portions of the community production in one or two wetland habitats.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF03160625","usgsCitation":"Duffy, W.G., and LaBar, D., 1994, Aquatic invertebrate production in southeastern USA wetlands during winter and spring: Wetlands, v. 14, no. 2, p. 88-97, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03160625.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"88","endPage":"97","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371170,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Noxubee National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.86943817138672,\n 33.23179557851464\n ],\n [\n -88.71082305908202,\n 33.23179557851464\n ],\n [\n -88.71082305908202,\n 33.319340333534996\n ],\n [\n -88.86943817138672,\n 33.319340333534996\n ],\n [\n -88.86943817138672,\n 33.23179557851464\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duffy, Walter G. wgd7001@usgs.gov","contributorId":2491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duffy","given":"Walter","email":"wgd7001@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LaBar, Douglas","contributorId":221647,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"LaBar","given":"Douglas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70209800,"text":"70209800 - 1994 - Preliminary U-series disequilibrium and thermoluminescence ages of surficial deposits and paleosols associated with Quaternary faults, eastern Yucca Mountain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-29T16:05:17.130121","indexId":"70209800","displayToPublicDate":"1994-06-30T10:57:50","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Preliminary U-series disequilibrium and thermoluminescence ages of surficial deposits and paleosols associated with Quaternary faults, eastern Yucca Mountain","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"High Level Radioactive Waste Management 1994","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"International high-level radioactive waste management conference","conferenceDate":"May 22-26, 1994","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","usgsCitation":"Paces, J.B., Menges, C.M., Wildmann, B., Wesling, J.R., Bush, C.A., Futa, K., Millard, H.T., Maat, P., and Whitney, J.W., 1994, Preliminary U-series disequilibrium and thermoluminescence ages of surficial deposits and paleosols associated with Quaternary faults, eastern Yucca Mountain, in High Level Radioactive Waste Management 1994, Las Vegas, NV, May 22-26, 1994, p. 2391-2401.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2391","endPage":"2401","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374356,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":374354,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://cedb.asce.org/CEDBsearch/record.jsp?dockey=0088213"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Yucca Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.48254394531249,\n 36.91352904330221\n ],\n [\n -116.43602371215822,\n 36.91352904330221\n ],\n [\n -116.43602371215822,\n 36.95757376878687\n ],\n [\n -116.48254394531249,\n 36.95757376878687\n ],\n [\n -116.48254394531249,\n 36.91352904330221\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paces, James B. 0000-0002-9809-8493 jbpaces@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-8493","contributorId":2514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paces","given":"James","email":"jbpaces@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Menges, Christopher M. 0000-0002-8045-2933 cmmenges@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8045-2933","contributorId":167644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menges","given":"Christopher","email":"cmmenges@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wildmann, B.","contributorId":224394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wildmann","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wesling, J. 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T.","contributorId":38587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Millard","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Maat, P. B.","contributorId":41070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maat","given":"P. 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Beds at the center of the structure within the central uplift have been raised as much as 200 m from depth and deformed by convergent flow. Seismic reflection data indicate that deformation extends to depths of only ≈800 m; at greater depths the reflectors are nearly flat lying, indicating little or no deformation. Gravity data show residual anomalies of +1.0 mGal coincident with the central uplift and a −0.5 Mgal low associated with the ring structural depression. Modeling of the gravity data indicates that relatively high-density material occurs within the central uplift, whereas the ring depression is filled with low-density material. The deformation at Mount Toondina is typical of a complex impact crater; the 4-km diameter is consistent with the expected threshold size for complex craters formed in weak to moderate strength sedimentary rocks.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Birding Association","usgsCitation":"Peterjohn, B., 1994, The North American Breeding Bird Survey: Birding, v. 26, no. 6, p. 386-398.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"386","endPage":"398","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201953,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.41015624999999,\n 34.59704151614417\n ],\n [\n -111.97265625,\n 32.10118973232094\n ],\n [\n -103.18359375,\n 30.600093873550072\n ],\n [\n -97.3828125,\n 26.115985925333536\n ],\n [\n -89.296875,\n 28.304380682962783\n ],\n [\n -80.15625,\n 24.206889622398023\n ],\n [\n -79.8046875,\n 30.751277776257812\n ],\n [\n -72.421875,\n 39.232253141714885\n ],\n [\n -56.25,\n 45.706179285330855\n ],\n [\n -48.33984375,\n 47.040182144806664\n ],\n [\n -62.40234375,\n 61.438767493682825\n ],\n [\n -60.64453125000001,\n 67.2720426739952\n ],\n [\n -78.046875,\n 74.30735341486248\n ],\n [\n -70.3125,\n 80.26825877186884\n ],\n [\n -60.64453125000001,\n 82.33238201413792\n ],\n [\n -72.0703125,\n 83.29825018349662\n ],\n [\n -119.35546875000001,\n 77.80477074199557\n ],\n [\n -127.265625,\n 73.67726447634907\n ],\n [\n -132.01171875,\n 70.4367988185464\n ],\n [\n -138.8671875,\n 69.83962194067463\n ],\n [\n -154.68749999999997,\n 71.58053179556501\n ],\n [\n -165.234375,\n 69.96043926902489\n ],\n [\n -167.87109375,\n 68.5924865825295\n ],\n [\n -168.22265625,\n 65.36683689226321\n ],\n [\n -167.51953124999997,\n 58.99531118795094\n ],\n [\n -169.1015625,\n 51.6180165487737\n ],\n [\n -149.765625,\n 57.70414723434193\n ],\n [\n -142.55859375,\n 59.085738569819505\n ],\n [\n -131.484375,\n 51.39920565355378\n ],\n [\n -126.5625,\n 46.07323062540835\n ],\n [\n -125.68359374999999,\n 39.232253141714885\n ],\n [\n -120.41015624999999,\n 34.59704151614417\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67af07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterjohn, B.","contributorId":68690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterjohn","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5222763,"text":"5222763 - 1994 - Anticholinesterase exposure of white-winged doves breeding in lower Rio Grande valley, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-21T12:41:57","indexId":"5222763","displayToPublicDate":"1994-06-16T12:17:40","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anticholinesterase exposure of white-winged doves breeding in lower Rio Grande valley, Texas","docAbstract":"We studied exposure of breeding white-winged doves (Zenaida asiatica) to anticholinesterase compounds (organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides) in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV), Texas. Widespread use of organophosphorus pesticides and dove population declines prompted the study. We collected breeding adult doves in May and July 1991 (n = 28) and July 1992 (n = 33) at 6 locations. We used depression of whole-brain cholinesterase (ChE) activity (2 SD below control mean) to detect exposure; values from 4 hand-reared doves fed commercial pigeon chow served as the control. Mean brain ChE activity was lower (P lt 0.027) than the control sample at all 6 locations in 1991; 79% of the birds were diagnostic of exposure ( gt 16.1% ChE depression). Pooled 1992 field samples also were lower (P lt 0.036) than were control samples; doves from 4 of the 6 locations had brain ChE activity below (P lt 0.088) controls. Overall, 39% of 1992 doves were diagnostic of exposure to anticholinesterase compounds. Higher exposure rates in 1991 were probably due to increased use of organophosphorus pesticides. Research is needed documenting effects of sublethal exposure on white-winged dove productivity.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3809382","usgsCitation":"Tacha, T., Schacht, S., George, R., and Hill, E.F., 1994, Anticholinesterase exposure of white-winged doves breeding in lower Rio Grande valley, Texas: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 58, no. 2, p. 213-217, https://doi.org/10.2307/3809382.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"217","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198436,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Cameron, Hildago","otherGeospatial":"Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.558349609375,\n 26.236765673594668\n ],\n [\n -98.50616455078125,\n 26.21212691288088\n ],\n [\n -98.23974609375,\n 26.071586453170973\n ],\n [\n -98.0859375,\n 26.04444515079636\n ],\n [\n -97.6904296875,\n 26.029638154881997\n ],\n [\n -97.3663330078125,\n 25.834505347339903\n ],\n [\n -97.14385986328125,\n 25.945696562830516\n ],\n [\n -97.27844238281249,\n 26.566419985978886\n ],\n [\n -97.33612060546875,\n 26.689183497156236\n ],\n [\n -97.40478515625,\n 26.667095801104814\n ],\n [\n -97.42401123046875,\n 26.41647024087778\n ],\n [\n -97.4871826171875,\n 26.337729970839195\n ],\n [\n -97.822265625,\n 26.318036522949075\n ],\n [\n -97.833251953125,\n 26.46073804319089\n ],\n [\n -98.03924560546875,\n 26.46319686677677\n ],\n [\n -98.02825927734375,\n 26.49515679244404\n ],\n [\n -97.96234130859375,\n 26.512362303867505\n ],\n [\n -97.96234130859375,\n 26.5737895138798\n ],\n [\n -98.0145263671875,\n 26.58607100679426\n ],\n [\n -97.9925537109375,\n 26.779943479945107\n ],\n [\n -98.30841064453125,\n 26.82407078047018\n ],\n [\n -98.3331298828125,\n 26.75296834795026\n ],\n [\n -98.558349609375,\n 26.236765673594668\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"58","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b34b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tacha, T.C.","contributorId":99620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tacha","given":"T.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schacht, S.J.","contributorId":51414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schacht","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"George, R.R.","contributorId":83094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hill, E. F.","contributorId":14362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5223053,"text":"5223053 - 1994 - Environmental contaminants in nonviable eggs of the endangered Mississippi sandhill crane (Grus canadensis pulla)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-16T17:31:31.725682","indexId":"5223053","displayToPublicDate":"1994-06-16T12:17:40","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Environmental contaminants in nonviable eggs of the endangered Mississippi sandhill crane (Grus canadensis pulla)","title":"Environmental contaminants in nonviable eggs of the endangered Mississippi sandhill crane (Grus canadensis pulla)","docAbstract":"Our objectives were to determine if concentrations of environmental pollutants and microbial contamination in nonviable eggs of the endangered Mississippi sandhill crane (Grus canadensis pulla) contributed to egg failure. Six eggs collected in 1990 and four in 1991 contained only background levels of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and tests for microbial contamination were all negative. Two eggs contained late dead embryos, but neither revealed obvious abnormalities. Three eggs contained potentially harmful concentrations (23, 39, 146 pg/g, wet mass) of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs), based on 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents (TCDD-EQ) for combined compounds. Because of the scarcity of material suitable for laboratory examination and the endangered status of the crane, we recommend that nonviable eggs continue to be monitored for toxic pollutants.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00577255","usgsCitation":"White, D.H., Rice, C.P., Hoffman, D.J., and Gee, G.F., 1994, Environmental contaminants in nonviable eggs of the endangered Mississippi sandhill crane (Grus canadensis pulla): Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 31, no. 3, p. 225-232, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00577255.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"225","endPage":"232","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":372420,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi Sandhill Crane National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.71803283691405,\n 30.410485702526568\n ],\n [\n -88.63014221191406,\n 30.410485702526568\n ],\n [\n -88.63014221191406,\n 30.480929382240507\n ],\n [\n -88.71803283691405,\n 30.480929382240507\n ],\n [\n -88.71803283691405,\n 30.410485702526568\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c88a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Donald H.","contributorId":21728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":337752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rice, Clifford P.","contributorId":56594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Clifford","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoffman, David J.","contributorId":86075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":337749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gee, George F.","contributorId":113443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gee","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5223404,"text":"5223404 - 1994 - MAPS is for the birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-18T15:06:23","indexId":"5223404","displayToPublicDate":"1994-06-16T12:17:40","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2762,"text":"Mississippi Outdoors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"MAPS is for the birds","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","language":"English","publisher":"Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Parks","usgsCitation":"Watts, D.L., Twedt, D.J., and Mueller, A.J., 1994, MAPS is for the birds: Mississippi Outdoors, v. 57, no. 3, p. 6-9.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"6","endPage":"9","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199830,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","volume":"57","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648b69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watts, David L.","contributorId":214781,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Watts","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Twedt, Daniel J. 0000-0003-1223-5045 dtwedt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1223-5045","contributorId":398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twedt","given":"Daniel","email":"dtwedt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":338680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mueller, Allan J.","contributorId":214782,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mueller","given":"Allan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70159214,"text":"70159214 - 1994 - Hydrogeology, simulation of regional ground-water flow, and saltwater intrusion, Potomac-Raritan-Magothy Aquifer System, Northern Coastal Plain of New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T08:55:32","indexId":"70159214","displayToPublicDate":"1994-06-14T09:15:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":127,"text":"New Jersey Geological Survey Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"36","title":"Hydrogeology, simulation of regional ground-water flow, and saltwater intrusion, Potomac-Raritan-Magothy Aquifer System, Northern Coastal Plain of New Jersey","docAbstract":"The Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system in Middlesex and Monmouth Counties in the northern Coastal Plain of New Jersey consists primarily of unconsolidated Cretaceous sediments, which are divided into the upper and middle aquifers and confining units. These units, which strike northeastsouthwest along the Fall Line, dip and thicken to the southeast. The upper aquifer consists primarily of the Old Bridge Sand Member of the Magothy Formation, which is composed of coarse-grained sands, localized thin clay beds, and younger surficial sands and gravels in and near the outcrop. Transmissivity ranges from 1,760 to 19,400 ft2/d (feet squared per day) and tends to be higher in updip areas. Estimated withdrawals from the upper aquifer in the northern Coastal Plain were approximately 42 Mgal/d (million gallons per day) in 1986. Cones of depression whose centers range from 36 to 42 ft (feet) below sea level have developed as a result of these withdrawals.
\nThe upper aquifer is confined throughout most of the northern New Jersey Coastal Plain by clays and silts of the Cretaceous Woodbury Clay and Merchantville Formation and younger sediments of the Magothy Formation. This confining unit generally is greater than 200 ft thick. The simulated vertical hydraulic conductivity for the confining unit ranges from 8.4 x 10-5 to 5.6 x 10-3 feet per day; interpreted vertical hydraulic conductivities generally are lower except in southwestern Middlesex County, where the vertical hydraulic conductivities of the confining unit are higher.
\nThe middle aquifer consists primarily of the Farrington Sand Member of the Cretaceous Raritan Formation and surficial Holocene and Miocene sands and gravels in its outcrop area. It also can include the uppermost sands of the Cretaceous Potomac Group in parts of Monmouth County. The middle aquifer is composed of fine to coarse sand that contains some lignite and pyrite, and, locally, some clay beds. It pinches out in the northern part of Sayreville Township, near Raritan River. The transmissivity of the aquifer ranges from 2,140 to 13,800 ft2/d and tends to decrease in the northern part of the northern Coastal Plain of New Jersey where the aquifer thins. A poorly permeable confining unit composed mostly of clays and silts of the Woodbridge Clay Member of the Raritan Formation overlies the aquifer in most of this area. The confining unit generally is greater than 100 ft thick, although it thins and is sandy in the southwestern part of Middlesex County, where a good hydraulic connection exists between the middle and upper aquifers. Estimated withdrawals from the middle aquifer in the northern Coastal Plain were about 22 Mgal/d in 1986. These withdrawals have caused cones of depression whose centers range from 77 to 93 ft below sea level.
\nA finite-difference, quasi-three-dimensional ground-water flow model was developed to simulate ground-water flow in the aquifer system. The confined and unconfined areas of the upper and middle aquifers were modeled as separate layers. The model was calibrated primarily by adjusting vertical hydraulic conductivity in the confining units and horizontal hydraulic conductivity in the aquifers, then matching simulated and measured groundwater levels for the period 1896-1986 and simulated and interpreted potentiometric surfaces under predevelopment conditions and in 1984.
\nFor the predevelopment period, the total flow into and out of the upper and middle aquifers is 35 and 21 Mgal/d, respectively. Recharge to the aquifer system is from direct recharge in the unconfined areas and from vertical leakage through overlying confining units. The main recharge areas are the topographically high areas in southwestern Middlesex County for both aquifers, in the eastern Sayreville area for the upper aquifer, and north of the Raritan River for the middle aquifer. Most ground water discharges to low-lying regional surface-water drains (streams), which flow into the South River.
\nFor 1984 transient conditions, the total ground-water flow into and out of the upper and middle aquifers is 61 and 34 Mgal/d, respectively. The largest amount of recharge is from direct recharge in the unconfined areas, but some recharge also is derived from vertical leakage through the Merchantville-Woodbury confining unit, captured ground-water discharge to streams, and induced inflow at artificial-recharge facilities. Regional flow is from recharge areas toward major cones of depression.
\nSensitivity analysis showed that the model was useful for representing flow in the system, especially in the confined-aquifer areas. Model representation of lateral and vertical boundary conditions was judged acceptable. Simulation results were less sensitive to changes in aquifer properties in the unconfined areas of the aquifers and to changes in storage in the confining units. Sensitivity analysis and calibration of hydraulic parameters and conditions showed that the distribution of hydraulic head was sensitive to changes in horizontal hydraulic conductivity in the aquifers, vertical hydraulic conductivity in the confining units, magnitudes of ground-water withdrawals, and initial hydraulic head in aquifer outcrop areas.
\nTwo scenarios were simulated to determine the effects of ground-water withdrawals from 1986 through 2019. For the scenario in which ground-water withdrawals increase to about 69 Mgal/d in the upper aquifer and 37 Mgal/d in the middle aquifer, centers of cones of depression are as deep as 100 ft below sea level in the upper aquifer and 170 ft below sea level in the middle aquifer. For this scenario, most of the additional water comes from captured surface-water discharge, induced cross-formational flow from overlying aquifers, and increases in induced flow from artificial-recharge areas. Induced flow from Raritan Bay also increases. For the scenario in which ground water withdrawals are reduced to 42.5 Mgal/d in the upper aquifer and 15 Mgal/d in the middle aquifer, water levels recover to above sea level nearly everywhere. In each aquifer, ground-water discharge to streams increases and induced flow through the confining units and from the overlying sediments decreases, and discharge of ground water to Raritan Bay in the upper aquifer exceeds the induced recharge from Raritan Bay.
\nReversal of ground-water gradients has caused saltwater intrusion in the two aquifers. Chloride concentrations in water from the upper aquifer in Keyport and Union Beach Boroughs were as high as 2,100 mg/L (milligrams per liter) in 1986. The intrusion has not increased significantly since well fields in the area were closed in the late 1970's. Elevated chloride concentrations also were measured in Keanesburg Borough in 1986. In both of these areas, saltwater has entered the upper aquifer from the Bay because of movement of the freshwater-saltwater interface in response to increasing ground-water withdrawals.
\nChloride concentrations in well-water samples from the middle aquifer were as high as 6,000 mg/L in Sayreville Borough in 1987; concentrations in samples from drive-point wells from the same aquifer near the Washington Canal, the main source of saltwater, were as high as 7,100 mg/L. The migration of the saltwater front at about 470 feet per year to the southeast is influenced mainly by a thinning of the middle aquifer, which constrains flow, and by the locations of regional cones of depression caused by groundwater withdrawals.
","language":"English","publisher":"New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection and Energy","publisherLocation":"Trenton, NJ","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection and Energy Division of Science and Research Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Pucci, A.A., Pope, D.A., and Gronberg, J.M., 1994, Hydrogeology, simulation of regional ground-water flow, and saltwater intrusion, Potomac-Raritan-Magothy Aquifer System, Northern Coastal Plain of New Jersey: New Jersey Geological Survey Report 36, Report: xi, 209 p.; 2 Plates: 34.08 x 31.75 inches and 34.42 x 31.83 inches.","productDescription":"Report: xi, 209 p.; 2 Plates: 34.08 x 31.75 inches and 34.42 x 31.83 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":310059,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70159214.jpg"},{"id":311244,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70159214/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":327410,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70159214/plate-2.pdf"},{"id":327409,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70159214/plate-1.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","county":"Mercer County, Middlesex County, Monmouth County","otherGeospatial":"Potomac-Raritan-Magothy Aquifer System, Raritan Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.6,\n 40.1\n ],\n [\n -74.6,\n 40.6\n ],\n [\n -73.97,\n 40.6\n ],\n [\n -73.97,\n 40.1\n ],\n [\n -74.6,\n 40.1\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56261475e4b0fb9a11dd7635","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pucci, Amleto A. Jr.","contributorId":86494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pucci","given":"Amleto","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pope, Daryll A. dpope@usgs.gov","contributorId":3796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Daryll","email":"dpope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":577851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gronberg, JoAnn M. 0000-0003-4822-7434 jmgronbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4822-7434","contributorId":3548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gronberg","given":"JoAnn","email":"jmgronbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70157393,"text":"70157393 - 1994 - Annual report of the USGS Mission, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, for the fiscal year 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-22T12:58:40","indexId":"70157393","displayToPublicDate":"1994-06-14T09:15:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":414,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"seriesNumber":"USGS-TR-94-1","title":"Annual report of the USGS Mission, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, for the fiscal year 1993","docAbstract":"An interagency report prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey Saudi Arabian Mission for the Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources, Directorate General of Mineral Resources","publisherLocation":"Jiddah, Saudi Arabia","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey Saudi Arabia Mission, 1994, Annual report of the USGS Mission, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, for the fiscal year 1993: Technical Report USGS-TR-94-1, vii, 80 p.","productDescription":"vii, 80 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":308377,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56027bb2e4b03bc34f5447f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Geological Survey Saudi Arabia Mission","contributorId":147326,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Geological Survey Saudi Arabia Mission","id":572956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70209150,"text":"70209150 - 1994 - Seismic guided waves trapped in the fault zone of the Landers, California, earthquake of 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-20T07:35:52","indexId":"70209150","displayToPublicDate":"1994-06-10T10:50:29","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic guided waves trapped in the fault zone of the Landers, California, earthquake of 1992","docAbstract":"A mobile seismic array of seven stations was deployed at 11 sites along the fault trace of the M7.4 Landers earthquake of June 28, 1992, with a maximum offset of 1 km from the trace. We found a distinct wave train with a relatively long period following the S waves that shows up only when both the stations and the events are close to the fault trace. This wave train is interpreted as a seismic guided wave trapped in a low‐velocity fault zone. To study the distribution of amplitude of the guided waves with distance from the fault trace and also their attenuation with travel distance along the fault zone, we eliminated source and recording site effects by the coda normalization method. The normalized amplitudes of guided waves show a spectral peak at 3–4 Hz, which decays sharply with distance from the fault trace. Spectral amplitudes at high frequencies (8–15 Hz) show an opposite trend, increasing with distance from the fault trace. The normalized amplitudes of guided waves at 3–4 Hz also show a systematic decrease with hypocentral distance along the fault zone, from which we infer an apparent Q of 50. In order to confirm the existence of the guided waves, a dense array of 31 stations was deployed at one of the 11 sites. The resultant records revealed unequivocal evidence for the existence of guided waves associated with the fault zone. By modeling the waveforms as S waves trapped in a low‐velocity waveguide sandwiched between two homogeneous half‐spaces with velocity Vs = 3.0 km/s, we infer a waveguide width of about 180 m, a shear velocity of 2.0–2.2 km/s, and a Q of ∼50. Hypocenters of aftershocks with clear guided waves show a systematic distribution both laterally and with depth delineating the extent of the low‐velocity fault zone in three dimensions. We find that the zone extends to a depth of at least 10 km. This zone apparently continues to the south across the Pinto Mountain fault because guided waves are observed at stations north of the Pinto Mountain fault for earthquakes with epicenters south of it. On the other hand, the zone appears to be discontinuous at the fault bend located about 20 km north of the mainshock epicenter; guided waves were observed for stations and epicenters which are located on the same sides of the fault bend but not for those on the opposite sides.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station.","usgsCitation":"Calhoun, A., Cormier, J., Owen, R., O'Connell, A., Roman, C.T., and Tiner, R., 1994, The wetlands of Acadia National Park and vicinity: Miscellaneous Publication 721, 108 p.","productDescription":"108 p.","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202676,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"Acadia National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -68.45718383789062,\n 44.19795903948531\n ],\n [\n -68.13446044921875,\n 44.19795903948531\n ],\n [\n -68.13446044921875,\n 44.47789073724073\n ],\n [\n -68.45718383789062,\n 44.47789073724073\n ],\n [\n -68.45718383789062,\n 44.19795903948531\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a58e4b07f02db62ea7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Calhoun, A.J.K.","contributorId":10909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calhoun","given":"A.J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cormier, J.E.","contributorId":47501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cormier","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Owen, R.B. Jr.","contributorId":70869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owen","given":"R.B.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O'Connell, A.F. Jr. 0000-0001-7032-7023","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7032-7023","contributorId":24055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Connell","given":"A.F.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Roman, C. T.","contributorId":79579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roman","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tiner, R.W. Jr.","contributorId":62719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiner","given":"R.W.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70175704,"text":"70175704 - 1994 - University of Minnesota Aquifer Thermal-Energy Storage (ATES) project report on the third long-term cycle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T12:03:39","indexId":"70175704","displayToPublicDate":"1994-06-07T12:30:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"title":"University of Minnesota Aquifer Thermal-Energy Storage (ATES) project report on the third long-term cycle","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Minnesota","usgsCitation":"Hoyer, M., Hallgren, J., Uebel, M., Delin, G., Eisenreich, S.J., and Sterling, R., 1994, University of Minnesota Aquifer Thermal-Energy Storage (ATES) project report on the third long-term cycle, 125 p.","productDescription":"125 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326813,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b6dc71e4b03fd6b7d94ca8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoyer, M.C.","contributorId":49431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoyer","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hallgren, J.P.","contributorId":173827,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hallgren","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Uebel, M.H.","contributorId":173829,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Uebel","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Delin, G. N.","contributorId":12834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delin","given":"G. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Eisenreich, Steven J.","contributorId":66001,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eisenreich","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6626,"text":"University of Minnesota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sterling, R.L.","contributorId":173831,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sterling","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70243971,"text":"70243971 - 1994 - Accessing northern California earthquake data via Internet","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-26T15:54:35.094595","indexId":"70243971","displayToPublicDate":"1994-06-07T10:36:59","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7458,"text":"Eos Science News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accessing northern California earthquake data via Internet","docAbstract":"The Northern California Earthquake Data Center (NCEDC) provides easy access to central and northern California digital earthquake data. It is located at the University of California, Berkeley, and is operated jointly with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in Menlo Park, Calif., and funded by the University of California and the National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program. It has been accessible to users in the scientific community through Internet since mid-1992.
The data center provides an on-line archive for parametric and waveform data from two regional networks: the Northern California Seismic Network (NCSN) operated by the USGS and the Berkeley Digital Seismic Network (BDSN) operated by the Seismographic Station at the University of California, Berkeley.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/94EO00934","usgsCitation":"Romanowicz, B., Neuhauser, D., Bogaert, B., and Oppenheimer, D.H., 1994, Accessing northern California earthquake data via Internet: Eos Science News, v. 75, no. 23, p. 257-260, https://doi.org/10.1029/94EO00934.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"257","endPage":"260","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":417512,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"75","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Romanowicz, B.","contributorId":33176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romanowicz","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":873963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neuhauser, Doug","contributorId":201871,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neuhauser","given":"Doug","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6609,"text":"UC Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bogaert, B.M.","contributorId":103462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bogaert","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":873965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oppenheimer, David H. oppen@usgs.gov","contributorId":1112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oppenheimer","given":"David","email":"oppen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70129061,"text":"70129061 - 1994 - An assessment of riparian environmental quality by using butterflies and disturbance susceptibility scores","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-15T14:34:52","indexId":"70129061","displayToPublicDate":"1994-06-01T14:09:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3451,"text":"Southwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An assessment of riparian environmental quality by using butterflies and disturbance susceptibility scores","docAbstract":"The butterfly community at a revegetated riparian site on the lower Colorado River near Parker, Arizona, was compared to that found in a reference riparian site. Data indicated that the herbaceous plant community, which was lacking at the revegetated site, was important to several butterfly taxa. An index using butterfly sensitivity to habitat change (species classified into risk groups) and number of taxa was developed to monitor revegetation projects and to determine restoration effectiveness.","language":"English","publisher":"Southwestern Association of Naturalists","publisherLocation":"Dallas, TX","doi":"10.2307/3672237","usgsCitation":"Nelson, S., and Andersen, D., 1994, An assessment of riparian environmental quality by using butterflies and disturbance susceptibility scores: Southwestern Naturalist, v. 39, no. 2, p. 137-142, https://doi.org/10.2307/3672237.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"137","endPage":"142","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295425,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295424,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3672237"}],"volume":"39","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5440de19e4b0b0a643c732a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, S. Mark","contributorId":86710,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"S. Mark","affiliations":[{"id":6736,"text":"Bureau of Reclamation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":503416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andersen, Douglas C. doug_andersen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"Douglas C.","email":"doug_andersen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":503415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5223349,"text":"5223349 - 1994 - Habitat use by an endangered riverine fish and implications for species protection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-16T16:48:55.659197","indexId":"5223349","displayToPublicDate":"1994-06-01T12:12:58","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1471,"text":"Ecology of Freshwater Fish","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat use by an endangered riverine fish and implications for species protection","docAbstract":"We investigated habitat specificity of the amber darter (Percina antesella Williams & Etnier 1977), an imperiled fish from restricted portions of 2 rivers in the southeastern United States. Foraging amber darters occupied a narrow range of riffle habitat, consistently avoiding areas < 20 cm deep and with velocity < 10 cm. s−1 near the substrate, occupying areas with cobble or gravel substrate and average water-column velocity of 30 to 70 cm. s−1. During low to moderate flows, approximately 20% or more of the study areas contained suitable habitat for the species. Amber darters appeared rare, and the numbers of individuals were uncorrelated with the concurrent availability of suitable habitat. Protecting the amber darter may require more than maintaining adequate depths and velocities over gravel-cobble substrates. Until we understand the potential importance of migration and dispersal for maintaining small populations, suitable habitat should be maintained over the longest contiguous stream segments possible.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-0633.1994.tb00106.x","usgsCitation":"Freeman, B.J., and Freeman, M.C., 1994, Habitat use by an endangered riverine fish and implications for species protection: Ecology of Freshwater Fish, v. 3, no. 2, p. 49-58, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0633.1994.tb00106.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"58","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199761,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"southeastern United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.21875,\n 24.686952411999155\n ],\n [\n -74.35546875,\n 24.686952411999155\n ],\n [\n -74.35546875,\n 36.80928470205937\n ],\n [\n -94.21875,\n 36.80928470205937\n ],\n [\n -94.21875,\n 24.686952411999155\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db6485de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Freeman, B. J.","contributorId":8031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freeman, Mary C. 0000-0001-7615-6923","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7615-6923","contributorId":99659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":338501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70248023,"text":"70248023 - 1994 - CASERTZ aeromagnetic data reveal late Cenozoic flood basalts(?) in the West Antarctic rift system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-31T14:15:56.6117","indexId":"70248023","displayToPublicDate":"1994-06-01T09:04:46","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"CASERTZ aeromagnetic data reveal late Cenozoic flood basalts(?) in the West Antarctic rift system","docAbstract":"The late Cenozoic volcanic and tectonic activity of the enigmatic West Antarctic rift system, the least understood of the great active continental rifts, has been suggested to be plume driven. In 1991-1992, as part of the CASERTZ (Corridor Aerogeophysics of the Southeast Ross Transect Zone) program, an ∼25000 km aeromagnetic survey over the ice-covered Byrd subglacial basin shows magnetic \"texture\" critical to interpretations of the underlying extended volcanic terrane. The aeromagnetic data reveal numerous semicircular anomalies ∼100-1100 nT in amplitude, interpreted as having volcanic sources at the base of the ice sheet; they are concentrated along north-trending magnetic lineations interpreted as rift fabric. Models constrained by coincident radar ice soundings indicate highly magnetic sources, with a probable high remanent magnetization in the present field direction, strongly suggesting a late Cenozoic age. Magnetic anomalies over exposed late Cenozoic volcanic rocks along part of the rift shoulder and in coastal Marie Byrd Land are similar in form and amplitude. The CASERTZ aeromagnetic results, combined with >100 000 km of widely spaced aeromagnetic profiles, indicate at least 106 km3 of probable late Cenozoic volcanic rock (flood basalt?) in the West Antarctic rift beneath the ice sheet and Ross Ice Shelf. Comparison with other plumes in active rift areas (e.g., Yellowstone and East Africa) indicates that this volume estimate lies in the range of magma generation found in these other low-extension continental rifts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<0527:CADRLC>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Behrendt, J.C., Blankenship, D.D., Finn, C.A., Bell, R.E., Sweeney, R.E., Hodge, S.M., and Brozena, J.M., 1994, CASERTZ aeromagnetic data reveal late Cenozoic flood basalts(?) in the West Antarctic rift system: Geology, v. 22, no. 6, p. 527-530, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<0527:CADRLC>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"527","endPage":"530","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":420364,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica, West Antarctic Rift System","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -194.8213500504204,\n -67.70510605720003\n ],\n [\n -194.8213500504204,\n -78.68678902524067\n ],\n [\n -149.03710299605495,\n -78.68678902524067\n ],\n [\n -149.03710299605495,\n -67.70510605720003\n ],\n [\n -194.8213500504204,\n -67.70510605720003\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Behrendt, John C. jbehrendt@usgs.gov","contributorId":25945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Behrendt","given":"John","email":"jbehrendt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":213,"text":"Crustal Imaging and Characterization Team","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":881535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blankenship, D. D.","contributorId":29012,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blankenship","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":881536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finn, Carol A. 0000-0002-6178-0405 cfinn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6178-0405","contributorId":1326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"Carol","email":"cfinn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":881537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bell, Robin E.","contributorId":26902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"Robin","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":881538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sweeney, Ronald E.","contributorId":89564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweeney","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":881539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hodge, Steven M.","contributorId":68467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodge","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":881540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brozena, John M.","contributorId":58755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brozena","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":881541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70243966,"text":"70243966 - 1994 - Piezometer performance at Wildlife liquefaction site, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-26T12:23:57.514232","indexId":"70243966","displayToPublicDate":"1994-06-01T07:16:11","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2326,"text":"Journal of Geotechnical Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Piezometer performance at Wildlife liquefaction site, California","docAbstract":"In response to an urgent need for field data from instrumented liquefaction sites, the U.S. Geological Survey in 1982 selected and instrumented a site in southern California called the Wildlife site. Two accelerometers (one at ground surface and one at a depth of 7.5 m) and six electrical pore‐pressure transducers (five in a liquefiable silty sand layer) were placed at the site. The November 1987 Superstition Hills earthquake triggered sand boils and the desired instrumental response by generating excess pore‐water pressure that approximately equaled the initial effective overburden pressure. These records are the first from a field site to trace ground motions and pore pressures through the entire liquefaction process. Because pore pressure continued to rise after most of the seismic energy had propagated through the site, questions about the fidelity of the pore‐pressure records have been raised. Because of the importance of the Wildlife records, we reexamine pertinent aspects of the instruments and their placement, review their 1987 response, evaluate and respond to criticisms by Hushmand et al. (1992a, 1992b), and examine analyses of the records by other investigators that are pertinent to an evaluation of the fidelity of the piezometer records. This review concludes that no data or analyses have been developed that convincingly demonstrate that the pore‐pressure piezometers responded incorrectly. Conversely, an analysis by Zeghal and Elgamal (1994) provides strong evidence that the piezometers responded with a high degree of fidelity.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1994)120:6(975)","usgsCitation":"Youd, T.L., and Holzer, T.L., 1994, Piezometer performance at Wildlife liquefaction site, California: Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, v. 120, no. 6, p. 975-995, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1994)120:6(975).","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"975","endPage":"995","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":417487,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Wildlife Liquefaction Site","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.54598007052289,\n 33.104965409513326\n ],\n [\n -115.54598007052289,\n 33.07909585615528\n ],\n [\n -115.51545683662565,\n 33.07909585615528\n ],\n [\n -115.51545683662565,\n 33.104965409513326\n ],\n [\n -115.54598007052289,\n 33.104965409513326\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"120","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Youd, T. Leslie","contributorId":107678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Youd","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"Leslie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":873949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holzer, Thomas L. tholzer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holzer","given":"Thomas","email":"tholzer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70243630,"text":"70243630 - 1994 - Petrogenesis of the highly potassic 1.42 Ga Barrel Spring pluton, southeastern California, with implications for mid-Proterozoic magma genesis in the southwestern USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-16T11:49:04.350551","indexId":"70243630","displayToPublicDate":"1994-06-01T06:27:07","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrogenesis of the highly potassic 1.42 Ga Barrel Spring pluton, southeastern California, with implications for mid-Proterozoic magma genesis in the southwestern USA","docAbstract":"Syenites from the Barrel Spring pluton were emplaced in the Early Proterozoic Mojave crustal provine of southeastern California at 1.42 Ga. All rocks, even the most mafic, are highly enriched in incompatible elements (e.g. K2O 4–12 wt%, Rb 170–370 ppm, Th 12–120 ppm, La 350–1500xchondrite, La/Ybn 35–100). Elemental compositions require an incompatible element-rich but mafic (or ultramafic) source. Trace element models establish two plausible sources for Barrel Spring magmas: (1) LREE enriched garnet websterite with accessory apatite±rutile (enriched lithospheric mantle), and (2) garnet amphibolite or garnet-hornblende granulite with enriched alkali basalt composition, also with accessory apatite±rutile (mafic lower crust). Nd and Pb isotopic ratios do not distinguish a crust vs mantle source, but eliminate local Mojave province crust as the principal one, and indicate that generation of the enriched source occurred several hundred million years before emplacement of the Barrel Spring pluton. 1.40–1.44 Ga potassic granites are common in southeastern California, suggesting a genetic link between the Barrel Spring pluton and the granites; however, although the same thermal regime was probably responsible for producing both the granitic and syentic magmas, elemental and isotopic compositions preclude a close relationship. Isotopic similarity of the Barrel Spring pluton to 1.40–1.44 Ga granites emplaced in the Central Arizona crustal province to the east may imply that a common component was present in the lithosphere of these generally distinct regions.
We present a technique to place quantifiable bounds on the moment of an earthquake from geodetic data, assuming known fault geometry. Application of this technique to the 1992 Landers earthquake shows that the moment must have been between 0.84 and 1.15 × 1020 Nm with 90% confidence (M 7.25 to 7.34). We also find that to satisfy the data to this same level of confidence, the slip on the fault must have exceeded 7 m in at least one location, in good agreement with field mapping of the surface rupture.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0840030660","usgsCitation":"Johnson, H.O., Agnew, D., and Hudnut, K., 1994, Extremal bounds on earthquake movement from geodetic data: Application to the Landers earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 84, no. 3, p. 660-667, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0840030660.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"660","endPage":"667","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479333,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140806-094944484","text":"External Repository"},{"id":339459,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.48148758019548,\n 35.175884043309324\n ],\n [\n -117.48148758019548,\n 33.55266747577443\n ],\n [\n -115.32816726769562,\n 33.55266747577443\n ],\n [\n -115.32816726769562,\n 35.175884043309324\n ],\n [\n -117.48148758019548,\n 35.175884043309324\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"84","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1994-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e8a549e4b09da6799d63d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Hadley O.","contributorId":190694,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Hadley","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Agnew, Duncan Carr","contributorId":53686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Agnew","given":"Duncan Carr","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hudnut, Ken","contributorId":44590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudnut","given":"Ken","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70186690,"text":"70186690 - 1994 - Fault-zone waves observed at the southern Joshua Tree earthquake rupture zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-07T10:37:25","indexId":"70186690","displayToPublicDate":"1994-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fault-zone waves observed at the southern Joshua Tree earthquake rupture zone","docAbstract":"Waveform and spectral characteristics of several aftershocks of the M 6.1 22 April 1992 Joshua Tree earthquake recorded at stations just north of the Indio Hills in the Coachella Valley can be interpreted in terms of waves propagating within narrow, low-velocity, high-attenuation, vertical zones. Evidence for our interpretation consists of: (1) emergent P arrivals prior to and opposite in polarity to the impulsive direct phase; these arrivals can be modeled as headwaves indicative of a transfault velocity contrast; (2) spectral peaks in the S wave train that can be interpreted as internally reflected, low-velocity fault-zone wave energy; and (3) spatial selectivity of event-station pairs at which these data are observed, suggesting a long, narrow geologic structure. The observed waveforms are modeled using the analytical solution of Ben-Zion and Aki (1990) for a plane-parallel layered fault-zone structure. Synthetic waveform fits to the observed data indicate the presence of NS-trending vertical fault-zone layers characterized by a thickness of 50 to 100 m, a velocity decrease of 10 to 15% relative to the surrounding rock, and a P-wave quality factor in the range 25 to 50.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","usgsCitation":"Hough, S., Ben-Zion, Y., and Leary, P., 1994, Fault-zone waves observed at the southern Joshua Tree earthquake rupture zone: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 84, no. 3, p. 761-767.","productDescription":"7 p. ","startPage":"761","endPage":"767","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339404,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"84","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e8a549e4b09da6799d63d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hough, S. E. 0000-0002-5980-2986","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-2986","contributorId":7316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"S. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ben-Zion, Y.","contributorId":190673,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ben-Zion","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leary, P.","contributorId":190672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leary","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70186738,"text":"70186738 - 1994 - Magnetic field observations in the near-field the 28 June 1992 Mw 7.3 Landers, California, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-24T01:15:51.116012","indexId":"70186738","displayToPublicDate":"1994-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magnetic field observations in the near-field the 28 June 1992 Mw 7.3 Landers, California, earthquake","docAbstract":"Recent reports suggest that large magnetic field changes occur prior to, and during, large earthquakes. Two continuously operating proton magnetometers, LSBM and OCHM, at distances of 17.3 and 24.2 km, respectively, from the epicenter of the 28 June 1992 Mw 7.3 Landers earthquake, recorded data through the earthquake and its aftershocks. These two stations are part of a differentially connected array of proton magnetometers that has been operated along the San Andreas fault since 1976. The instruments have a sensitivity of 0.25 nT or better and transmit data every 10 min through the GOES satellite to the USGS headquarters in Menlo Park, California. Seismomagnetic offsets of −1.2 ± 0.6 and −0.7 ± 0.7 nT were observed at these sites. In comparison, offsets of −0.3 ± 0.2 and −1.3 ± 0.2 nT were observed during the 8 July 1986 ML 5.9 North Palm Springs earthquake, which occurred directly beneath the OCHM magnetometer site. The observations are generally consistent with seismomagnetic models of the earthquake, in which fault geometry and slip have the same from as that determined by either inversion of the seismic data or inversion of geodetically determined ground displacements produced by the earthquake. In these models, right-lateral rupture occurs on connected fault segments in a homogeneous medium with average magnetization of 2 A/m. The fault-slip distribution has roughly the same form as the observed surface rupture, and the total moment release is 1.1 × 1020 Nm. There is no indication of diffusion-like character to the magnetic field offsets that might indicate these effects result from fluid flow phenomena. It thus seems unlikely that these earthquake-generated offsets and those produced by the North Palm Springs earthquake were generated by electrokinetic effects. Also, there are no indications of enhanced low-frequency magnetic noise before the earthquake at frequencies below 0.001 Hz.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0840030792","usgsCitation":"Johnston, M.J., Mueller, R., and Sasai, Y., 1994, Magnetic field observations in the near-field the 28 June 1992 Mw 7.3 Landers, California, earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 84, no. 3, p. 792-798, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0840030792.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"792","endPage":"798","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339474,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.48148758019548,\n 35.175884043309324\n ],\n [\n -117.48148758019548,\n 33.55266747577443\n ],\n [\n -115.32816726769562,\n 33.55266747577443\n ],\n [\n -115.32816726769562,\n 35.175884043309324\n ],\n [\n -117.48148758019548,\n 35.175884043309324\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"84","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1994-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e8a549e4b09da6799d63cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnston, M. J.","contributorId":64255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mueller, R.J.","contributorId":77135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sasai, Yoichi","contributorId":190700,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sasai","given":"Yoichi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70186737,"text":"70186737 - 1994 - Continuous borehole strain in the San Andreas fault zone before, during, and after the 28 June 1992, MW 7.3 Landers, California, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-25T11:03:49.236269","indexId":"70186737","displayToPublicDate":"1994-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Continuous borehole strain in the San Andreas fault zone before, during, and after the 28 June 1992, MW 7.3 Landers, California, earthquake","docAbstract":"High-precision strain was observed with a borehole dilational strainmeter in the Devil's Punchbowl during the 11:58 UT 28 June 1992 MW 7.3 Landers earthquake and the large Big Bear aftershock (MW 6.3). The strainmeter is installed at a depth of 176 m in the fault zone approximately midway between the surface traces of the San Andreas and Punchbowl faults and is about 100 km from the 85-km-long Landers rupture. We have questioned whether unusual amplified strains indicating precursive slip or high fault compliance occurred on the faults ruptured by the Landers earthquake, or in the San Andreas fault zone before and during the earthquake, whether static offsets for both the Landers and Big Bear earthquakes agree with expectation from geodetic and seismologic models of the ruptures and with observations from a nearby two-color geodimeter network, and whether postseismic behavior indicated continued slip on the Landers rupture or local triggered slip on the San Andreas. We show that the strain observed during the earthquake at this instrument shows no apparent amplification effects. There are no indications of precursive strain in these strain data due to either local slip on the San Andreas or precursive slip on the eventual Landers rupture. The observations are generally consistent with models of the earthquake in which fault geometry and slip have the same form as that determined by either inversion of the seismic data or inversion of geodetically determined ground displacements produced by the earthquake. Finally, there are some indications of minor postseismic behavior, particularly during the month following the earthquake.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0840030799","usgsCitation":"Johnston, M., Linde, A.T., and Agnew, D., 1994, Continuous borehole strain in the San Andreas fault zone before, during, and after the 28 June 1992, MW 7.3 Landers, California, earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 84, no. 3, p. 799-805, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0840030799.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"799","endPage":"805","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339472,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.48148758019548,\n 35.175884043309324\n ],\n [\n -117.48148758019548,\n 33.55266747577443\n ],\n [\n -115.32816726769562,\n 33.55266747577443\n ],\n [\n -115.32816726769562,\n 35.175884043309324\n ],\n [\n -117.48148758019548,\n 35.175884043309324\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"84","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1994-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e8a549e4b09da6799d63d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnston, M.J.S. 0000-0003-4326-8368","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4326-8368","contributorId":104889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"M.J.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Linde, A. T.","contributorId":21700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linde","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Agnew, D.C.","contributorId":32186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Agnew","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70186195,"text":"70186195 - 1994 - Local observations of the onset of a large earthquake: 28 June 1992 Landers, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-25T11:19:02.509054","indexId":"70186195","displayToPublicDate":"1994-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Local observations of the onset of a large earthquake: 28 June 1992 Landers, California","docAbstract":"The Landers earthquake (MW 7.3) of 28 June 1992 had a very emergent onset. The first large amplitude arrivals are delayed by about 3 sec with respect to the origin time, and are preceded by smaller-scale slip. Other large earthquakes have been observed to have similar emergent onsets, but the Landers event is one of the first to be well recorded on nearby stations. We used these recordings to investigate the spatial relationship between the hypocenter and the onset of the large energy release, and to determine the slip function of the 3-sec nucleation process. Relative location of the onset of the large energy release with respect to the initial hypocenter indicates its source was between 1 and 4 km north of the hypocenter and delayed by approximately 2.5 sec. Three-station array analysis of the P wave shows that the large amplitude onset arrives with a faster apparent velocity compared to the first arrivals, indicating that the large amplitude source was several kilometers deeper than the initial onset. An ML 2.8 foreshock, located close to the hypocenter, was used as an empirical Green's function to correct for path and site effects from the first 3 sec of the mainshock seismogram. The resultant deconvolution produced a slip function that showed two subevents preceding the main energy release, an MW4.4 followed by an MW 5.6. These subevents do not appear anomalous in comparison to simple moderate-sized earthquakes, suggesting that they were normal events which just triggered or grew into a much larger earthquake. If small and moderate-sized earthquakes commonly “detonate” much larger events, this implies that the dynamic stresses during earthquake rupture are at least as important as long-term static stresses in causing earthquakes, and the prospects of reliable earthquake prediction from premonitory phenomena are not improved.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0840030725","usgsCitation":"Abercrombie, R., and Mori, J., 1994, Local observations of the onset of a large earthquake: 28 June 1992 Landers, California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 84, no. 3, p. 725-734, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0840030725.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"725","endPage":"734","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":338951,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/bssa/article/84/3/725/102652/Local-observations-of-the-onset-of-a-large"},{"id":338952,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Landers","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.4997100830078,\n 34.175453097578526\n ],\n [\n -116.26487731933592,\n 34.175453097578526\n ],\n [\n -116.26487731933592,\n 34.326993104644515\n ],\n [\n -116.4997100830078,\n 34.326993104644515\n ],\n [\n -116.4997100830078,\n 34.175453097578526\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"84","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58df6ac9e4b02ff32c6aea83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Abercrombie, Richael","contributorId":190227,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abercrombie","given":"Richael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mori, Jim","contributorId":55840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mori","given":"Jim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}