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\"}}]}","volume":"IX","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Work, Thierry M. 0000-0002-4426-9090 thierry_work@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4426-9090","contributorId":1187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Work","given":"Thierry","email":"thierry_work@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":847868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70129021,"text":"70129021 - 1994 - Relations between habitat variability and population dynamics of bass in the Huron River, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-16T11:02:32","indexId":"70129021","displayToPublicDate":"1994-04-01T10:47:29","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"Biological Report 21","title":"Relations between habitat variability and population dynamics of bass in the Huron River, Michigan","docAbstract":"One of the assumption of the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (IFIM) is that the dynamics of fish populations are directly or indirectly related to habitat availability. Because this assumption has not been successfully tested in coolwater streams, questions arise regarding the validity of the methodology in such streams. The purpose of our study was to determine whether relations existed between habitat availability and population dynamics of smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) and rock bass (Ambloplites rupestris) in a 16-km reach of the Huron River in southeastern Michigan.
\n
\nBoth species exhibited strong to moderate carryover of year classes from age 0 through age 2, indicating that adult populations were related to factors affecting recruitment. Year-class strength and subsequent numbers of yearling bass were related to the availability of young-of-year habitat during the first growing season for a cohort. Number of age-0, age-1, and adult smallmouth bass were related to the average length at age 0 for the cohort. Length at age 0 was associated with young-of-year habitat and thermal regime during the first growing season.
\n
\nRock bass populations exhibited similar associations among age classes and habitat variables. Compared to smallmouth bass, the number of age-2 rock bass was associated more closely with their length at age 0 than with year-class strength. Length at age 0 and year-class strength of rock bass were associated with the same habitat variables as those related to age-0 smallmouth bass.
\n
\nWe hypothesize that an energetic mechanism linked thermal regime to length at age 0 and that increased growth resulted in higher survival rates from age 0 to age 1. We also postulate that young-of-year habitat provided protection from predators, higher production of food resources, and increased foraging efficiency. We conclude that the IFIM is a valid methodology for instream flow investigations of coolwater streams. The results for our study support the contention that the dynamics of bass populations are directly or indirectly related to habitat availability in coolwater streams. Our study also revealed several implications related to the operational application of the IFIM in coolwater streams:
\n
\n1. Greater emphasis should be placed on the alleviation of habitat impacts to early life history phases of bass.
\n
\n2. Effects of the thermal regime are important in some coolwater streams even if temperatures remain within nonlethal limits. Degree-day analyses should be routinely included in study plans for applications of the IFIM in coolwater streams.
\n
\n3. The smallest amount of habitat occurring within or across years is not necessarily the most significant event affecting population dynamics. The timing of extreme events can be as important as their magnitude.
\n
\n4. Population-related habitat limitations were associated with high flows more often than with low flows (although both occurred). Negotiations that focus only on minimum flows may preclude viable water management options and ignore significant biological events. This finding is particularly relevant to negotiations involving hydrospeaking operations.
\n
\n5. IFIM users are advised to consider the use of binary criteria in place of conventional suitability index curves in microhabitat simulations. Criteria defining the optimal ranges of variables are preferable to broader rangers, and criteria that simply define suitable conditions should be avoided entirely.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Bovee, K.D., Newcomb, T.J., and Coon, T.G., 1994, Relations between habitat variability and population dynamics of bass in the Huron River, Michigan, 63 p.","productDescription":"63 p.","numberOfPages":"63","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":295385,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Huron River","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5440de3fe4b0b0a643c73307","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bovee, Ken D.","contributorId":49721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bovee","given":"Ken","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newcomb, Tammy J.","contributorId":13908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newcomb","given":"Tammy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coon, Thomas G.","contributorId":46889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coon","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70129525,"text":"70129525 - 1994 - Identification of tire leachate toxicants and a risk assessment of water quality effects using tire reefs in canals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-23T09:59:28","indexId":"70129525","displayToPublicDate":"1994-04-01T09:49:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identification of tire leachate toxicants and a risk assessment of water quality effects using tire reefs in canals","docAbstract":"Cover is an important component of aquatic habitat and fisheries management. Fisheries biologists often try to improve habitats through the addition of natural and artificial material to improve cover diversity and complexity. Habitat-improvement programs range from submerging used Christmas trees to more complex programs using sophisticated artificial habitat modules. Used automobile tires have been employed in the large scale construction of reefs and fish attractors in marine environments (D'Itri 1985) and to a lesser extent in freshwater (Johnson and Stein 1979) and have been recognized as a durable, inexpensive and long-lasting material which benefits fishery communities.
\n
\nRecent studies by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (Mueller and Liston 1991) have quantified the importance of tire reeds to enhancing freshwater canal fisheries in the southwestern United States. These studies have demonstrated that fisheries and aquatic macroinvertebrates are attracted to these structures, increasing species diversity, densities and biomass where reefs are places in canals. Potential benefits to fishermen are great in the form of recreational fishing. However, the use of tire reefs in aquatic environments which have relatively small volumes compared to marine or reservoir environments has raised water quality concerns. Effects of tires on water quality have not typically been studied in the part because of the obvious presence of fishes and other aquatic organisms that make use of tire reefs; the implication being that tires are intert and non-toxic.
\n
\nLittle information on effects of tires on water quality is contained in the literature. Stone et al. (1975) demonstrated that tire exposure had no detrimental effects on two species of marine fish while results of Kellough's (1991) freshwater tests were inconclusive, but suggested that some factor in tire leachate was toxic to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Nozaka et al. (1973) found no harmful substances leached from tire material soaked in fresh water.
\n
\nBecause there are few data on toxicity associated with tires, this became the focus of our study. Toxicity Identification Evaluation (TUE) procedures developed by the EPA (1991) were used to evaluate water quality impacted by tires.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1007/BF00194146","usgsCitation":"Nelson, S., Mueller, G., and Hemphill, D.C., 1994, Identification of tire leachate toxicants and a risk assessment of water quality effects using tire reefs in canals: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 52, no. 4, p. 574-581, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00194146.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"574","endPage":"581","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":295635,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295633,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194146"}],"volume":"52","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"544a18dfe4b04d2014abfb40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, S. M.","contributorId":92602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"S. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mueller, G.","contributorId":81035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hemphill, D. C.","contributorId":107630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemphill","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70129513,"text":"70129513 - 1994 - A survey protocol for the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-23T09:09:04","indexId":"70129513","displayToPublicDate":"1994-04-01T08:54:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"Technical Report NPS/NAUCPRS/NRTR-94/04","title":"A survey protocol for the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus)","docAbstract":"The southwestern willow flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus) is a riparian obligate neotropical migrant, nesting in cottonwood-willow associations and structurally similar riparian vegetation associations. The southwestern willow flycatcher has declined through the twentieth century, primarily due to a number of factors, including loss and fragmentation of riparian habitat, brood parasitism by brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater), invasion of riparian habitat by the exotic tamarisk (Tamarix sp.), and predation (Hunter et al. 1987), Unitt 1987, Hunter et al. 1988, Whitfield 1990, Harris 1991, Rosenberg et al. 1991). In 1991 the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) designated the southwestern willow flycatcher as a candidate category 1 species (USFWS 1991), indicating that the USFWS had sufficient information to support listing under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (Act), but that a proposal to list was precluded by other listing actions of higher priority. In July 1993, the USFWS proposed to list E. t. extimus as an endangered species and to designate critical habitat under the Act (USFWS 1993). The states of Arizona, New Mexico, and California comprise most of the southwestern willow flycatcher's historic and current range. Each of these states lists the species as endangered [Arizona Game and Fish Department (AGFD) 1988, New Mexico Department of Game and Fish (NMDGF) 1988, California Department of Game and Fish 1991].
\n
\nBecause of the precarious status of the southwestern willow flycatcher (Unitt 1987, USFWS 1993), there is a need to identify as many remaining breeding locations as possible. This survey protocol was developed to facilitate and standardize breeding surveys, and is based primarily on extensive 1992 and 1993 field surveys. It was developed at the request of the Arizona Partners in flight, and organization of Federal and State agencies, nongovernmental organizations, and individuals. This protocol is intended to be useful throughout the range of the southwestern willow flycatcher. The authors welcome any suggestions on refining this protocol.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Colorado Plateau Research Station","publisherLocation":"Flagstaff, AZ","usgsCitation":"Tibbitts, T.J., Sogge, M.K., and Sferra, S.J., 1994, A survey protocol for the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus), 24 p.","productDescription":"24 p.","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":295623,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"544a18aee4b04d2014abfb05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tibbitts, Timothy J.","contributorId":84292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tibbitts","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sogge, Mark K. 0000-0002-8337-5689 mark_sogge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8337-5689","contributorId":3710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sogge","given":"Mark","email":"mark_sogge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sferra, Susan J.","contributorId":88669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sferra","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5222702,"text":"5222702 - 1994 - Estimates of soil ingestion by wildlife","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-06T17:01:39.896892","indexId":"5222702","displayToPublicDate":"1994-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimates of soil ingestion by wildlife","docAbstract":"Many wildlife species ingest soil while feeding, but ingestion rates are known for only a few species. Knowing ingestion rates may be important for studies of environmental contaminants. Wildlife may ingest soil deliberately, or incidentally, when they ingest soil-laden forage or animals that contain soil. We fed white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) diets containing 0-15% soil to relate the dietary soil content to the acid-insoluble ash content of scat collected from the mice. The relation was described by an equation that required estimates of the percent acid-insoluble ash content of the diet, digestibility of the diet, and mineral content of soil. We collected scat from 28 wildlife species by capturing animals, searching appropriate habitats for scat, or removing material from the intestines of animals collected for other purposes. We measured the acid-insoluble ash content of the scat and estimated the soil content of the diets by using the soil-ingestion equation. Soil ingestion estimates should be considered only approximate because they depend on estimated rather than measured digestibility values and because animals collected from local populations at one time of the year may not represent the species as a whole. Sandpipers (Calidris spp.), which probe or peck for invertebrates in mud or shallow water, consumed sediments at a rate of 7-30% of their diets. Nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus, soil = 17% of diet), American woodcock (Scolopax minor, 10%), and raccoon (Procyon lotor, 9%) had high rates of soil ingestion, presumably because they ate soil organisms. Bison (Bison bison, 7%), black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus, 8%), and Canada geese (Branta canadensis, 8%) consumed soil at the highest rates among the herbivores studied, and various browsers studied consumed little soil. Box turtle (Terrapene carolina, 4%), opossum (Didelphis virginiana, 5%), red fox (Vulpes vulpes, 3%), and wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo, 9%) consumed soil at intermediate rates. Ingested soil may be the principal means of exposure to some environmental contaminants or the principal source of certain minerals. Soil-ingestion estimates may be required for risk assessments of wildlife inhabiting contaminated sites and for computing budgets of those nutrients associated mainly with soil.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3809405","usgsCitation":"Beyer, W.N., Connor, E.E., and Gerould, S., 1994, Estimates of soil ingestion by wildlife: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 58, no. 2, p. 375-382, https://doi.org/10.2307/3809405.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"375","endPage":"382","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197447,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Kansas, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Minnesota, South Carolina, South Dakota, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-104.053249,41.001406],[-102.124972,41.002338],[-102.051744,40.003078],[-95.375257,40],[-94.977749,39.897472],[-94.869644,39.772894],[-95.113077,39.559133],[-94.615834,39.160003],[-94.617982,37.075077],[-109.045223,36.999084],[-109.050076,41.000659],[-111.046723,40.997959],[-111.055199,45.001321],[-104.057698,44.997431],[-104.043814,45.868385],[-103.668479,45.945242],[-96.618295,45.935407],[-96.554507,46.083978],[-96.798823,46.658071],[-96.851293,47.589264],[-97.139497,48.153108],[-97.108655,48.691484],[-97.238387,48.982631],[-95.153711,48.998903],[-95.153314,49.384358],[-94.878454,49.333193],[-94.640803,48.741171],[-93.818375,48.534442],[-92.984963,48.623731],[-92.634931,48.542873],[-92.698824,48.494892],[-92.341207,48.23248],[-92.066269,48.359602],[-91.542512,48.053268],[-90.88548,48.245784],[-90.703702,48.096009],[-89.489226,48.014528],[-90.735927,47.624343],[-92.058888,46.809938],[-92.025789,46.710839],[-92.189091,46.717541],[-92.291976,46.503997],[-92.33859,46.050111],[-92.869193,45.717568],[-92.646602,45.441635],[-92.807362,44.758909],[-91.410555,43.970892],[-91.244135,43.774667],[-91.243183,43.540309],[-96.591213,43.500514],[-96.439335,43.113916],[-96.630311,42.770885],[-96.483592,42.510345],[-97.302075,42.86566],[-98.035034,42.764205],[-98.568936,42.998537],[-104.053127,43.000585],[-104.053249,41.001406]]],[[[-88.865067,29.752714],[-88.940346,29.657234],[-88.86972,30.043798],[-88.865067,29.752714]]],[[[-89.486709,29.621003],[-89.681092,29.534487],[-89.02185,29.218162],[-89.162,29.01586],[-89.225865,29.07866],[-89.383814,28.947434],[-89.447472,29.178576],[-89.782149,29.311132],[-89.832898,29.463536],[-90.01251,29.462775],[-90.097678,29.26199],[-90.019772,29.231903],[-90.174273,29.105301],[-90.343293,29.057062],[-90.311523,29.256374],[-90.495299,29.287277],[-90.811473,29.03658],[-91.278792,29.247776],[-91.258226,29.446954],[-91.854677,29.807436],[-92.134347,29.669516],[-91.719102,29.565568],[-91.848665,29.484144],[-93.17693,29.770487],[-93.888821,29.742234],[-93.516407,31.02955],[-94.018664,31.990843],[-94.043088,32.955592],[-91.09693,32.986412],[-91.164397,32.785821],[-91.011275,32.516596],[-91.108808,32.47204],[-90.92117,32.342073],[-91.158026,32.201956],[-91.079108,32.050255],[-91.51581,31.530894],[-91.625118,31.005374],[-89.752642,31.001853],[-89.845926,30.704157],[-89.588854,30.200296],[-89.854533,30.007821],[-89.711158,29.879287],[-89.418465,30.049747],[-89.231178,29.925484],[-89.42421,29.697638],[-89.598068,29.74757],[-89.486709,29.621003]]],[[[-77.042045,38.720202],[-77.002498,38.96541],[-77.458202,39.073723],[-77.519634,39.257232],[-77.755789,39.333899],[-77.830775,39.581178],[-78.143478,39.690412],[-78.468639,39.516789],[-78.774281,39.597328],[-79.452685,39.211719],[-79.476662,39.721078],[-75.810068,39.721906],[-75.693521,38.460128],[-75.053483,38.451274],[-75.237538,38.033461],[-75.860727,37.91831],[-75.938577,38.272329],[-76.254473,38.31512],[-76.320843,38.459862],[-76.190902,38.621092],[-76.308922,38.813346],[-76.205063,38.892726],[-76.333703,38.984607],[-76.168332,38.996546],[-76.27566,39.160304],[-75.997396,39.430314],[-76.063379,39.546638],[-76.497977,39.204697],[-76.438845,39.0529],[-76.559697,38.767443],[-76.329433,38.073986],[-77.040638,38.444618],[-77.256412,38.396755],[-77.042045,38.720202]]],[[[-70.353392,43.535405],[-70.733497,43.073288],[-70.981859,43.373862],[-71.076914,45.246912],[-70.82979,45.286941],[-70.684614,45.395071],[-70.688214,45.563981],[-70.390379,45.728539],[-70.259117,45.890755],[-70.290896,46.185838],[-70.057061,46.415036],[-69.997086,46.69523],[-69.22442,47.459686],[-69.066715,47.43024],[-69.0402,47.2451],[-68.893204,47.182974],[-68.292679,47.359476],[-68.061842,47.256451],[-67.790515,47.067921],[-67.803148,45.696127],[-67.476704,45.604157],[-67.489464,45.282653],[-67.390579,45.154114],[-67.145652,45.146667],[-66.986318,44.820657],[-68.049334,44.33073],[-68.22939,44.463496],[-68.191924,44.306675],[-68.339498,44.222893],[-68.3791,44.430049],[-68.529905,44.39907],[-68.528153,44.241263],[-68.982449,44.426195],[-69.031878,44.079036],[-69.259838,43.921427],[-69.851297,43.703581],[-70.107229,43.809178],[-70.353392,43.535405]]],[[[-79.290754,33.110051],[-80.413487,32.470672],[-80.749091,32.140137],[-81.066906,32.090351],[-81.511245,33.027786],[-82.554497,33.943819],[-82.854434,34.432275],[-83.353238,34.728648],[-83.008639,35.027595],[-82.257515,35.198636],[-81.043625,35.149877],[-80.684074,34.818907],[-79.692948,34.804973],[-78.580378,33.884925],[-79.084588,33.483669],[-79.290754,33.110051]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Colorado\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"58","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478fe4b07f02db48a3ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beyer, W. Nelson 0000-0002-8911-9141 nbeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8911-9141","contributorId":3301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beyer","given":"W.","email":"nbeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Nelson","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":336895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Connor, Erin E.","contributorId":97597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connor","given":"Erin","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gerould, Sarah sgerould@usgs.gov","contributorId":4551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerould","given":"Sarah","email":"sgerould@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":336894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70185746,"text":"70185746 - 1994 - Use of molecular techniques to evaluate the survival of a microorganism injected into an aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-20T14:48:09.544682","indexId":"70185746","displayToPublicDate":"1994-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of molecular techniques to evaluate the survival of a microorganism injected into an aquifer","docAbstract":"A PCR primer set and an internal probe that are specific for Pseudomonas sp. strain B13, a 3-chlorobenzoate-metabolizing strain, were developed. Using this primer set and probe, we were able to detect Pseudomonas sp. strain B13 DNA sequences in DNA extracted from aquifer samples 14.5 months after Pseudomonas sp. strain B13 had been injected into a sand and gravel aquifer. This primer set and probe were also used to analyze isolates from 3-chlorobenzoate enrichments of the aquifer samples by Southern blot analysis. Hybridization of Southern blots with the Pseudomonas sp. strain B13-specific probe and a catabolic probe in conjunction with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of ribosome genes was used to determine that viable Pseudomonas sp. strain B13 persisted in this environment. We isolated a new 3-chlorobenzoate-degrading strain from one of these enrichment cultures. The B13-specific probe does not hybridize to DNA from this isolate. The new strain could be the result of gene exchange between Pseudomonas sp. strain B13 and an indigenous bacterium. This speculation is based on an RFLP pattern of ribosome genes that differs from that of Pseudomonas sp. strain B13, the fact that identically sized restriction fragments hybridized to the catabolic gene probe, and the absence of any enrichable 3-chlorobenzoate-degrading strains in the aquifer prior to inoculation.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/aem.60.4.1059-1067.1994","usgsCitation":"Thiem, S., Krumme, M., Smith, R.L., and Tiedje, J., 1994, Use of molecular techniques to evaluate the survival of a microorganism injected into an aquifer: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 60, no. 4, p. 1059-1067, https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.60.4.1059-1067.1994.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1059","endPage":"1067","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480235,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.60.4.1059-1067.1994","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":338492,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.64620807108187,\n 41.614675349296334\n ],\n [\n -70.64620807108187,\n 41.54893238849749\n ],\n [\n -70.5239851706909,\n 41.54893238849749\n ],\n [\n -70.5239851706909,\n 41.614675349296334\n ],\n [\n -70.64620807108187,\n 41.614675349296334\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"60","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58db7637e4b0ee37af29e4da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thiem, S.M.","contributorId":30385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thiem","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krumme, M.L.","contributorId":79257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krumme","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, R. L.","contributorId":93904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":686632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tiedje, J.M.","contributorId":25717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiedje","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70185394,"text":"70185394 - 1994 - Transport of chromium and selenium in the suboxic zone of a shallow aquifer: Influence of redox and adsorption reactions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-27T08:41:07","indexId":"70185394","displayToPublicDate":"1994-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transport of chromium and selenium in the suboxic zone of a shallow aquifer: Influence of redox and adsorption reactions","docAbstract":"Breakthrough of Cr(VI) (chromate), Se(VI) (selenate), and O2 (dissolved oxygen) was observed in tracer tests conducted in a shallow, sand and gravel aquifer with mildly reducing conditions. Loss of Cr, probably due to reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) and irreversible sorption of Cr(III), occurred along with slight retardation of Cr(VI), owing to reversible sorption. Reduction of Se(VI) and O2 was thermodynamically feasible but did not occur, indicating conditions, were unfavorable to microbial reduction. Cr(VI) reduction by constituents of aquifer sediments did not achieve local equilibrium during transport. The reduction rate was probably limited by incomplete contact between Cr(VI) transported along predominant flow paths and reductants located in regions within aquifer sediments of comparatively low permeability. Scatter in the amount of Cr reduction calculated from individual breakthrough curves at identical distances downgradient probably resulted from heterogeneities in the distribution of reductants in the sediments. Predictive modeling of the transport and fate of redox-sensitive solutes cannot be based strictly on thermodynamic considerations; knowledge of reaction rates is critical. Potentially important mass transfer rate limitations between solutes and reactants in sediments as well as heterogeneities in the distribution of redox properties in aquifers complicate determination of limiting rates for use in predictive simulations of the transport of redox-sensitive contaminants in groundwater.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/93WR03244","usgsCitation":"Kent, D., Davis, J., Anderson, L., Rea, B., and Waite, T., 1994, Transport of chromium and selenium in the suboxic zone of a shallow aquifer: Influence of redox and adsorption reactions: Water Resources Research, v. 30, no. 4, p. 1099-1114, https://doi.org/10.1029/93WR03244.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1099","endPage":"1114","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337958,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d23b98e4b0236b68f82984","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kent, D.B.","contributorId":16588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kent","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, L.C.D.","contributorId":61206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"L.C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rea, B.A.","contributorId":39008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rea","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Waite, T.D.","contributorId":31116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70186549,"text":"70186549 - 1994 - Stratigraphic relations and structural chaos on the southeastern limb of the Blue Ridge Anticlinorium and points east, central Virginia ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-05T11:28:36","indexId":"70186549","displayToPublicDate":"1994-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Stratigraphic relations and structural chaos on the southeastern limb of the Blue Ridge Anticlinorium and points east, central Virginia ","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Field guides to Southern Appalachian structure, stratigraphy, and engineering geology","language":"English","publisher":"Piedmont Virginia Tech Department of Geological Sciences","usgsCitation":"Evans, N., and Milici, R.C., 1994, Stratigraphic relations and structural chaos on the southeastern limb of the Blue Ridge Anticlinorium and points east, central Virginia , chap. of Field guides to Southern Appalachian structure, stratigraphy, and engineering geology, p. 31-64.","productDescription":"34 p. ","startPage":"31","endPage":"64","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339209,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e60278e4b09da6799ac6ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evans, N.H.","contributorId":190522,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evans","given":"N.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Milici, R. C.","contributorId":58688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milici","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70187186,"text":"70187186 - 1994 - Wide-band analysis of the 3 March 1985 central Chile earthquake: Overall source process and rupture history","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-25T11:24:12.193817","indexId":"70187186","displayToPublicDate":"1994-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wide-band analysis of the 3 March 1985 central Chile earthquake: Overall source process and rupture history","docAbstract":"We apply a linear, finite-fault waveform inversion scheme to the near-source strong-motion records, the teleseismic body waves, and the long-period Rayleigh waves recorded for the 3 March 1985 Chile earthquake to recover the mainshock rupture history. The data contain periods between about 2 and 350 sec and are inverted by allowing a variable dislocation rise time at each point on the fault. The results indicate that the mainshock had a seismic moment of 1.5 × 1028 dyne-cm (Mw 8.0) and ruptured mainly updip and to the south of the hypocenter for a distance of about 150 km along the Nazca-South America plate boundary. A smaller northward component of propagation is also evident, giving a total rupture length of about 200 km. The total source duration of the mainshock is 70 sec, with the majority of the slip occurring within the first 40 sec in a broad 100-km-wide zone in the northern half of the rupture area. Slip in this region extends from a depth of 55 km to within about 10 km of the surface and contains two areas of maximum slip (2.3 and 2.9 m) with rise times of approximately 14 sec. Slip in the southern portion of the fault reaches lower peak values (1.8 m) and extends downdip to depths no greater than 30 km. An independent variable rise-time inversion of the teleseismic body waves alone yields similar results, indicating that a significant component of slow fault motion is not required for this earthquake. The mainshock was preceded by several smaller precursors, the largest of which is an Mw ∼ 6.6 thrust earthquake occurring at a depth of 22 km in the shallow 15° dipping portion of the plate interface.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0840020269","usgsCitation":"Mendoza, C., Hartzell, S.H., and Monfret, T., 1994, Wide-band analysis of the 3 March 1985 central Chile earthquake: Overall source process and rupture history: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 84, no. 2, p. 269-283, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0840020269.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"269","endPage":"283","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340418,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/bssa/article/84/2/269/119755/Wide-band-analysis-of-the-3-March-1985-central"},{"id":340419,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Chile","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.71218456165248,\n -28.015528489275766\n ],\n [\n -72.71218456165248,\n -34.139204488457025\n ],\n [\n -68.37234081165289,\n -34.139204488457025\n ],\n [\n -68.37234081165289,\n -28.015528489275766\n ],\n [\n -72.71218456165248,\n -28.015528489275766\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"84","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59006082e4b0e85db3a5df0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mendoza, Carlos","contributorId":10313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mendoza","given":"Carlos","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":886711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hartzell, Stephen H. 0000-0003-0858-9043 shartzell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0858-9043","contributorId":2594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartzell","given":"Stephen","email":"shartzell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":886712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Monfret, Tony","contributorId":331078,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Monfret","given":"Tony","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":886713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70162696,"text":"70162696 - 1994 - Hurricane impacts on uplands and freshwater swamp forest: Large trees and epiphytes sustained the greatest damage during Hurricane Andrew","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-29T09:56:33","indexId":"70162696","displayToPublicDate":"1994-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":997,"text":"BioScience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hurricane impacts on uplands and freshwater swamp forest: Large trees and epiphytes sustained the greatest damage during Hurricane Andrew","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.2307/1312228","usgsCitation":"Loope, L., Duever, M., Herndon, A., Snyder, J., and Jansen, D., 1994, Hurricane impacts on uplands and freshwater swamp forest: Large trees and epiphytes sustained the greatest damage during Hurricane Andrew: BioScience, v. 44, no. 4, p. 238-246, https://doi.org/10.2307/1312228.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"238","endPage":"246","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":315028,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ac9b66e4b0403299f53a6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loope, Lloyd","contributorId":29781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loope","given":"Lloyd","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duever, Michael","contributorId":24853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duever","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herndon, Alan","contributorId":47318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herndon","given":"Alan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Snyder, James","contributorId":73481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jansen, Deborah","contributorId":13360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jansen","given":"Deborah","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70186599,"text":"70186599 - 1994 - The contribution of evaporation from the Great Lakes to the continental atmosphere: estimate based on stable isotope data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-05T19:39:51","indexId":"70186599","displayToPublicDate":"1994-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The contribution of evaporation from the Great Lakes to the continental atmosphere: estimate based on stable isotope data","docAbstract":"The isotopic composition of precipitation and river runoff in the vicinity of the North American Great Lakes is characterized by a higher deuterium-excess value than observed in the advecting air masses. It is suggested that this indicates that evaporated moisture from the surface waters is mixed with the atmosphere waters. A preliminary estimate of the atmospheric water balance during summer and autumn indicates that between 4.6%–15.7% of the atmospheric water content downwind from the Great Lakes is derived from lake evaporation during summer.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/94GL00069","usgsCitation":"Gat, J.R., Bowser, C.J., and Kendall, C., 1994, The contribution of evaporation from the Great Lakes to the continental atmosphere: estimate based on stable isotope data: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 21, no. 7, p. 557-560, https://doi.org/10.1029/94GL00069.","productDescription":"4 p. ","startPage":"557","endPage":"560","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339283,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e60277e4b09da6799ac6a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gat, Joel R.","contributorId":190595,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gat","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowser, Carl J.","contributorId":14050,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowser","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":689709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kendall, Carol 0000-0002-0247-3405 ckendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":1462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Carol","email":"ckendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":689710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70186655,"text":"70186655 - 1994 - Strike-slip faulting at Thebes Gap, Missouri and Illinois; implications for New Madrid tectonism","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-06T14:13:03","indexId":"70186655","displayToPublicDate":"1994-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3524,"text":"Tectonics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strike-slip faulting at Thebes Gap, Missouri and Illinois; implications for New Madrid tectonism","docAbstract":"Numerous NNE and NE striking strike-slip faults and associated normal faults, folds, and transtensional grabens occur in the Thebes Gap area of Missouri and Illinois. These structures developed along the northwestern margin of the buried Reelfoot rift of Precambrian-Cambrian age at the northern edge of the Mississippi embayment. They have had a long-lived and complex structural history. This is an area of recent moderate seismicity, approximately 45 km north of the New Madrid seismic zone. Stratigraphic evidence suggests that these faults were active during the Middle Ordovician. They were subsequently reactivated between the Early Devonian and Late Cretaceous, probably in response to both the Acadian and Ouachita orogenies. Deformation during this period was characterized by strongly faulted and folded Ordovician through Devonian rocks. In places, these deformed rocks are overlain with angular unconformity by undeformed Cretaceous strata. Fault motion is interpreted as dominantly strike slip. A still younger period of reactivation involved Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic formations as young as the Miocene or Pliocene Mounds Gravel. These formations have experienced both minor high-angle normal faulting and subsequent major, right-lateral strike-slip faulting. En echelon north-south folds, ENE striking normal faults, regional fracture patterns, and drag folds indicate the right-lateral motion for this major episode of faulting which predates deposition of Quaternary loess. Several nondefinitive lines of evidence suggest Quaternary faulting. Similar fault orientations and kinematics, as well as recent seismicity and proximity, clearly suggest a structural relationship between deformation at Thebes Gap and tectonism associated with the New Madrid area.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/93TC03190","usgsCitation":"Harrison, R., and Schultz, A., 1994, Strike-slip faulting at Thebes Gap, Missouri and Illinois; implications for New Madrid tectonism: Tectonics, v. 13, no. 2, p. 246-257, https://doi.org/10.1029/93TC03190.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"246","endPage":"257","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339354,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e75405e4b09da6799c0c80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harrison, Richard W. rharriso@usgs.gov","contributorId":544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrison","given":"Richard W.","email":"rharriso@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schultz, Art","contributorId":44982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schultz","given":"Art","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70180434,"text":"70180434 - 1994 - Effect of dietary vitamin E and selenium on growth, survival and the prevalence of Renibacterium salmoninarum infection in chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-30T13:21:30","indexId":"70180434","displayToPublicDate":"1994-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of dietary vitamin E and selenium on growth, survival and the prevalence of Renibacterium salmoninarum infection in chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)","docAbstract":"Groups of juvenile spring chinook salmon naturally infected with Renibacterium salmoninarum, the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease, were fed diets containing different levels of vitamin E and selenium for 214 days in fresh water and 110 days in seawater. The fish were fed vitamin E at concentrations of either 53±3 mg (designated e) or 299±9 mg (designated E) α-tocopheryl acetate equivalence/kg dry diet in combination with sodium selenite to give selenium concentrations of either 0.038±0.008 mg (designated s) or 2.49±0.15 mg (designated S)/kg dry diet. No mortality occurred in the group fed the ![\"Full-size](\"http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-0044848694902690-si1.gif\" "\\"Full-size")
diet, whereas mortality was 3% in the groups fed the ![\"Full-size](\"http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-0044848694902690-si2.gif\" "\\"Full-size")
and ![\"Full-size](\"http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-0044848694902690-si3.gif\" "\\"Full-size")
diets, and 31% in the group fed the ![\"Full-size](\"http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-0044848694902690-si4.gif\" "\\"Full-size")
diet. At the end of the experiment, weight gain and hematocrit values were significantly greater in those fish fed the E diets compared with those fed the e diets, whereas the hepato-somatic index was significantly higher in fish fed the e diets. Glutathione peroxidase activity in blood plasma was significantly higher in fish fed the S diets compared with those fed the s diets. No definite effect of dietary vitamin E and selenium on the prevalence and severity of natural R. salmoninarum infections was demonstrated.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0044-8486(94)90269-0","usgsCitation":"Thorarinsson, R., Landolt, M.L., Elliott, D.G., Pascho, R.J., and Hardy, R.W., 1994, Effect of dietary vitamin E and selenium on growth, survival and the prevalence of Renibacterium salmoninarum infection in chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha): Aquaculture, v. 121, no. 4, p. 343-358, https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(94)90269-0.","productDescription":"16 p. ","startPage":"343","endPage":"358","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334343,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"121","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58905ef7e4b072a7ac0cad6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thorarinsson, Ragnar","contributorId":177074,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thorarinsson","given":"Ragnar","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Landolt, Marsha L.","contributorId":168835,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Landolt","given":"Marsha","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elliott, Diane G. 0000-0002-4809-6692 dgelliott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4809-6692","contributorId":2947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"Diane","email":"dgelliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pascho, Ronald J.","contributorId":177070,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pascho","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hardy, Ronald W.","contributorId":177075,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hardy","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70162697,"text":"70162697 - 1994 - Mangroves, hurricanes, and lightning strikes: Assessment of Hurricane Andrew suggests an interaction across two differing scales of disturbance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-17T14:56:16","indexId":"70162697","displayToPublicDate":"1994-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":997,"text":"BioScience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mangroves, hurricanes, and lightning strikes: Assessment of Hurricane Andrew suggests an interaction across two differing scales of disturbance","docAbstract":"The track of Hurricane Andrew carried it across one of the most extensive mangrove for ests in the New World. Although it is well known that hurricanes affect mangrove forests, surprisingly little quantitative information exists concerning hurricane impact on forest structure, succession, species composition, and dynamics of mangrove-dependent fauna or on rates of eco-system recovery (see Craighead and Gilbert 1962, Roth 1992, Smith 1992, Smith and Duke 1987, Stoddart 1969).
After Hurricane Andrew's passage across south Florida, we assessed the environmental damage to the natural resources of the Everglades and Biscayne National Parks. Quantitative data collected during subsequent field trips (October 1992 to July 1993) are also provided. We present measurements of initial tree mortality by species and size class, estimates of delayed (or continuing) tree mortality, and observations of geomorphological changes along the coast and in the forests that could influence the course of forest recovery. We discuss a potential interaction across two differing scales of disturbance within mangrove forest systems: hurricanes and lightning strikes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.2307/1312230","usgsCitation":"Smith, T.J., Robblee, M.B., Wanless, H.R., and Doyle, T.W., 1994, Mangroves, hurricanes, and lightning strikes: Assessment of Hurricane Andrew suggests an interaction across two differing scales of disturbance: BioScience, v. 44, no. 4, p. 256-262, https://doi.org/10.2307/1312230.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"256","endPage":"262","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":315031,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Biscayne National Park, Everglades National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.82342529296875,\n 25.06569718553588\n ],\n [\n -81.82342529296875,\n 26.13817933988797\n ],\n [\n -80.10955810546875,\n 26.13817933988797\n ],\n [\n -80.10955810546875,\n 25.06569718553588\n ],\n [\n -81.82342529296875,\n 25.06569718553588\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"44","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ac9b6ae4b0403299f53a85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Thomas J. III tom_j_smith@usgs.gov","contributorId":1615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Thomas","suffix":"III","email":"tom_j_smith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":590185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robblee, Michael B. mike_robblee@usgs.gov","contributorId":3865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robblee","given":"Michael","email":"mike_robblee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":590186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wanless, Harold R.","contributorId":97094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanless","given":"Harold","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doyle, Thomas W. 0000-0001-5754-0671 doylet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5754-0671","contributorId":703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doyle","given":"Thomas","email":"doylet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":590188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70186697,"text":"70186697 - 1994 - Paleomagnetism and rotation constraints for the middle Miocene southwestern Nevada volcanic field","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-07T11:03:36","indexId":"70186697","displayToPublicDate":"1994-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3524,"text":"Tectonics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleomagnetism and rotation constraints for the middle Miocene southwestern Nevada volcanic field","docAbstract":"Middle Miocene rocks of the southwestern Nevada volcanic field (SWNVF) lie across the projection of the Walker Lane belt within the Basin and Range province and thus provide an interesting opportunity to test for late Cenozoic vertical-axis rotation. Paleomagnetic data from individual ash flow sheets document no significant relative vertical-axis rotation among localities within central SWNVF, an area of relatively low stratal tilts and widely spaced faults. A time-averaged mean paleomagnetic direction (D = 351.4°, I = 52.7°, α95 = 4.5°) calculated from data from numerous separate rock units suggests that the central SWNVF underwent minimal counterclockwise vertical-axis rotation (R = −7.1° ± 6.6°) with respect to the North American craton. No clockwise vertical-axis rotation is found to support projection of dextral faults of the Walker Lane beneath the central SWNVF. Clockwise rotation of variable magnitude is common at numerous sites from southern and western margins of the field. These clockwise rotations probably reflect dextral shear strain developed at the interface between the little extended central SWNVF block and more strongly extended areas to the south and southwest of the field. Negligible rotation of 11.45-Ma to 13.25-Ma tuffs relative to the central SWNVF was found at the southeast margin of the field where 90° clockwise rotation at the northwest termination of the Las Vegas Valley shear zone had been postulated. Any clockwise rotation in this area must predate 13.25 Ma, and thus dextral shear within this part of the Walker Lane belt was not synchronous or connected across the southern margin of the field. Small counterclockwise vertical-axis rotation relative to the craton, as found for the central SWNVF block, might be a regional feature in the western Great Basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/93TC03189","usgsCitation":"Hudson, M., Sawyer, D.A., and Warren, R.G., 1994, Paleomagnetism and rotation constraints for the middle Miocene southwestern Nevada volcanic field: Tectonics, v. 13, no. 2, p. 258-277, https://doi.org/10.1029/93TC03189.","productDescription":"20 p. ","startPage":"258","endPage":"277","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339412,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e8a549e4b09da6799d63db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hudson, Mark R. 0000-0003-0338-6079 mhudson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0338-6079","contributorId":1236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Mark R.","email":"mhudson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sawyer, David A. dsawyer@usgs.gov","contributorId":1262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sawyer","given":"David","email":"dsawyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":690306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Warren, Richard G.","contributorId":39646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warren","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70186955,"text":"70186955 - 1994 - 40Ar/39Ar constraints on chronology of Augusta fault zone movement and late Alleghanian extension, Southern Appalachian Piedmont, South Carolina and Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-14T16:20:49","indexId":"70186955","displayToPublicDate":"1994-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":732,"text":"American Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"40Ar/39Ar constraints on chronology of Augusta fault zone movement and late Alleghanian extension, Southern Appalachian Piedmont, South Carolina and Georgia","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","language":"English","publisher":"American Journal of Science","doi":"10.2475/ajs.294.4.428","usgsCitation":"Maher, H., Dallmeyer, R., Secor, D., and Sacks, P.E., 1994, 40Ar/39Ar constraints on chronology of Augusta fault zone movement and late Alleghanian extension, Southern Appalachian Piedmont, South Carolina and Georgia: American Journal of Science, v. 294, no. 4, p. 428-448, https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.294.4.428.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"428","endPage":"448","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339766,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"294","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f1e0cce4b08144348b7e4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maher, H.D.","contributorId":190956,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maher","given":"H.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dallmeyer, R.D.","contributorId":56733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dallmeyer","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Secor, D.T.","contributorId":190957,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Secor","given":"D.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sacks, P. E.","contributorId":190958,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sacks","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5223278,"text":"5223278 - 1994 - Conservation of invertebrates in US National Parks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-22T17:01:07.361949","indexId":"5223278","displayToPublicDate":"1994-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":713,"text":"American Entomologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conservation of invertebrates in US National Parks","docAbstract":"Entomologists who enter national parks often are surprised by the diversity of life and geography found in these remarkable natural areas. There are ichneumon wasps, carabid beetles, leps…and, of course, there are trees and mountains. In contrast, an average person entering the same parks will see the magnificent mountains and rivers, the endless forests and meadows, and the abundant wildlife. The experience would be pure joy if it were not for pesky mosquitoes. This difference in perspective explains why insects, and invertebrates in general, have traditionally been a low priority in the National Park Service (NPS). Typically, invertebrates are ignored until they cause problems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Entomological Society of America","doi":"10.1093/ae/40.2.76","usgsCitation":"Ginsberg, H.S., 1994, Conservation of invertebrates in US National Parks: American Entomologist, v. 40, no. 2, p. 76-79, https://doi.org/10.1093/ae/40.2.76.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"76","endPage":"79","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200165,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1994-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db69767c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ginsberg, Howard S. 0000-0002-4933-2466 hginsberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4933-2466","contributorId":3204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ginsberg","given":"Howard","email":"hginsberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":338281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017740,"text":"70017740 - 1994 - The effects of volcanic ash disturbances on a peat-forming environment: Environmental disruption and taphonomic consequences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-12T15:08:10.055982","indexId":"70017740","displayToPublicDate":"1994-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3000,"text":"Palaios","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effects of volcanic ash disturbances on a peat-forming environment: Environmental disruption and taphonomic consequences","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.2307/3515103","usgsCitation":"Crowley, S.S., Dufek, D., Stanton, R., and Ryer, T., 1994, The effects of volcanic ash disturbances on a peat-forming environment: Environmental disruption and taphonomic consequences: Palaios, v. 9, no. 2, p. 158-174, https://doi.org/10.2307/3515103.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"158","endPage":"174","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228995,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"central Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.00646345561813,\n 39.25875080886331\n ],\n [\n -112.00646345561813,\n 38.65879496351201\n ],\n [\n -111.33729970862748,\n 38.65879496351201\n ],\n [\n -111.33729970862748,\n 39.25875080886331\n ],\n [\n -112.00646345561813,\n 39.25875080886331\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505babaae4b08c986b322fbf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crowley, Sharon S.","contributorId":78325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crowley","given":"Sharon","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dufek, D.A.","contributorId":100560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dufek","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stanton, R.W.","contributorId":19164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ryer, Thomas A.","contributorId":46091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryer","given":"Thomas A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70185386,"text":"70185386 - 1994 - Effect of atrazine on potential denitrification in aquifer sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-27T10:57:44","indexId":"70185386","displayToPublicDate":"1994-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3416,"text":"Soil Biology and Biochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of atrazine on potential denitrification in aquifer sediments","docAbstract":"Agriculturaf use of fertilizers and herbicides has often resulted in nitrate and atrazine contamination of the shallow aquifers that underlay cultivated fields. In several cases, the concentrations of atrazine and nitrate dissolved in ground water are positively correlated (Spalding ef al., 1979; Chen and Druliner, 1987; Spalding et al., 1989). Because simultaneous application of nitrate fertilizers and the herbicide, atrazine, is common, the co-occurrence of these contaminants in ground water is not entirely unexpected. However, the possibility also exists that this co-occurrence may ret&t interactions of atrazine with nitrate in the subsurface environment. R&ton and Cervelh (1980), McElhannon ei al. (1984) and Mills (1984) have reported that atrazine inhibits denitrification in‘soil’lf this i‘s indeed the case, atrazine contamination may contribute to nitrate preservation and accumulation in anaerobic aquifers by inhibiting denitrification, the principal mechanism for nitrate removal in anaerobic systems. Huwever, the effect of atrazine on the rate of denit~ficat~on in soils remains controversial, because atrazine has been reported variously to enhance denitrification (Cervelli and Ralston, 1983) or to have no effect on denitrification in soils (Bollag and Henninger, 1976; Yeomans and Bremner, IQ85, 1987). Moreover, the effect of dissolved atrazine concentrations on the rate of denitrification in aquifer sediments has not been reported. Our purpose was to determine the elects of dissolved atrazine concentrations on potential rates ofdenitri~~t~on in aquifer sediments from two different agricultural areas to evaluate the hypothesis that, by inhibiting denitrification, atrazine contributes to nitrate preservation in anaerobic aquifer systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0038-0717(94)90186-4","usgsCitation":"Bradley, P., Chapelle, F.H., Jagucki, M., and McMahon, P., 1994, Effect of atrazine on potential denitrification in aquifer sediments: Soil Biology and Biochemistry, v. 26, no. 4, p. 523-524, https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(94)90186-4.","productDescription":"2 p. ","startPage":"523","endPage":"524","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337949,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d23b98e4b0236b68f82987","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, P. M. 0000-0001-7522-8606","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":29465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapelle, F. H.","contributorId":101697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jagucki, M.L.","contributorId":57892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jagucki","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McMahon, P.B. 0000-0001-7452-2379","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":10762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"P.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70186585,"text":"70186585 - 1994 - Implications of felt area-magnitude relations for earthquake scaling and the average frequency of perceptible ground motion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-25T23:34:45.146452","indexId":"70186585","displayToPublicDate":"1994-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Implications of felt area-magnitude relations for earthquake scaling and the average frequency of perceptible ground motion","docAbstract":"Observed relations between felt area and moment magnitude M for stable continental regions (SCR) and California earthquakes can be explained by a simple model with geometrical spreading, attenuation (Q−1), and earthquake stress drops that remain constant from M 4 to 8. Differences in the slopes of the observed felt area-M relations between SCR and California earthquakes are consistent with differences in Q between these tectonic settings. Fitting the felt area-M data to the model yields an estimate of f/Q, where f is the average frequency of minimum perceptible ground motion. Using fits to the data and instrumentally derived values of Q, I find that f is between about 2 and 4 Hz. I present an estimate of the spectral acceleration level associated with the lower limit of perceptibility.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0840020462","usgsCitation":"Frankel, A., 1994, Implications of felt area-magnitude relations for earthquake scaling and the average frequency of perceptible ground motion: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 84, no. 2, p. 462-465, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0840020462.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"462","endPage":"465","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339254,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/bssa/article/84/2/462/119834/Implications-of-felt-area-magnitude-relations-for"},{"id":339255,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"84","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e60277e4b09da6799ac6ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frankel, Arthur","contributorId":103761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"Arthur","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1015800,"text":"1015800 - 1994 - Identification of kin structure among Guam rail founders: A comparison of pedigrees and DNA profiles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-15T16:25:41.719715","indexId":"1015800","displayToPublicDate":"1994-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2774,"text":"Molecular Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identification of kin structure among Guam rail founders: A comparison of pedigrees and DNA profiles","docAbstract":"Kin structure among founders can have a significant effect on subsequent population structure. Here we use the correlation between DNA profile similarity and relatedness calculated from pedigrees to test hypotheses regarding kin structure among founders to the captive Guam rail (Rallus owstoni) population. Five different pedigrees were generated under the following hypotheses: (i) founders are unrelated; (ii) founders are unrelated except for same-nest chicks; (iii) founders from the same major site are siblings; (iv) founders from the same local site are siblings; and (v) founders are related as defined by a UPGMA cluster analysis of DNA similarity data. Relatedness values from pedigrees 1, 2 and 5 had the highest correlation with DNA similarity but the correlation between relatedness and similarity were not significantly different among pedigrees. Pedigree 5 resulted in the highest correlation overall when using only relatedness values that changed as a result of different founder hypotheses. Thus, founders were assigned relatedness based on pedigree 5 because it had the highest correlations with DNA similarity, was the most conservative approach, and incorporated all field data. The analyses indicated that estimating relatedness using DNA profiles remains problematic, therefore we compared mean kinship, a measure of genetic importance, with mean DNA profile similarity to determine if genetic importance among individuals could be determined via use of DNA profiles alone. The significant correlation suggests this method may provide more information about population structure than was previously thought. Thus, DNA profiles can provide a reasonable explanation for founder relatedness and mean DNA profile similarity may be helpful in determining relative genetic importance of individuals when detailed pedigrees are absent.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-294X.1994.tb00111.x","usgsCitation":"Haig, S.M., Ballou, J., and Casna, N., 1994, Identification of kin structure among Guam rail founders: A comparison of pedigrees and DNA profiles: Molecular Ecology, v. 3, no. 2, p. 109-119, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.1994.tb00111.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"119","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134276,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Guam","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 144.5231597660901,\n 13.724830565341477\n ],\n [\n 144.5231597660901,\n 13.235692611606524\n ],\n [\n 145.06495547040333,\n 13.235692611606524\n ],\n [\n 145.06495547040333,\n 13.724830565341477\n ],\n [\n 144.5231597660901,\n 13.724830565341477\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c7c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haig, Susan M. 0000-0002-6616-7589 susan_haig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-7589","contributorId":719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"Susan","email":"susan_haig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ballou, J.D.","contributorId":7245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballou","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Casna, N.J.","contributorId":67849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casna","given":"N.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70186249,"text":"70186249 - 1994 - Evidence for an upper mantle low velocity zone beneath the southern Basin and Range-Colorado Plateau transition zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T11:24:42","indexId":"70186249","displayToPublicDate":"1994-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for an upper mantle low velocity zone beneath the southern Basin and Range-Colorado Plateau transition zone","docAbstract":"A 370-km-long seismic refraction/wide-angle reflection profile recorded during the Pacific to Arizona Crustal Experiment (PACE) detected an upper mantle P-wave low-velocity zone (LVZ) in the depth range 40 to 55 km beneath the Basin and Range in southern Arizona. Interpretation of seismic data places constraints on the sub-crustal lithosphere of the southern Basin and Range Province, which is important in light of the active tectonics of the region and the unknown role of the sub-crustal lithosphere in the development of the western United States. Forward travel time and synthetic seismogram techniques are used to model this shallow upper mantle LVZ. Modeling results show that the LVZ is defined by a 5% velocity decrease relative to a Pn velocity of 7.95 km s−1, suggesting either a ∼3–5% mafic partial melt or high-temperature, sub-solidus peridotite.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/93GL01660","usgsCitation":"Benz, H., and McCarthy, J., 1994, Evidence for an upper mantle low velocity zone beneath the southern Basin and Range-Colorado Plateau transition zone: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 21, no. 7, p. 509-512, https://doi.org/10.1029/93GL01660.","productDescription":"4 p. ","startPage":"509","endPage":"512","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339018,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e35f90e4b09da67997ecf2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benz, H.M.","contributorId":21594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCarthy, J.","contributorId":50290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarthy","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70186217,"text":"70186217 - 1994 - Early warning system for aftershocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-25T23:38:02.480234","indexId":"70186217","displayToPublicDate":"1994-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Early warning system for aftershocks","docAbstract":"A prototype early warning system to provide San Francisco and Oakland, California a few tens-of-seconds warning of incoming strong ground shaking from already-occurred M ≧ 3.7 aftershocks of the magnitude 7.1 17 October 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake was operational on 28 October 1989. The prototype system consisted of four components: ground motion sensors in the epicentral area, a central receiver, a radio repeater, and radio receivers. One of the radio receivers was deployed at the California Department of Transportation (CALTRANS) headquarters at the damaged Cypress Street section of the I-880 freeway in Oakland, California on 28 October 1989 and provided about 20 sec of warning before shaking from the M 4.5 Loma Prieta aftershock that occurred on 2 November 1989 at 0550 UTC. In its first 6 months of operation, the system generated triggers for all 12 M > 3.7 aftershocks for which trigger documentation is preserved, did not trigger on any M ≦ 3.6 aftershocks, and produced one false trigger as a result of a now-corrected single point of failure design flaw. Because the prototype system demonstrated that potentially useful warnings of strong shaking from aftershocks are feasible, the USGS has completed a portable early warning system for aftershocks that can be deployed anywhere.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0840020359","usgsCitation":"Bakun, W.H., Fischer, F., Jensen, E., and VanSchaack, J., 1994, Early warning system for aftershocks: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 84, no. 2, p. 359-365, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0840020359.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"359","endPage":"365","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":338981,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/bssa/article/84/2/359/119798/Early-warning-system-for-aftershocks"},{"id":338984,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.22332656538535,\n 38.63998260571137\n ],\n [\n -123.22332656538535,\n 35.93080870601099\n ],\n [\n -119.83953750288532,\n 35.93080870601099\n ],\n [\n -119.83953750288532,\n 38.63998260571137\n ],\n [\n -123.22332656538535,\n 38.63998260571137\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"84","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58df6ac9e4b02ff32c6aea85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bakun, W. H.","contributorId":67055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bakun","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fischer, F.G.","contributorId":41013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"F.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jensen, E.G.","contributorId":19962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jensen","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"VanSchaack, J.","contributorId":190241,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"VanSchaack","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
]}