Water Resources data for the 1993 water year for South Carolina consists of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage and contents of lakes and reservoirs; and levels of ground-water wells. This volume contains records for water discharge at 121 gaging stations, stage only at 39 gaging stations, stage and contents at 12 lakes and reservoirs, water-quality at 34 gaging stations and at one observation well, water temperature at 18 gaging stations, and water levels at 32 observations wells. Also included are data for 80 crest-stage partial-record stations and discharge measurement information at 4 locations. Locations of these sites are shown on figures 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7. Additional water data were collected at various sites not involved in the systematic data-collection program. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in South Carolina.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrSC931","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of South Carolina and with other agencies.","usgsCitation":"Bennett, C., Cooney, T., Jones, K., and Drewes, P., 1994, Water resources data, South Carolina, water year 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report SC-93-1, xii, 494 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrSC931.","productDescription":"xii, 494 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":484918,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1993/sc-93-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":177556,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1993/sc-93-1/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South 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Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fab5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bennett, C.S.","contributorId":13273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":252163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooney, T.W.","contributorId":25194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooney","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":252164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, K.H.","contributorId":93566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":252166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Drewes, P.A.","contributorId":31022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drewes","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":252165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":2000061,"text":"2000061 - 1994 - The state of Lake Superior in 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:57","indexId":"2000061","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":217,"text":"Special Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"94-1","title":"The state of Lake Superior in 1992","docAbstract":"The Lake Superior fish community in 1992 is substantially different than it was a half century ago and is far from a state desired by management agencies. Fish-community objectives were established for Lake Superior in response to A Joint Strategic Plan for Management of Great Lakes Fisheries (Great Lakes Fishery Commission 1980) and are the template for this report on the state of the lake. Reporting on progress toward meeting stated goals and objectives will focus attention on critical fishery issues and enhance understanding among fishery- and environmental-management agencies, political bodies, and the public.","language":"English","publisher":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission","publisherLocation":"Ann Arbor, MI","usgsCitation":"Hansen, M.J., 1994, The state of Lake Superior in 1992: Special Publication 94-1, 110 p.","productDescription":"110 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"110","numberOfPages":"110","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198864,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":92214,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.glfc.org/pubs/SpecialPubs/Sp94_1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635e88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, Michael J. 0000-0001-8522-3876 michaelhansen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8522-3876","contributorId":5006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Michael","email":"michaelhansen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":325025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2705,"text":"wsp2421 - 1994 - Saltwater movement in the upper Floridan aquifer beneath Port Royal Sound, South Carolina","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":20945,"text":"ofr91483 - 1993 - Saltwater movement in the Upper Floridan aquifer beneath Port Royal Sound, South Carolina","indexId":"ofr91483","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Saltwater movement in the Upper Floridan aquifer beneath Port Royal Sound, South Carolina"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2705,"text":"wsp2421 - 1994 - Saltwater movement in the upper Floridan aquifer beneath Port Royal Sound, South Carolina","indexId":"wsp2421","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"title":"Saltwater movement in the upper Floridan aquifer beneath Port Royal Sound, South Carolina"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-03T10:05:02","indexId":"wsp2421","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2421","title":"Saltwater movement in the upper Floridan aquifer beneath Port Royal Sound, South Carolina","docAbstract":"Freshwater for Hilton Head Island, South Carolina, is supplied by withdrawals from the Upper Floridan aquifer. Freshwater for the nearby city of Savannah, Georgia, and for the industry that has grown adjacent to the city, has also been supplied, in part, by withdrawal from the Upper Floridan aquifer since 1885. The withdrawal of ground water has caused water levels in the Upper Floridan aquifer to decline over a broad area, forming a cone of depression in the potentiometric surface of the aquifer centered near Savannah. In 1984, the cone of depression extended beneath Hilton Head Island as far as Port Royal Sound. Flow in the aquifer, which had previously been toward Port Royal Sound, has been reversed, and, as a result, saltwater in the aquifer beneath Port Royal Sound has begun to move toward Hilton Head Island. \r\n\r\nThe Saturated-Unsaturated Transport (SUTRA) model of the U.S. Geological Survey was used for the simulation of density-dependent ground-water flow and solute transport for a vertical section of the Upper Floridan aquifer and upper confining unit beneath Hilton Head Island and Port Royal Sound. The model simulated a dynamic equilibrium between the flow of seawater and freshwater in the aquifer near the Gyben-Herzberg position estimated for the period before withdrawals began in 1885; it simulated reasonable movements of brackish water and saltwater from that position to the position determined by chemical analyses of samples withdrawn from the aquifer in 1984, and it approximated hydraulic heads measured in the aquifer in 1976 and 1984. \r\n\r\nThe solute-transport simulations indicate that the transition zone would continue to move toward Hilton Head Island even if pumping ceased on the island. Increases in existing withdrawals or additional withdrawals on or near Hilton Head Island would accelerate movement of the transition zone toward the island, but reduction in withdrawals or the injection of freshwater would slow movement toward the island, according to the simulations. \r\n\r\nFuture movements of the transition zone toward Hilton Head Island will depend on hydraulic gradients in the aquifer beneath the island and the sound. Hydraulic gradients in the Upper Floridan aquifer beneath Hilton Head Island and Port Royal Sound are strongly influenced by withdrawals on the island and near Savannah. Since 1984, withdrawals on Hilton Head Island have increased.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ;\r\nFor sale by the U.S. Geological Survey, Map Distribution, Denver 80225,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2421","usgsCitation":"Smith, B.S., 1994, Saltwater movement in the upper Floridan aquifer beneath Port Royal Sound, South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2421, v, 40 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2421.","productDescription":"v, 40 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":138789,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2421/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29075,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2421/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Port Royal Sound, Upper Floridan Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.71307373046874,\n 35.67068501330236\n ],\n [\n -83.71307373046874,\n 35.67068501330236\n ],\n [\n -83.7103271484375,\n 35.67068501330236\n ],\n [\n -83.7103271484375,\n 35.67068501330236\n ],\n [\n -83.71307373046874,\n 35.67068501330236\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.30957031249999,\n 31.57853542647338\n ],\n [\n -82.30957031249999,\n 33.65120829920497\n ],\n [\n -79.156494140625,\n 33.65120829920497\n ],\n [\n -79.156494140625,\n 31.57853542647338\n ],\n [\n -82.30957031249999,\n 31.57853542647338\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f6e4b07f02db5f1631","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Barry S.","contributorId":21532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Barry","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":56258,"text":"wdrPR931 - 1994 - Water resources data, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, Water Year 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:49","indexId":"wdrPR931","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"PR-93-1","title":"Water resources data, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, Water Year 1993","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrPR931","usgsCitation":"Diaz, P., Aquino, Z., Figueroa-Alamo, C., Vachier, R., and Sanchez, A., 1994, Water resources data, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, Water Year 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report PR-93-1, 568 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrPR931.","productDescription":"568 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":174449,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1993/pr-93-1/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":88118,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1993/pr-93-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f5e4b07f02db5f0ba7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diaz, P.L.","contributorId":21626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diaz","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aquino, Zaida","contributorId":71621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aquino","given":"Zaida","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Figueroa-Alamo, Carlos","contributorId":95904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Figueroa-Alamo","given":"Carlos","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vachier, R.J.","contributorId":47017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vachier","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sanchez, A.V.","contributorId":94731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanchez","given":"A.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":61306,"text":"mf2081F - 1994 - Maps showing interpretation, using R-mode factor analysis, of trace-element abundances in stream-sediment samples, Delta 1 degree by 2 degrees quadrangle, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-29T19:23:25.556659","indexId":"mf2081F","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2081","chapter":"F","title":"Maps showing interpretation, using R-mode factor analysis, of trace-element abundances in stream-sediment samples, Delta 1 degree by 2 degrees quadrangle, Utah","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf2081F","usgsCitation":"Zimbelman, D.R., 1994, Maps showing interpretation, using R-mode factor analysis, of trace-element abundances in stream-sediment samples, Delta 1 degree by 2 degrees quadrangle, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2081, 2 Plates: 41.14 x 57.32 inches and 39.63 x 41.38 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2081F.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 41.14 x 57.32 inches and 39.63 x 41.38 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487284,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5687.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":364343,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2081-F/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":180279,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2081-F/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":364344,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2081-F/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Delta quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114,39 ], [ -114,40 ], [ -112,40 ], [ -112,39 ], [ -114,39 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605b0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimbelman, D. R.","contributorId":43768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimbelman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3384,"text":"cir1099 - 1994 - Regional Aquifer-System Analysis Program of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1978-1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:36","indexId":"cir1099","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1099","title":"Regional Aquifer-System Analysis Program of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1978-1992","docAbstract":"The major ground-water systems of the United States have been investigated by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) through its Regional Aquifer-System Analysis (RASA) Program. During the first 15 years of the program (1978-92), 25 regional aquifer systems, including the most heavily pumped aquifers in the Nation, were intensively studied. As of mid-1992, 18 of the regional aquifer studies are completed or nearly so; 7 of the regional aquifer studies are ongoing, and compilation of a national ground-water atlas is in progress. \r\n\r\nThis report summarizes the status of each RASA study and briefly describes the hydrology of the 25 regional aquifer systems. Important study results and examples of applications of study results are presented for some of the completed RASA investigations. \r\n\r\nThe major contributions of the RASA Program are (1) assembly of data from numerous local studies and long-time data collections into systematic regional data bases; (2) comprehensive descriptions of the geologic, hydrologic, and geochemical characteristics of the regional aquifer systems; and (3) an understanding of how the regional ground-water-flow systems function under natural (predevelopment) and current (developed) conditions. To provide the comprehensive system descriptions, many of the RASA studies present, for the first time, maps depicting the hydrogeologic frameworks, water chemistry, potentiometric surfaces, and other aspects of entire regional aquifer systems. \r\n\r\nTo provide an understanding of how the flow systems function, several of the completed RASA studies provide, for the first time, hydrologic budgets for both predevelopment and developed conditions. The results of the RASA Program are contained in nearly 900 reports published by the USGS, as well as various State and local agencies, and in articles published in scientific journals. A series of U.S. Geological Survey Professional Papers are being published to summarize and synthesize the results of each RASA study.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ;\r\nFor sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Map Distribution,","doi":"10.3133/cir1099","usgsCitation":"Sun, R.J., and Johnston, R.H., 1994, Regional Aquifer-System Analysis Program of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1978-1992: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1099, vii, 126 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1099.","productDescription":"vii, 126 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117900,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1994/1099/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30398,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1994/1099/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ce4b07f02db613de8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sun, Ren Jen","contributorId":68721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sun","given":"Ren","email":"","middleInitial":"Jen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnston, Richard H.","contributorId":95860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1017418,"text":"1017418 - 1994 - Disturbance dynamics of Pitcher's thistle populations in Great Lakes dune systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-07T00:24:40.513012","indexId":"1017418","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1121,"text":"Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Disturbance dynamics of Pitcher's thistle populations in Great Lakes dune systems","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","usgsCitation":"McEachern, A.K., 1994, Disturbance dynamics of Pitcher's thistle populations in Great Lakes dune systems: Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America, v. 75, p. 147-147.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"147","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132882,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6be4b07f02db63d906","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McEachern, A. K.","contributorId":29777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEachern","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1017408,"text":"1017408 - 1994 - Green Crab Alert","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:35","indexId":"1017408","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1342,"text":"Crab Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Green Crab Alert","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Crab Newsletter","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Kuris, A.M., and Lafferty, K.D., 1994, Green Crab Alert: Crab Newsletter, v. 1, no. 1, p. 4-5.","productDescription":"p. 4-5","startPage":"4","endPage":"5","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133055,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db671fc3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuris, A. M.","contributorId":62164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuris","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lafferty, K. D.","contributorId":58213,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lafferty","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1017407,"text":"1017407 - 1994 - Taxonomic affinities of Arctostaphylos and Ceanothus cultivars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-06T01:01:41","indexId":"1017407","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1693,"text":"Fremontia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Taxonomic affinities of Arctostaphylos and Ceanothus cultivars","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fremontia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J., and Keeley, M., 1994, Taxonomic affinities of Arctostaphylos and Ceanothus cultivars: Fremontia, v. 22, no. 1, p. 27-30.","productDescription":"p. 27-30","startPage":"27","endPage":"30","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133054,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa398","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":69082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keeley, M.B.","contributorId":18719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":26031,"text":"wri934102 - 1994 - Effects of controlled burning of chaparral on streamflow and sediment characteristics, East Fork Sycamore Creek, central Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:33","indexId":"wri934102","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4102","title":"Effects of controlled burning of chaparral on streamflow and sediment characteristics, East Fork Sycamore Creek, central Arizona","docAbstract":"The effects of controlled burning of part of a chaparral-covered drainage basin on streamflow and sediment characteristics were studied in the upper reaches of the Sycamore Creek basin in central Arizona. A paired-watershed method was used to analyze data collected in two phases separated by the controlled burning of 45 percent of the East Fork Sycamore Creek drainage basin by the U.S. Forest Service on October 31, 1981. Statistically significant increases in streamflow in East Fork occurred from October 26, 1982, through August 25, 1984. Streamflow for August 26, 1984, through the end of data collection for the study on May 31, 1986, was generally at or less than preburn levels. An increase in the percentage of time that flow occurred in East Fork was noted for water years 1983 and 1984. No increase in the magnitude of instantaneous peak flows as a result of the burn was discernable at statistically significant levels. Suspended-sediment yields computed for data collected during water year 1983 were significantly greater in the East Fork drainage basin, 546 tons per square mile, than in the West Fork drainage basin, 22.6 tons per square mile. Suspended-sediment yields computed for East Fork and West Fork for water year 1985, 38.3 and 13.3 tons per square mile, respectively, were much closer in yield. These more uniform yields indicate a possible return to preburn conditions. Data collection did not begin until 11 months after the burn; therefore, the largest increases in streamflow and sediment yields, which commonly occur during the year after a burn, may not have been measured. During the second through fourth years after the burn, smaller increases in stream- flow and sediment yields were found in this study than were found in similar studies in this region.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Books and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri934102","usgsCitation":"Baldys, S., and Hjalmarson, H., 1994, Effects of controlled burning of chaparral on streamflow and sediment characteristics, East Fork Sycamore Creek, central Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4102, v, 33 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934102.","productDescription":"v, 33 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123531,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4102/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54811,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4102/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54812,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4102/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2fe4b07f02db615d78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baldys, Stanley sbaldys@usgs.gov","contributorId":3366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldys","given":"Stanley","email":"sbaldys@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":195672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hjalmarson, H. W.","contributorId":95872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hjalmarson","given":"H. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1016513,"text":"1016513 - 1994 - Predation by dipteran larvae on fairy shrimp (Crustacea: Anostraca) in Utah rock pools","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:52","indexId":"1016513","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3451,"text":"Southwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predation by dipteran larvae on fairy shrimp (Crustacea: Anostraca) in Utah rock pools","docAbstract":"A series of experiments examined how ecological factors affect notonectid foraging success on fairy shrimp. Variation in pond depth over natural ranges had no direct effect on notonectid ability to capture fairy shrimp. Decreases in water clarity over natural ranges led to decreased notonectid ability to capture fairy shrimp. This corresponds with the observation that six weeks after the fairy shrimp hatched they were more likely to be present in cloudy ponds than in ponds containing clearer water. If correct, this is a situation where physical factors have a major effect on how a biological interaction influences the local distribution of species. It appears water depth indirectly affects notonectid foraging rates, as shallow ponds are apparently made cloudy by wind-driven waves disturbing the bottom mud. These results suggest the notonectid-fairy shrimp interaction will not be a constant for any given pond, but will depend on abiotic factors like amount of rainfall and frequency of windy conditions. ","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southwestern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Graham, T.B., 1994, Predation by dipteran larvae on fairy shrimp (Crustacea: Anostraca) in Utah rock pools: Southwestern Naturalist, v. 39, no. 2, p. 206-207.","productDescription":"p. 206-207","startPage":"206","endPage":"207","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":135018,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db6805e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graham, T. B.","contributorId":48923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2002286,"text":"2002286 - 1994 - Ingestion of bones, stones and soil by desert tortoises","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:58","indexId":"2002286","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":68,"text":"Research","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"13","title":"Ingestion of bones, stones and soil by desert tortoises","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biology of North American Tortoises","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Esque, T., and Peters, E., 1994, Ingestion of bones, stones and soil by desert tortoises: Research 13, p. 105-112.","productDescription":"p. 105-112","startPage":"105","endPage":"112","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199132,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f1e4b07f02db5ee500","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Esque, T. C. 0000-0002-4166-6234","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4166-6234","contributorId":76250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esque","given":"T. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peters, E.L.","contributorId":65576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":54376,"text":"wdrAL931 - 1994 - Water resources data, Alabama, water year 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-25T19:24:36.22313","indexId":"wdrAL931","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"AL-93-1","title":"Water resources data, Alabama, water year 1993","docAbstract":"The Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with State and Federal agencies, obtains a large amount of data pertaining to the water resources of Alabama each water year. These data, accumulated during many water years, constitute a valuable data base for developing an improved understanding of the water resources of the State. To make these data readily available to interested parties outside the Geological Survey, the data are published annually in this report series entitled \"Water Resources Data - Alabama.\"
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrAL931","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Alabama Department of Environmental Management, the Alabama Highway Department, and with other State, municipal, and Federal agencies","usgsCitation":"Pearman, J., Sedberry, F., Stricklin, V., and Cole, P., 1994, Water resources data, Alabama, water year 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report AL-93-1, ix, 524 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrAL931.","productDescription":"ix, 524 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":409633,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1993/al-93-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":180798,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1993/al-93-1/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc7b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearman, J. L.","contributorId":76353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearman","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sedberry, F.C.","contributorId":8922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sedberry","given":"F.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stricklin, V.E.","contributorId":106146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stricklin","given":"V.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cole, P.W.","contributorId":98795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"P.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":54946,"text":"wdrPA932 - 1994 - Water resources data, Pennsylvania, water year 1993. Volume 2. Susquehanna and Potomac River basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-14T19:20:16.201436","indexId":"wdrPA932","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"PA-93-2","title":"Water resources data, Pennsylvania, water year 1993. Volume 2. Susquehanna and Potomac River basins","docAbstract":"Water resources data for the 1993 water year for Pennsylvania consist of records of discharge and water quality of streams; contents and elevations of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality of ground-water wells. This report, Volume 2, includes records from the Susquehanna and Potomac River Basins. Specifically, Volume 2 contains (1) discharge records for 97 continuous-record streamflow gaging stations and 39 partial-record stations; (2) elevation and contents records for 13 lakes and reservoirs; and (3) water-level records for 25 observation wells. The location of these sites is shown in figures 6-8. Additional water data collected at various sites not involved in the systematic data-collection program are also presented. These data together with the data in Volumes 1 and 3, represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State, local, and Federal agencies in Pennsylvania.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrPA932","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Baltimore District, the Susquehanna River Basin Commission, and with other State, municipal, and Federal agencies","usgsCitation":"Durlin, R., and Schaffstall, W., 1994, Water resources data, Pennsylvania, water year 1993. Volume 2. Susquehanna and Potomac River basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report PA-93-2, xviii, 361 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrPA932.","productDescription":"xviii, 361 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":483388,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1993/pa-93-2/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":177275,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1993/pa-93-2/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Potomac River basin, Susquehanna River 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fad0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Durlin, R.R.","contributorId":67116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durlin","given":"R.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":252109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schaffstall, W.P.","contributorId":20010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaffstall","given":"W.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":252108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":54945,"text":"wdrPA931 - 1994 - Water resources data, Pennsylvania, water year 1993: Volume 1. Delaware River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-03T16:23:33.86084","indexId":"wdrPA931","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"PA-93-1","title":"Water resources data, Pennsylvania, water year 1993: Volume 1. Delaware River Basin","docAbstract":"Water resources dan for the 1993 waxer year for Pennsylvania consist of records of discharge and waxer quality of streams; contents and elevations of lakes and reservoirs; and waxer levels and waxer quality of ground-water wells. This report, Volume 1, includes records from the Delaware River Basin. Specifically, Volume 1 contains (1) discharge records for 94 continuous-record streamflow-gaging stations and 25 partial-record stations; (2) elevation and contents records for 12 lakes and reservoirs; and (3) waxer-quality records for 33 gaging stations and 38 ungaged streamsites; and (4) waxer-level records for 17 observation wells. The location of these sites is shown in figures 6-9. Additional water data collected at various sites not involved in the systematic data-collection program are also presented. These data together with the data in Volumes 2 and 3, represent that part of the National Waxer Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State, local, and Federal agencies in Pennsylvania.
The measurement of concentrations of volatile species in soil gases has potential for use in geochemical exploration for concealed ore deposits and for monitoring of subsurface contaminants. However, the interpretation of anomalies in surficial gases can be difficult because soil-gas concentrations are dependent on both meteorological and environmental conditions.
For this study, concentrations of He, CO2, O2 and N2 and meteorological conditions were monitored for 10–14 months at eight nonmineralized sites in both humid and dry environments. Gases were collected at 0.6–0.7-m depth at seven sites. At one site, gases were collected from 0.3-, 0.6-, 1.2-, and 2.0-m depths; diurnal monitoring studies were conducted at this site also. Rain and snowfall, soil and air temperatures, barometric pressure, and relative humidity were monitored at all the sites. The sand, silt and clay content, and the organic carbon content of surficial soil were measured at each site.
Meteorological conditions generally affected He and CO2 concentrations in the same way at all the sites; however, these effects were modified by local environmental conditions. Both seasonal and diurnal concentration changes occurred. The most important seasonal concentration changes were related to rain and snowfall and soil and air temperatures. Seasonal changes tended to be larger then the diurnal changes, but both could be related to the same processes. Local conditions of soil type and organic content affected the amount of pore space and moisture present in the soil and therefore the soil-gas concentrations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0883-2927(94)90052-3","usgsCitation":"Hinkle, M., 1994, Environmental conditions affecting concentrations of He, CO2, O2 and N2 in soil gases: Applied Geochemistry, v. 9, no. 1, p. 53-63, https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(94)90052-3.","productDescription":"11 p. ","startPage":"53","endPage":"63","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339383,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e8a54ae4b09da6799d63e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinkle, Margaret","contributorId":36918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkle","given":"Margaret","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":59122,"text":"mf2269 - 1994 - Bathymetry of the west-central slope of the island of Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-10T20:22:12.259026","indexId":"mf2269","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2269","title":"Bathymetry of the west-central slope of the island of Hawaii","docAbstract":"This map shows the topography of a small part of the subaerial western part of the Island of Hawaii as well as modern multibeam bathymetry of the west submarine flank, which covers a total area of about 8,500 km2 ( see index map). The map area includes part of the submerged flanks of the active Mauna Loa and Hualalai Volcanoes, which last erupted in 1984 and 1801 respectively. The steep and irregular submarine slope is shaped by several giant submarine landslides. They were first identified during surveys from the U.S. Geological Survey research vessel S.P. Lee in 1976 and 1978 (Normark and others, 1979) and later mapped in more detail during a swath-sonar survey (GLORIA) of the United States Hawaiian Exclusive Economic Zone in 1986 to 1991 (Lipman and others, 1988; Moore and others, 1989) as part of a cooperative venture of the U.S. Geological Survey and the British Institute of Oceanographic Sciences.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf2269","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey--National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Joint Office for Mapping and Research","usgsCitation":"Chadwick, W.W., Moore, J.G., and Fox, C.G., 1994, Bathymetry of the west-central slope of the island of Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2269, 1 Plate: 29.95 x 40.82 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2269.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 29.95 x 40.82 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":490327,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5890.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":183762,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf2269.jpg"},{"id":284468,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2269/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"150000","projection":"Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -156.8,19.2 ], [ -156.8,20.0 ], [ -155.9,20.0 ], [ -155.9,19.2 ], [ -156.8,19.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4ef6e4b0b290850f269b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chadwick, William W.","contributorId":77042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chadwick","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":261465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, James G. 0000-0002-7543-2401 jmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7543-2401","contributorId":2892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"James","email":"jmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":261464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fox, Christopher G.","contributorId":86257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":261466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":85482,"text":"85482 - 1994 - Sources and fates of mercury and methylmercury in Wisconsin lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:21","indexId":"85482","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Sources and fates of mercury and methylmercury in Wisconsin lakes","docAbstract":"Abstract not submitted to date","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mercury pollution: integration and synthesis","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Lewis Publishers","publisherLocation":"Boca Raton, FL","usgsCitation":"Watras, C., Bloom, N., Hudson, R., Gherini, S., Munson, R., Claas, S., Morrison, K., Hurley, J., and Wiener, J., 1994, Sources and fates of mercury and methylmercury in Wisconsin lakes, chap. of Mercury pollution: integration and synthesis, 153-177.","productDescription":"153-177","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201145,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e7719","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Watras, C.J.","contributorId":13917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watras","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504513,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huckabee, J.W.","contributorId":113349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huckabee","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504514,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Watras, C.J.","contributorId":13917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watras","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bloom, N.S.","contributorId":59906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bloom","given":"N.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hudson, R.J.M.","contributorId":79594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"R.J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gherini, S.","contributorId":32648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gherini","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Munson, R.","contributorId":60354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munson","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Claas, S.A.","contributorId":41937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Claas","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Morrison, K.A.","contributorId":105411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hurley, J.","contributorId":19126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurley","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wiener, J.G.","contributorId":44107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiener","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70016962,"text":"70016962 - 1994 - Direct observation of frictional contacts: New insights for state-dependent properties","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:53","indexId":"70016962","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3209,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Direct observation of frictional contacts: New insights for state-dependent properties","docAbstract":"Rocks and many other materials display a rather complicated, but characteristic, dependence of friction on sliding history. These effects are well-described by empirical rate- and state-dependent constitutive formulations which have been utilized for analysis of fault slip and earthquake processes. We present a procedure for direct quantitative microscopic observation of frictional contacts during slip. The observations reveal that frictional state dependence represents an increase of contact area with contact age. Transient changes of sliding resistance correlate with changes in contact area and arise from shifts of contact population age. Displacement-dependent replacement of contact populations is shown to cause the diagnostic evolution of friction over a characteristic sliding distance that occurs whenever slip begins or sliding conditions change. ?? 1994 Birkha??user Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Birkha??user-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00874332","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Dieterich, J.H., and Kilgore, B., 1994, Direct observation of frictional contacts: New insights for state-dependent properties: Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH, v. 143, no. 1-3, p. 283-302, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00874332.","startPage":"283","endPage":"302","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205509,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00874332"},{"id":224568,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"143","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a01b0e4b0c8380cd4fcfa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dieterich, James H.","contributorId":81614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dieterich","given":"James","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kilgore, B.D.","contributorId":85728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilgore","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}