{"pageNumber":"3996","pageRowStart":"99875","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184938,"records":[{"id":60690,"text":"mf2275 - 1994 - Revised correlation chart of coal beds, coal zones, and key stratigraphic units in the Pennsylvanian rocks of eastern Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-25T08:09:44","indexId":"mf2275","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2275","title":"Revised correlation chart of coal beds, coal zones, and key stratigraphic units in the Pennsylvanian rocks of eastern Kentucky","docAbstract":"This report revises Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-1188 (Rice and Smith, 1980). Major revisions to the original correlation chart include formal naming of key marine units in Kentucky and replacement of informally named marine units incorrectly projected into Kentucky from adjacent states. Also included in the report is the proper correlation of some regionally recognized coal bed names that have been incorrectly projected into Kentucky, particularly from Ohio and West Virginia. Besides these additions and corrections, minor changes have been made to the correlation chart, all of which are discussed below in detail. The Pennsylvania rocks of the eastern Kentucky coal field underlie an area of about 27,000 square kilometers (see index map). Largely because of the size and stratigra[hic complexity of the area, Huddle and others (1963, p. 31) divided the coal field into six coal-reserve districts. District boundaries utilize state and county line as well as geologic features, drainage areas, and coal producing areas. Their division is followed herein because, in general, each of the districts has a characteristic stratigraphic nomenclature, particularly with regard to coal bed names. The six districts are the Princess, Licking River, Big Sandy, Hazard, Southwestern, and Upper Cumberland River district is divided into the Middlesboro and Harlan subdistricts. The correlation chart lists most of the stratigraphic units of Pennsylvanian age used in eastern Kentucky, and is concerned principally with coal bed names used in publications since about 1950, especially all of the names of coal beds for which resources and reserves have been calculated. Coal constitutes only a small percentage of the total Pennsylvanian-rock sequence, but is present in as many as 26 major coal zones that have been prospected and mined extensively in all parts of the coal field since the early 1900's. Coal names listed in this chart represent coal beds that have been mined commercially or used locally by residents of the area. Not every coal bed listed under a district in the chart is found in all parts of that district, nor has every coal bed been given a name. For the sake of saving space, coal beds commonly identified as a \"rider\" coal bed (commonly a minor coal or split above the main bed) or as a \"marker\" coal bed (a minor coal below the main bed) are not included in the chart because they do not contribute to the overall stratigraphic framework of the coal field. Most of the stratigraphic units listed in the correlation chart are defined and described in detail in almost 200 geologic reports of the Geologic Quadrangle (GQ) Map Series of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). These maps were published as a result of the cooperative geological mapping program of the USGS and the Kentucky Geological Survey; which was begun in 1960 and was completed in 1978. The GQ maps, at a scale of 1:24,000, describe the lithology and local stratigraphy and identify many coal beds by noth local and regional names. Other sources of stratigraphic information and coal bed names used in the construction of the chart include USGS bulletins dealing with the coal resources of single 7.5-minute quadrangles (Englund, 1955; Adkinson, 1957; Welch, 1958; Bergin, 1962). The coal resources of eastern Kentucky as a whole have been described by Huddle and others (1963) and detailed reports on the stratigraphy and coal resources of significant areas in eastern Kentucky have been made by Huddle and Englund (1966) and Englund (1968). An additional source of coal bed names is the SEAMS database, which is jointly sponsored by the University of Kentucky Center for Applied Energy Research, the Kentucky Geological Survey, and the Kentucky Department of Mines and Minerals. The SEAMS database identifies the stratigraphic position and location of all coal beds in the eastern and the western Kentucky coal fields as well as those of bordering areas in adjacent states. The databases includes references to all coal-bed names used in Kentucky, especially those shown on coal company mine maps. Local names of coal beds in the database file that are not generally used in publications are listed in table 1 together with their regional equivalents.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf2275","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Commonwealth of Kentucky, University of Kentucky, Kentucky Geological Survey, Donald C. Haney, Director and State Geologist","usgsCitation":"Rice, C., and Hiett, J.K., 1994, Revised correlation chart of coal beds, coal zones, and key stratigraphic units in the Pennsylvanian rocks of eastern Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2275, 1 Plate: 41.63 x 39.40 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2275.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 41.63 x 39.40 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":182800,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf2275.jpg"},{"id":284469,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2275/plate-1.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.823611,36.576389 ], [ -83.823611,38.708333 ], [ -82.333333,38.708333 ], [ -82.333333,36.576389 ], [ -83.823611,36.576389 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd70f1e4b0b290851075e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rice, Charles L.","contributorId":61801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Charles L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hiett, John K.","contributorId":39648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hiett","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70182641,"text":"70182641 - 1994 - Use of boreal forested wetlands by Pacific loons (<i>Gavia pacifica</i> Lawrence) and horned grebes (<i>Podiceps auritus</i> L.): Relations with limnological characteristics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-27T13:54:06","indexId":"70182641","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5305,"text":"Developments in Hydrobiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"title":"Use of boreal forested wetlands by Pacific loons (<i>Gavia pacifica</i> Lawrence) and horned grebes (<i>Podiceps auritus</i> L.): Relations with limnological characteristics","docAbstract":"<p><span>Our objective was to determine if the occurrence and abundance of Pacific loons (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Gavia pacifica</i><span> Lawrence) and horned grebes (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Podiceps auritus</i><span> L.) on 123 wetlands of Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge in east central Alaska were related to the limnological characteristics of those wetlands. Aquatic bird-wetland use surveys were conducted in conjunction with limnological sampling from May through September 1985–87 and May through August 1989. Results from logistic regression analysis demonstrated a significant association between the probability of wetland use by Pacific loons and shoreline length, water color, calcium and total phosphorus. Wetland use by horned grebes was related to shoreline length, pH, and chlorophyll. Aquatic bird abundance was then used as a Poisson response variable and modeled as a function of wetland limnological characteristics. Our results indicate that Pacific loon abundance was adequately modeled by linear and quadratic functions of shoreline length, color, pH, calcium and total phosphorus. Horned grebe abundance could not be modeled with this approach. The statistical techniques known collectively as generalized linear models provided a framework for the development of models for aquatic bird use of wetlands. Our results, however, indicate that while this approach shows promise, a better understanding of how to model aquatic bird abundance is needed. We then identify problems in model development and suggest avenues for future research.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Developments in Hydrobiology: Aquatic birds in the trophic web of lakes: Proceedings of a symposium held in Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada, in August 1991","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"conferenceDate":"August 1991","conferenceLocation":"Sackville, NB","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-94-011-1128-7_17","isbn":"978-94-010-4493-6","usgsCitation":"Heglund, P., Jones, J., Fredrickson, L., and Kaiser, M., 1994, Use of boreal forested wetlands by Pacific loons (<i>Gavia pacifica</i> Lawrence) and horned grebes (<i>Podiceps auritus</i> L.): Relations with limnological characteristics, chap. <i>of</i> Developments in Hydrobiology: Aquatic birds in the trophic web of lakes: Proceedings of a symposium held in Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada, in August 1991: Developments in Hydrobiology, p. 171-183, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1128-7_17.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"171","endPage":"183","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336235,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -150,\n              65.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -142.5,\n              65.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -142.5,\n              67.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -150,\n              67.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -150,\n              65.75\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b15445e4b01ccd54fc5ee7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heglund, P.J.","contributorId":44505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heglund","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":672552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, J.R.","contributorId":15967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":672553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fredrickson, L.H.","contributorId":91042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fredrickson","given":"L.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":672554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kaiser, M.S.","contributorId":37836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaiser","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":672555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70182197,"text":"70182197 - 1994 - Stream and floodplain restoration in a riparian ecosystem disturbed by placer mining","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-19T18:21:42","indexId":"70182197","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1454,"text":"Ecological Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stream and floodplain restoration in a riparian ecosystem disturbed by placer mining","docAbstract":"<p><span>Techniques for the hydrologic restoration of placer-mined streams and floodplains were developed in Denali National Park and Preserve Alaska, USA. The hydrologic study focused on a design of stream and floodplain geometry using hydraulic capacity and shear stress equations. Slope and sinuosity values were based on regional relationships. Design requirements include a channel capacity for a 1.5-year (bankfull) discharge and a floodplain capacity for a 1.5- to 100-year discharge. Concern for potential damage to the project from annual flooding before natural revegetation occurs led to development of alder (</span><i>Alnus crispa</i><span>) brush bars to dissipate floodwater energy and encourage sediment deposition. The brush bars, constructed of alder bundles tied together and anchored laterally adjacent to the channel, were installed on the floodplain in several configurations to test their effectiveness. A moderate flood near the end of the two-year construction phase of the project provided data on channel design, stability, floodplain erosion, and brush bar effectiveness. The brush bars provided substantial protection, but unconsolidated bank material and a lack of bed armour for a new channel segment led to some bank erosion, slope changes and an increase in sinuosity in several reaches of the study area.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0925-8574(94)90041-8","usgsCitation":"Karle, K.F., and Densmore, R.V., 1994, Stream and floodplain restoration in a riparian ecosystem disturbed by placer mining: Ecological Engineering, v. 3, no. 2, p. 121-133, https://doi.org/10.1016/0925-8574(94)90041-8.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"121","endPage":"133","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335853,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Denali National Park and Preserve, Glen Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -150.7866668701172,\n              63.51779683618753\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.7866668701172,\n              63.58\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.6778335571289,\n              63.58\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.6778335571289,\n              63.51779683618753\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.7866668701172,\n              63.51779683618753\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ac0e34e4b0ce4410e7d620","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karle, Kenneth F.","contributorId":37461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karle","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Densmore, Roseann V.","contributorId":24022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"Roseann","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1003919,"text":"1003919 - 1994 - Horvitz-Thompson survey sample methods for estimating large-scale animal abundance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:58","indexId":"1003919","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3638,"text":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Horvitz-Thompson survey sample methods for estimating large-scale animal abundance","docAbstract":"Large-scale surveys to estimate animal abundance can be useful for monitoring population status and trends, for measuring responses to management or environmental alterations, and for testing ecological hypotheses about abundance. However, large-scale surveys may be expensive and logistically complex. To ensure resources are not wasted on unattainable targets, the goals and uses of each survey should be specified carefully and alternative methods for addressing these objectives always should be considered. During survey design, the impoflance of each survey error component (spatial design, propofiion of detected animals, precision in detection) should be considered carefully to produce a complete statistically based survey.\r\nFailure to address these three survey components may produce population estimates that are inaccurate (biased low), have unrealistic precision (too precise) and do not satisfactorily meet the survey objectives. Optimum survey design requires trade-offs in these sources of error relative to the costs of sampling plots and detecting animals on plots, considerations that are specific to the spatial logistics and survey methods. The Horvitz-Thompson estimators provide a comprehensive framework for considering all three survey components during the design and analysis of large-scale wildlife surveys. \r\nProblems of spatial and temporal (especially survey to survey) heterogeneity in detection probabilities have received little consideration, but failure to account for heterogeneity produces biased population estimates. The goal of producing unbiased\r\npopulation estimates is in conflict with the increased variation from heterogeneous detection in the population estimate. One solution to this conflict is to use an MSE-based approach to achieve a balance between bias reduction and increased variation. Further research is needed to develop methods that address spatial heterogeneity in detection, evaluate the effects of temporal heterogeneity on survey objectives and optimize decisions related to survey bias and variance.\r\nFinally, managers and researchers involved in the survey design process must realize that obtaining the best survey results requires an interactive and recursive process of survey design, execution, analysis and redesign. Survey refinements will be possible as further knowledge is gained on the actual abundance and distribution of the population and on the most efficient techniques for detection animals.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Samuel, M., and Garton, E., 1994, Horvitz-Thompson survey sample methods for estimating large-scale animal abundance: Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference, v. 59, p. 170-179.","productDescription":"p. 170-179","startPage":"170","endPage":"179","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":135713,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688107","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Samuel, M.D.","contributorId":13910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samuel","given":"M.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garton, E.O.","contributorId":17945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garton","given":"E.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":4926,"text":"ds6rel2 - 1994 - Stratigraphic nomenclature databases for the United States, its possessions and territories","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:44","indexId":"ds6rel2","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"6","title":"Stratigraphic nomenclature databases for the United States, its possessions and territories","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"The Survey :For sale by the Books and Open-File Reports Section],","doi":"10.3133/ds6rel2","issn":"1088-1018","usgsCitation":"MacLachlan, M.E., Murdock, C.R., and Hubert, M.L., 1994, Stratigraphic nomenclature databases for the United States, its possessions and territories (Release 2): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 6, 1 computer laser optical disc :col. ;4 3/4 in.  Supercedes 1992 (Release 1) and superceded by 1996 (Release 3). , https://doi.org/10.3133/ds6rel2.","productDescription":"1 computer laser optical disc :col. ;4 3/4 in.  Supercedes 1992 (Release 1) and superceded by 1996 (Release 3). ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139578,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Release 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aebf0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacLachlan, M. E. (compiler)","contributorId":104483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacLachlan","given":"M.","suffix":"(compiler)","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murdock, Cynthia R.","contributorId":31754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murdock","given":"Cynthia","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hubert, Marilyn L.","contributorId":48168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"Marilyn","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":96808,"text":"96808 - 1994 - Diet and diet selection of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) in the northeast Mojave Desert","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:53","indexId":"96808","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":21,"text":"Thesis"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":28,"text":"Thesis"},"title":"Diet and diet selection of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) in the northeast Mojave Desert","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"Colorado State University","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Esque, T., 1994, Diet and diet selection of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) in the northeast Mojave Desert, 243 p.","productDescription":"243 p.","startPage":"243","numberOfPages":"243","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127382,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d899","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Esque, T. C. 0000-0002-4166-6234","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4166-6234","contributorId":76250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esque","given":"T. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":300310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70182171,"text":"70182171 - 1994 - The role of nutrient reserves for clutch formation by Northern Pintails in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-17T15:06:30","indexId":"70182171","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of nutrient reserves for clutch formation by Northern Pintails in Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>We analyzed carcass composition of female Northern Pintails (<i>Anas acuta</i>) in Alaska to assess the importance of nutrient reserves for formation of first clutches (n = 85) and renests (n = 39). Habitat (tundra vs. boreal forest), hen age (yearling vs. adult), and year (1990 vs. 1991) did not affect nutrient reserve use. During formation of first clutches, Northern Pintail hens relied on lipid reserves more than any other duck species that has been studied. For much of the nesting season, lipid reserves were used to meet costs beyond those incurred by clutch formation. Date of initiation of rapid follicle growth was related to lipid reserve dynamics; lipid reserves at initiation and the rate of lipid use both declined through the season. Protein reserves declined slightly with commitment of protein to the clutch and with date of initiation of rapid follicle growth. Use of mineral reserves for first nests was negligible. Renesting females did not use nutrient reserves. Lipid reserve levels were positively related to the amount of lipid reserves needed to complete the clutch and clutch sizes predicted from a lipid dynamics model were consistent with known clutch sizes. Similar relationships did not exist for protein. We suggest that lipid reserve levels affect timing of nesting and proximately limit clutch size of Northern Pintails.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/1369325","usgsCitation":"Esler, D., and Grand, J.B., 1994, The role of nutrient reserves for clutch formation by Northern Pintails in Alaska: The Condor, v. 96, no. 2, p. 422-432, https://doi.org/10.2307/1369325.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"422","endPage":"432","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335822,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge, Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge","volume":"96","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a819b8e4b025c46429afd3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Esler, Daniel 0000-0001-5501-4555 desler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-4555","contributorId":5465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esler","given":"Daniel","email":"desler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grand, J. Barry 0000-0002-3576-4567 barry_grand@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3576-4567","contributorId":579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.","email":"barry_grand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Barry","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70182210,"text":"70182210 - 1994 - Hybrid zone studies: An interdisciplinary approach for the analysis of evolutionary processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T11:55:06","indexId":"70182210","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hybrid zone studies: An interdisciplinary approach for the analysis of evolutionary processes","docAbstract":"<p>There has been considerable debate in the ecological and evolutionary literature over the relative importance and rate by which microevolutionary processes operating at the population level result in separation and differentiation of lineages and populations, and ultimately in speciation. Our understanding of evolutionary processes have need greatly enhances through the study of hybridization and hybrid zones. Indeed, hybrid zones have been described as “natural laboratories” (Barton, N. H., and G .M. Hewitt, 189. Adaptation, speciation, and hybrid zones. Nature 341:497-503) or as “windows on the evolutionary processes” (Harrison, R. G. 1990. Hybrid zones: windows on the evolutionary process. Oxford Surveys in Evolutionary Biology 7:69-128). Hybrid zones greatly facilitate analyses of evolutionary dynamics because differences in factors such as mating preference, fertility, and viability are likely to be magnified, making the consequences easier to document over short periods of time.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/1939445","usgsCitation":"Scribner, K.T., 1994, Hybrid zone studies: An interdisciplinary approach for the analysis of evolutionary processes: Ecology, v. 79, no. 4, p. 1190-1191, https://doi.org/10.2307/1939445.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1190","endPage":"1191","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335875,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"4","publicComments":"This article is a review of <i>Hybrid Zones and the Evolutionary Process</i> by G. Harrison Richard","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ad5ff0e4b01ccd54f8b585","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scribner, Kim T.","contributorId":146113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scribner","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":16582,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife and Department of Zoology, 480 Wilson Rd. 13 Natural Resources Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":669993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":60680,"text":"mf2266 - 1994 - Logs of trenches across the central part of the Fish Lake Valley fault zone, Mono County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-10T20:09:32.415768","indexId":"mf2266","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2266","title":"Logs of trenches across the central part of the Fish Lake Valley fault zone, Mono County, California","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf2266","isbn":"0607822341","usgsCitation":"Reheis, M., 1994, Logs of trenches across the central part of the Fish Lake Valley fault zone, Mono County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2266, Report: 20 p.; 1 Plate: 55.50 x 37.50 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2266.","productDescription":"Report: 20 p.; 1 Plate: 55.50 x 37.50 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":182827,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1994/2266/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":88847,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1994/2266/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":88848,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1994/2266/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":490325,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5888.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"4000","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Mono County","otherGeospatial":"Fish Lake Valley fault zone","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.25,37.25 ], [ -118.25,38 ], [ -117.75,38 ], [ -117.75,37.25 ], [ -118.25,37.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6be4b07f02db63d77f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reheis, M.C. 0000-0002-8359-323X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8359-323X","contributorId":36128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reheis","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":96791,"text":"96791 - 1994 - Distribution and breeding activity of the least Bell's vireo at the San Diego River, 1992-1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:54","indexId":"96791","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Distribution and breeding activity of the least Bell's vireo at the San Diego River, 1992-1993","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Kus, B., 1994, Distribution and breeding activity of the least Bell's vireo at the San Diego River, 1992-1993, 23 p.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"23","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127443,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db649fe0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kus, B.E.","contributorId":99492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kus","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":300287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70184244,"text":"70184244 - 1994 - Blood sampling in juvenile buff-breasted sandpipers: Movement, weight change and survival","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-03T15:32:25","indexId":"70184244","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Blood sampling in juvenile buff-breasted sandpipers: Movement, weight change and survival","docAbstract":"<p><span>The effect of blood sampling on juvenile Buff-breasted Sandpipers (<i>Tryngites subruficollis</i>) was evaluated by comparing movements, mass, and survival of 10 broods (37 chicks) that were bled and eight broods (31 chicks) that were not bled. Blood was sampled from the jugular vein of chicks when they weighed 9.1 ± 0.9 g (x̄ ± SD) on or within 1 d of hatch. Chicks showed few short-term negative effects from blood sampling. Individual chicks suffered little physical injury, and five of eight chicks where injury occurred (i.e., hematomas formed) survived to fledging. Furthermore, bled broods gained mass at a comparable rate during the first 5 d post-hatch, and were resighted at similar frequencies as broods that were not bled. Bled broods moved slightly longer distances than control broods 1 d after hatch, however. This increased activity may have been stress-induced, but was only temporary; bled and control broods made similar long-term movements, and the probability of resighting was similar at fledging. With the proper precautions, it appears that Buff-breasted Sandpiper young can be safely sampled for blood at an early age without causing undue harm.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","usgsCitation":"Lanctot, R.B., 1994, Blood sampling in juvenile buff-breasted sandpipers: Movement, weight change and survival: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 65, no. 4, p. 534-542.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"534","endPage":"542","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336831,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Prudhoe Bay","volume":"65","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ba8ebfe4b0bcef64f0b949","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lanctot, Richard B.","contributorId":31894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanctot","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":17786,"text":"Carleton University","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":7029,"text":"Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":680701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70182757,"text":"70182757 - 1994 - Using stable isotopes to determine seabird trophic relationships","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-28T10:12:15","indexId":"70182757","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2158,"text":"Journal of Animal Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using stable isotopes to determine seabird trophic relationships","docAbstract":"<p><span><strong>1.</strong> The stable isotopes of nitrogen (δ<sup>15</sup><span>N</span>) and carbon (δ<sup>13</sup>C) were analysed in 22 species of marine birds from coastal waters of the northeast Pacific Ocean. Analyses confirm that stable nitrogen isotopes can predict seabird trophic positions.</span></p><p><span><strong>2.</strong> Based on δ<sup>15</sup>N analyses, seabird trophic-level inferences generally agree with those of conventional dietary studies, but suggest that lower trophic-level organisms are more important to several seabirds than was recognized previously.</span></p><p><span><strong>3.</strong> Stable-carbon isotope analysis may be a good indicator of inshore vs. offshore feeding preference.</span></p><p><span><strong>4.</strong> In general, stable-isotope analysis to determine trophic level offers many advantages over conventional dietary approaches since trophic inferences are based on time-integrated estimates of assimilated and not just ingested foods, and isotopic abundance represents a continuous variable that is amenable to statistical analysis.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The British Ecological Society","doi":"10.2307/5256","usgsCitation":"Hobson, K., Piatt, J.F., and Pitocchelli, J., 1994, Using stable isotopes to determine seabird trophic relationships: Journal of Animal Ecology, v. 63, no. 4, p. 786-798, https://doi.org/10.2307/5256.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"786","endPage":"798","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336315,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, British Columbia","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -164.443359375,\n              47.57652571374621\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.46484375,\n              47.57652571374621\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.46484375,\n              61.270232790000634\n            ],\n            [\n              -164.443359375,\n              61.270232790000634\n            ],\n            [\n              -164.443359375,\n              47.57652571374621\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"63","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b69a44e4b01ccd54ff3fdc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hobson, Keith A.","contributorId":47306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hobson","given":"Keith A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pitocchelli, Jay","contributorId":28419,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pitocchelli","given":"Jay","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1008133,"text":"1008133 - 1994 - Breeding patterns and reproductive success of California sea otters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-06T15:49:40.712666","indexId":"1008133","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Breeding patterns and reproductive success of California sea otters","docAbstract":"<p>Following commercial exploitation in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, sea otter (<i>Enhydra lutris</i>) populations in Alaska, British Columbia, and Washington recovered at 17-20% a year, yet the California population increased at only 5% a year. This slow rate of increase is perplexing, given that unoccupied and apparently favorable habitats occur throughout the sea otter's California range, and higher growth rates occurred among northern sea otter populations. Better knowledge of the demography of the California population is important in understanding these disparate population growth rates. We studied the reproductive biology and behavior of 53 tagged female sea otters from 1985 to 1991 in Monterey Bay, California. During the study, 136 pups were born to these females. Observations of each female enabled us to determine exact or estimated pup birth dates, which we used to calculate lengths of gestation, pup dependency, and reproductive cycle. Seasonal trends in pupping, in the proportion of adult females with pups, and in pup separations from their mothers were relatively uniform throughout the year. The average interval between separation from pup and subsequent birth was 198 days, the interbirth interval was 407 days, and estimated birth rate was 0.90/year for all adult females. For females that pupped annually (did not lose undetected newborns), the average interbirth interval was 342 days, given an estimated birth rate of 1.07/year. Length of the reproductive cycle increased with increasing length of prior pup dependency. However, the interval between separation from pup and subsequent birth was delayed among females that prematurely lost their pups. The average length of dependency for pups that survived to weaning was 166 days, but ranged from 120 to 280 days. The maximum preweaning survival rate was 0.60-0.65, less than values measured or inferred for some Alaskan populations. Most pups that did not survive to weaning were lost within a month of birth. The probability of successfully weaning pups and the length of dependency increased (<i>P</i> = 0.077)&nbsp; with mothers' ages, thus indicating that reproductive success may increase among females with greater mothering experience. The high preweaning pup mortality we observed probably accounts for much of the relatively slow growth rate of the California sea otter population.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3809308","usgsCitation":"Riedman, M.L., Estes, J.A., Staedler, M.M., Giles, A.A., and Carlson, D.R., 1994, Breeding patterns and reproductive success of California sea otters: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 58, no. 3, p. 391-399, https://doi.org/10.2307/3809308.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"391","endPage":"399","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132516,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Monterey Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.10609399826899,\n              36.97023271761633\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.10609399826899,\n              36.59490298566752\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.78989896317114,\n              36.59490298566752\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.78989896317114,\n              36.97023271761633\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.10609399826899,\n              36.97023271761633\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"58","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb46f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riedman, Marianne L.","contributorId":89079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riedman","given":"Marianne","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Estes, James A. jim_estes@usgs.gov","contributorId":53325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"James","email":"jim_estes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":316837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Staedler, Michelle M. 0000-0002-1101-6580","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1101-6580","contributorId":213742,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Staedler","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6953,"text":"Monterey Bay Aquarium","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":316839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Giles, Alisa A.","contributorId":62559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giles","given":"Alisa","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Carlson, David R.","contributorId":89100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":44314,"text":"ofr94179N - 1994 - New Madrid 3","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:05","indexId":"ofr94179N","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-179","chapter":"N","title":"New Madrid 3","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr94179N","usgsCitation":"Prose, D.V., 1994, New Madrid 3: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-179, Videocassettes : col. ; 1/2 in. + 1 text ([4] leaves ; 28 cm.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94179N.","productDescription":"Videocassettes : col. ; 1/2 in. + 1 text ([4] leaves ; 28 cm.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":167864,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697b4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prose, Douglas V.","contributorId":72019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prose","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":33962,"text":"b2082 - 1994 - Geochemical survey of the Craig study area: Craig and Dixon Entrance quadrangles and the western edges of the Ketchikan and Prince Rupert quadrangles, southeast Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-21T19:25:06.441722","indexId":"b2082","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2082","title":"Geochemical survey of the Craig study area: Craig and Dixon Entrance quadrangles and the western edges of the Ketchikan and Prince Rupert quadrangles, southeast Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b2082","usgsCitation":"Cathrall, J.B., 1994, Geochemical survey of the Craig study area: Craig and Dixon Entrance quadrangles and the western edges of the Ketchikan and Prince Rupert quadrangles, southeast Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2082, Report: vi, 52 p.; 1 Plate: 50.33 × 31.49 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/b2082.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 52 p.; 1 Plate: 50.33 × 31.49 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":247452,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2082/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247451,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2082/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":251854,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2082/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":109827,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22379.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"22379"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Craig and Dixon Entrance quadrangles and the western edges of the Ketchikan and Prince Rupert quadrangles","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -131.5,\n              56\n            ],\n            [\n              -134.667,\n              56\n            ],\n            [\n              -134.667,\n              54.658\n            ],\n            [\n              -131.5,\n              54.658\n            ],\n            [\n              -131.5,\n              56\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b20e4b07f02db6abab9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cathrall, John B.","contributorId":26668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cathrall","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":212240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":20751,"text":"ofr94361 - 1994 - Bibliography of selected publications approved by the U.S. Geological Survey on the water resources of New Mexico, 1975-93","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:40","indexId":"ofr94361","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-361","title":"Bibliography of selected publications approved by the U.S. Geological Survey on the water resources of New Mexico, 1975-93","docAbstract":"This bibliography of about 500 references authored by U.S. Geological Survey employees has been compiled to assist in the study and development of water resources. The citations are dated from January 1975 to December 1993. Each citation is numbered and indexed by geographic location and discipline. Selected citations are indexed by physiographic province and basin, military, Indian, and other reservations, and topics of special hydrologic interest.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr94361","usgsCitation":"Sandoval, O., 1994, Bibliography of selected publications approved by the U.S. Geological Survey on the water resources of New Mexico, 1975-93: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-361, iii, 36 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94361.","productDescription":"iii, 36 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152394,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0361/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50307,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0361/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a62e4b07f02db636386","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sandoval, O.M.","contributorId":35759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandoval","given":"O.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":19596,"text":"ofr9456 - 1994 - Hydrologic data for the Big Spring basin, Clayton County, Iowa, water year 1991","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-18T11:55:06","indexId":"ofr9456","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-56","title":"Hydrologic data for the Big Spring basin, Clayton County, Iowa, water year 1991","docAbstract":"<p>Hydrologic data were collected in the Big Spring Basin located in Clayton County, Iowa, during the 1991 water year. The data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Geological Survey Bureau, to provide information on variation and movement of agricultural chemicals in the hydrologic cycle in the basin. Precipitation, surface-water, and ground-water data were collected.</p>\n<p>The largest amount of rainfall during water year 1991 (54.69 inches) was measured at the monitoring site on Unnamed Creek near Luana. The largest monthly rainfall (14.72 inches) occurred in June. Analyses of 39 rain samples indicated that calcium and sulfate were the predominant ions and that median concentrations of nitrate and ammonia as nitrogen were 0.36 and 0.49 mg/L (milligrams per liter), respectively.</p>\n<p>Stream discharge, specific conductance, pH, and water temperature were monitored continuously, and monthly water-quality samples were collected at a site on Roberts Creek and at Big Spring. Nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen concentrations in 27 samples from Roberts Creek at the point where it leaves the study area ranged from 1.8 to 22 mg/L. Herbicide concentrations in 26 samples from the Roberts Creek site ranged from less than 0.10 <span>&mu;</span>g/L (micrograms per liter) to 43 <span>&mu;</span>g/L. Alachlor was detected in 42 percent of the samples; atrazine in 92 percent; and cyanazine and metolachlor in 35 percent of the samples. The total suspended-sediment load discharged in Roberts Creek was about 160,000 tons. At Big Spring, the ground-water discharge point, the daily mean specific conductance ranged from 414 to 788 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius, the daily median pH ranged from 6.7 to 7.1, and the daily mean water temperature ranged from 8.5 to 13.0 degrees Celsius. Concentrations of nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen in 23 samples ranged from 4.2 to 17 mg/L. The total measured suspended-sediment discharged from Big Spring was about 17,000 tons. Alachlor was detected in 26 percent; atrazine in 100 percent; cyanazine in 26 percent, and metolachlor in 9 percent of the samples. The maximum atrazine concentration was 16 <span>&mu;</span>g/L.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Iowa City, IA","doi":"10.3133/ofr9456","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Iowa Department of Natural Resources (Geological Survey Bureau)","usgsCitation":"Kalkhoff, S., and Kuzniar, R., 1994, Hydrologic data for the Big Spring basin, Clayton County, Iowa, water year 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-56, vi, 87 p.: ill., maps; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9456.","productDescription":"vi, 87 p.: ill., maps; 28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":151971,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0056/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49064,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0056/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","county":"Clayton County","otherGeospatial":"Big Spring basin","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-91.604,43.0816],[-91.4892,43.0817],[-91.37,43.0807],[-91.2546,43.0802],[-91.1944,43.08],[-91.178,43.0798],[-91.1777,43.0732],[-91.1782,43.0655],[-91.1776,43.0584],[-91.1766,43.0506],[-91.1756,43.0415],[-91.1716,43.0291],[-91.1677,43.0192],[-91.1624,43.0071],[-91.1589,42.9989],[-91.1579,42.9966],[-91.1566,42.9934],[-91.1563,42.9894],[-91.1568,42.9839],[-91.1585,42.9784],[-91.1566,42.9747],[-91.1559,42.9739],[-91.152,42.9695],[-91.1506,42.9678],[-91.1464,42.9609],[-91.1455,42.9518],[-91.1457,42.9445],[-91.1454,42.9395],[-91.1453,42.9372],[-91.1438,42.9268],[-91.1445,42.9168],[-91.1444,42.9104],[-91.1411,42.905],[-91.1372,42.9007],[-91.1311,42.8965],[-91.1218,42.8927],[-91.1132,42.8885],[-91.1047,42.8824],[-91.0999,42.875],[-91.0995,42.874],[-91.0971,42.8678],[-91.0944,42.8596],[-91.0924,42.8542],[-91.0908,42.8498],[-91.089,42.8462],[-91.086,42.8443],[-91.0847,42.8437],[-91.0823,42.8424],[-91.0796,42.8398],[-91.0775,42.8373],[-91.0776,42.8339],[-91.0781,42.8294],[-91.078,42.8214],[-91.0776,42.8103],[-91.0763,42.8],[-91.0735,42.7913],[-91.0713,42.7826],[-91.0696,42.7771],[-91.0688,42.7736],[-91.0667,42.7698],[-91.0649,42.767],[-91.0629,42.7645],[-91.062,42.762],[-91.0621,42.7591],[-91.0634,42.7561],[-91.0639,42.7545],[-91.0638,42.754],[-91.0632,42.7523],[-91.0613,42.75],[-91.0587,42.7487],[-91.0582,42.7485],[-91.0563,42.7478],[-91.0549,42.746],[-91.0549,42.7446],[-91.0543,42.7428],[-91.0517,42.7397],[-91.0492,42.7383],[-91.0467,42.7379],[-91.0447,42.7376],[-91.0417,42.7375],[-91.0392,42.7375],[-91.0354,42.7371],[-91.0323,42.7358],[-91.0305,42.7341],[-91.03,42.7314],[-91.0301,42.7291],[-91.0283,42.7263],[-91.0264,42.7249],[-91.0259,42.7245],[-91.0226,42.7227],[-91.0182,42.7205],[-91.0075,42.7161],[-90.998,42.7121],[-90.9903,42.7074],[-90.9841,42.7036],[-90.98,42.6995],[-90.9734,42.6956],[-90.9677,42.6929],[-90.9601,42.6898],[-90.9542,42.6872],[-90.9482,42.6858],[-90.9413,42.685],[-90.9382,42.685],[-90.9332,42.6856],[-90.9276,42.6856],[-90.9226,42.6843],[-90.9169,42.6821],[-90.9108,42.68],[-90.9065,42.6785],[-90.8985,42.6761],[-90.896,42.6753],[-90.8962,42.6697],[-90.8978,42.6447],[-91.0181,42.6452],[-91.1334,42.6451],[-91.2519,42.6445],[-91.3691,42.6437],[-91.4876,42.6442],[-91.606,42.6437],[-91.6055,42.731],[-91.605,42.8169],[-91.6045,42.9056],[-91.6046,42.9915],[-91.604,43.0816]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Clayton\",\"state\":\"IA\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f5c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kalkhoff, S. J.","contributorId":28967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkhoff","given":"S. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuzniar, R.L.","contributorId":44558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuzniar","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":44361,"text":"ofr9414B - 1994 - Principal facts for gravity data in the Bethel and Russian Mission 1 degree x 3 degrees quadrangles, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-15T16:57:28.573479","indexId":"ofr9414B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-14","chapter":"B","title":"Principal facts for gravity data in the Bethel and Russian Mission 1 degree x 3 degrees quadrangles, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9414B","collaboration":"The USGS does not provide technical support for the software associated with this publication.","usgsCitation":"Morin, R.L., 1994, Principal facts for gravity data in the Bethel and Russian Mission 1 degree x 3 degrees quadrangles, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-14, 1 CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9414B.","productDescription":"1 CD-ROM","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":168049,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":432790,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0014-a/ofr9414A,B.zip","text":"CD-ROM ofr9414A,B","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -129.7635812346696,\n              72.81739131372794\n            ],\n            [\n              -181.46886449635872,\n              72.81739131372794\n            ],\n            [\n              -181.46886449635872,\n              51.45431066869793\n            ],\n            [\n              -129.7635812346696,\n              51.45431066869793\n            ],\n            [\n              -129.7635812346696,\n              72.81739131372794\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db668cf6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morin, Robert L.","contributorId":82671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":44351,"text":"ofr94179M - 1994 - New Madrid 2","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:31","indexId":"ofr94179M","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-179","chapter":"M","title":"New Madrid 2","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr94179M","usgsCitation":"Prose, D.V., 1994, New Madrid 2: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-179, Videocassettes : col. ; 1/2 in. + 1 text ([4] leaves ; 28 cm.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94179M.","productDescription":"Videocassettes : col. ; 1/2 in. + 1 text ([4] leaves ; 28 cm.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":172352,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a29b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prose, Douglas V.","contributorId":72019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prose","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":44350,"text":"ofr94179L - 1994 - New Madrid 1","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:31","indexId":"ofr94179L","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-179","chapter":"L","title":"New Madrid 1","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr94179L","usgsCitation":"Prose, D.V., 1994, New Madrid 1: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-179, Videocassettes : col. ; 1/2 in. + 1 text ([4] leaves ; 28 cm.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94179L.","productDescription":"Videocassettes : col. ; 1/2 in. + 1 text ([4] leaves ; 28 cm.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":172351,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db6978c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prose, Douglas V.","contributorId":72019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prose","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":44362,"text":"ofr9480 - 1994 - Potentiometric surfaces of the intermediate aquifer system, west-central Florida, September, 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-26T18:10:59.055003","indexId":"ofr9480","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-80","title":"Potentiometric surfaces of the intermediate aquifer system, west-central Florida, September, 1993","docAbstract":"A map of the September 1993 potentiometric surface of the intermediate aquifer system in west- central Florida depicts water levels for the annual high water-level period. Water levels measured in September 1993 were generally below those reported for September 1992. In 134 wells with paired measurements, the September 1993 level ranged from 4.86 feet below to 5.91 feet above the September 1992 level and averaged 0.59 foot below the September 1992 level.  The general decline in water levels during this period was largely the result of below normal rainfall and above average seasonal ground-water withdrawals.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9480","usgsCitation":"Mularoni, R.A., 1994, Potentiometric surfaces of the intermediate aquifer system, west-central Florida, September, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-80, 1 Plate: 25.00 × 33.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9480.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 25.00 × 33.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":168050,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":21529,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0080/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":407337,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12451.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"500000","projection":"Universal transverse Mercator","country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -84,\n              26.5        \n            ],\n            [\n              -81,\n              26.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -81,\n              29.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -84,\n              29.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -84,\n              26.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad3e4b07f02db682210","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mularoni, R. A.","contributorId":76713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mularoni","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":44347,"text":"ofr94179I - 1994 - Northridge earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:31","indexId":"ofr94179I","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-179","chapter":"I","title":"Northridge earthquake","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr94179I","usgsCitation":"Prose, D.V., 1994, Northridge earthquake: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-179, Videocassettes : col. ; 1/2 in. + 1 text ([4] leaves ; 28 cm.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94179I.","productDescription":"Videocassettes : col. ; 1/2 in. + 1 text ([4] leaves ; 28 cm.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":173778,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696c1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prose, Douglas V.","contributorId":72019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prose","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1003468,"text":"1003468 - 1994 - Salinity and temperature effects on chronic toxicity of 2,4-dinitrophenol and 4-nitrophenol to sheepshead minnows (<i>Cyprinodon variegatus</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-09T14:55:51.192695","indexId":"1003468","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Salinity and temperature effects on chronic toxicity of 2,4-dinitrophenol and 4-nitrophenol to sheepshead minnows (<i>Cyprinodon variegatus</i>)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Toxicity tests (28-d early-life-stage) were conducted to determine the effects of nine combinations of salinity (15, 20, 25 ppt) and temperature (22, 27, 32°C) on the toxicity of 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) and 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to sheepshead minnows (</span><i>Cyprinodon variegatus</i><span>). The highest tested concentration having no observed effect (NOEC) on mortality and growth was derived weekly. The NOECs at test termination indicated that the survival and growth of fish exposed to 2,4-dinitrophenol were not significantly affected by salinity, temperature, or the salinity temperature interaction. However, 28-d NOECs of fish surviving from 4-nitrophenol exposures were significantly affected by temperature, but the highest value exceeded the lowest by only a factor of two. The overall data suggest that variations of salinity and temperature do not change the NOEC; only the exposure time required to attain the same NOEC is altered.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620130112","usgsCitation":"Linton, T., Mayer, F., Simon, T., Malone, J., and Marking, L.L., 1994, Salinity and temperature effects on chronic toxicity of 2,4-dinitrophenol and 4-nitrophenol to sheepshead minnows (<i>Cyprinodon variegatus</i>): Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 13, no. 1, p. 85-92, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620130112.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"92","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134382,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdfad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Linton, T.K.","contributorId":81865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linton","given":"T.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mayer, F.L.","contributorId":79418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayer","given":"F.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simon, T.L.","contributorId":74728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Malone, J.A.","contributorId":55398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malone","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Marking, L. L.","contributorId":90661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marking","given":"L.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":44345,"text":"ofr94179G - 1994 - Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:31","indexId":"ofr94179G","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-179","chapter":"G","title":"Hawaii","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr94179G","usgsCitation":"Prose, D.V., 1994, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-179, Videocassettes : col. ; 1/2 in. + 1 text ([4] leaves ; 28 cm.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94179G.","productDescription":"Videocassettes : col. ; 1/2 in. + 1 text ([4] leaves ; 28 cm.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":173776,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af4e4b07f02db6921f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prose, Douglas V.","contributorId":72019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prose","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":44344,"text":"ofr94179F - 1994 - Mendocino Seismic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:31","indexId":"ofr94179F","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-179","chapter":"F","title":"Mendocino Seismic","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr94179F","usgsCitation":"Prose, D.V., 1994, Mendocino Seismic: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-179, Videocassettes : col. ; 1/2 in. + 1 text ([4] leaves ; 28 cm.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94179F.","productDescription":"Videocassettes : col. ; 1/2 in. + 1 text ([4] leaves ; 28 cm.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":173775,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ce4b07f02db61414a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prose, Douglas V.","contributorId":72019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prose","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}