{"pageNumber":"4","pageRowStart":"75","pageSize":"25","recordCount":560,"records":[{"id":70138541,"text":"70138541 - 2014 - Estimating the volcanic emission rate and atmospheric lifetime of SO<sub>2</sub> from space: a case study for Kīlauea volcano, Hawai'i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T13:46:09","indexId":"70138541","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":922,"text":"Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating the volcanic emission rate and atmospheric lifetime of SO<sub>2</sub> from space: a case study for Kīlauea volcano, Hawai'i","docAbstract":"<p><span>We present an analysis of SO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;column densities derived from GOME-2 satellite measurements for the Kīlauea volcano (Hawai`i) for 2007&ndash;2012. During a period of enhanced degassing activity in March&ndash;November 2008, monthly mean SO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;emission rates and effective SO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;lifetimes are determined simultaneously from the observed downwind plume evolution and meteorological wind fields, without further model input. Kīlauea is particularly suited for quantitative investigations from satellite observations owing to the absence of interfering sources, the clearly defined downwind plumes caused by steady trade winds, and generally low cloud fractions. For March&ndash;November 2008, the effective SO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;lifetime is 1&ndash;2 days, and Kīlauea SO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;emission rates are 9&ndash;21 kt day</span><sup>&minus;1</sup><span>, which is about 3 times higher than initially reported from ground-based monitoring systems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/acp-14-8309-2014","usgsCitation":"Beirle, S., Hormann, C., Penning de Vries, M., Dorner, S., Kern, C., and Wagner, T., 2014, Estimating the volcanic emission rate and atmospheric lifetime of SO<sub>2</sub> from space: a case study for Kīlauea volcano, Hawai'i: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, v. 14, p. 8309-8322, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-8309-2014.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"8309","endPage":"8322","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049545","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472612,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-8309-2014","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":297384,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.3111457824707,\n              19.37933243547929\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.3111457824707,\n              19.45056843698827\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.23029327392578,\n              19.45056843698827\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.23029327392578,\n              19.37933243547929\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.3111457824707,\n              19.37933243547929\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"14","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a73e4b08de9379b306b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beirle, Steffen","contributorId":138808,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beirle","given":"Steffen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12534,"text":"Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hormann, Christoph","contributorId":138809,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hormann","given":"Christoph","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12535,"text":"Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, and Univ. Heidelberg, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Penning de Vries, Malouse","contributorId":138810,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Penning de Vries","given":"Malouse","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12534,"text":"Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dorner, Stefan","contributorId":138811,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dorner","given":"Stefan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12534,"text":"Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kern, Christoph 0000-0002-8920-5701 ckern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8920-5701","contributorId":3387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kern","given":"Christoph","email":"ckern@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wagner, Thomas","contributorId":138812,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wagner","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12534,"text":"Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70115388,"text":"sir20145124 - 2014 - The June-July 2007 collapse and refilling of Puʻu ʻŌʻō Crater, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-13T09:07:48","indexId":"sir20145124","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-04T15:13:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5124","title":"The June-July 2007 collapse and refilling of Puʻu ʻŌʻō Crater, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi","docAbstract":"<p>Episode 57 of Kīlauea&rsquo;s long-lived east rift zone eruption was characterized by lava effusion and spattering within the crater at Puʻu ʻŌʻō that lasted from July 1 to July 20, 2007. This eruptive episode represented a resumption of activity following a 12-day eruptive hiatus on Kīlauea associated with the episode 56 intrusion and eruption near Kāne Nui o Hamo cone, uprift from Puʻu ʻŌʻō, on June 17&ndash;19, 2007. The withdrawal of magma from beneath Puʻu ʻŌʻō led to the collapse of Puʻu ʻŌʻō&rsquo;s crater floor, forming a concave depression ~85 m deep. After the hiatus, episode 57 lava began to erupt from two vents within Puʻu ʻŌʻō, quickly constructing a lava lake and filling the crater to within 5 m of the precollapse lava level (25 m of the pre-collapse crater floor). Starting July 8, effusion waned as the crater floor began to rise. As uplift progressed, new vents opened along a circumferential fracture that accommodated the displacement. The bulk volume of filling within the Puʻu ʻŌʻō crater and flank pits during episode 57, including both surficial lava accumulation and endogenous growth, is estimated at 1.3&times;106 m<sup>3</sup>. This volume equates to a time-averaged dense rock equivalent accumulation rate of 0.6 m3 s<sup>-1</sup>, which is an order of magnitude less than the supply rate to the volcano at that time, suggesting that most of the magma entering the volcano was being stored. Eruptive activity in Puʻu ʻŌʻō ended late on July 20, and the floor of the crater began to subside rapidly. Shortly afterward, early on July 21, a new fissure eruption started on the northeast flank of Puʻu ʻŌʻō, marking the onset of episode 58. The June&ndash;July 2007 collapse and refilling of the Puʻu ʻŌʻō crater, culminating in a new breakout outside of Puʻu ʻŌʻō, illustrates the response of a long-lived eruptive center in Kīlauea&rsquo;s East Rift Zone to an uprift intrusion. Variations of this pattern occurred several times at Puʻu ʻŌʻō before 2007 and have occurred again since. Recognition of this pattern has improved the monitoring capability of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory and will aid in future eruption response efforts.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145124","usgsCitation":"Orr, T., 2014, The June-July 2007 collapse and refilling of Puʻu ʻŌʻō Crater, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5124, iii, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145124.","productDescription":"iii, 15 p.","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045495","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293426,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145124.jpg"},{"id":293424,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5124/"},{"id":293425,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5124/pdf/sir2014-5124.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155.333333,19.25 ], [ -155.333333,19.416667 ], [ -154.916667,19.416667 ], [ -154.916667,19.25 ], [ -155.333333,19.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542a66bbe4b01535cb4272e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Orr, Tim R.","contributorId":86859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orr","given":"Tim R.","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":495619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70123185,"text":"70123185 - 2014 - Interagency collaboration on an active volcano: A case study at Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-11T13:59:49","indexId":"70123185","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-01T13:23:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3561,"text":"The George Wright Forum","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interagency collaboration on an active volcano: A case study at Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park","docAbstract":"<p>Hawai&lsquo;i Volcanoes National Park (HAVO) includes two active Hawai&lsquo;i shield volcanoes &ndash; Mauna Loa, the largest active volcano on earth that most recently erupted for three weeks in 1984, and Kīlauea, which has been erupting continuously for more than 31 years. Unlike the steep-sided volcanoes around the rim of the Pacific Ocean, all Hawaiian volcanoes have gentle-sloped flanks that result from copious eruptions of fluid lavas with infrequent interludes of explosive activity. Each of the Hawaiian volcanoes erupts from its summit area &ndash; Kīlauea and Mauna Loa both have summit calderas (large subsided craters)&mdash;and from one or more rift zones (a sequence of vents aligned radially away from the summit).</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>Because Kilauea and Mauna Loa are included within the National Park, there is a natural intersection of missions for the National Park Service (NPS) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). HAVO staff and the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory scientists have worked closely together to monitor and forecast multiple eruptions from each of these volcanoes since HAVO&rsquo;s founding in 1916.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"George Wright Society","usgsCitation":"Kauahikaua, J.P., and Orlando, C., 2014, Interagency collaboration on an active volcano: A case study at Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park: The George Wright Forum, v. 31, no. 2, p. 149-156.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"156","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055301","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294850,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293307,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.georgewright.org/node/9643"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Hawaii Volcanoes National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.69412231445312,\n              19.16332988930459\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.006103515625,\n              19.16332988930459\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.006103515625,\n              19.553319796635336\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.69412231445312,\n              19.553319796635336\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.69412231445312,\n              19.16332988930459\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542e6966e4b092f17df5a8e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kauahikaua, James P. 0000-0003-3777-503X jimk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3777-503X","contributorId":2146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauahikaua","given":"James","email":"jimk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Orlando, Cindy","contributorId":32842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orlando","given":"Cindy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70120181,"text":"70120181 - 2014 - Time-averaged discharge rate of subaerial lava at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, measured from TanDEM-X interferometry: Implications for magma supply and storage during 2011-2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-13T15:06:08","indexId":"70120181","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-01T08:51:24","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Time-averaged discharge rate of subaerial lava at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, measured from TanDEM-X interferometry: Implications for magma supply and storage during 2011-2013","docAbstract":"<p>Differencing digital elevation models (DEMs) derived from TerraSAR add-on for Digital Elevation Measurements (TanDEM-X) synthetic aperture radar imagery provides a measurement of elevation change over time. On the East Rift Zone (EZR) of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai&lsquo;i, the effusion of lava causes changes in topography. When these elevation changes are summed over the area of an active lava flow, it is possible to quantify the volume of lava emplaced at the surface during the time spanned by the TanDEM-X data&mdash;a parameter that can be difficult to measure across the entirety of an ~100&thinsp;km<sup>2</sup> lava flow field using ground-based techniques or optical remote sensing data. Based on the differences between multiple TanDEM-X-derived DEMs collected days to weeks apart, the mean dense-rock equivalent time-averaged discharge rate of lava at Kīlauea between mid-2011 and mid-2013 was approximately 2&thinsp;m<sup>3</sup>/s, which is about half the long-term average rate over the course of Kīlauea's 1983&ndash;present ERZ eruption. This result implies that there was an increase in the proportion of lava stored versus erupted, a decrease in the rate of magma supply to the volcano, or some combination of both during this time period. In addition to constraining the time-averaged discharge rate of lava and the rates of magma supply and storage, topographic change maps derived from space-based TanDEM-X data provide insights into the four-dimensional evolution of Kīlauea's ERZ lava flow field. TanDEM-X data are a valuable complement to other space-, air-, and ground-based observations of eruptive activity at Kīlauea and offer great promise at locations around the world for aiding with monitoring not just volcanic eruptions but any hazardous activity that results in surface change, including landslides, floods, earthquakes, and other natural and anthropogenic processes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Richmond, VA","doi":"10.1002/2014JB011132","usgsCitation":"Poland, M., 2014, Time-averaged discharge rate of subaerial lava at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, measured from TanDEM-X interferometry: Implications for magma supply and storage during 2011-2013: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 119, no. 7, p. 5464-5481, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011132.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"5464","endPage":"5481","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055642","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292052,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155.303007,19.410477 ], [ -155.303007,19.431523 ], [ -155.270993,19.431523 ], [ -155.270993,19.410477 ], [ -155.303007,19.410477 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"119","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ec7bd4e4b02bf5a76740c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael P.","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":497965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70170508,"text":"70170508 - 2014 - Three-dimensional seismic velocity structure of Mauna Loa and Kilauea volcanoes in Hawaii from local seismic tomography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-13T15:38:49","indexId":"70170508","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-30T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Three-dimensional seismic velocity structure of Mauna Loa and Kilauea volcanoes in Hawaii from local seismic tomography","docAbstract":"<p><span>We present a new three-dimensional seismic velocity model of the crustal and upper mantle structure for Mauna Loa and Kilauea volcanoes in Hawaii. Our model is derived from the first-arrival times of the compressional and shear waves from about 53,000 events on and near the Island of Hawaii between 1992 and 2009 recorded by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory stations. The&nbsp;</span><i>V</i><sub><span><i>p</i></span></sub><span>&nbsp;model generally agrees with previous studies, showing high-velocity anomalies near the calderas and rift zones and low-velocity anomalies in the fault systems. The most significant difference from previous models is in&nbsp;</span><i>V</i><sub><span><i>p</i></span></sub><span>/</span><i>V</i><sub><span><i>s</i></span></sub><span>&nbsp;structure. The high-</span><i>V</i><sub><span><i>p</i></span></sub><span>&nbsp;and high-</span><i>V</i><sub><span><i>p</i></span></sub><span>/</span><i>V</i><sub><span><i>s</i></span></sub><span>&nbsp;anomalies below Mauna Loa caldera are interpreted as mafic magmatic cumulates. The observed low-</span><i>V</i><sub><span><i>p&nbsp;</i></span></sub><span>and high-</span><i>V</i><sub><span><i>p</i></span></sub><span>/</span><i>V</i><sub><span><i>s</i></span></sub><span>&nbsp;bodies in the Kaoiki seismic zone between 5 and 15 km depth are attributed to the underlying volcaniclastic sediments. The high-</span><i>V</i><sub><span><i>p</i></span></sub><span>&nbsp;and moderate- to low-</span><i>V</i><sub><span><i>p</i></span></sub><span>/</span><i>V</i><sub><span><i>s</i></span></sub><span>&nbsp;anomalies beneath Kilauea caldera can be explained by a combination of different mafic compositions, likely to be olivine-rich gabbro and dunite. The systematically low-</span><i>V</i><sub><span><i>p</i></span></sub><span>&nbsp;and low-</span><i>V</i><sub><span><i>p</i></span></sub><span>/</span><i>V</i><sub><span><i>s</i></span></sub><span>&nbsp;bodies in the southeast flank of Kilauea may be caused by the presence of volatiles. Another difference between this study and previous ones is the improved&nbsp;</span><i>V</i><sub><span><i>p</i></span></sub><span>&nbsp;model resolution in deeper layers, owing to the inclusion of events with large epicentral distances. The new velocity model is used to relocate the seismicity of Mauna Loa and Kilauea for improved absolute locations and ultimately to develop a high-precision earthquake catalog using waveform cross-correlation data.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2013JB010820","usgsCitation":"Lin, G., Shearer, P., Matoza, R.S., Okubo, P.G., and Amelung, F., 2014, Three-dimensional seismic velocity structure of Mauna Loa and Kilauea volcanoes in Hawaii from local seismic tomography: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 119, no. 5, p. 4377-4392, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JB010820.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"4377","endPage":"4392","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055205","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472977,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/02000169","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":320500,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","county":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-155.8799,20.2589],[-155.8389,20.2672],[-155.7974,20.2483],[-155.7717,20.2467],[-155.7307,20.217],[-155.7276,20.2014],[-155.6597,20.1689],[-155.5966,20.1224],[-155.5519,20.1275],[-155.4406,20.0928],[-155.2746,20.0165],[-155.2142,19.9761],[-155.1417,19.9175],[-155.0839,19.8533],[-155.0923,19.8101],[-155.0842,19.7247],[-155.0378,19.74],[-155.0008,19.735],[-154.9786,19.69],[-154.98,19.6376],[-154.9483,19.6236],[-154.9444,19.6025],[-154.9053,19.5706],[-154.8211,19.5322],[-154.8058,19.5161],[-154.8183,19.4997],[-154.8194,19.4794],[-154.8362,19.46],[-154.8895,19.4144],[-154.9283,19.3947],[-154.9725,19.3489],[-155.0705,19.3112],[-155.1543,19.2657],[-155.2084,19.2564],[-155.2631,19.2709],[-155.2968,19.2616],[-155.3566,19.2069],[-155.4154,19.1838],[-155.4543,19.1464],[-155.5053,19.1312],[-155.5528,19.0803],[-155.5531,19.0467],[-155.5772,19.0208],[-155.6017,18.9683],[-155.6183,18.9692],[-155.6386,18.935],[-155.6771,18.9105],[-155.6886,18.9394],[-155.7159,18.9606],[-155.7587,18.9769],[-155.7975,19.0094],[-155.8508,19.0189],[-155.8817,19.0358],[-155.8844,19.0525],[-155.9067,19.0786],[-155.9186,19.1344],[-155.8994,19.2111],[-155.8864,19.3433],[-155.9106,19.3961],[-155.9061,19.4131],[-155.9292,19.4589],[-155.9194,19.4728],[-155.9503,19.4858],[-155.9774,19.6064],[-155.9944,19.6375],[-156.0308,19.6515],[-156.0269,19.6731],[-156.0601,19.7255],[-156.0503,19.7744],[-156.0394,19.7878],[-155.9739,19.8481],[-155.9242,19.8558],[-155.9017,19.9056],[-155.8872,19.9144],[-155.8895,19.93],[-155.8544,19.9669],[-155.8356,19.9739],[-155.828,19.9894],[-155.8231,20.0228],[-155.8839,20.1058],[-155.9004,20.1635],[-155.8994,20.2281],[-155.8799,20.2589]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Hawaii\",\"state\":\"HI\"}}]}","volume":"119","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"571f3fe5e4b071321fe56a87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lin, Guoqing","contributorId":168856,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lin","given":"Guoqing","affiliations":[{"id":5112,"text":"University of Miami","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shearer, Peter M.","contributorId":78946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shearer","given":"Peter M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Matoza, Robin S.","contributorId":54873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matoza","given":"Robin","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Okubo, Paul G. 0000-0002-0381-6051 pokubo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0381-6051","contributorId":2730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"Paul","email":"pokubo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":627495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Amelung, Falk","contributorId":124563,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amelung","given":"Falk","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5112,"text":"University of Miami","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70103410,"text":"ofr20141090 - 2014 - Electron microprobe analyses of glasses from Kīlauea tephra units, Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T08:31:19","indexId":"ofr20141090","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-28T13:29:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1090","title":"Electron microprobe analyses of glasses from Kīlauea tephra units, Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"This report presents approximately 2,100 glass analyses from three tephra units of Kīlauea Volcano: the Keanakākoʻi Tephra, the Kulanaokuaiki Tephra, and the Pāhala Ash. It also includes some new analyses obtained as part of a re-evaluation of the MgO contents of glasses in two of the three original datasets; this re-evaluation was conducted to improve the consistency of glass MgO contents among the three datasets. The glass data are a principal focus of Helz and others (in press), which will appear in the AGU Monograph Hawaiian Volcanoes—From Source to Surface. The report is intended to support this publication, in addition to making the data available to the scientific community.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141090","issn":"2331-1258","usgsCitation":"Helz, R.L., Clague, D.A., Mastin, L.G., and Rose, T.R., 2014, Electron microprobe analyses of glasses from Kīlauea tephra units, Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1090, Report: iv, 24 p.; Appendix A: XLS; Appendix B: 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141090.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 24 p.; Appendix A: XLS; Appendix B: 10 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-050845","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287683,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141090.jpg"},{"id":287681,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1090/appendixes/of2014-1090_tables.xls"},{"id":287682,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1090/appendixes/of2014-1090_tableB1.pdf"},{"id":287680,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1090/"},{"id":287795,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1090/pdf/of2014-1090.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155.303007,19.410477 ], [ -155.303007,19.431523 ], [ -155.270993,19.431523 ], [ -155.270993,19.410477 ], [ -155.303007,19.410477 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5386f750e4b0aa26cd7b536e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helz, Rosalind L. 0000-0003-1550-0684 rhelz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1550-0684","contributorId":1952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helz","given":"Rosalind","email":"rhelz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clague, David A.","contributorId":77105,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clague","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mastin, Larry G. 0000-0002-4795-1992 lgmastin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4795-1992","contributorId":555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastin","given":"Larry","email":"lgmastin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rose, Timothy R.","contributorId":31275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70174838,"text":"70174838 - 2014 - Tracking changes in volcanic systems with seismic Interferometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-18T14:16:46","indexId":"70174838","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Tracking changes in volcanic systems with seismic Interferometry","docAbstract":"<p>The detection and evaluation of time-dependent changes at volcanoes form the foundation upon which successful volcano monitoring is built. Temporal changes at volcanoes occur over all time scales and may be obvious (e.g., earthquake swarms) or subtle (e.g., a slow, steady increase in the level of tremor). Some of the most challenging types of time-dependent change to detect are subtle variations in material properties beneath active volcanoes. Although difficult to measure, such changes carry important information about stresses and fluids present within hydrothermal and magmatic systems. These changes are imprinted on seismic waves that propagate through volcanoes. In recent years, there has been a quantum leap in the ability to detect subtle structural changes systematically at volcanoes with seismic waves. The new methodology is based on the idea that useful seismic signals can be generated &ldquo;at will&rdquo; from seismic noise. This means signals can be measured any time, in contrast to the often irregular and unpredictable times of earthquakes. With seismic noise in the frequency band 0.1&ndash;1 Hz arising from the interaction of the ocean with the solid Earth known as microseisms, researchers have demonstrated that cross-correlations of passive seismic recordings between pairs of seismometers yield coherent signals (Campillo and Paul 2003; Shapiro and Campillo 2004). Based on this principle, coherent signals have been reconstructed from noise recordings in such diverse fields as helioseismology (Rickett and Claerbout 2000), ultrasound (Weaver and Lobkis 2001), ocean acoustic waves (Roux and Kuperman 2004), regional (Shapiro et al. 2005; Sabra et al. 2005; Bensen et al. 2007) and exploration (Draganov et al. 2007) seismology, atmospheric infrasound (Haney 2009), and studies of the cryosphere (Marsan et al. 2012). Initial applications of ambient seismic noise were to regional surface wave tomography (Shapiro et al. 2005). Brenguier et al. (2007) were the first to use ambient noise tomography (ANT) to map the 3D structure of a volcanic interior (at Piton de la Fournaise). Subsequent studies have imaged volcanoes with ANT at Okmok (Masterlark et al. 2010), Toba (Stankiewicz et al. 2010), Katmai (Thurber et al. 2012), Asama (Nagaoka et al. 2012), Uturuncu (Jay et al. 2012), and Kilauea (Ballmer et al. 2013b). In addition, Ma et al. (2013) have imaged a scatterer in the volcanic region of southern Peru by applying array techniques to ambient noise correlations. Prior to and in tandem with the development of ANT, researchers discovered that repeating earthquakes, which often occur at volcanoes, could be used to monitor subtle time-dependent changes with a technique known as the doublet method or coda wave interferometry (CWI) (Poupinet et al. 1984; Roberts et al. 1992; Ratdomopurbo and Poupinet 1995; Snieder et al. 2002; Pandolfi et al. 2006; Wegler et al. 2006; Martini et al. 2009; Haney et al. 2009; De Angelis 2009; Nagaoka et al. 2010; Battaglia et al. 2012; Erdem and Waite 2005; Hotovec-Ellis et al. 2014). Chaput et al. (2012) have also used scattered waves from Strombolian eruption coda at Erebus volcano to image the reflectivity of the volcanic interior with body wave interferometry. However, CWI in its original form was limited in that repeating earthquakes, or doublets, were not always guaranteed to occur. With the widespread use of noise correlations in seismology following the groundbreaking work by Campillo and Paul (2003) and Shapiro et al. (2005), it became evident that the nature of the ambient seismic field, due to its oceanic origin, enabled the continuous monitoring of subtle, time-dependent changes at both fault zones (Wegler and Sens-Sch&ouml;nfelder 2007; Brenguier et al. 2008b; Wegler et al. 2009; Sawazaki et al. 2009; Tatagi et al. 2012) and volcanoes (Sens-Sch&ouml;nfelder and Wegler 2006; Brenguier et al. 2008a) without the need for repeating earthquakes. Seismic precursors to eruptions based on ambient noise we</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-36197-5_50-1","isbn":"978-3-642-36197-5 (Online)","usgsCitation":"Haney, M.M., Alicia J. Hotovec-Ellis, Bennington, N.L., De Angelis, S., and Clifford Thurber, 2014, Tracking changes in volcanic systems with seismic Interferometry, chap. <i>of</i> Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36197-5_50-1.","productDescription":"23 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056318","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325378,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"578dfdbae4b0f1bea0e0f902","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haney, Matthew M. 0000-0003-3317-7884 mhaney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3317-7884","contributorId":172948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haney","given":"Matthew","email":"mhaney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alicia J. Hotovec-Ellis","contributorId":172949,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alicia J. Hotovec-Ellis","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bennington, Ninfa L.","contributorId":172950,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bennington","given":"Ninfa","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"De Angelis, Silvio","contributorId":172951,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"De Angelis","given":"Silvio","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16977,"text":"University of Liverpool","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clifford Thurber","contributorId":172952,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clifford Thurber","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70170604,"text":"70170604 - 2014 - Seismic evidence for a crustal magma reservoir beneath the upper east rift zone of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-12T11:11:13","indexId":"70170604","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic evidence for a crustal magma reservoir beneath the upper east rift zone of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p><span>An anomalous body with low Vp (compressional wave velocity), low Vs (shear wave velocity), and high Vp/Vs anomalies is observed at 8&ndash;11 km depth beneath the upper east rift zone of Kilauea volcano in Hawaii by simultaneous inversion of seismic velocity structure and earthquake locations. We interpret this body to be a crustal magma reservoir beneath the volcanic pile, similar to those widely recognized beneath mid-ocean ridge volcanoes. Combined seismic velocity and petrophysical models suggest the presence of 10% melt in a cumulate magma mush. This reservoir could have supplied the magma that intruded into the deep section of the east rift zone and caused its rapid expansion following the 1975 M7.2 Kalapana earthquake.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G35001.1","usgsCitation":"Lin, G., Amelung, F., Lavallee, Y., and Okubo, P.G., 2014, Seismic evidence for a crustal magma reservoir beneath the upper east rift zone of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii: Geology, v. 42, no. 3, p. 187-190, https://doi.org/10.1130/G35001.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"190","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052137","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320635,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.31646728515625,\n              19.263507501734075\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.03562927246094,\n              19.263507501734075\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.03562927246094,\n              19.46432633709043\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.31646728515625,\n              19.46432633709043\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.31646728515625,\n              19.263507501734075\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57233433e4b0b13d39148cf9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lin, Guoqing","contributorId":168856,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lin","given":"Guoqing","affiliations":[{"id":5112,"text":"University of Miami","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Amelung, Falk","contributorId":124563,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amelung","given":"Falk","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5112,"text":"University of Miami","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lavallee, Yan","contributorId":168955,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lavallee","given":"Yan","affiliations":[{"id":16977,"text":"University of Liverpool","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Okubo, Paul G. 0000-0002-0381-6051 pokubo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0381-6051","contributorId":2730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"Paul","email":"pokubo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":627825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70118277,"text":"70118277 - 2013 - Discerning crystal growth from diffusion profiles in zoned olivine by <i>in situ</i> Mg–Fe isotopic analyses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-28T11:13:27","indexId":"70118277","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-15T11:06:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Discerning crystal growth from diffusion profiles in zoned olivine by <i>in situ</i> Mg–Fe isotopic analyses","docAbstract":"Mineral zoning is used in diffusion-based geospeedometry to determine magmatic timescales. Progress in this field has been hampered by the challenge to discern mineral zoning produced by diffusion from concentration gradients inherited from crystal growth. A zoned olivine phenocryst from Kilauea Iki lava lake (Hawaii) was selected for this study to evaluate the potential of Mg and Fe isotopes for distinguishing these two processes. Microdrilling of the phenocryst (∼300 μm drill holes) followed by MC-ICPMS analysis of the powders revealed negatively coupled Mg and Fe isotopic fractionations (δ<sup>26</sup>Mg from +0.1‰ to −0.2‰ and δ<sup>56</sup>Fe from −1.2‰ to −0.2‰ from core to rim), which can only be explained by Mg–Fe exchange between melt and olivine. The data can be explained with ratios of diffusivities of Mg and Fe isotopes in olivine scaling as D<sub>2</sub>/D<sub>1</sub> = (m<sub>1</sub>/m<sub>2</sub>)β with β<sub>Mg</sub> ∼0.16 and β<sub>Fe</sub> ∼0.27. LA-MC-ICPMS and MC-SIMS Fe isotopic measurements are developed and are demonstrated to yield accurate δ<sup>56</sup>Fe measurements within precisions of ∼0.2‰ (1 SD) at spatial resolutions of ∼50 μm. δ<sup>56</sup>Fe and δ<sup>26</sup>Mg stay constant with Fo# in the rim (late-stage overgrowth), whereas in the core (original phenocryst) δ<sup>56</sup>Fe steeply trends toward lighter compositions and δ<sup>26</sup>Mg trends toward heavier compositions with higher Fo#. A plot of δ<sup>56</sup>Fe vs. Fo# immediately distinguishes growth-controlled from diffusion-controlled zoning in these two regions. The results are consistent with the idea that large isotopic fractionation accompanies chemical diffusion in crystals, whereas fractional crystallization induces little or no isotopic fractionation. The cooling timescale inferred from the chemical-isotope zoning profiles is consistent with the documented cooling history of the lava lake. In the absence of geologic context, in situ stable isotopic measurements may now be used to interpret the nature of mineral zoning. Stable isotope measurements by LA-MC-ICPMS and MC-SIMS can be used as standard petrologic tools to identify samples for diffusion-based geospeedometry.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geochemical Society","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2013.06.008","usgsCitation":"Sio, C.K., Dauphas, N., Teng, F., Chaussidon, M., Helz, R., and Roskosz, M., 2013, Discerning crystal growth from diffusion profiles in zoned olivine by <i>in situ</i> Mg–Fe isotopic analyses: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 123, p. 302-321, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2013.06.008.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"302","endPage":"321","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291139,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291138,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2013.06.008"}],"volume":"123","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f1e7e4b0bc0bec0a008a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sio, Corliss Kin I.","contributorId":26634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sio","given":"Corliss","email":"","middleInitial":"Kin I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dauphas, Nicolas","contributorId":67430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dauphas","given":"Nicolas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Teng, Fang-Zhen","contributorId":87075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teng","given":"Fang-Zhen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chaussidon, Marc","contributorId":99486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaussidon","given":"Marc","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Helz, Rosalind T. 0000-0003-1550-0684","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1550-0684","contributorId":66181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helz","given":"Rosalind T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Roskosz, Mathieu","contributorId":72317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roskosz","given":"Mathieu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70094357,"text":"70094357 - 2013 - Moderate-magnitude earthquakes induced by magma reservoir inflation at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-30T08:41:54","indexId":"70094357","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-01T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Moderate-magnitude earthquakes induced by magma reservoir inflation at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i","docAbstract":"Although volcano-tectonic (VT) earthquakes often occur in response to magma intrusion, it is rare for them to have magnitudes larger than ~<i>M</i>4. On 24 May 2007, two shallow <i>M</i>4+ earthquakes occurred beneath the upper part of the east rift zone of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i. An integrated analysis of geodetic, seismic, and field data, together with Coulomb stress modeling, demonstrates that the earthquakes occurred due to strike-slip motion on pre-existing faults that bound Kīlauea Caldera to the southeast and that the pressurization of Kīlauea's summit magma system may have been sufficient to promote faulting. For the first time, we infer a plausible origin to generate rare moderate-magnitude VTs at Kīlauea by reactivation of suitably oriented pre-existing caldera-bounding faults. Rare moderate- to large-magnitude VTs at Kīlauea and other volcanoes can therefore result from reactivation of existing fault planes due to stresses induced by magmatic processes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/2013GL058082","usgsCitation":"Wauthier, C., Roman, D., and Poland, M., 2013, Moderate-magnitude earthquakes induced by magma reservoir inflation at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 20, no. 40, p. 5366-5370, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL058082.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"5366","endPage":"5370","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-049148","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473511,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2013gl058082","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":282519,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":282518,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013GL058082"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155.29,19.30 ], [ -155.29,19.42 ], [ -155.18,19.42 ], [ -155.18,19.30 ], [ -155.29,19.30 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"20","issue":"40","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-10-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd67f6e4b0b29085101baa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wauthier, Christelle","contributorId":81011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wauthier","given":"Christelle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roman, Diana C.","contributorId":59710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roman","given":"Diana C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael P.","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":490584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70047947,"text":"70047947 - 2013 - Continuous gravity measurements reveal a low-density lava lake at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-30T12:39:36","indexId":"70047947","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-03T10:03:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Continuous gravity measurements reveal a low-density lava lake at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i","docAbstract":"On 5 March 2011, the lava lake within the summit eruptive vent at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, began to drain as magma withdrew to feed a dike intrusion and fissure eruption on the volcanoʼs east rift zone. The draining was monitored by a variety of continuous geological and geophysical measurements, including deformation, thermal and visual imagery, and gravity. Over the first ∼14 hours of the draining, the ground near the eruptive vent subsided by about 0.15 m, gravity dropped by more than 100 μGal, and the lava lake retreated by over 120 m. We used GPS data to correct the gravity signal for the effects of subsurface mass loss and vertical deformation in order to isolate the change in gravity due to draining of the lava lake alone. Using a model of the eruptive vent geometry based on visual observations and the lava level over time determined from thermal camera data, we calculated the best-fit lava density to the observed gravity decrease — to our knowledge, the first geophysical determination of the density of a lava lake anywhere in the world. Our result, 950 +/- 300 kg m<sup>-3</sup>, suggests a lava density less than that of water and indicates that Kīlaueaʼs lava lake is gas-rich, which can explain why rockfalls that impact the lake trigger small explosions. Knowledge of such a fundamental material property as density is also critical to investigations of lava-lake convection and degassing and can inform calculations of pressure change in the subsurface magma plumbing system.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2013.06.024","usgsCitation":"Carbone, D., Poland, M., Patrick, M.R., and Orr, T., 2013, Continuous gravity measurements reveal a low-density lava lake at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 376, no. 15 August, p. 178-185, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2013.06.024.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"178","endPage":"185","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-048829","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277225,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2013.06.024"},{"id":277228,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155.295439,19.388239 ], [ -155.295439,19.426125 ], [ -155.242481,19.426125 ], [ -155.242481,19.388239 ], [ -155.295439,19.388239 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"376","issue":"15 August","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5226f6dfe4b01904cf5a8143","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carbone, Daniele","contributorId":38458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carbone","given":"Daniele","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael P.","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":483362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Patrick, Matthew R. 0000-0002-8042-6639 mpatrick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8042-6639","contributorId":2070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patrick","given":"Matthew","email":"mpatrick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Orr, Tim R. torr@usgs.gov","contributorId":3766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orr","given":"Tim R.","email":"torr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70048054,"text":"70048054 - 2013 - Melts of garnet lherzolite: experiments, models and comparison to melts of pyroxenite and carbonated lherzolite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-10T10:00:24","indexId":"70048054","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-01T09:52:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Melts of garnet lherzolite: experiments, models and comparison to melts of pyroxenite and carbonated lherzolite","docAbstract":"Phase equilibrium experiments on a compositionally modified olivine leucitite from the Tibetan plateau have been carried out from 2.2 to 2.8 GPa and 1,380–1,480 °C. The experiments-produced liquids multiply saturated with spinel and garnet lherzolite phase assemblages (olivine, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene and spinel ± garnet) under nominally anhydrous conditions. These SiO<sub>2</sub>-undersaturated liquids and published experimental data are utilized to develop a predictive model for garnet lherzolite melting of compositionally variable mantle under anhydrous conditions over the pressure range of 1.9–6 GPa. The model estimates the major element compositions of garnet-saturated melts for a range of mantle lherzolite compositions and predicts the conditions of the spinel to garnet lherzolite phase transition for natural peridotite compositions at above-solidus temperatures and pressures. We compare our predicted garnet lherzolite melts to those of pyroxenite and carbonated lherzolite and develop criteria for distinguishing among melts of these different source types. We also use the model in conjunction with a published predictive model for plagioclase and spinel lherzolite to characterize the differences in major element composition for melts in the plagioclase, spinel and garnet facies and develop tests to distinguish between melts of these three lherzolite facies based on major elements. The model is applied to understand the source materials and conditions of melting for high-K lavas erupted in the Tibetan plateau, basanite–nephelinite lavas erupted early in the evolution of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, as well as younger tholeiitic to alkali lavas from Kilauea.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00410-013-0899-9","usgsCitation":"Grove, T., Holbig, E.S., Barr, J.A., Till, C.B., and Krawczynski, M., 2013, Melts of garnet lherzolite: experiments, models and comparison to melts of pyroxenite and carbonated lherzolite: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 166, no. 3, p. 887-910, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-013-0899-9.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"887","endPage":"910","numberOfPages":"24","ipdsId":"IP-046062","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473573,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/103411","text":"External Repository"},{"id":277442,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":277412,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00410-013-0899-9"}],"volume":"166","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52303f64e4b04b8e63a2064b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grove, Timothy L.","contributorId":68546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grove","given":"Timothy L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holbig, Eva S.","contributorId":62511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holbig","given":"Eva","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barr, Jay A.","contributorId":95371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barr","given":"Jay","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Till, Christy B. cbtill@usgs.gov","contributorId":4394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Till","given":"Christy","email":"cbtill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":483670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krawczynski, Michael J.","contributorId":75425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krawczynski","given":"Michael J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70047755,"text":"70047755 - 2013 - Seismic detection of increased degassing before Kīlauea's 2008 summit explosion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-22T09:50:10","indexId":"70047755","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-22T09:43:26","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2842,"text":"Nature Communications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic detection of increased degassing before Kīlauea's 2008 summit explosion","docAbstract":"The 2008 explosion that started a new eruption at the summit of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, was not preceded by a dramatic increase in earthquakes nor inflation, but was associated with increases in SO<sub>2</sub> emissions and seismic tremor. Here we perform shear wave splitting analysis on local earthquakes spanning the onset of the eruption. Shear wave splitting measures seismic anisotropy and is traditionally used to infer changes in crustal stress over time. We show that shear wave splitting may also vary due to changes in volcanic degassing. The orientation of fast shear waves at Kīlauea is usually controlled by structure, but in 2008 showed changes with increased SO<sub>2</sub> emissions preceding the start of the summit eruption. This interpretation for changing anisotropy is supported by corresponding decreases in V<sub>p</sub>/V<sub>s<sub> ratio. Our result demonstrates a novel method for detecting changes in gas flux using seismic observations and provides a new tool for monitoring under-instrumented volcanoes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature Communications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/ncomms2703","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.H., and Poland, M., 2013, Seismic detection of increased degassing before Kīlauea's 2008 summit explosion: Nature Communications, v. 4, Article number 1668, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms2703.","productDescription":"Article number 1668","ipdsId":"IP-042373","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473593,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms2703","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":276883,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":276879,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms2703"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155.323951,19.377839 ], [ -155.323951,19.447759 ], [ -155.217641,19.447759 ], [ -155.217641,19.377839 ], [ -155.323951,19.377839 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"521724dde4b043bae8d2e5b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Jessica H. jessjohnson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Jessica","email":"jessjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael P.","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":482896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70118578,"text":"70118578 - 2013 - Modeling volcano growth on the Island of Hawaii: Deep-water perspectives","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-06T00:40:02.381038","indexId":"70118578","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-14T13:02:10","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling volcano growth on the Island of Hawaii: Deep-water perspectives","docAbstract":"Recent ocean-bottom geophysical surveys, dredging, and dives, which complement surface data and scientific drilling at the Island of Hawaii, document that evolutionary stages during volcano growth are more diverse than previously described. Based on combining available composition, isotopic age, and geologically constrained volume data for each of the component volcanoes, this overview provides the first integrated models for overall growth of any Hawaiian island. In contrast to prior morphologic models for volcano evolution (preshield, shield, postshield), growth increasingly can be tracked by age and volume (magma supply), defining waxing alkalic, sustained tholeiitic, and waning alkalic stages. Data and estimates for individual volcanoes are used to model changing magma supply during successive compositional stages, to place limits on volcano life spans, and to interpret composite assembly of the island. Volcano volumes vary by an order of magnitude; peak magma supply also varies sizably among edifices but is challenging to quantify because of uncertainty about volcano life spans. Three alternative models are compared: (1) near-constant volcano propagation, (2) near-equal volcano durations, (3) high peak-tholeiite magma supply. These models define inconsistencies with prior geodynamic models, indicate that composite growth at Hawaii peaked ca. 800–400 ka, and demonstrate a lower current rate. Recent age determinations for Kilauea and Kohala define a volcano propagation rate of 8.6 cm/yr that yields plausible inception ages for other volcanoes of the Kea trend. In contrast, a similar propagation rate for the less-constrained Loa trend would require inception of Loihi Seamount in the future and ages that become implausibly large for the older volcanoes. An alternative rate of 10.6 cm/yr for Loa-trend volcanoes is reasonably consistent with ages and volcano spacing, but younger Loa volcanoes are offset from the Kea trend in age-distance plots. Variable magma flux at the Island of Hawaii, and longer-term growth of the Hawaiian chain as discrete islands rather than a continuous ridge, may record pulsed magma flow in the hotspot/plume source.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES00935.1","usgsCitation":"Lipman, P.W., and Calvert, A.T., 2013, Modeling volcano growth on the Island of Hawaii: Deep-water perspectives: Geosphere, v. 9, no. 5, p. 1348-1383, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00935.1.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"1348","endPage":"1383","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473597,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges00935.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":291318,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.55679321289062,\n              20.128155311797183\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.58425903320312,\n              20.117839630491634\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.64056396484375,\n              20.153941536577403\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.65841674804688,\n              20.168122145270342\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.68862915039062,\n              20.179723502765153\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.73394775390625,\n              20.204212422008773\n           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acalvert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2218","contributorId":2694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calvert","given":"Andrew","email":"acalvert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70046824,"text":"70046824 - 2013 - TerraSAR-X interferometry reveals small-scale deformation associated with the summit eruption of Kilauea Volcano, Hawai‘i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-30T08:58:34","indexId":"70046824","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-26T15:17:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"TerraSAR-X interferometry reveals small-scale deformation associated with the summit eruption of Kilauea Volcano, Hawai‘i","docAbstract":"On 19 March 2008, a small explosive eruption at the summit of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, heralded the formation of a new vent along the east wall of Halema‘uma‘u Crater. In the ensuing years, the vent widened due to collapses of the unstable rim and conduit wall; some collapses impacted an actively circulating lava pond and resulted in small explosive events. We used synthetic aperture radar data collected by the TerraSAR-X satellite, a joint venture between the German Aerospace Center (DLR) and EADS Astrium, to identify and analyze small-scale surface deformation around the new vent during 2008-2012. Lidar data were used to construct a digital elevation model to correct for topographic phase, allowing us to generate differential interferograms with a spatial resolution of about 3 m in Kīlauea's summit area. These interferograms reveal subsidence within about 100 m of the rim of the vent. Small baseline subset time series analysis suggests that the subsidence rate is not constant and, over time, may provide an indication of vent stability and potential for rim and wall collapse -- information with obvious hazard implications. The deformation is not currently detectable by other space- or ground-based techniques.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/grl.50286","usgsCitation":"Richter, N., Poland, M., and Lundgren, P.R., 2013, TerraSAR-X interferometry reveals small-scale deformation associated with the summit eruption of Kilauea Volcano, Hawai‘i: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 40, no. 7, p. 1279-1283, https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50286.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1279","endPage":"1283","numberOfPages":"5","ipdsId":"IP-042377","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275474,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275473,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/grl.50286"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155.5,19.166667 ], [ -155.5,19.5 ], [ -154.833333,19.5 ], [ -154.833333,19.166667 ], [ -155.5,19.166667 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"40","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f38c5fe4b0a32220222f47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richter, Nichole","contributorId":40495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richter","given":"Nichole","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael P.","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":480369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lundgren, Paul R.","contributorId":68199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lundgren","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70047173,"text":"70047173 - 2013 - Applying UV cameras for SO<sub>2</sub> detection to distant or optically thick volcanic plumes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-23T15:23:06","indexId":"70047173","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-23T15:18:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Applying UV cameras for SO<sub>2</sub> detection to distant or optically thick volcanic plumes","docAbstract":"Ultraviolet (UV) camera systems represent an exciting new technology for measuring two dimensional sulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>) distributions in volcanic plumes. The high frame rate of the cameras allows the retrieval of SO<sub>2</sub> emission rates at time scales of 1 Hz or higher, thus allowing the investigation of high-frequency signals and making integrated and comparative studies with other high-data-rate volcano monitoring techniques possible. One drawback of the technique, however, is the limited spectral information recorded by the imaging systems. Here, a framework for simulating the sensitivity of UV cameras to various SO<sub>2</sub> distributions is introduced. Both the wavelength-dependent transmittance of the optical imaging system and the radiative transfer in the atmosphere are modeled. The framework is then applied to study the behavior of different optical setups and used to simulate the response of these instruments to volcanic plumes containing varying SO<sub>2</sub> and aerosol abundances located at various distances from the sensor. Results show that UV radiative transfer in and around distant and/or optically thick plumes typically leads to a lower sensitivity to SO<sub>2</sub> than expected when assuming a standard Beer–Lambert absorption model. Furthermore, camera response is often non-linear in SO<sub>2</sub> and dependent on distance to the plume and plume aerosol optical thickness and single scatter albedo. The model results are compared with camera measurements made at Kilauea Volcano (Hawaii) and a method for integrating moderate resolution differential optical absorption spectroscopy data with UV imagery to retrieve improved SO<sub>2</sub> column densities is discussed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2013.06.009","usgsCitation":"Kern, C., Werner, C., Elias, T., Sutton, A.J., and Lübcke, P., 2013, Applying UV cameras for SO<sub>2</sub> detection to distant or optically thick volcanic plumes: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 262, p. 80-89, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2013.06.009.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"80","endPage":"89","ipdsId":"IP-043068","costCenters":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275321,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275320,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2013.06.009"},{"id":275310,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0377027313001832"}],"volume":"262","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51ef97cfe4b0b09fbe58f145","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kern, Christoph 0000-0002-8920-5701 ckern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8920-5701","contributorId":3387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kern","given":"Christoph","email":"ckern@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Werner, Cynthia 0000-0003-3311-6694","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3311-6694","contributorId":11444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werner","given":"Cynthia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elias, Tamar 0000-0002-9592-4518 telias@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9592-4518","contributorId":3916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elias","given":"Tamar","email":"telias@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sutton, A. Jeff","contributorId":45605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutton","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jeff","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lübcke, Peter","contributorId":82202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lübcke","given":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70046825,"text":"70046825 - 2013 - Evolution of dike opening during the March 2011 Kamoamoa fissure eruption, Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai`i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-30T09:10:46","indexId":"70046825","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-15T12:32:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evolution of dike opening during the March 2011 Kamoamoa fissure eruption, Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai`i","docAbstract":"<p><span>The 5–9 March 2011 Kamoamoa fissure eruption along the east rift zone of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai`i, followed months of pronounced inflation at Kīlauea summit. We examine dike opening during and after the eruption using a comprehensive interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data set in combination with continuous GPS data. We solve for distributed dike displacements using a whole Kīlauea model with dilating rift zones and possibly a deep décollement. Modeled surface dike opening increased from nearly 1.5 m to over 2.8 m from the first day to the end of the eruption, in agreement with field observations of surface fracturing. Surface dike opening ceased following the eruption, but subsurface opening in the dike continued into May 2011. Dike volumes increased from 15, to 16, to 21 million cubic meters (MCM) after the first day, eruption end, and 2 months following, respectively. Dike shape is distinctive, with a main limb plunging from the surface to 2–3 km depth in the up‐rift direction toward Kīlauea's summit, and a lesser projection extending in the down‐rift direction toward Pu`u `Ō`ō at 2 km depth. Volume losses beneath Kīlauea summit (1.7 MCM) and Pu`u `Ō`ō (5.6 MCM) crater, relative to dike plus erupted volume (18.3 MCM), yield a dike to source volume ratio of 2.5 that is in the range expected for compressible magma without requiring additional sources. Inflation of Kīlauea's summit in the months before the March 2011 eruption suggests that the Kamoamoa eruption resulted from overpressure of the volcano's magmatic system.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/jgrb.50108","usgsCitation":"Lundgren, P., Poland, M.P., Miklius, A., Orr, T., Yun, S., Fielding, E., Liu, Z., Tanaka, A., Szeliga, W., Hensley, S., and Owen, S., 2013, Evolution of dike opening during the March 2011 Kamoamoa fissure eruption, Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai`i: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 118, no. 3, p. 897-914, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrb.50108.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"897","endPage":"914","ipdsId":"IP-042091","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473686,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrb.50108","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":274980,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274979,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jgrb.50108"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155.798371,19.05835 ], [ -155.798371,19.54759 ], [ -155.016307,19.54759 ], [ -155.016307,19.05835 ], [ -155.798371,19.05835 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"118","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-03-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51e50bd9e4b069f8d27cca73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lundgren, Paul","contributorId":34806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lundgren","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":146118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miklius, Asta 0000-0002-2286-1886 asta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2286-1886","contributorId":2060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miklius","given":"Asta","email":"asta@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Orr, Tim R. torr@usgs.gov","contributorId":3766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orr","given":"Tim R.","email":"torr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yun, Sang-Ho","contributorId":102772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yun","given":"Sang-Ho","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fielding, Eric","contributorId":50434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fielding","given":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Liu, Zhen","contributorId":57750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Zhen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Tanaka, Akiko","contributorId":30121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanaka","given":"Akiko","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Szeliga, Walter","contributorId":50021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szeliga","given":"Walter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Hensley, Scott","contributorId":85313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hensley","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Owen, Susan","contributorId":29004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owen","given":"Susan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70118285,"text":"70118285 - 2013 - Zinc isotope fractionation during magmatic differentiation and the isotopic composition of the bulk Earth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-28T11:19:12","indexId":"70118285","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-01T11:16:02","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Zinc isotope fractionation during magmatic differentiation and the isotopic composition of the bulk Earth","docAbstract":"<p>he zinc stable isotope system has been successfully applied to many and varied fields in geochemistry, but to date it is still not completely clear how this isotope system is affected by igneous processes. In order to evaluate the potential application of Zn isotopes as a proxy for planetary differentiation and volatile history, it is important to constrain the magnitude of Zn isotopic fractionation induced by magmatic differentiation. In this study we present high-precision Zn isotope analyses of two sets of chemically diverse, cogenetic samples from Kilauea Iki lava lake, Hawaii, and Hekla volcano, Iceland, which both show clear evidence of having undergone variable and significant degrees of magmatic differentiation.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The Kilauea Iki samples display small but resolvable variations in Zn isotope composition (0.26‰<δ<sup>66</sup>Zn<0.36‰; δ<sup>66</sup>Zn defined as the <i>per mille</i> deviation of a sample's <sup>66</sup>Zn/<sup>64</sup>Zn compositional ratio from the JMC-Lyon standard), with the most differentiated lithologies exhibiting more positive δ<sup>66</sup>Zn values. This fractionation is likely a result of the crystallization of olivine and/or Fe–Ti oxides, which can both host Zn in their crystal structures. Samples from Hekla have a similar range of isotopic variation (0.22‰<δ<sup>66</sup>Zn<0.33‰), however, the degree of fractionation caused by magmatic differentiation is less significant (only 0.07‰) and no correlation between isotope composition and degree of differentiation is seen. We conclude that high temperature magmatic differentiation can cause Zn isotope fractionation that is resolvable at current levels of precision, but only in compositionally-evolved lithologies. With regards to primitive (ultramafic and basaltic) material, this signifies that the terrestrial mantle is essentially homogeneous with respect to Zn isotopes. Utilizing basaltic and ultramafic sample analyses, from different geologic settings, we estimate that the average Zn isotopic composition of Bulk Silicate Earth is δ<sup>66</sup>Zn=0.28±0.05‰ (2s.d.).</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"North-Holland Pub. Co.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2013.02.037","usgsCitation":"Chen, H., Savage, P.S., Teng, F., Helz, R., and Moynier, F., 2013, Zinc isotope fractionation during magmatic differentiation and the isotopic composition of the bulk Earth: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 369-370, p. 34-42, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2013.02.037.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"34","endPage":"42","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291144,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291143,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2013.02.037"}],"volume":"369-370","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f301e4b0bc0bec0a070c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, Heng","contributorId":105245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Heng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Savage, Paul S.","contributorId":102004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Teng, Fang-Zehn","contributorId":44091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teng","given":"Fang-Zehn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Helz, Rosalind T. 0000-0003-1550-0684","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1550-0684","contributorId":66181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helz","given":"Rosalind T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moynier, Frederic","contributorId":17925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moynier","given":"Frederic","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70042319,"text":"fs20123127 - 2013 - The ongoing Puʻu ʻŌʻō eruption of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi: 30 years of eruptive activity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-03T15:54:21","indexId":"fs20123127","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-3127","title":"The ongoing Puʻu ʻŌʻō eruption of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi: 30 years of eruptive activity","docAbstract":"The Puʻu ʻŌʻō eruption of Kīlauea Volcano is its longest rift-zone eruption in more than 500 years. Since the eruption began in 1983, lava flows have buried 48 square miles (125 square kilometers) of land and added about 500 acres (200 hectares) of new land to the Island of Hawaiʻi. The eruption not only challenges local communities, which must adapt to an ever-changing and sometimes-destructive environment, but has also drawn millions of visitors to Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists closely monitor and evaluate hazards at Hawaiʻi’s volcanoes and also work with park rangers to help ensure safe lava viewing for visitors.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20123127","collaboration":"U.S. Geological Survey and the National Park Service - Our Volcanic Public Lands","usgsCitation":"Orr, T., Heliker, C., and Patrick, M.R., 2013, The ongoing Puʻu ʻŌʻō eruption of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi: 30 years of eruptive activity: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3127, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123127.","productDescription":"6 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1983-01-01","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265270,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2012_3127.gif"},{"id":265268,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3127/"},{"id":265269,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3127/fs2012-3127.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155.333333,19.25 ], [ -155.333333,19.5 ], [ -154.916667,19.5 ], [ -154.916667,19.25 ], [ -155.333333,19.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e6a877e4b00c32825499eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Orr, Tim R.","contributorId":86859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orr","given":"Tim R.","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":471269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heliker, Christina","contributorId":53353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heliker","given":"Christina","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":471268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Patrick, Matthew R. 0000-0002-8042-6639 mpatrick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8042-6639","contributorId":2070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patrick","given":"Matthew","email":"mpatrick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70193606,"text":"70193606 - 2013 - Pushing the Volcanic Explosivity Index to its limit and beyond: Constraints from exceptionally weak explosive eruptions at Kīlauea in 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-03T18:30:05","indexId":"70193606","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pushing the Volcanic Explosivity Index to its limit and beyond: Constraints from exceptionally weak explosive eruptions at Kīlauea in 2008","docAbstract":"<p><span>Estimating the mass, volume, and dispersal of the deposits of very small and/or extremely weak explosive eruptions is difficult, unless they can be sampled on eruption. During explosive eruptions of Halema‘uma‘u Crater (Kīlauea, Hawaii) in 2008, we constrained for the first time deposits of bulk volumes as small as 9–300 m</span><sup>3</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>(1 × 10</span><sup>4</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>to 8 × 10</span><sup>5</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>kg) and can demonstrate that they show simple exponential thinning with distance from the vent. There is no simple fit for such products within classifications such as the Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI). The VEI is being increasingly used as the measure of magnitude of explosive eruptions, and as an input for both hazard modeling and forecasting of atmospheric dispersal of tephra. The 2008 deposits demonstrate a problem for the use of the VEI, as originally defined, which classifies small, yet ballistic-producing, explosive eruptions at Kīlauea and other basaltic volcanoes as nonexplosive. We suggest a simple change to extend the scale in a fashion inclusive of such very small deposits, and to make the VEI more consistent with other magnitude scales such as the Richter scale for earthquakes. Eruptions of this magnitude constitute a significant risk at Kīlauea and elsewhere because of their high frequency and the growing number of “volcano tourists” visiting basaltic volcanoes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geology","doi":"10.1130/G34146.1","usgsCitation":"Houghton, B.F., Swanson, D., Rausch, J., Carey, R., Fagents, S., and Orr, T.R., 2013, Pushing the Volcanic Explosivity Index to its limit and beyond: Constraints from exceptionally weak explosive eruptions at Kīlauea in 2008: Geology, v. 41, no. 6, p. 627-630, https://doi.org/10.1130/G34146.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"627","endPage":"630","ipdsId":"IP-046004","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502471,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Pushing_the_Volcanic_Explosivity_Index_to_its_limit_and_beyond_Constraints_from_exceptionally_weak_explosive_eruptions_at_Kilauea_in_2008/22902179","text":"External Repository"},{"id":348122,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.33912658691406,\n              19.322159196965423\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.14686584472656,\n              19.322159196965423\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.14686584472656,\n              19.449759112405612\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.33912658691406,\n              19.449759112405612\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.33912658691406,\n              19.322159196965423\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59fc2eaee4b0531197b27ff2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Houghton, Bruce F. 0000-0002-7532-9770","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7532-9770","contributorId":140077,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Houghton","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13351,"text":"University of Hawaii Cooperative Studies Unit","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6977,"text":"University of Hawai`i at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":719583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swanson, Don 0000-0002-1680-3591 donswan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-3591","contributorId":168817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Don","email":"donswan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rausch, J.","contributorId":7944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rausch","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carey, R.J.","contributorId":89749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carey","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fagents, S.A.","contributorId":58840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagents","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Orr, Tim R. torr@usgs.gov","contributorId":139620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orr","given":"Tim","email":"torr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":719937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70193611,"text":"70193611 - 2013 - Very long period conduit oscillations induced by rockfalls at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-02T13:37:27","indexId":"70193611","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Very long period conduit oscillations induced by rockfalls at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p><span>Eruptive activity at the summit of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, beginning in 2010 and continuing to the present time is characterized by transient outgassing bursts accompanied by very long period (VLP) seismic signals triggered by rockfalls from the vent walls impacting a lava lake in a pit within the Halemaumau pit crater. We use raw data recorded with an 11-station broadband network to model the source mechanism of signals accompanying two large rockfalls on 29 August 2012 and two smaller average rockfalls obtained by stacking over all events with similar waveforms to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. To determine the source centroid location and source mechanism, we minimize the residual error between data and synthetics calculated by the finite difference method for a point source embedded in a homogeneous medium that takes topography into account. We apply a new waveform inversion method that accounts for the contributions from both translation and tilt in horizontal seismograms through the use of Green's functions representing the seismometer response to translation and tilt ground motions. This method enables a robust description of the source mechanism over the period range 1–1000 s. The VLP signals associated with the rockfalls originate in a source region ∼1 km below the eastern perimeter of the Halemaumau pit crater. The observed waveforms are well explained by a simple volumetric source with geometry composed of two intersecting cracks including an east striking crack (dike) dipping 80° to the north, intersecting a north striking crack (another dike) dipping 65° to the east. Each rockfall is marked by a similar step-like inflation trailed by decaying oscillations of the volumetric source, attributed to the efficient coupling at the source centroid location of the pressure and momentum changes induced by the rock mass impacting the top of the lava column. Assuming a simple lumped parameter representation of the shallow magmatic system, the observed pressure and volume variations can be modeled with the following attributes: rockfall volume (200–4500 m</span><sup>3</sup><span>), length of magma column (120–210 m), diameter of pipe connecting the Halemaumau pit crater to the subjacent dike system (6 m), average thickness of the two underlying dikes (3–6 m), and effective magma viscosity (30–210 Pa s). Most rockfalls occur during episodes of sustained deflation of the Kilauea summit. The mass loss rate in the shallow magmatic system is estimated to be 1400–15,000 kg s</span><sup>−1</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>based on measurements of the temporal variation of VLP period in the two large rockfalls that occurred on 29 August 2012.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/jgrb.50376","usgsCitation":"Chouet, B.A., and Dawson, P.B., 2013, Very long period conduit oscillations induced by rockfalls at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 118, no. 10, p. 5352-5371, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrb.50376.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"5352","endPage":"5371","ipdsId":"IP-051372","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474151,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrb.50376","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348094,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.36453247070312,\n              19.32539900916396\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.12832641601562,\n              19.32539900916396\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.12832641601562,\n              19.51578670986151\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.36453247070312,\n              19.51578670986151\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.36453247070312,\n              19.32539900916396\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"118","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-10-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59fc2eaee4b0531197b27fe9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chouet, Bernard A. 0000-0001-5527-0532 chouet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5527-0532","contributorId":3304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"Bernard","email":"chouet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dawson, Phillip B. dawson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"Phillip","email":"dawson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70046828,"text":"70046828 - 2012 - A mantle-driven surge in magma supply to Kīlauea Volcano during 2003-2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T13:20:01","indexId":"70046828","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T12:09:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A mantle-driven surge in magma supply to Kīlauea Volcano during 2003-2007","docAbstract":"The eruptive activity of a volcano is fundamentally controlled by the rate of magma supply. At Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, the rate of magma rising from a source within Earth’s mantle, through the Hawaiian hotspot, was thought to have been relatively steady in recent decades. Here we show that the magma supply to Kīlauea at least doubled during 2003–2007, resulting in dramatic changes in eruptive activity and the formation of new eruptive vents. An initial indication of the surge in supply was an increase in CO<sub>2</sub> emissions during 2003–2004, combined with the onset of inflation of Kīlauea’s summit, measured using the Global Positioning System and interferometric synthetic aperture radar. Inflation was not limited to the summit magma reservoirs, but was recorded as far as 50 km from the summit, implying the existence of a connected magma system over that distance. We also record increases in SO<sub>2</sub> emissions, heightened seismicity, and compositional and temperature variations in erupted lavas. The increase in the volume of magma passing through and stored within Kīlauea, coupled with increased CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, indicate a mantle source for the magma surge. We suggest that magma supply from the Hawaiian hotspot can vary over timescales of years, and that CO<sub>2</sub> emissions could be a valuable aid for assessing variations in magma supply at Kīlauea and other volcanoes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature Geoscience","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/ngeo1426","usgsCitation":"Poland, M., Miklius, A., Sutton, A.J., and Thornber, C.R., 2012, A mantle-driven surge in magma supply to Kīlauea Volcano during 2003-2007: Nature Geoscience, v. 5, p. 295-300, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1426.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"295","endPage":"300","ipdsId":"IP-031023","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274759,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1426"},{"id":274760,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155.7984,19.0582 ], [ -155.7984,19.5476 ], [ -155.0163,19.5476 ], [ -155.0163,19.0582 ], [ -155.7984,19.0582 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51dd30e4e4b0f72b44719c39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael P.","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":480389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miklius, Asta 0000-0002-2286-1886 asta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2286-1886","contributorId":2060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miklius","given":"Asta","email":"asta@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sutton, A. Jeff","contributorId":45605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutton","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jeff","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thornber, Carl R. cthornber@usgs.gov","contributorId":2016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thornber","given":"Carl","email":"cthornber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":480390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70046822,"text":"70046822 - 2012 - Gravity fluctuations induced by magma convection at Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T10:11:30","indexId":"70046822","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T10:46:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gravity fluctuations induced by magma convection at Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i","docAbstract":"Convection in magma chambers is thought to play a key role in the activity of persistently active volcanoes, but has only been inferred indirectly from geochemical observations or simulated numerically. Continuous microgravity measurements, which track changes in subsurface mass distribution over time, provide a potential method for characterizing convection in magma reservoirs. We recorded gravity oscillations with a period of ~150 s at two continuous gravity stations at the summit of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i. The oscillations are not related to inertial accelerations caused by seismic activity, but instead indicate variations in subsurface mass. Source modeling suggests that the oscillations are caused by density inversions in a magma reservoir located ~1 km beneath the east margin of Halema‘uma‘u Crater in Kīlauea Caldera—a location of known magma storage.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G33060.1","usgsCitation":"Carbone, D., and Poland, M., 2012, Gravity fluctuations induced by magma convection at Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i: Geology, v. 40, no. 9, p. 803-806, https://doi.org/10.1130/G33060.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"803","endPage":"806","ipdsId":"IP-033975","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275043,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275042,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G33060.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155.7984,19.0584 ], [ -155.7984,19.5476 ], [ -155.0163,19.5476 ], [ -155.0163,19.0584 ], [ -155.7984,19.0584 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"40","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51e66b66e4b017be1ba3477f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carbone, Daniele","contributorId":38458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carbone","given":"Daniele","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael P.","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":480362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70041461,"text":"70041461 - 2012 - Keanakākoʻi Tephra produced by 300 years of explosive eruptions following collapse of Kīlauea's caldera in about 1500 CE","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T13:45:42","indexId":"70041461","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Keanakākoʻi Tephra produced by 300 years of explosive eruptions following collapse of Kīlauea's caldera in about 1500 CE","docAbstract":"The Keanakākoʻi Tephra at Kīlauea Volcano has previously been interpreted by some as the product of a caldera-forming eruption in 1790 CE. Our study, however, finds stratigraphic and <sup>14</sup>C evidence that the tephra instead results from numerous eruptions throughout a 300-year period between about 1500 and 1800. The stratigraphic evidence includes: (1) as many as six pure lithic ash beds interleaved in sand dunes made of earlier Keanakākoʻi vitric ash, (2) three lava flows from Kīlauea and Mauna Loa interbedded with the tephra, (3) buried syneruptive cultural structures, (4) numerous intraformational water-cut gullies, and (5) abundant organic layers rich in charcoal within the tephra section. Interpretation of 97 new accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) <sup>14</sup>C ages and 4 previous conventional ages suggests that explosive eruptions began in 1470–1510 CE, and that explosive activity continued episodically until the early 1800s, probably with two periods of quiescence lasting several decades. Kīlauea's caldera, rather than forming in 1790, predates the first eruption of the Keanakākoʻi and collapsed in 1470–1510, immediately following, and perhaps causing, the end of the 60-year-long, 4–6 km<sup>3</sup> ʻAilāʻau eruption from the east side of Kīlauea's summit area. The caldera was several hundred meters deep when the Keanakākoʻi began erupting, consistent with oral tradition, and probably had a volume of 4–6 km3. The caldera formed by collapse, but no eruption of lava coincided with its formation. A large volume of magma may have quickly drained from the summit reservoir and intruded into the east rift zone, perhaps in response to a major south-flank slip event, leading to summit collapse. Alternatively, magma may have slowly drained from the reservoir during the prolonged ʻAilāʻau eruption, causing episodic collapses before the final, largest downdrop took place. Two prolonged periods of episodic explosive eruptions are known at Kīlauea, the Keanakākoʻi and the Uwēkahuna Tephra (Fiske et al., 2009), and both occurred when a deep caldera existed, probably with a floor at or below the water table, and external water could readily interact with the magmatic system. The next period of intense explosive activity will probably have to await the drastic deepening of the present caldera (or Halemaʻumaʻu Crater) or the formation of a new caldera.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2011.11.009","usgsCitation":"Swanson, D., Rose, T.R., Fiske, R.S., and McGeehin, J., 2012, Keanakākoʻi Tephra produced by 300 years of explosive eruptions following collapse of Kīlauea's caldera in about 1500 CE: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 215-216, p. 8-25, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2011.11.009.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"8","endPage":"25","ipdsId":"IP-028859","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264106,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264104,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2011.11.009"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155.798371,19.056854 ], [ -155.798371,19.550464 ], [ -155.016307,19.550464 ], [ -155.016307,19.056854 ], [ -155.798371,19.056854 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"215-216","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d20c59e4b08b071e771b8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swanson, Donald A. 0000-0002-1680-3591","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-3591","contributorId":22303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Donald A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rose, Timothy R.","contributorId":31275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fiske, Richard S.","contributorId":17984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fiske","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGeehin, John P. 0000-0002-5320-6091 mcgeehin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5320-6091","contributorId":3444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGeehin","given":"John P.","email":"mcgeehin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70041421,"text":"70041421 - 2012 - Improving the accuracy of S0<sub>2</sub> column densities and emission rates obtained from upward-looking UV-spectroscopic measurements of volcanic plumes by taking realistic radiative transfer into account","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T12:56:47","indexId":"70041421","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improving the accuracy of S0<sub>2</sub> column densities and emission rates obtained from upward-looking UV-spectroscopic measurements of volcanic plumes by taking realistic radiative transfer into account","docAbstract":"Sulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>) is monitored using ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectroscopy at numerous volcanoes around the world due to its importance as a measure of volcanic activity and a tracer for other gaseous species. Recent studies have shown that failure to take realistic radiative transfer into account during the spectral retrieval of the collected data often leads to large errors in the calculated emission rates. Here, the framework for a new evaluation method which couples a radiative transfer model to the spectral retrieval is described. In it, absorption spectra are simulated, and atmospheric parameters are iteratively updated in the model until a best match to the measurement data is achieved. The evaluation algorithm is applied to two example Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) measurements conducted at Kilauea volcano (Hawaii). The resulting emission rates were 20 and 90% higher than those obtained with a conventional DOAS retrieval performed between 305 and 315 nm, respectively, depending on the different SO<sub>2</sub> and aerosol loads present in the volcanic plume. The internal consistency of the method was validated by measuring and modeling SO2 absorption features in a separate wavelength region around 375 nm and comparing the results. Although additional information about the measurement geometry and atmospheric conditions is needed in addition to the acquired spectral data, this method for the first time provides a means of taking realistic three-dimensional radiative transfer into account when analyzing UV-spectral absorption measurements of volcanic SO<sub>2</sub> plumes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2012JD017936","usgsCitation":"Kern, C., Deutschmann, T., Werner, C., Sutton, A.J., Elias, T., and Kelly, P., 2012, Improving the accuracy of S0<sub>2</sub> column densities and emission rates obtained from upward-looking UV-spectroscopic measurements of volcanic plumes by taking realistic radiative transfer into account: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 117, 23 p.; D20302, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JD017936.","productDescription":"23 p.; D20302","numberOfPages":"23","ipdsId":"IP-037318","costCenters":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264054,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264053,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012JD017936"}],"country":"United States","volume":"117","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50cc58ece4b00ab7c548c6ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kern, Christoph 0000-0002-8920-5701 ckern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8920-5701","contributorId":3387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kern","given":"Christoph","email":"ckern@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Deutschmann, Tim","contributorId":57742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deutschmann","given":"Tim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Werner, Cynthia 0000-0003-3311-6694","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3311-6694","contributorId":11444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werner","given":"Cynthia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sutton, A. Jeff","contributorId":45605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutton","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jeff","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Elias, Tamar 0000-0002-9592-4518 telias@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9592-4518","contributorId":3916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elias","given":"Tamar","email":"telias@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kelly, Peter J.","contributorId":72685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"Peter J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
]}